EP2398609A1 - Procédé de coulée pour alliages d'aluminium - Google Patents
Procédé de coulée pour alliages d'aluminiumInfo
- Publication number
- EP2398609A1 EP2398609A1 EP10707100A EP10707100A EP2398609A1 EP 2398609 A1 EP2398609 A1 EP 2398609A1 EP 10707100 A EP10707100 A EP 10707100A EP 10707100 A EP10707100 A EP 10707100A EP 2398609 A1 EP2398609 A1 EP 2398609A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- casting
- aluminum alloy
- dry gas
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002747 voluntary effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XLNZHTHIPQGEMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane propane Chemical compound CCC.CCC.CC.CC XLNZHTHIPQGEMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 208000021017 Weight Gain Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical class [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical class [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002568 Capsicum frutescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
- B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/116—Refining the metal
- B22D11/117—Refining the metal by treating with gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
- B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
Definitions
- the invention relates to the casting of aluminum alloys, especially the casting of alloys containing magnesium and / or lithium sensitive to oxidation.
- a main defect is the vertical groove which is notably generated by folds of the oxide skin on the surface of the marsh.
- this problem is particularly important because the furrows, especially when they are long and deep, easily initiate surface cracks.
- the grooves and slots must generally be removed before the ingots obtained during the casting process are processed. It is possible, for example, to eliminate defects by machining, which can be economically very disadvantageous both by the cost of the operation and by the significant loss of metal that results. In some cases, the presence of slit makes the ingot unusable and it is necessary to remelt it.
- US Pat. No. 4,582,118 proposes using a non-reactive and non-combustible atmosphere, such as for example an argon, helium, neon, or krypton or even nitrogen or carbon dioxide atmosphere, for casting aluminum-lithium alloys.
- a non-reactive and non-combustible atmosphere such as for example an argon, helium, neon, or krypton or even nitrogen or carbon dioxide atmosphere
- the implementation of such methods is however very expensive.
- EP 0 109 170 A1 discloses the use of a baffle on the periphery of the casting machine to sweep the liquid metal surface by an inert gas (usually nitrogen and / or argon with or without chlorine or another halogen).
- an inert gas usually nitrogen and / or argon with or without chlorine or another halogen.
- the use of carbon dioxide or flue gas to limit oxidation is also known from CN. Cochran, D. L. Belitskus and D. L. Kinosz, Metall
- EP 1 964 628 A1 describes a method for producing aluminum ingots in which at least one step of the process is conducted under an atmosphere containing a fluorinated gas.
- fluorinated gases are delicate and creates significant risks to people.
- US Patent 5,415,220 discloses the use of molten salts of lithium chloride and potassium chloride to protect the surface of aluminum-lithium alloys during casting.
- the use of molten salts has the disadvantage of the risk of contamination of the liquid metal impurities and the difficulty of implementation.
- US Pat. No. 7,267,158 describes the forced addition of a wet gas, containing more than 0.005 kg / m 3 of water, to the surface of the molten metal so as to improve the surface quality of the cast ingots.
- this process has the disadvantage of bringing water vapor and liquid aluminum into contact despite the explosion hazards associated with contact with water and liquid aluminum.
- a first object of the invention is a method for casting an aluminum alloy containing at least about 0.1% Mg and / or at least about 0.1% Li in which contact is made during contact. solidification of a liquid surface of said alloy with a dry gas comprising at least about 2% by volume of oxygen and whose partial pressure in water is less than about 150 Pa.
- a second object of the invention is the use in a casting installation of aluminum alloys containing at least about 0.1% Mg and / or at least about 0.1% Li of a dry gas comprising at least about 2% by volume of oxygen and whose partial pressure of water is less than about 150 Pa on a liquid surface of said aluminum alloy in order to minimize oxidation thereof.
- Figure 1 general diagram of a semi-continuous vertical casting installation.
- Figure 2 diagram of a vertical casting installation including a device for supplying a flow of dried gas.
