JP2006524057A - 疾患を処置するための方法および組成物 - Google Patents
疾患を処置するための方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は参考として本明細書に組み込まれる2003年4月21日に出願された米国仮出願第60/464,571号の優先権を主張する。
本発明は一般的に新生物障害の治療のための方法および組成物に関する。更に本発明は治療上有効なベクターを製造するための方法および系に関する。
遺伝子療法プロトコル全体の約70%が転移癌の治療を目的としている。活用されているプロトコルの大部分がサイトカインまたは腫瘍抗原の細胞ベースの遺伝子転移を介した癌免疫療法の何れかの形態を使用しているが、他のものはプロドラッグ、化学保護剤、アンチセンスコンストラクトまたは腫瘍抑制遺伝子を担持した癌溶解ウィルスまたはベクターの腫瘍内送達を使用している。しかしながら、効果的な癌の遺伝子療法の開発および展開を妨害していた主要な未解決の問題は、インビボにおける標的細胞への不十分な送達に関るもの、即ち、多くの直接的な治療の試みを無駄にし、そして排除するという問題である(Tseng and Mulligan,Surg.Oncol.Clin.N.Am.11:537−569,2002)。この点に関し、向病巣性の標的化の出現は癌遺伝子療法における新しい論理的枠組みを送り出している。癌細胞自体ではなく、患部の組織病理学的特徴を標的化して転移部位における有効なベクター濃度を旨適化することにより、循環している遺伝子療法ベクターの安全性および効果は前臨床試験において劇的に増大した(Gordon et al.,Cancer Res.60:3343−3347,2000;Gordon et al.,Hum.Gene Ther.12:193−204,2001)。マウス白血病ウィルスベースベクター(分裂細胞に選択的に形質導入する)の固有の特性および腫瘍殺傷性および抗血管形成性の活性を示す細胞周期制御遺伝子の戦略的特異性(Gordon et al.,Hum.Gene Ther.12:193−204,2001)により更に増強され、向病巣性ベクターの前臨床および臨床上の性能は生理学的サーベイランスのための遺伝子薬剤の全身送達ならびに、原発、遠隔、転移および潜伏の癌の治療のための可能性を確立している。
本開示は「標的化された」ウィルスおよび非ウィルスの粒子、例えばレトロウィルスベクター粒子、アデノウィルスベクター粒子、アデノ関連ウィルスベクター粒子、ヘルペスウィルスベクター粒子および擬似型ウィルス、例えば水疱性口内炎ウィルスGタンパク(VSV−G)に関るものに関し、そして、ビロソームの部分としてウィルスタンパクを含有する非ウィルスベクターまたは他のプロテオリポソーム遺伝子転移ベクターに関する。
標的の送達系は、病理区域に選択的にレトロウイルスベクターまたは他の任意のウイルスもしくは非ウイルスのベクター、タンパク質または薬剤を標的とし(すなわち、向病巣性標的)、脈菅(Hallら,Hum Gene Ther,8:2183−92,1997;Hallら,Hum Gene Ther,11:983−93,2000)または癌病変(Gordonら,Hum Gene Ther 12:193−204,2001;Gordonら,Curiel DT,Douglas JT.(編)Vector Targeting Strategies for Therapeutic Gene Delivery,New York,NY:Wiley−Liss,Inc.293−320,2002)、活動新脈管形成の区域、および組織損傷または炎症の区域への優先的遺伝子送達をインビボで高い効率にて可能にする。
他に規定されない限り、本明細書において使用する全ての技術用語および科学用語は、本発明が属する分野の当業者によって一般的に理解される意味と同一の意味を有する。本明細書中の開示全体を通して参照される全ての特許、特許出願、公開出願および出版物、Genbank配列、ウエブサイトならびに他の公開された材料は、その全体が本明細書に参考として援用される。本明細書における用語について、複数の定義が存在する場合は、その章におけるものを優先する。URLまたは他のこのような識別子もしくはアドレスに参照される場合は、そのような識別子は、変更され得、インターネット上の特定の情報は、入れ替えられ得るが、同等の情報が、インターネットを検索することにより見出され得る。それを参照することにより、そのような情報の入手性および公的な流布度が証明される。
