EP2116666A1 - Fastening system for panels and panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The slabs (2,3) have profiled edges (4,5) which lock together. The first edge has a tongue (6) which projects into a groove (20) in the second profile. The top part of the first edge (9) projects further forward than the bottom part (8). The bottom part (21) of the second edge projects further forward than the top part (22). The bottom surface (7) of the tongue on the first edge is convex and matches a concave portion (23) in the groove. The top surface of the tongue is horizontal at the root, then slopes gently downwards. The bottom of the groove is of rectangular cross-section.

Description

The invention relates to a floor covering, a panel and a fastening system for panels with arranged on the narrow sides of the panels retaining profiles, in particular for floor panels, with opposite retaining profiles are designed as complementary form-fitting profiles.

The fastening system for panels is used in particular for floor panels to be laid on a substrate and the narrow sides are provided with retaining profiles, the retaining profile of a long narrow side and the holding profile of the opposite narrow side and the holding profiles of the other two short narrow sides of a panel match each other, that at the free narrow sides of a laid panel more panels are fastened, at least the holding profiles of the long narrow sides of the panels formed as mutually associated form-fitting profiles and the panels by a rotating joining movement are fastened to each other, that the positive locking profile of the long narrow sides of a panel a recess and the opposite Narrow side of this panel has a mating projection, that the wall facing the ground of the recess has on the inside a cross section with a concave curvature and that the associated Form-fitting profile of the opposite narrow side of the panel has a projection which at its the underground facing bottom has a cross section with a convex curvature, and that the convex curvature of the projection and the concave curvature of the recess are formed substantially complementary.

Fastening systems of the type mentioned hold panels together in the finished state by a positive connection. In particular, floating flooring laid on a floor panels prevents a positive connection between the panels, the emergence of joints, which can be caused by thermal expansion or shortening in case of temperature drop, for example.

From the German Utility Model G 79 28 703 U1 a generic fastening system is known. Floor panels with such a form-locking profile can be very easily connected to each other by a rotating joining movement. The connection is in principle also suitable for multiple installation. The resulting positive connection is very stiff and thus prevents the formation of joints very reliable.

Disadvantageously, the known fastening system is only suitable for particularly flat substrates. For irregular, rough and undulating surfaces, a panel floor with the known fastening system nestles very poorly on the shape of the irregular ground. If, for example, a panel which in the installed state is held by the adjacent panels with a small amount of air over a corrugated ground is pressed under load onto the ground, then mutually attached floor panels bend through. This deflection claims in particular the joints with the interlocking positive locking profiles. Depending on the load, the interconnected panels are bent downwards or upwards and thereby pushed out of the normal laying plane. Because of the high rigidity of the compound is a high load in the weak cross sections of the positive locking profiles, which are damaged very quickly. The damage progresses rapidly until a projection or recess wall breaks.

Even with a flat surface panels can suffer an alternating deflection, namely, if on the ground a soft liner, such as a sound insulation film or the like is laid. At a loaded point, the intermediate layer is pressed in and the panels bend at their connection points.

The invention is therefore the object of developing the known fastening system so that the rigidity of the connection of two interlocking form-fitting profiles is adapted to the stress that have to endure the compounds when laying the panels on an irregular surface.

According to the invention, the object is achieved in that an interlocking and yielding connection of the panels is made possible by the positive locking profiles.

The positive locking profiles of the long narrow sides of two panels form a common joint in the laid state of two panels. The surface facing away from the surface of the projection of a panel preferably has an oblique material removal, which extends to the free end of the projection.

Conveniently, the thickness of the projection is increasingly reduced by the material removal towards the free end. The removal of material creates a freedom of movement for the common joint.

The new design allows articulated movement of two interconnected panels. In particular, two interconnected panels can be bent upwards at the connection point. For example, if a panel on a surface with a survey, so that a narrow side of the panel is pressed under load on the ground and - seesawing the opposite narrow side upwards, so attached to the upwardly rocking narrow side second panel is moved upwards. However, the bending forces acting do not damage the narrow cross sections of the form-locking profiles. Instead, a joint movement takes place. A laid with the proposed fastening system floor thus has an adapted to irregular rough or corrugated surfaces compliance. The fastening system is therefore particularly suitable for panels for renovating irregular floors in old buildings. Of course, it is also better suited for laying panels on a soft intermediate layer than the known fastening system.

The construction takes into account the principle of "adapted deformability". This principle is based on the recognition that very stiff and thus supposedly stable joints cause high notch stresses and thus easily fail. To avoid this, components should be designed so that they have a tailored to the application compliance or "conformable deformability" and thus notch stresses are reduced.