- Figure 3 diagram of a device for supplying a dry gas flow for the casting of plates.
- Figure 4 diagram of the thermo-balance used in Example 1.
- Figure 5 evolution of the weight gain over time for the experiments carried out with the alloy 7449 in the example 1.
- Figure 6 geometry evolution of the weight gain with the time for the experiments carried out with the alloy AA5182 in Example 1
- Figure 7 Evolution of the weight gain over time for the experiments carried out with the AA2196 alloy in Example 1.
- Figure 8 Photographs of the surfaces obtained after the tests No. 7 (Fig. 8a) and No. 5 (Fig. 8b) of Example 1.
- the designation of the alloys follows the rules of The Aluminum Association, known to those skilled in the art.
- the chemical composition of standardized aluminum alloys is defined for example in the standard EN 573-3.
- a casting plant here refers to all the devices making it possible to transform a metal in any form into a semi-product of raw form via the liquid phase.
- a casting plant may comprise a number of devices such as one or more furnaces necessary for the melting of the metal and / or its maintenance in temperature and / or for operations of preparation of the liquid metal and adjustment of the composition, one or more several tanks (or “pouches") intended to carry out a treatment for removing impurities dissolved and / or suspended in the liquid metal, this treatment possibly consisting in filtering the liquid metal on a filter medium in a "filtration bag” or to introduce into the bath a so-called “treatment” gas that can be inert or reactive in a "degassing ladle", a device for solidifying the liquid metal (or “casting loom”), for example by vertical semi-continuous casting by direct cooling, horizontal casting, continuous casting of yarn, continuous casting of webs between rolls, continuous casting of webs
- the present inventors have found that, in contact with a dry gas comprising at least about 2% by volume of oxygen and whose partial water pressure is less than about 150 Pa, a surface of liquid aluminum s oxide that allows to achieve casting free of surface defects unacceptable.
- a dry gas comprising at least about 2% by volume of oxygen and whose partial water pressure is less than about 150 Pa.
- moisture contained in the air can limit the oxidation of aluminum alloys in the liquid state.
- this surprising effect is implemented in a casting process.
- the process according to the invention is useful for highly oxidizable aluminum alloys containing at least about 0.1% Mg and / or at least about 0.1% Li.
- the process according to the invention is particularly useful for the alloys of the families 2XXX, 3XXX, 5XXX, 6XXX, 7XXX or 8XXX, especially when these alloys do not contain a voluntary addition of beryllium and / or calcium.
- the process according to the invention is particularly advantageous for alloys containing less than 3 ppm of beryllium or even less than 1 ppm of beryllium and / or less than 15 ppm of calcium or even less than 5 ppm of calcium.
- the dried gas must contain at least about 2% by volume of oxygen and have a partial water pressure of less than about 150 Pa, preferably less than 100 Pa and even more preferably less than 70 Pa.
- the partial pressure of water is even less than 30 Pa, preferably less than 5 Pa and even more preferably less than 1 Pa.
- the partial water pressure of a gas is also known as vapor pressure.
- the partial pressure of a perfect gas i in a mixture of perfect gases of total pressure P is defined as the pressure which would be exerted by the molecules of the gas i if this gas occupied alone all the volume offered to the mixture.
- the dew point of a gas is the temperature at which, while keeping current barometric conditions unchanged, the gas becomes saturated with water vapor.
- a partial water pressure of 150 Pa corresponds to a dew point of -17.9 ° C. and to a quantity of water of 0.0013 kg / m 3 at this temperature.
- a partial pressure of water of 100 Pa corresponds to a dew point of -22.6 ° C. and to a quantity of water of 0.0009 kg / m 3 at this temperature.
- Partial pressure of water of 70 Pa corresponds to a dew point of -26.5 ° C. and to a quantity of water of 0.0006 kg / m 3 at this temperature.
- the dried gas also advantageously comprises at least one gas chosen from air, helium, argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, combustion products of natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, natural gas, organic fluorinated compounds, organic chlorinated compounds.