本明細書に開示するプラスミドは治療用および診断用の手順において使用するための標的化された送達ベクターをトランスフェクトして生産するために使用される。一般的に、このようなプラスミドは本明細書に開示した標的化されたベクターのウィルスまたは非ウィルスの成分をコードする核酸配列を提供する。このようなプラスミドは例えばコラーゲン結合ドメインを含有するように改変された4070A両栄養性エンベロープタンパクをコードする核酸配列を含む。別のプラスミドはプロモーターに作動可能に連結されている核酸配列を含むことができる。配列は一般的にウィルスgag−polポリペプチドをコードしている。プラスミドは更に、プロモーターに作動可能に連結されている核酸配列を含み、そして配列は産生細胞に薬剤耐性を与えるポリペプチドをコードしている。複製起点も含まれる。別のプラスミドは、診断用または治療用のポリペプチドをコードする分泌核酸配列;5’および3’長末端反復配列;Ψレトロウィルスパッケージング配列、5’LTRの上流のCMVプロモーター、プロモーターに作動可能に連結されている核酸配列およびSV40複製起点を含むことができる。
本開示は、ウイルスベクター粒子および非ウイルスベクター粒子(レトロウイルスベクター粒子、アデノウイルスベクター粒子、アデノ随伴ウイルスベクター粒子、ヘルペスウイルスベクター粒子、擬似型ウイルス、および改変型ウイルス表面タンパク質または標的化されたウイルス表面タンパク質(例えば、標的化されたウイルスエンベロープポリペプチド)を有する非ウイルスベクターの製造に関し、ここで、そのような改変されたウイルス表面タンパク質(例えば、改変されたウイルスエンベロープポリペプチド)は、コラーゲンのような細胞外マトリックス成分に結合する結合領域を含む標的化ポリペプチドを含む。この標的化ポリペプチドは、ウイルス表面タンパク質の2つの連続するアミノ酸残基の間に位置し得るか、あるいは、ウイルス表面タンパク質から除去されているアミノ酸残基を置換し得る。
本発明の標的化されたベクターはまた、突然変異体サイクリン−Gポリペプチドのような治療薬をコードする核酸を送達するための、遺伝子療法プロトコルの一部として使用できる。従って、本発明の別の局面は、転移した新生物性障害に関わる細胞型を含む被験体の区域への、インビボまたはインビトロでの治療薬のトランスフェクションのための発現ベクターを特徴とする。本明細書において提供される標的化されたベクターは、遺伝子療法のためのベクターとしての使用を意図している。突然変異体サイクリン−Gポリペプチドおよび核酸分子は、他の標的化されたベクターにおける、相当する遺伝子を置き換えるために使用できる。或は、本明細書に開示する標的化されたベクター(例えばコラーゲン結合ドメインを含むもの)は、何れかの治療薬(例えばチミジンキナーゼ)をコードする核酸を含有することができる。有利なものは、新生物性の障害を治療するために有用な治療薬である。
本明細書に記載した方法において使用するための組成物を含むキットまたは薬剤送達系も提供される。標的化されたレトロウィルス粒子の投与のために必要な全ての必須の材料および試薬(例えばパッケージング細胞コンストラクトまたは細胞系統、サイトカイン発現ベクター)は、キット内に集められ得る。キットの要素は前述したように種々の製剤において提供され得る。標的化されたレトロウィルス粒子1つ以上を、薬剤1つ以上(例えば化学療法剤)と共に、単一の製薬上許容しうる組成物または別々の製薬上許容し得る組成物に処方し得る。
プラスミドpBv1/CAEPはコラーゲン結合機能のインテグラルゲインを取り込むように修飾されている4070A両種向性エンベロープタンパク(ゲンバンクアクセッション番号:M33469)のコーディング配列を含んでいる(Hall et al.,Human Gene Therapy,8:2183−2192,1997)。親発現プラスミドpCAE(Morgan et al.,Journal of Virology,67:4712−4721,1967)はUSC Gene Therapy Laboratoriesより提供された。このpCAEプラスミドを、アミノ酸6および7のコーディング配列の間の成熟タンパクのN末端近傍のPstI部位(gct gca gga、アミノ酸AAGをコード)の挿入により修飾した(pCAEP)。この独特のPstI部位に、合成オリゴヌクレオチド二重らせん(gga cat gta gga tgg aga gaa cca tca ttc atg gct ctg tca gct gca、アミノ酸GHVGWREPSFMALSAAをコード、ウシフォン・ビルブラント因子のD2ドメインから誘導され(Hall et al.,Human Gene Therapy,11:983−993,2000)、そして戦略的リンカー(下線)によりフランキングされている最小コラーゲン結合デカペプチド(太字))をクローニングしてpBv1/CAEPを作成した。
最終生成物Mx−dnG1(REXIN−GTM)はハイブリッドLTR/CMVプロモーターの制御下にN末端欠失突然変異体ヒトサイクリンG1コンストラクトをコードするマトリックス(コラーゲン)標的化レトロウィルスベクターである。ベクターはまたSV40早期プロモーターにより賦活されるネオマイシン耐性遺伝子を含む。