In addition, the positive locking profiles are designed so that a load on the top of the floor panels in the laid state is transmitted from the top wall of the recess of a first panel in the projection of the second panel and the projection of the second panel in the bottom wall of the first panel. The walls of the recess of the first panel are in an installed state in contact with the top and bottom of the projection of the second panel. The upper wall however, the recess only makes contact with the projection of the second panel in a short area at the free end of the upper wall of the recess. In this way, the construction allows, with little elastic deformation of the walls of the recess, a hinge movement between the panel with the recess and the panel with the projection. In this way, the rigidity of the compound is best adapted to an irregular surface, which inevitably leads to a bending movement between panels attached to each other.

Another advantage is seen in the fact that panels with the fastening system according to the invention are better suited for multiple laying than panels with the known fastening system, because the panels with the fastening system according to the invention even after long use on an irregular surface have no pre-damage of the form-locking profiles. The positive locking profiles are dimensionally stable and durable. They can be used much longer and reused more often during their life cycle.

Advantageously, the convex curvature of the projection and the concave curvature of the recess essentially each form a circular section, wherein in the installed state, the circular center of the circular sections on the top of the projection or below the top of the projection is arranged. In the latter case, the circle center lies within the cross section of the projection.

This simple construction results in a joint whose convex curvature of the projection similar to a joint ball and the concave curvature of the recess are formed similar to a joint socket, which in contrast to a socket joint, of course, only a planar rotational movement but no spherical rotary motion is possible.

In a favorable development, the most projecting point of the convex curvature of the projection of a panel is arranged such that it is located approximately below the upper edge of the panel. This results in a relative to the total thickness of the panel relatively strong cross section for the projection. In addition, the concave curvature of the recess provides a sufficiently large undercut for the convex curvature of the projection, so that they are hardly moved apart by acting in the laying plane tensile forces.

The joint properties of two interconnected panels can be further improved if the wall facing the ground of the recess of a panel on its inside has an oblique material removal, which extends to the free end of the wall and the wall thickness of this wall is increasingly thinner to the free end. In this case, a space for movement of the common joint is created by the removal of material in the laid state of two panels. With this improvement, the proportion of elastic deformation of the walls of the recess during the upward deflection of the laid panels is further reduced.

It is also expedient if the recess of a panel for connection to the projection of another panel by a resilient deformation of its lower wall is widened and that the occurring during the joining resilient deformation of the lower wall in the finished connected state of two panels is withdrawn. The positive locking profiles are characterized elastically deformed only for the joining process and during a joint movement and, if they are not loaded, no elastic tension.

It is useful if the holding profiles of the short narrow sides of a panel also formed as mutually associated positive locking profiles and by a rectilinear joining movement can be attached to each other.

The retaining profiles of the short narrow side of a panel are simply provided with conventional approximately rectangular tongue and groove cross-sections. These are very simple and inexpensive to produce and can be particularly easy to bring by joining the long narrow sides of a panel by sliding sideways. Also, the long narrow sides of the panels can be pushed into each other along their entire length in a parallel direction.

Another development of the short narrow side of a panel provides that the cross sections of the positive locking profiles substantially correspond to the cross sections of the positive locking profiles of the long narrow sides of the panel. The ability to articulate two panels even on their short narrow sides, the resilience of a floor covering benefits.

Preferably, the positive locking profiles are integrally formed on the narrow sides of the panels. The panels can be produced very easily and with little waste.

The form-locking profiles according to the invention are particularly suitable if the panels essentially consist of an MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard), HDF (High Density Fiberboard) or particle board material. These materials are easy to process and obtain, for example, by a machining, a sufficient surface quality. In addition, these materials have a high dimensional stability of the milled profiles.

A further benefit is obtained if, in the laid state of the panels, the freedom of movement for the joint joints is provided with a soft-elastic hardening filler. This filler preferably closes all joints and in particular the top joint so that no moisture and no dirt can penetrate. In a joint movement of the interconnected panels, the soft elastic filler is squeezed or stretched depending on the direction of rotation of the joint movement. He always adheres to the contact surfaces of the narrow sides of the panels and takes on the decline of the joint movement back to its original shape. The filler contributes to the recovery of the joint by its elastic inner deformation.

An alternative embodiment of the fastening system provides that a short narrow side of a panel has a first hook element and the opposite short narrow side of the panel has a hook element complementary to the first hook element and that the hook elements are provided with retaining surfaces through which the panels in the assembled state are held against each other that results in a gap-free abutting surface of the panels on the short narrow sides.

To install the panels, the positive locking profiles of the long narrow sides of the panels must first be joined together. For this purpose, a panel is tilted and inserted with the projection of a long narrow side in the recess of the long narrow side of a laid panel. This forms the common joint. Dananch, the panel is held in the oblique position and moved in its longitudinal direction until it hits against the short narrow side of an adjacent panel. In this position, the hook elements of the short narrow sides of the adjacent panels overlap. Now, when the inclined panel is folded down by means of the joint, the overlapping hook elements fit together. This results in a rear engagement, which locks the panels against pulling in the longitudinal direction. By the hook elements, a degree of undercut can be achieved, which at About one third of the total panel thickness is. The type of locking the short narrow sides of the panels is reminiscent of laterally engaging behind roof tiles.