- the addition of carbon dioxide to the dried gas can in some cases improve the antioxidant effect.
- the dried gas comprises between 1 and 10% by volume of CO 2 .
- the CO 2 content of the dried gas is less than 1% by volume or even less than 0.1% by volume in another advantageous embodiment of the invention.
- said dried gas is essentially air dried by any appropriate means to achieve the desired partial water pressure.
- the dried gas is brought into contact with a liquid surface of aluminum alloy during most of the solidification of said alloy.
- the contacting of the gas with the surface is preferably carried out so as to establish above this surface an atmosphere whose water content is substantially equal, generally less than 10% or 20%, to that of the dried gas, that is to say, to avoid a significant diffusion of water vapor from the ambient air in said atmosphere.
- this flow it is advantageous for this flow to be sufficient with respect to the liquid surface subjected to the dewatered flow so as to establish the said atmosphere, if this flow is too low, the composition of said atmosphere may be too influenced by the external atmosphere and its water content may no longer correspond to the desired content.
- the liquid surface of the aluminum alloy brought into contact with the dried gas represents at least 10%, preferably at least 25% and even more preferably at least 50% of the total liquid surface of said aluminum alloy.
- a liquid surface of the aluminum alloy is kept in contact with the dried gas during most of the solidification.
- the contact between the liquid surface and the dried gas may possibly be removed before the end of the casting, especially when an area is reached which will be cut off during the following operations.
- a liquid surface of the aluminum alloy is kept in contact with the dried gas for at least 50% or even at least 90% of the solidification.
- the present invention is applicable to various casting processes and preferably to a casting process selected from vertical direct-flow semi-continuous casting, horizontal casting, continuous casting of yarn, continuous casting of rolls between rolls, continuous casting of caterpillar belts ("belt caster”).
- the semi-continuous vertical casting process by direct cooling of aluminum alloys is a preferred method in the context of the present invention.
- an aluminum alloy is cast in a mold having a false bottom, vertically and continuously displacing the false bottom so as to maintain a level of liquid metal that is substantially constant during the solidification of the alloy, the solidified faces being cooled directly with water.
- Figure 1 illustrates this process.
- An aluminum alloy is fed via a conduit (4) into an ingot mold (3) placed on a false bottom (21).
- the aluminum alloy solidifies by direct cooling (5).
- the solidifying aluminum alloy (1) has at least one solid surface (11, 12, 13) and at least one oxide-coated liquid aluminum alloy surface, which is called “liquid surface” in the present description (14, 15).
- a descender (2) allows to gradually lower the alloy during solidification so as to maintain the vertical position of the liquid aluminum surface (14, 15) substantially constant.
- the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous for the casting of plates and billets by vertical semi-continuous casting by direct cooling.
- the process according to the invention is particularly advantageous for the casting of large plates, in particular of section greater than 0.5 m 2 .
- the device may in particular be (i) integrated with or fixed to an ingot mold so as to introduce the dried gas from the periphery of the liquid surface towards its center, (ii) positioned above the liquid surface so as to introduce the dried gas substantially perpendicular to the liquid surface, iii) fixed around a liquid metal injector so as to introduce the dried gas from the center of the liquid surface to its periphery and / or from the periphery to the center, and / or iv) be constituted by any combination of these devices.
- FIG. 2 An advantageous device for supplying the gas in the case of vertical direct-cooling semi-continuous casting is illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the dried gas is supplied by means of a device ( 6) fixed around the liquid metal injector (4) so that the dried gas flow (7) is directed from the core of said liquid surface towards its periphery and / or from the periphery to the core in the region of injection of the liquid metal.
- the gas supply device can be fixed on a dam retaining the oxides ("dirt dam") which is positioned around the injection zone of the liquid metal.
- the dried gas of the casting process according to the invention can also be used in other parts of a casting plant on a liquid surface of aluminum alloys containing at least about 0.1% Mg and / or less about 0.1% Li, to minimize oxidation.
