JP2007288035A - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007288035A JP2007288035A JP2006115411A JP2006115411A JP2007288035A JP 2007288035 A JP2007288035 A JP 2007288035A JP 2006115411 A JP2006115411 A JP 2006115411A JP 2006115411 A JP2006115411 A JP 2006115411A JP 2007288035 A JP2007288035 A JP 2007288035A
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum pentafluoride Chemical compound F[Ta](F)(F)(F)F YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】N原子が非置換または置換されたカルバゾールと、ジベンゾフランまたはジベンゾチオフェンを連結基または結合手で結合した構造を特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料。
【選択図】なし
Description
2.下記一般式(2)で表されることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料。
3.前記一般式(2)におけるL3が芳香環、複素環に由来する2価の連結基であることを特徴とする前記2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料。
5.下記一般式(4)で表されることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料。
6.前記一般式(4)におけるL5が芳香環、複素環に由来する2価の連結基であることを特徴とする前記5に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料。
8.前記一般式(5)におけるL6が芳香環、複素環に由来する2価の連結基であることを特徴とする前記7に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料。
500mlの3頭フラスコに中間体1、24.7g加え、窒素気流下、THF(脱水)300mlをシリンジで注入した。これをアセトン/ドライアイスバスにて冷却し、−60℃以下でn−BuLi(1.6mol/L)76.2ml滴下した。−60℃以下で1時間攪拌した後、トリメトキシボラン24.0gとTHF(脱水)30mlの混合液を滴下した。この後、室温まで昇温させた後、2時間攪拌した。更に、10%HCl溶液150mlを加え、その後分液漏斗に移し、水洗3回行った後、MgSO4脱水を行った。MgSO4をろ過後、濃縮して固化物を得た。これをn−ヘキサンで洗って、中間体2を10.5g得た。
500mlの3頭フラスコに、中間体2、9.5gと中間体3、10gを加え、窒素気流下、THF250ml加えた。更に、K2CO3、8.5gを水75mlに溶かして加え、これにPd(PPh3)4、4.5gを加えて、還流下10時間反応させた。その後、分液漏斗に移し、水洗3回行った後、MgSO4脱水を行った。MgSO4をろ過後、濃縮して固化物を得た。この固化物をヘキサン/酢酸エチル=8/1を展開溶媒としたシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーを行い、中間体4を5.6g得た。
300mlの3頭フラスコに、中間体4、3.6g、m−ジブロモベンゼン1.2g、ジメチルアセトアミド150ml、銅粉0.85g、K2CO3、2.1gを加え、内温150℃で8時間反応させた。この反応液に水と酢酸エチルを加え、分液漏斗に移し、有機層を3回水洗した後、MgSO4脱水を行った。MgSO4をろ過後、濃縮して固化物を得た。この固化物をヘキサン/酢酸エチル=10/1を展開溶媒としたシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーを行い、例示化合物(1)を1.1g得た。構造確認は下記のように、1H−NMRで行った。
(ii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iv)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(v)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
なお、正孔阻止層はホールブロック層とも言われ、実質上、電子輸送性の材料で構成されており、そのため電子輸送層と正孔阻止層とを1層で構成してもよい。
有機EL素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3−
ZnO)等非晶質で、透明導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成してもよく、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合は(100μm以上程度)、上記電極物質の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは、有機導電性化合物のように塗布可能な物質を用いる場合には、印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式製膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。更に膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10〜1000nm、好ましくは10〜200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。
注入層は必要に応じて設け、電子注入層と正孔注入層があり、上記の如く陽極と発光層または正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層または電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。
阻止層は、上記の如く、有機化合物薄膜の基本構成層の他に必要に応じて設けられるものである。例えば、特開平11−204258号公報、同11−204359号公報、及び「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の237頁等に記載されている正孔阻止(ホールブロック)層がある。
本発明に係る発光層は、電極または電子輸送層、正孔輸送層から注入されてくる電子及び正孔が再結合して発光する層であり、発光する部分は発光層の層内であっても発光層と隣接層との界面であってもよい。