The first hook element is simply formed from a web which protrudes approximately perpendicularly from the short narrow side and is arranged on the top side of the panel, wherein a hook projection pointing towards the underside of the panel is arranged at the free end of the web and the second hook element protrudes from one protruding from the opposite short narrow side and arranged on the underside of the panel web formed, wherein at the free end of this web a pointing to the top panel hook projection is arranged.

The top of the panel goes from the area with the thickness of the complete panel with a thickness graduation into the web. The bridge has approximately a thickness which corresponds to one third of the panel thickness. The same goes for the bottom of the panel. Opposite the hook element of the upper side, the lower-side web extends from the area of the complete thickness of the panel with a thickness graduation into the web, which likewise has approximately one third of the thickness of the panel. The webs and the hook projections are thus formed relatively solid. Therefore, there is an improvement in strength and durability for the fastening system of the invention.

Advantageously, the hook projection of the lower-side web is in the mounted state of a panel on the upper-side web of a second panel. In addition, air is provided between the hook projection of the upper-side web of the second panel and the lower-side web of the first panel.

Of course, this is also reversible, so that air is provided between the hook projection of the lower-side web of the first panel and the upper-side web of the second panel is. It is important that always a pairing web / hook projection mated hook elements in the assembled state clearly abut each other and the other pairing web / hook projection of the same hook elements air. If the fastening system were constructed in such a way that both pairs of webs / hook projections abut one another, tolerances in the production of the retaining profiles would not achieve a clear fit and sometimes the one and the other pairing web / hook projection would abut.

A development of the fastening system provides that the retaining surfaces of the hook projections engage behind in such a way that they can be hooked into one another only by elastic deformation. In this way it can be prevented that the hook elements can be moved apart, for example because of an uneven ground under load. When loading a panel, the connected panel is moved in the same direction with the loaded panel. The joint stays together.

Simply, the retaining surfaces of the hook projections are inclined and taper the hook projections from their free ends to the webs out. Furthermore, the holding surfaces of complementary hooks are at least partially adjacent to each other. This is a simple design of the provided with an undercut hook projections, because as an undercut easily manufacturable planar support surface is provided.

A further benefit arises when the front side of the top hook projection of the one panel in the assembled state rests on the second panel at least in the area of the panel top and air is provided between the bottom hook projection of the second panel and the end face of the first panel. This measure in turn serves to create an always unique system of two connected panels by the structural design.

At the bottom of the panels, which is placed on a base, such as a screed, an air gap between the panels can be tolerated in the joint area.

An alternative embodiment with hook elements on the short narrow sides of the panel is constructed so that at least one of the end faces of one of the hook elements of the panels has at its free end a protruding detent element which engages in an undercut depression of the other hook element of the panel. This construction has proven to be particularly easy to handle, because the retaining profiles can be locked together with slight pressure and under elastic deformation. In addition, the holding elements have a good wear resistance, which favors a multiple installation. The wear resistance is good because different locking functions are exerted by different holding element areas and the stress of the holding element occurs so distributed. The panels are locked, for example, by the locking element and the depression perpendicular to the laying plane. The locking of the panels against pulling in the longitudinal direction, however, accomplished by the retaining surfaces of the hook projections.

Simply, the protruding latching element of the first panel is formed as a bead which extends over the entire length of the narrow side and the undercut recess of the second panel is formed as an elongated throat, which receives the bead in the assembled state. For joining bead and throat must be interlocked under elastic deformation of the hook elements.

This embodiment of the fastening system is suitable, if no gluing is carried out, particularly well for multiple installation. In order to resume laid panels, it is expedient first to lift a row of adjacent panels in such a way that they rotate obliquely upwards in the hinge. Then, the projections are pulled in an oblique direction from the recesses and taken apart the joint. The panels are then connected only on the short narrow sides. It is advisable to pull apart the interlocking holding elements of the short narrow sides in their longitudinal extent, in order to avoid material-fatiguing deformation of the hook elements in this way during disassembly.

A further improvement is seen in that the areas provided with air in the assembled state of two panels form glue pockets. In addition to the use of the proposed attachment system for glue-free installation of floor panels, it is particularly well suited for bonding with glue. For this purpose, those points of the holding profiles, which must be provided with glue, for example, in an instruction manual or by markings on the retaining profile itself be marked. In this way, the user can attach glue there very exactly where resulting in the assembled state of two panels glue bags.

In the predominant applications of the floor panels, the glued laying is considered to be the most convenient method of laying. This is because the durability of the panels is significantly improved. The gluing of the holding profiles has the effect that penetration of dirt and moisture into the joints is almost prevented. The moisture absorption and the swelling of the panels in the joining area of the holding profiles is thereby minimized.

Of course, use cases may occur for which a glue-free installation is to be preferred. For example, if a floor covering is frequently relocated resumed and must be relocated, for example, in floors in trade fair construction.