- a casting installation comprises several other devices in which liquid surfaces of aluminum alloy are in contact with the atmosphere.
- the dried gas can advantageously be used to limit the oxidation of the liquid surface of alloys in an oven, in particular of fusion or of maintenance, in a treatment tank such as a filtration bag or a degassing bag or in a transfer channel such than a chute.
- the dried gas is also used in at least one oven, in particular for melting or holding and / or in at least one treatment tank such as a filtration bag or a degassing bag. and / or in at least one transfer channel such as a chute.
- at least one treatment tank such as a filtration bag or a degassing bag.
- transfer channel such as a chute.
- the products obtained by a process according to the invention and / or by a use according to the invention may optionally be wrought in particular by rolling, spinning and / or forging, so as to obtain in particular sheets and profiles.
- the invention makes it possible in particular to cast the most oxidizable aluminum alloys, in particular aluminum alloys containing magnesium and / or lithium, without using additives such as beryllium and / or calcium and without using any device and / or expensive gas while obtaining cast ingots free of surface defects and pollution, safely.
- the oxidation of the liquid metal was measured by thermogravimetric analysis.
- a crucible containing the liquid metal is kept at a controlled temperature.
- This crucible contains about 5 kg of metal, for a diameter of 100 mm.
- the significant size of these experiments which makes it possible to take into account macroscopic effects can explain differences with the experiments carried out on very small quantities often reported in the prior art.
- the mass of the sample is weighed continuously. Weight gain is due to the oxidation of the liquid metal.
- FIG. 4 A diagram illustrating this experiment is presented in FIG. 4.
- the dried gas (7) is supplied to the surface of the liquid metal (14) by a metal tube (6) with an inside diameter of 4 mm, arranged obliquely with respect to this surface.
- the scale (92) continuously measures the weight of the crucible (93) and its contents in situ in the oven (91).
- the distance between the orifice of the metal tube and the surface of the liquid metal was 120 mm.
- the air used can be dried until a partial water pressure of less than 70 Pa is reached.
- Three alloys were studied: alloys AA7449, AA2196 and AA5182.
- the conditions of the various tests are summarized in Table 1. In all tests, the beryllium and calcium content were similar and less than 1 ppm and 10 ppm, respectively.
- Figure 5 shows the results obtained with AA7449 alloy. Significantly lower weight gains are obtained for test 5 for which a very dry airflow has been achieved. The bringing into contact of a liquid surface with dry air whose partial pressure in water is still 600 Pa (dew point of -0.2 0 C, test 9) or even 180 Pa (dew point -15.6 0 C, test 8) do not significantly limit the oxidation. Similarly, the ambient air does not limit the oxidation with or without flow (tests 6 and 7), which excludes a purely mechanical effect related to a gas flow.
- Figure 6 shows the results obtained with AA5182 alloy. This alloy also shows a significantly lower oxidation in the presence of a very dry air flow.
- Figure 7 shows the results obtained with AA2196 alloy. It is again found for this alloy a significantly lower oxidation in the presence of a very dry air flow.
- Figure 8a is a photograph of the surface obtained after the test in the case of test 7 (ambient air). A very important oxidation is observed, leading to oxidation products in the form of dark-colored cauliflower.
- Figure 8b is a photograph of the surface obtained after the test in the case of test 5 (dry air). A uniform gray-gray surface corresponding to a thin film of oxide is observed.
- Rectangular section plates 446 mm x 2160 mm made of AA7449 alloy were poured vertically using a DC-cast semi-continuous casting plant, using AlTiC refining.
- the length of the plates obtained was between 900 mm and 4000 mm.
- the beryllium content of the alloy was less than 1 ppm and the calcium content was less than 15 ppm.
- FIG 3 illustrates the gas supply device that was used to supply dry air during the casting of the plates.
- the device consists of 4 tubes (611, 612, 621 and 622) regularly pierced with orifices (63) for injecting the dried gas (7) on the liquid surface of the aluminum alloy.