インビトロでがん細胞の増殖を抑制し、そして、肝転移のヌードマウスモデルにおいてインビボで腫瘍の成育を停止させるMx−dnG1の効力を試験した。膵臓起源のヒト未分化癌細胞系統を転移癌のプロトタイプとして選択した。これらの癌細胞におけるレトロウィルスの形質導入の効率は優れており、感染の多重度(それぞれ4および250)に応じて26%〜85%の範囲となる。治療用遺伝子の選択のために、種々のサイクリンG1コンストラクトを担持するベクターを用いて形質導入した細胞において細胞増殖試験を実施した。標準的な条件下において、Mx−dnG1ベクターは一貫して、dnG1タンパクを示す20kDaの領域において免疫反応性サイクリンG1の出現を伴いながら最大の抗増殖作用を示した。これらの結果に基づいて、Mx−dnG1ベクターをその後のインビボの効力試験のために選択した。
細胞外マトリックス成分(例えばコラーゲン)を標的化するペプチドを取り込んだマトリックス標的化された注射可能なレトロウィルスベクターはインビボの治療用遺伝子送達を増強することが明らかにされている。2種の癌のマウスモデルおよび2種の細胞殺傷性/細胞活動抑制性の優性ネガティブサイクリンG1コンストラクト(Mx−dnG1およびMxV−dnG1と命名)を用いて別のデータを提示する。Mx−dnG1およびMxV−dnG1は共に病的区域を標的化するためのマトリックス(コラーゲン)標的化モチーフをディスプレイする両種向性の4070AMLV系のレトロウィルスベクターである。2つのベクターの間の唯一の相違点はMxV−dnG1は水疱性口内炎ウィルスGタンパクにより擬似型とされていることである。
本研究の目的は、(1)Rexin−Gの連続的静脈内注入の用量規定毒性および最大耐量(安全性)を測定すること、および(2)潜在的な抗腫瘍応答を評価することであった。プロトコルを、少なくとも3ヶ月の推定生存時間を有する末期癌患者に対して設計した。担当の内科腫瘍専門医により標準的な化学療法に不応性であるとみなされたIV期の膵臓癌患者3名に、フィリピン食品医薬品局により認可されたRexin−Gを用いる例外的使用プロトコルに関与するように依頼した。Rexin−Gの静脈内注入による患者内用量増大レジメンを、8〜10日間毎日行った。このレジメンの終了後、用量規定毒性に関する1週間の評価期間を設け、その後、Rexin−Gの最大耐量をさらに8〜10日間投与した。観察期間中に患者がRexin−Gに関する3等級または4等級の有害事象を発症しなかった場合、Rexin−Gの用量は表1(前出)に示されるように増大させた。
Claims (51)
- 標的化された送達ベクターを生成するための方法であって、該方法は、以下の工程:
a)産生細胞を一過性に以下:
i)コラーゲン結合ドメインを含むように修飾された4070A両栄養性エンベロープタンパク質をコードする核酸配列を含む第1のプラスミドであって、該核酸配列はプロモーターに作動可能に連結されている、プラスミド;
ii)第2のプラスミドであって、以下:
プロモーターに作動可能に連結されている核酸配列であって、ウィルスgag−polポリペプチドをコードする、核酸配列;
プロモーターに作動可能に連結されている核酸配列であって、産生細胞に薬物耐性を与えるポリペプチドをコードする、核酸配列;
SV40複製起点;
を含む、プラスミド;
iii)第3のプラスミドであって、以下:
プロモーターに作動可能に連結されている非相同核酸配列であって、診断用または治療用のポリペプチドをコードする、核酸配列;
5’および3’長末端反復配列(LTR);
Ψレトロウィルスパッケージング配列;
該5’LTRの上流のCMVプロモーター;
プロモーターに作動可能に連結されている核酸配列であって、該産生細胞に薬物耐性を与えるポリペプチドをコードする、核酸配列;
SV40複製起点;
を含む、プラスミド;
でトランスフェクトする工程であって、ここで該産生細胞はSV40ラージT抗原を発現するヒト細胞である、工程;
b)標的化された送達ベクターの産生および培地の上澄みへの放出を可能にする条件下で、a)の産生細胞を培養する工程;
c)ウィルス粒子を収集するための閉鎖ループマニホールド系内に該上澄みを単離して導入する工程;ならびに、
d)該標的化された送達ベクターを収集する工程;