Preferably, the panels are formed from a coated carrier and the holding profiles integrally formed on the narrow sides of the panels. It has been found that the strength of modern carriers, such as medium density fiberboard (MDF) or high density fiberboard (HDF), which are provided with an abrasion resistant wear layer, are particularly suitable for use of the proposed fastening system. Even after repeated laying the retaining profiles are still in such good shape that a secure connection is possible even on uneven ground.

Fig. 1

ein Befestigungssystem ausschnittsweise anhand der Querschnitte zweier Paneele vor dem Ineinanderfügen,

Fig. 2

das Befestigungssystem gemäß Fig. 1 im aneinander befestigten Zustand,

Fig. 3

einen Fügevorgang, bei dem der Vorsprung eines Paneels in Pfeilrichtung in die Aussparung eines zweiten Paneels gesteckt und das erste Paneel nachfolgend mit einer Drehbewegung arretiert wird,

Fig. 4

einen weiteren Fügevorgang, bei dem der Vorsprung eines ersten Paneels parallel zur Verlegeebene in die Aussparung eines zweiten Paneels eingeschoben wird,

Fig. 5

das Befestigungssystem im befestigten Zustand gemäß Fig. 2, wobei das gemeinsame Gelenk aus der Verlegeebene nach oben bewegt ist und die beiden Paneele einen Knick bilden,

Fig. 6

das Befestigungssystem im verlegten Zustand gemäß Fig. 2, wobei das Gelenk aus der Verlegeebene nach unten bewegt ist und die beiden Paneele einen Knick bilden,

Fig. 7

ein Befestigungssystem im verlegten Zustand zweier Paneele mit einem Füllstoff zwischen den Formschlußprofilen der Schmalseiten.

Fig. 8

besondere Halteprofile für die kurzen Schmalseiten eines Paneels im ineinandergefügten Zustand,

Fig. 9

eine weitere Ausführungsform besonderer Halteprofile für die kurzen Schmalseiten eines Paneels im ineinandergefügten Zustand,

Fig.10

eine schematische Darstellung eines Halteprofils mit einem unterseitigen Steg sowie einer Darstellung zweier Zerspanungswerkzeuge zur Herstellung der Hinterschneidung,

Fig.11

eine dritte Ausführungsform besonderer Halteprofile für die kurzen Schmalseiten eines Paneels im ineinandergefügten Zustand,

Fig.12

eine Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 11, die um ein zusätzliches Rastelement ergänzt ist,

The invention is illustrated by way of example in a drawing and based on the FIGS. 1 to 6 described in detail. Show it:

Fig. 1

a fastening system in sections based on the cross sections of two panels before joining,

Fig. 2

the fastening system according to Fig. 1 in the attached state,

Fig. 3

a joining process in which the projection of a panel is inserted in the direction of the arrow in the recess of a second panel and the first panel is subsequently locked with a rotational movement,

Fig. 4

a further joining process, in which the projection of a first panel is inserted parallel to the laying plane into the recess of a second panel,

Fig. 5

the fastening system in the attached state according to Fig. 2 in which the common joint is moved upwards from the laying plane and the two panels form a kink,

Fig. 6

the fastening system in the installed state according to Fig. 2 in which the joint is moved downwards from the laying plane and the two panels form a kink,

Fig. 7

a fastening system in the installed state of two panels with a filler between the form-locking profiles of the narrow sides.

Fig. 8

special holding profiles for the short narrow sides of a panel in the interlocked state,

Fig. 9

a further embodiment of special holding profiles for the short narrow sides of a panel in the nested state,

Figure 10

1 a schematic representation of a holding profile with a lower-side web and a representation of two cutting tools for producing the undercut,

fig.11

a third embodiment of special holding profiles for the short narrow sides of a panel in the nested state,

Figure 12

an embodiment according to Fig. 11 , which is supplemented by an additional locking element,

After the drawing, the fastening system 1 is explained using the example of elongate rectangular panels 2 and 3, of which in Fig. 1 a section is shown. The fastening system 1 has arranged on the narrow sides of the panels holding profiles, which are formed as complementary positive locking profiles 4 and 5. The opposite positive locking profiles of a panel are each formed complementary. In this way, to any already laid panel 2 another panel 3 are attached.

The positive locking profiles 4 and 5 are based on the prior art of the German utility model G 79 28 703 U1. In particular, on the form-locking profiles of the embodiment, which is disclosed in Figures 14, 15 and 16 and in the associated description part of G 79 28 703 U1.

The positive locking profiles according to the invention are developed such that they allow an articulated and resilient connection of panels.