- the tubes are connected by screwed connections (9) to form a rectangle.
- the tubes are supplied with gas by two of these screwed connections, by two pipes (81) and (82).
- the dried gas was dry air with a partial water pressure of 60 Pa, in some cases containing 5% by volume of CO 2 .
- Table 2 describes the conditions of the various tests carried out as well as the results obtained. Table 2. Condition of casting tests and results obtained.
- test 22 bringing a liquid surface into contact with dry air made it possible to remove the deep grooves.
- test 23 the presence of dry air made it possible from the start to obtain a satisfactory surface quality for the cast plates (a few short (-40 mm) and shallow vertical furrows).
- the increase of the air flow 5 sec has made it possible to remove the grooves.
- the effect of the presence of CO 2 in the dried gas on the surface quality is, if it exists, second order with respect to the effect of the partial water pressure. Thus for the test 23, a satisfactory result is obtained in the absence of CO 2 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
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Claims
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DE602010003451T DE602010003451T8 (de) | 2009-02-20 | 2010-02-15 | Giessverfahren für aluminiumlegierungen |
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FR0900780A FR2942479B1 (fr) | 2009-02-20 | 2009-02-20 | Procede de coulee pour alliages d'aluminium |
US28659409P | 2009-12-15 | 2009-12-15 | |
PCT/FR2010/000122 WO2010094852A1 (fr) | 2009-02-20 | 2010-02-15 | Procédé de coulée pour alliages d'aluminium |
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EP2398609A1 true EP2398609A1 (fr) | 2011-12-28 |
EP2398609B1 EP2398609B1 (fr) | 2012-10-31 |
EP2398609B2 EP2398609B2 (fr) | 2022-01-19 |
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EP10707100.3A Active EP2398609B2 (fr) | 2009-02-20 | 2010-02-15 | Procédé de coulée pour alliages d'aluminium |
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US (1) | US8302657B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2398609B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101742330B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102325611B (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI1008406A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2753089C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602010003451T8 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2398633T5 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2942479B1 (fr) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8479802B1 (en) | 2012-05-17 | 2013-07-09 | Almex USA, Inc. | Apparatus for casting aluminum lithium alloys |
US8365808B1 (en) | 2012-05-17 | 2013-02-05 | Almex USA, Inc. | Process and apparatus for minimizing the potential for explosions in the direct chill casting of aluminum lithium alloys |
RU2675127C2 (ru) | 2013-02-04 | 2018-12-17 | ОЛМЕКС ЮЭсЭй, ИНК. | Способ и устройство для минимизации взрывного потенциала при литье с прямым охлаждением сплавов алюминия и лития |
US9936541B2 (en) | 2013-11-23 | 2018-04-03 | Almex USA, Inc. | Alloy melting and holding furnace |
EP3259544B1 (fr) | 2015-02-18 | 2021-09-29 | Inductotherm Corp. | Fours de fusion et de maintien à induction électrique pour des métaux et des alliages réactifs |
CN109158575A (zh) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-01-08 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | 一种大型镁合金浇注防燃方法 |
CN110193588B (zh) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-12 | 东北大学 | 一种铝锂合金低频方波电磁连铸装置及方法 |
CN111036869A (zh) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-21 | 西南铝业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种铸造工艺及铸造系统 |
CN118064747B (zh) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-07-09 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | 一种铝锂合金铸锭高安全性的制备方法 |