を包含する、方法。 - 前記標的化された送達ベクターが、ウィルス粒子である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記収集されたウィルス粒子が、ミリリットル当たり約1×107〜1×1010個のコロニー形成単位のウィルス力価を示す、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記ウィルス粒子が、直径50nm〜150nmである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記コラーゲン結合ドメインが、フォン・ビルブラント因子のD2ドメインに由来するペプチドを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フォン・ビルブラント因子が、ウシフォン・ビルブラント因子である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記ペプチドが、アミノ酸配列Gly−His−Val−Trp−Arg−Glu−Pro−Ser−Phe−Met−Ala−Lys−Ser−Ala−Ala(配列番号1)を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記ペプチドが、前記4070A両栄養性エンベロープタンパク質のgp70部分に含まれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記治療用ポリペプチドが、サイクリンG1のN末端欠失突然変異体である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記サイクリンG1のN末端欠失突然変異体が、ヒトサイクリンG1のアミノ酸約41〜249を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記治療用ポリペプチドが、インターロイキン−2(IL−2)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記治療用ポリペプチドが、顆粒球マクロファージ−コロニー刺激因子(GM−CSF)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記治療用ポリペプチドが、チミジンキナーゼである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記診断用ポリペプチドが、緑色蛍光タンパク質、ルシフェラーゼ、放射性同位体またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のプラスミドが、Bvl/pCAEPプラスミドである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のプラスミドが、pCgpnプラスミドである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第3のプラスミドが、G1XSvNaプラスミドに由来する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第3のプラスミドが、pdnG1/C−REXプラスミドである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第3のプラスミドが、pdnG1/C−REXIIプラスミドである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記産生細胞が、293T細胞である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記閉鎖ループマニホールド系が、図19Aおよび図19Bに示す系を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ウィルス粒子が、REXIN−Gと示される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 新生物障害を有する被験体を処置する方法であって、該方法は、以下の工程:
a)請求項2に記載の方法により生成されるウィルス粒子に被験体を接触させる工程を包含する第1相プロトコルであって、ここで該被験体は、以下:
i)連続1〜約6日間、該被験体に投与される約1×109〜6×109単位/日の第1のウィルス粒子用量レベル;
ii)連続1〜約3日間および第1のベクター用量の投与の後に該被験体に投与される約7×109〜約1×1010単位/日の第2のウィルス粒子用量レベル;および、
iii)連続1〜約3日間および第2のベクター用量の投与の後に該被験体に投与される約1×1010〜約5×1010単位/日のウィルス粒子用量レベル;
と接触される、プロトコル;
b)請求項1に記載の方法により生成されるウィルス粒子と被験体を接触させる工程を包含する第2相プロトコルであって、ここで該被験体は、連続1〜約15日間および該第1相のプロトコルの後に該被験体に投与される約1×109〜約5×1010単位/日のウィルス粒子用量レベルと接触される、プロトコル;ならびに、
c)必要に応じて相1および相2のプロトコルの前、同時、または後に該被験体に化学療法剤を投与する工程;