One of the positive locking profiles 4 of the present invention is provided with a projecting from the narrow side projection 6. The underside of the projection 6, which faces the base in the installed state, has a cross-section with a convex curvature 7 for the purpose of the articulated connection. The convex curvature 7 is rotatably mounted in the complementary form-locking profile 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the convex curvature 7 is formed in a circular section. The arranged below the projection 6 part 8 of the narrow side of the panel 3, which faces in the installed state of the base, is further from the free end of the projection 6 than the above the projection 6 arranged part 9 of the narrow side. In the embodiment shown, the portion 8 of the narrow side arranged below the projection 6 recedes approximately twice as far from the free end of the projection 6 as the portion 9 of the narrow side arranged above the projection 6. This is due to the fact that the circular portion of the convex curvature 7 is formed relatively wide. As a result, the most projecting point of the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 is arranged so that it is located approximately below the upper edge 10 of the panel 3.

The above the projection 6 arranged part 9 of the narrow side occurs at the top of the panel 3 from the narrow side and forms a joint abutment surface 9a. Between this joint abutment surface 9a and the projection 6 of the panel 3, the part 9 of the narrow side is reset. This ensures that the part 9 of the narrow side always forms a closed top-side joint with the complementary narrow side of another panel 2.

The convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 opposite upper side of the projection 6 has a short straight portion 11, which is also arranged parallel to the substrate U in the installed state. From this short portion 11 to the free end, the top of the projection 6 has an inclined material removal 12, which extends to the free end of the projection 6.

The complementary to the discussed form-locking profile 4 positive locking profile 5 a narrow side has a recess 20. This is essentially limited by a lower in the installed state the substrate U facing wall 21 and an upper wall 22. On the inside of the recess 20, the lower wall 21 is provided with a concave curvature 23. This comes to the function of a bearing shell. The concave curvature 23 is also formed in a circular section. In order for the relatively wide concave curvature 23 to fit on the lower wall 21 of the recess 20, the lower wall 21 protrudes farther from the narrow side of the panel 2 than the upper wall 22. The concave curvature 23 forms at the free end of the lower wall 21 an undercut. In the finished laid state of two panels 2 and 3, this undercut is engaged behind by the projection 6 of the associated form-locking profile 4 of the adjacent panel 3. The degree of Hintergreifung, the difference between the thickest point of the free end of the lower wall and the thickness of the lower wall at the lowest point of the concave curvature 23 is tuned so that a good compromise between an articulated compliance of two panels 2 and 3 and a good stop against pulling apart the Positive locking profiles 4 and 5 is given in the laying plane.

The fastening system of the prior art according to the figures 14, 15 and 16 of the utility model G 79 28 703 U1, in contrast, has a significantly greater degree of undercut. This results in extremely stiff joints that cause high stress due to the stress on an irregular surface U.

The inside of the upper wall 22 of the recess 20 of the panel 2 is arranged according to the embodiment in the installed state parallel to the substrate U.

On the ground U facing the lower wall 21 of the recess 20 of the panel 2, the inside of the wall 21 has an inclined material removal 24, which extends to the free end of the lower wall 21. As a result, the wall thickness of this wall becomes increasingly thinner towards the free end. The material removal 24 adjoins the one end of the concave curvature 23 according to the exemplary embodiment.

The projection 6 of the panel 3 and the recess 20 of the panel 2 form, as in the Fig. 2 to see a common joint G. The above-discussed material removal 12 at the top of the projection 6 of the panel 3 and the material removal 24 of the lower wall 21 of the recess 20 of the panel 2 create in the installed state of the panels 2 and 3 movement clearances 13 and 25, which allow the joint G in a small angular range rotation.

In the installed state, the short straight portion 11 of the top of the projection 6 of the panel 3 is in contact with the inside of the upper wall 22 of the recess 20 of the panel 2. In addition, the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 bears against the concave curvature 23 of the lower wall 21 of the recess 20 of the panel 2.

The top facing side joint abutment surfaces 9a and 26 of two connected panels 2 and 3 are always clearly on each other. In practice, a simultaneous exact contact of the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 of the panel 3 to the concave curvature 23 of the recess 20 of the panel 2 is not possible. Manufacturing tolerances would cause either the joint abutment surfaces 9a and 26 abut each other exactly or projection 6 / recess 20 exactly abut each other. In practice, the positive locking profiles are therefore designed so that the joint abutment surfaces 9a and 26 always exactly abut each other and projection 6 / recess 20 for an exact system can not be moved sufficiently far into each other. However, since the manufacturing tolerances are in the order of one hundredth of a millimeter, also projection 6 / recess 20 nestle almost exactly against each other.

Panels 2 and 3 with the described complementary positive locking profiles 4 and 5 can be fastened to each other in various ways. To Fig. 3 is a panel 2 already laid with a recess 20, while a second panel 3 is inserted obliquely with a complementary projection 6 in the direction of arrow P in the recess 20 of the first panel 2. Thereafter, the second panel 3 is rotated about the common circle center K of the circular portions of the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 and the concave curvature 23 of the recess 20 until the second panel 3 rests on the substrate U.