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US2160393A (en) † | 1936-11-16 | 1939-05-30 | George M Trefts | Pressure vessel of the boiler type and method of producing same |
US2336512A (en) | 1939-09-19 | 1943-12-14 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum base alloy |
GB745769A (en) † | 1952-12-15 | 1956-02-29 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Improvements in or relating to the treatment of light metals |
GB1065806A (en) † | 1965-04-01 | 1967-04-19 | Foseco Int | Treatment of molten metals |
GB2129345B (en) | 1982-10-15 | 1986-03-12 | Alcan Int Ltd | Continuous casting of aluminium alloy |
GB8309349D0 (en) * | 1983-04-06 | 1983-05-11 | Alcan Int Ltd | Heat treatment of aluminium alloys containing lithium |
EP0142341B1 (fr) * | 1983-11-10 | 1988-07-13 | Aluminum Company Of America | Coulée continue |
US4709740A (en) * | 1983-11-10 | 1987-12-01 | Aluminum Company Of America | Direct chill casting of aluminum-lithium alloys |
US4582118A (en) | 1983-11-10 | 1986-04-15 | Aluminum Company Of America | Direct chill casting under protective atmosphere |
US4607679A (en) * | 1984-12-06 | 1986-08-26 | Aluminum Company Of America | Providing oligomer moisture barrier in direct chill casting of aluminum-lithium alloy |
JPS6274030A (ja) † | 1985-09-27 | 1987-04-04 | Showa Alum Corp | アルミニウム溶湯の処理方法 |
JPS62240141A (ja) † | 1986-04-11 | 1987-10-20 | Showa Alum Corp | 溶融金属処理装置 |
FR2607739B1 (fr) * | 1986-12-03 | 1989-04-14 | Cegedur | Procede et dispositif de coulee dans une fosse, sans risque d'explosion, de l'aluminium et de ses alliages, notamment avec le lithium |
JPH0237954A (ja) † | 1988-07-27 | 1990-02-07 | Asahi Tec Corp | 低圧鋳造装置 |
US4987950A (en) * | 1989-06-14 | 1991-01-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method and apparatus for controlling the heat transfer of liquid coolant in continuous casting |
US5415220A (en) | 1993-03-22 | 1995-05-16 | Reynolds Metals Company | Direct chill casting of aluminum-lithium alloys under salt cover |
JP2000176606A (ja) † | 1998-12-17 | 2000-06-27 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 高純度アルミニウムおよび合金の連続鋳造材の製造方法、該鋳造材、並びにそれを用いたアルミニウム合金単結晶ターゲット |
US6412164B1 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2002-07-02 | Alcoa Inc. | Aluminum alloys having improved cast surface quality |
US7267158B2 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2007-09-11 | Alcoa Inc. | Control of oxide growth on molten aluminum during casting using a high moisture atmosphere |
JP4504914B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-19 | 2010-07-14 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | アルミニウム鋳塊の製造方法、アルミニウム鋳塊、およびアルミニウム鋳塊の製造用保護ガス |
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- 2010-02-15 BR BRPI1008406A patent/BRPI1008406A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-02-15 CN CN2010800087518A patent/CN102325611B/zh active Active
- 2010-02-15 ES ES10707100T patent/ES2398633T5/es active Active
- 2010-02-15 EP EP10707100.3A patent/EP2398609B2/fr active Active
- 2010-02-15 WO PCT/FR2010/000122 patent/WO2010094852A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2010-02-15 DE DE602010003451T patent/DE602010003451T8/de active Active
- 2010-02-16 US US12/706,617 patent/US8302657B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102325611B (zh) | 2013-09-04 |
US8302657B2 (en) | 2012-11-06 |
FR2942479B1 (fr) | 2011-02-25 |
BRPI1008406A2 (pt) | 2016-03-15 |
ES2398633T3 (es) | 2013-03-20 |
KR20110128880A (ko) | 2011-11-30 |
DE602010003451T8 (de) | 2013-04-25 |
CA2753089A1 (fr) | 2010-08-26 |
US20100212855A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
WO2010094852A1 (fr) | 2010-08-26 |
DE10707100T1 (de) | 2012-09-06 |
CA2753089C (fr) | 2019-02-26 |
EP2398609B2 (fr) | 2022-01-19 |
EP2398609B1 (fr) | 2012-10-31 |
KR101742330B1 (ko) | 2017-05-31 |
ES2398633T5 (es) | 2022-05-06 |
CN102325611A (zh) | 2012-01-18 |
US20110209843A2 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
FR2942479A1 (fr) | 2010-08-27 |
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