本発明の有機EL素子の発光層には、リン光発光性ドーパントを含有することが好ましい。リン光発光性ドーパントのリン光波長(0−0バンド)は485nm以下であることが好ましく、リン光発光性ドーパントのイオン化ポテンシャルが5.5eV以下であることが好ましい。
7、Y=0.33±0.07の領域内にあることをいう。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層に含まれる。正孔輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子に用いることのできる支持基板(以下、基体、基板、基材、支持体等ともいう)としては、ガラス、プラスチック等の種類には特に限定はなく、また、透明であっても不透明であってもよい。支持基板側から光を取り出す場合には、支持基板は透明であることが好ましい。好ましく用いられる透明な支持基板としては、ガラス、石英、透明樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。特に好ましい支持基板は、有機EL素子にフレキシブル性を与えることが可能な樹脂フィルムである。
本発明に用いられる封止手段としては、例えば、封止部材と電極、支持基板とを接着剤で接着する方法を挙げることができる。
有機層を挟み支持基板と対向する側の前記封止膜あるいは前記封止用フィルムの外側に、素子の機械的強度を高めるために保護膜、あるいは保護板を設けてもよい。特に、封止が前記封止膜により行われている場合には、その機械的強度は必ずしも高くないため、このような保護膜、保護板を設けることが好ましい。これに使用することができる材料としては、前記封止に用いたのと同様なガラス板、ポリマー板・フィルム、金属板・フィルム等を用いることができるが、軽量且つ薄膜化ということからポリマーフィルムを用いることが好ましい。
有機EL素子は空気よりも屈折率の高い(屈折率が1.7〜2.1程度)層の内部で発光し、発光層で発生した光のうち15〜20%程度の光しか取り出せないことが一般的に言われている。これは、臨界角以上の角度θで界面(透明基板と空気との界面)に入射する光は、全反射を起こし素子外部に取り出すことができないことや、透明電極ないし発光層と透明基板との間で光が全反射を起こし、光が透明電極ないし発光層を導波し、結果として光が素子側面方向に逃げるためである。
本発明の有機EL素子は基板の光取り出し側に、例えば、マイクロレンズアレイ状の構造を設けるように加工したり、あるいは所謂集光シートと組み合わせることにより、特定方向、例えば、素子発光面に対し正面方向に集光することにより、特定方向上の輝度を高めることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子の作製方法の一例として、陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極からなる有機EL素子の作製法について説明する。
本発明の有機EL素子は、表示デバイス、ディスプレイ、各種発光光源として用いることができる。発光光源として、例えば、家庭用照明、車内照明、時計や液晶用のバックライト、看板広告、信号機、光記憶媒体の光源、電子写真複写機の光源、光通信処理機の光源、光センサーの光源等が挙げられるがこれに限定するものではないが、特に液晶表示装置のバックライト、照明用光源としての用途に有効に用いることができる。
〈有機EL素子1−1の作製〉
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。この透明支持基板を市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定し、一方、モリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにα−NPDを200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにホスト化合物としてm−CPを200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにBAlqを200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートに発光性ドーパント1−1を100mg入れ、更に別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにAlq3を200mg入れ、真空蒸着装置に取付けた。
有機EL素子1−1の作製において、表1に記載のようにホスト化合物、発光性ドーパントを変更した以外は同様にして有機EL素子1−2〜1−22を作製した。
作製後の各有機EL素子の非発光面をガラスケースで覆い、厚み300μmのガラス基板を封止用基板として用いて、周囲にシール材として、エポキシ系光硬化型接着剤(東亞合成社製ラックストラックLC0629B)を適用し、これを上記陰極上に重ねて前記透明支持基板と密着させ、ガラス基板側からUV光を照射して、硬化させて、封止して、図1、図2に示すような照明装置を形成して、評価した。
作製した有機EL素子について、23℃、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で2.5mA/cm2定電流を印加した時の外部取り出し量子効率(%)を測定した。なお、測定には同様に分光放射輝度計CS−1000(コニカミノルタセンシング製)を用いた。
2.5mA/cm2の一定電流で駆動したときに、輝度が発光開始直後の輝度(初期輝度)の半分に低下するのに要した時間を測定し、これを半減寿命時間(τ0.5)として寿命の指標とした。なお、測定には分光放射輝度計CS−1000(コニカミノルタセンシング製)を用いた。
〈有機EL素子2−1の作製〉
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。この透明支持基板を市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定し、一方、モリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにα−NPDを200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにホスト化合物としてCBPを200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにBAlqを200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにIr(ppy)3を100mg入れ、更に別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにAlq3を200mg入れ、真空蒸着装置に取付けた。
有機EL素子2−1の作製において、表2に記載のようにホスト化合物を変更した以外は同様にして、有機EL素子2−2〜2−9を作製した。
〈有機EL素子3−1の作製〉