Another type of joining of the discussed panels 2 and 3 is in Fig. 4 shown, after which the first panel 2 is laid with a recess 20 and a second panel 3 is moved with a projection 6 in the laying plane and perpendicular to the positive locking profiles 4 and 5 in the direction of arrow P until the walls 21 and 22 of the recess 20 a little elastically expand and the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6, the undercut at the front end of the concave curvature 23 of the bottom wall has overcome and the final laying position is reached.

The latter type of joining is preferably used for the short narrow sides of a panel, if they are provided with the same complementary positive locking profiles 4 and 5, as the long narrow sides of the panels.

In Fig. 5 the fastening system 1 is shown in use. The panels 2 and 3 lie on an irregular surface U. The first panel 2 with the form-locking profile 5 has been loaded on its upper side. As a result, the narrow side of the panel 2 has been raised with the positive locking profile 5. The positive locking profile 4 connected to the positive locking profile 4 of the panel 3 has been lifted with. The joint G results in a kink between the two panels 2 and 3. The movement clearances 13 and 25 make room for the rotational movement of the joint. The joint G formed from both panels 2 and 3 has been moved a little way out of the laying plane upwards. The movement clearance 13 has been completely utilized for the rotation, so that the upper side of the projection 6 of the panel 3 rests against the inside of the wall 22 of the panel 2 in the region of the material removal 12. The joint is inherently resilient and does not impose any unnecessary and material-fatigue bending load on the positive-engagement profiles 4 and 4 involved.

The damage occurring in form-locking profiles according to the prior art early damage by breakage of the projection or the walls of the form-locking profiles is thus avoided.

Another advantage arises in a joint movement according to the Fig. 5 , This can be seen in the fact that the two panels fall back to their laying level after being relieved of their own weight. A slight elastic deformation of the walls of the recess is also present in this case. This elastic deformation supports the falling back of the panels in the laying plane. It comes only to a very small elastic deformation, because the pivot point of the joint, which is defined by the circular portion-shaped bulges 7 and 23, is located within the cross section of the projection 6 of the panel 3.

In Fig. 6 is a joint movement of two laid panels 2 and 3 shown in the opposite direction of rotation. The laid on an irregular surface U panels 2 and 3 are bent downwards. The construction is designed so that when a buckling of the joint from the laying plane to the substrate U towards a much greater elastic deformation of the lower wall 21 of the recess 20 occurs as in the buckling from the laying plane upwards. The purpose of this measure is to be seen in the fact that the downwardly bent through panels 2 and 3 can not return to the laying level by unloading their own weight. The stronger elastic deformation of the lower wall 21 of the recess 20, however, generates a clamping force which moves the panels 2 and 3 after relieving immediately resiliently back into the laying plane.

The described positive locking profiles 4 and 5 are present integrally formed on the narrow sides of the panels 2 and 3. This is preferably done by a so-called formatting process, in which the form-fitting profiles 4 and 5 with several series-connected milling tools mill the shape of the narrow sides of the panels 2 and 3 in one pass. The panels 2 and 3 of the described embodiment consist essentially of an MDF board with a thickness of 8 mm. The MDF board is wear-resistant and has a decorative coating on top. There is a so-called counteracting layer on the underside, which compensates for the residual stresses caused by the top coating.

Finally shows Fig. 7 two panels 2 and 3 in the laid state, wherein a fastening system 1 with a soft-elastic hardening filler 30 is used. The filler 30 is provided between all adjoining parts of the form-fitting connected narrow sides. In particular, the top-side joint 31 is closed with the filler, so that no moisture and no dirt can penetrate. In addition, caused in the bent state of two panels 2 and 3 in itself deformed filler 30 by its elasticity a provision of the panels 2 and 3 in the laying plane.

Fig. 8 represents special holding profiles, which are provided for the short narrow sides of panels 40 and 41. Each panel has matching holding profiles 42 and 43 with complementary hook elements 44 and 45 on opposite short narrow sides. In this way, a right-hand retaining profile 42 of a first panel 40 can always be connected to a left-hand retaining profile 43 of a second panel 41. In Fig. 8 the short narrow sides of the panels 40 and 41 are shown in the nested state. The hook element 44 is formed from a web 46 which protrudes approximately perpendicularly from the narrow side and is arranged on the panel top O. In this case, at the free end of the web 46 a to the bottom V of the panels 40 and 41 facing hook projection 47 is arranged. The hook projection 47 is engaged with a hook projection 48 of the second panel 41. The hook element 45 of the second panel 41 is formed from a web 49 which projects from the narrow side of the second panel 41 and is arranged on the underside V of the second panel 41. The hook projection 48 is arranged at the free end of the web 49 and faces the panel top O of the panel 40. The hook projections 47 and 48 and the two panels 40 and 41 are interlocked.