を包含する、方法。 - 前記第1のウィルス粒子用量レベルが、約4×109〜5×109単位/日である、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のウィルス粒子用量レベルが、約9×109〜約1×1010単位/日である、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記第3のウィルス粒子用量レベルが、約1×1010〜約2×1010単位/日である、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記ウィルス粒子が、曝露されたコラーゲンの領域内で前記被験体に蓄積する、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記曝露されたコラーゲンの領域が、新生物病変、活動性血管形成の領域、新生物病変、血管損傷の領域、外科処置部位、炎症部位および組織破壊領域を包含する、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記ウィルス粒子が、局所、静脈内、動脈内、結腸内、気管内、腹腔内、鼻腔内、血管内、鞘内、頭蓋内、骨髄内、胸膜腔内、皮内、皮下、筋肉内、眼内、骨内および/または滑液包内に投与される、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が、哺乳動物である、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物が、ヒトである、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 以下:
a)プロモーターに機能的に連結した任意のマルチクローニングサイトであって、該プロモーターが非相同核酸配列の発現を補助する、マルチクローニングサイト;
b)5’および3’長末端反復配列(LTR);
c)Ψレトロウィルスパッケージング配列;
d)該5’LTR配列の上流に位置する、CMVプロモーター;
e)プロモーターに作動可能に連結されている核酸配列であって、ここで該配列は、プラスミドを含む産生細胞に薬物耐性を与えるポリペプチドをコードする、核酸配列;および、
f)SV40複製起点;
を含むプラスミド。 - 前記プラスミドが、pC−REXである、請求項32に記載のプラスミド。
- 前記プラスミドがpC−REXIIである、請求項32に記載のプラスミド。
- 治療用または診断用のポリペプチドをコードする非相同核酸配列をさらに含む、請求項33に記載のプラスミド。
- 前記治療用ポリペプチドが、突然変異体サイクリンG1である、請求項35に記載のプラスミド。
- 標的化されたウィルス粒子を生成するためのキットであって、該キットは、以下:
a)コラーゲン結合ドメインを含むように修飾された4070A両栄養性エンベロープタンパク質をコードする核酸配列を含む第1のプラスミドを含む容器であって、該核酸配列はプロモーターに作動可能に連結されている、容器;
b)以下:
プロモーターに作動可能に連結されている核酸配列であって、ウィルスgag−polポリペプチドをコードする、核酸配列;
プロモーターに作動可能に連結されている核酸配列であって、産生細胞に薬物耐性を与えるポリペプチドをコードする、核酸配列;
SV40複製起点;
を含む第2のプラスミドを含む、容器;
c)以下:
プロモーターに作動可能に連結されている非相同核酸配列であって、診断用または治療用のポリペプチドをコードする、核酸配列;
5’および3’長末端反復配列(LTR)、
Ψレトロウィルスパッケージング配列、
該5’LTRの上流のCMVプロモーター、
プロモーターに作動可能に連結されている核酸配列であって、産生細胞に薬物耐性を与えるポリペプチドをコードする、核酸配列、
SV40複製起点、
を含む第3のプラスミドを含む、容器;
d)SV40ラージT抗原を発現する産生細胞を含む、容器;および、
e)a)、b)およびc)のプラスミドでd)の産生細胞を一過性にトランスフェクトする工程、および、標的化されたウィルス粒子を生成し得る条件下で、該トランスフェクトされた産生細胞を培養する工程、に関する説明書;
を備える、キット。 - 前記第1のプラスミドが、Bvl/pCAEPプラスミドである、請求項33に記載のキット。
- 前記第2のプラスミドが、pCgpnプラスミドである、請求項37に記載のキット。
- 前記第3のプラスミドが、pdnG1/C−REXプラスミドである、請求項37に記載のキット。
- 前記第3のプラスミドが、pdnG1/C−REXIIプラスミドである、請求項37に記載のキット。
- 前記産生細胞が、293T細胞である、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 標的化されたウィルス粒子の生成のためのキットであって、該キットは、以下:
a)Bvl/pCAEPプラスミド:
b)pCgpnプラスミド;
c)pdnG1/C−REXプラスミドまたはpdnG1/C−REXIIプラスミド;