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。この透明支持基板を市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定し、一方、モリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにα−NPDを200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートに電子阻止化合物としてm−CPを100mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにホスト化合物としてCBP200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにBAlqを200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートに発光性ドーパント1−1を100mg入れ、更に別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにAlq3を200mg入れ、真空蒸着装置に取付けた。
有機EL素子3−1の作製において、発光層のホスト化合物として用いているCBPを表3に示す化合物に置き換えてホスト化合物とし、電子阻止層に用いたCBPを表3に示す化合物に置き換えた以外は、有機EL素子3−1と同じ方法で3−2〜3−9を作製した。
〈有機EL素子4−1の作製〉
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。この透明支持基板を市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定し、一方、モリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにα−NPDを200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにホスト化合物としてm−CPを200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにBAlqを200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートに発光性ドーパント1−1を100mg入れ、更に別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにAlq3を200mg入れ、真空蒸着装置に取付けた。
有機EL素子4−1の作製において、発光層のホスト化合物として用いているm−CPを表4に示す化合物に置き換えてホスト化合物とし、正孔阻止層に用いたBAlqを表4に示す化合物に置き換えてた以外は、有機EL素子4−1と同じ方法で4−2〜4−5を作製した。
実施例1の透明電極基板の電極を20mm×20mmにパターニングし、その上に実施例1と同様に正孔注入/輸送層としてα−NPDを50nmの厚さで成膜し、更に例示化合物(1)の入った前記加熱ボートと発光性ドーパント1−1の入ったボート、及びIr−9の入ったボートをそれぞれ独立に通電して、ホスト化合物である(1)と発光性ドーパントである1−1及びIr−9の蒸着速度が100:5:0.6になるように調節し、膜厚30nmの厚さになるように蒸着し、発光層を設けた。
102 ガラスカバー
107 透明電極付きガラス基板
106 有機EL層
105 陰極
108 窒素ガス
109 捕水剤
Claims (20)
- 前記一般式(2)におけるL3が芳香環、複素環に由来する2価の連結基であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料。
- 前記一般式(4)におけるL5が芳香環、複素環に由来する2価の連結基であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料。
- 前記一般式(5)におけるL6が芳香環、複素環に由来する2価の連結基であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料。
- 前記一般式(1)〜(5)のいずれかで表される化合物におけるL1が単なる結合手であることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料。
- 前記一般式(1)〜(5)いずれかで表される化合物におけるXがOであることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料。
- 陽極と陰極により挟まれた少なくとも発光層を含有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料を含有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層がリン光発光性ドーパントを有することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記リン光発光性ドーパントの0−0バンドが485nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層に請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料を含有することを特徴とする請求項11〜13のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 電子阻止層に請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料を含有することを特徴とする請求項11〜13のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- ホールブロック層に請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料を含有することを特徴とする請求項11〜13のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 白色に発光することを特徴とする請求項11〜16のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項11〜17のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を備えたことを特徴とする表示装置。
- 請求項11〜17のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を備えたことを特徴とする照明装置。
- 請求項19に記載の照明装置と表示手段として液晶素子とを有することを特徴とする表示装置。
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US20090302745A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
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US8247089B2 (en) | 2012-08-21 |
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