The hook projection 48 of the second panel 41 with the lower side web 49 rests against the upper side web 46 of the first panel 40 in the assembled state of the second panel 41. For the purpose of a clear investment is between the hook projection 47 of the upper-side land 46 of the first panel 40 and the lower-side land 49 of the second panel 41 are provided with air L1 in the present embodiment.

According to Fig. 8 engage behind holding surfaces 50 and 51 of the hook projections 47 and 48 such that the hook projections 47 and 48 are hooked into each other only by elastic deformation. Between the inner surface 52 of the holding profile 43 of the second panel 41 and the opposite holding surface 50 of the hook projection 48, an opening is formed which has the width a at its narrowest point. This is less than the width b of the hook projection 47 of the first panel 40 at its widest point. By this design and by the elastic deformation when joining the hook projections 47 and 48, there is a snapping of the complementary hook projections 47 and 48 in a defined end position. In the present embodiment, the holding surfaces 50 and 51 of the hook projections 47 and 48 are kept simple and formed as inclined flat surfaces. From the free ends, the hook projections 47 and 48 taper toward the webs 46 and 49. In the present embodiment, as in FIG Fig. 8 recognizable, the holding surface 51 of the hook projection 47 of the first panel 40 at the upper and the lower end rounded. The same applies to the holding surface 50 of the hook projection 48 of the second panel 41. This assists the interlocking of the hook projections 47 and 48, in which the holding profiles 42 and 43 are slowly elastically expanded during a joining movement running perpendicular to the laying plane. This facilitates the installation and protects the retaining profiles 42 and 43.

The abutting support surfaces 50 and 51 of the cooperating panels 40 and 41 therefore nestle against each other in some areas. The resulting gaps may advantageously serve as glue pockets 53.

Furthermore, between the end face 54 of the lower-side hook projection 48 of the second panel 41 and the inner surface 55 of the first panel 40 air L2 is provided. The resulting gap can also serve as a glue pocket 53. The same applies to the end face 56 of the upper-side hook projection 4 of the first panel 40, which rests in the mounted state at least in the region of the panel top O and on the second panel 41. Below the panel top O and toward the interior of the connection, in the present exemplary embodiment, a gap widens, which is likewise designed as a glue pocket 53.

A second embodiment of a fastening system is in the Fig. 9 illustrated. In this same technical features are provided with the same reference numerals, as in Fig. 8 , The embodiment according to FIG. 9 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 8 in that that of the two pairings web 49 / hook projection 47 or web 46 / hook projection 48, which bears against one another and which has the one which has an air gap L1, have changed. The basic function of the fastening system remains the same. This in turn results in a clear investment of the hook projection 47 and a seamless surface of the floor covering.

Fig. 10 shows a schematic representation of a panel 41 with a holding profile 43 according to the invention. Schematically is registered as the undercut contour of the hook projection 48 by means of two cutting tools W1 and W2, which rotate about the axes X1 and X2, can be produced. The tools W1 and W2 create a recess 57 in which a complementary hook projection of another panel (not shown) can be hooked snapping.

Finally, in Fig. 11 an alternative embodiment with special complementary retaining profiles 60 and 61 on the short narrow sides of panels 62 and 63 can be seen. Again hook elements 64 and 67 are provided which, like the above Embodiments have webs and hook projections. The embodiment according to Fig. 11 is constructed so that the end face 75 of the lower-side hook member 64 of the second panel 63 has at its free end a projecting locking element 65 which engages in an undercut recess 66 of the upper-side hook member 67 of the first panel 62. The hook elements 64 and 67 can be locked together with slight pressure and elastic deformation. The panels 62 and 63 are locked by the engaging in the recess 66 locking element 65 perpendicular to the laying plane. The locking of the panels 62 and 63 against pulling in the longitudinal direction thereof is accomplished by retaining surfaces 68 and 69 which are provided on hook projections 70 and 71 of the hook members 64 and 67.

The protruding latching element 65 of the second panel 63 is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a bead which extends over the entire length of the narrow side. The undercut recess 66 of the first panel 62 is formed as an elongate throat, which receives the bead in the assembled state. The bead and throat can be milled by so-called formatting in one production pass. To join the panels 62 and 63, the bead and the throat, respectively, must be interlocked under elastic deformation of the hook members 64 and 67.