d)293T細胞;および
e)a)、b)およびc)のプラスミドでd)の産生細胞を一過性にトランスフェクトする工程、および、標的化されたウィルス粒子を産生し得る条件下で、トランスフェクトされた産生細胞を培養する工程、に関する説明書;
を含む容器を備える、キット。 - 新生物障害を処置するためのキットであって、該キットは以下:
a)薬学的に受容可能なキャリア中に請求項1に記載の方法により生成される標的化された送達ベクターを含む、容器;および、
b)請求項23に記載の方法に従って、被験体に、a)のベクターを投与する工程に関する説明書;
を備える、キット。 - 前記標的化された送達ベクターが、ウィルス粒子である、請求項44に記載のキット。
- 遺伝子治療業務を実施するための方法であって、該方法は、以下:
a)請求項1に記載の方法により、標的化された送達ベクターを作製する工程;
b)適切な培地の溶液中に粒子を回収して懸濁する工程、および、−70℃〜−86℃で該懸濁液を保存する工程により、標的化された送達ベクターのバンクを確立する工程;
c)該ベクターおよび該ベクターの使用に関する説明書を、該ベクターを必要とする患者への投与に関する医師または健康管理提供者に提供する工程;
を包含する、方法。 - 前記標的化された送達ベクターが、ウィルス粒子である、請求項46に記載の方法。
- 使用に関する前記説明書が、さらに請求項23に記載の方法を包含する、請求項46記載の方法。
- 前記適切な培地が、95%DMEM培地および約1.2%のヒト血清アルブミンを含む、請求項48に記載の方法。
- 前記患者または前記患者の保険提供者に支払請求する工程をさらに包含する、請求項46に記載の方法。
- 遺伝子治療業務を実施するための方法であって、該方法が、医師または健康管理提供者に請求項37、43または44に記載のキットを提供する工程を包含する、方法。
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US11253611B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2022-02-22 | Genvivo, Inc. | Thymidine kinase diagnostic assay for gene therapy applications |
US11364307B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2022-06-21 | Genvivo, Inc. | Thymidine kinase gene |
JP7246343B2 (ja) | 2013-03-14 | 2023-03-27 | ジェンビーボ・インコーポレイテッド | 改善されたチミジンキナーゼ遺伝子 |
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EP1619951B1 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
EP1619951A4 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
EP1619951A2 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
WO2004093810A3 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
US20040253215A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
WO2004093810A2 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
US8052966B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 |
ES2366617T3 (es) | 2011-10-21 |
ATE513471T1 (de) | 2011-07-15 |
CA2522359A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
JP2009112314A (ja) | 2009-05-28 |
CA2522359C (en) | 2013-09-24 |
EP2353389B1 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
EP2353389A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
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