In Fig. 12 a further embodiment is shown, which is based on the embodiment according to Fig. 11 based. Identical features of these two figures are provided with the same reference numerals. Compared to the embodiment of Fig. 11 is the embodiment according to Fig. 12 constructed so that the front end 72 of the upper-side hook member 67 of the first panel 62 has at its free end a projecting locking element 73 which engages in an undercut recess 74 of the lower-side hook member 64 of the second panel 63. To lock the hook elements 67 and 64, a slightly larger Pressure be exercised as in the embodiment according to Fig. 11 , The panels 62 and 63 are locked by the engaging in the recess 66 locking element 65 and the additional engaging in the recess 74 locking element 73 fixed as in the embodiment according to Fig. 11 , The protruding latching elements 65 of the panels 62 and 63 are designed as beads which extend over the entire length of a narrow side. Of course, instead of a bead on a hook projection 64 or 67, for example, a protruding nose may be provided with a slope (not shown), wherein the slope of the nose is oriented so that with increasing progress of the joining operation, a gentle expansion of the corresponding hook element is accomplished. The undercut recesses 66 and 74 of the panels 62 and 63 are formed as elongated grooves which receive the beads in the assembled state. The bead and throat can be milled by so-called formatting in one production pass. To join the panels 62 and 63, each bead and throat must be interlocked under elastic deformation of the hook members 67 and 64. In addition, the embodiments differ from the Figures 11 and 12 in the interaction of the webs 46, 49 with the hook projections 71, 70th After Fig. 11 the web 46 abuts on the hook projection 71 and air is provided between the hook projection 70 and the web 49. According to Fig. 12 Air is between the web 46 and the hook projection 71 and the hook projection 70 abuts against the web 49.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

fastening system

2

paneling

3

paneling

4

Form-fitting profile

5

Form-fitting profile

6

head Start

7

convex curvature

8th

Part of the narrow side

9

Part of the narrow side

9a

Abutting joint surface

10

top edge

11

section

12

material removal

13

Freedom of movement

20

recess

21

bottom wall

22

upper wall

23

concave curvature

24

material removal

25

Freedom of movement

26

Abutting joint surface

30

filler

31

top-side joint

40

paneling

41

paneling

42

retaining profile

43

retaining profile

44

hook element

45

hook element

46

web

47

hook projection

48

hook projection

49

web

50

holding surface

51

holding surface

52

palm

53

Leimtasche

54

front

55

palm

56

front

57

recess

60

retaining profile

61

retaining profile

62

paneling

63

paneling

64

hook element

65

locking element

66

deepening

67

hook element

68

holding surface

69

holding surface

70

hook projection

71

hook projection

72

front

73

locking element

74

deepening

75

front

G

joint

K

Circle center

O

panel surface

P

arrow

U

document

V

bottom

Claims (6)

Mounting system (1) for panels (2, 3), in particular for floor panels, which are laid on a substrate (U) and whose narrow sides are provided with retaining profiles, wherein the retaining profile of a long narrow side and the retaining profile of the opposite narrow side and the holding profiles of the two other short narrow sides of a panel (2, 3) match each other so that further panels (3) can be fastened to the free narrow sides of a laid panel (2), wherein at least the retaining profiles of the long narrow sides of the panels (2, 3) as mutually associated positive locking profiles (4, 5) formed and the panels (2, 3) by a rotating joining movement are fastened to each other, that positive locking profile (5) one of the long narrow sides of a panel (2) has a recess (20) and the opposite narrow side of this panel (2) having a mating projection, that the surface (U) facing the wall (21) of the recess (20) on the inside a Quersc Having a concave curvature (23), that associated positive locking profile of the opposite narrow side of the panel (2) has a projection on its the underside (U) facing underside has a cross section with a convex curvature that the convex curvature of the projection and the concave curvature of the Recess are formed substantially complementary, that a short narrow side of a panel (2, 3, 40, 41, 62, 63), a first hook member (44, 45, 64, 67) and the opposite short narrow side of the panel (2, 3, 40, 41, 62, 63) has a complementary to the first hook element (44, 45, 64, 67) that the hook elements (44, 45, 64, 67) with retaining surfaces (50, 51, 68, 69) are provided , are held by the panels in the mounted state against each other so that there is a gap-free abutting surface on the short narrow sides, that first hook member (44) from one of the narrow side approximately perpendicularly projecting and on the panel top (O) arranged web (46 ), wherein at the free end of the web (46) to the underside (V) of the panel pointing hook projection (47) is arranged, that second hook element (45) from one of the narrow side protruding and at the bottom (V) of the Panels arranged web (49) geb At the free end of this web (49), a hook projection (48) facing the panel top side (O) is arranged, and at least one of the end faces (72, 75) of one of the hook elements (64, 67) of the panels (62 , 63) has at its free end a protruding latching element (65, 73) which engages in an undercut depression (66, 74) of the other hook element (64, 67) of the panel (62, 63). Fastening system according to claim 1, characterized in that the protruding detent element (65, 73) of the panel (62, 63) is formed as a bead which extends over the entire length of the narrow side and in that the undercut recess (66, 74) of the Panel (62, 63) is formed as an elongated throat, which receives the bead in the assembled state. Fastening system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the assembled state two panels (2, 3, 40, 41, 62, 63) provided with air gaps between glue pockets (53). Fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the panels are formed from a coated carrier material and the positive locking profiles and retaining profiles are integrally formed on the narrow sides of the panels (2, 3, 40, 41, 62, 63). Fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the panels (2, 3) consist essentially of a MDF, HDF, or chipboard material. Panel (2, 3, 40, 41, 62, 63) with a fastening system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5.

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