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EP1299912A1 - Cryoaimant supraconducteur haute temperature et procede de magnetisation - Google Patents

Cryoaimant supraconducteur haute temperature et procede de magnetisation

Info

Publication number
EP1299912A1
EP1299912A1 EP01940456A EP01940456A EP1299912A1 EP 1299912 A1 EP1299912 A1 EP 1299912A1 EP 01940456 A EP01940456 A EP 01940456A EP 01940456 A EP01940456 A EP 01940456A EP 1299912 A1 EP1299912 A1 EP 1299912A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulse
current
conductor elements
max
conductor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01940456A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Sander
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Publication of EP1299912A1 publication Critical patent/EP1299912A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F13/00—Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for magnetizing a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cryomagnet and the construction of a cryomagnet for carrying it out.
  • HTS high-temperature superconducting
  • HTS solid material capable of withstanding high currents is to be used as a cryomagnet as long as it is kept at the operating temperature T below the transition temperature T c , i.e. T ⁇ T c , after the magnetization. Then the cryomagnet acts like a permanent magnet. His field is frozen in technical usage. Fields of> 14 Tesla have already been demonstrated using the field-cooled method after magnetization by large superconducting magnet coils. The process is basically as follows:
  • the HTS is initially in a constant external field, e.g. B. a superconducting coil, cooled to a temperature T ⁇ T c .
  • the magnetic flux is frozen or trapped in it at this temperature.
  • the external magnetic field is slowed down, ie on a scale of minutes and hours, which induces superconducting currents in the HTS, which largely maintain the field in the HTS and make the HTS effective as a permanent magnet, the cryomagnet.
  • the magnetization of high-current-carrying HTS molded bodies can, if these z. B. are installed in an electrical machine, do not take place with a large superconducting coil, but must be carried out in the installed state via pulsed magnetization, for example with a Cu coil.
  • this so-called “zero-field-cooled” method cools the superconductor to a temperature ⁇ T c without an external field and then exposes it to a short magnetic field pulse. This method can also cause magnetic flux in the field
  • Superconductors to be frozen This can also involve successive magnetization by pulsing the magnetization magnet several times in succession.
  • Multipulse processes with pulse durations of a few ms have proven to be advantageous for this purpose in order to freeze magnetic fields of up to 3 Tesla.
  • the saturation magnetization of a shaped body ie the maximum freezable field H * , is determined by the shape of the sample and by its critical current density j c .
  • the field of the coil must be at least 1 x H * in order to fully magnetize the sample.
  • the "zero field-cooled" method a magnetic field with a pulse height of 2 x H * is typically required. This is due to the shielding currents induced in the sample during the rising edge of the magnetization pulse.
  • the object is achieved by a method for pulsed magnetization according to claim 1 and according to claim 5.
  • the method according to claim 1 takes place without the use of a copper coil installed in the cryomagnet, whereas the method according to claim 5 uses one.
  • cryomagnet consists of m stacked disks, the respective center of which lies on an axis.
  • Each disc itself consists of n circular or polygonal conductor elements that are concentric with each other in one plane and form n-1 ring gaps, where m and n are natural numbers> 1. They are made of superconducting, more precisely high-temperature superconducting material.
  • Each of the n conductor elements has two contact points, via which it is below the deepest during the magnetization process Current temperature T c of the superconductor materials used is energized.
  • a transport current pulse I pu ⁇ s polarity, strength, and pulse shape.
  • the transport current Ip U ⁇ s is divided into the two partial currents Ii by one arm of the conductor element to the other contact point and I 2 by the other arm of the conductor element to the other contact point.
  • the two contact points are arranged in such a way that the length of the connecting path between them, ie the length of the shorter of the two arms, has a proportion A of at most 35% of the total circumference of the conductor element. This creates a current asymmetry Ii ⁇ I 2 . From now on it is stipulated that the current flowing in the shorter of the two arms is to be designated Ii and the current flowing in the longer of the two arms is designated I 2 .
  • the mn conductor elements are geometrically electrically connected to one another in such a way that the transport current pulse I pu ⁇ s fed into each of the n conductor elements has such a polarity that the partial current I fl s flowing during the rising edge of the transport current pulse Ip U ⁇ s has a predetermined sense in all n Conductor elements has the same direction. If several disks are used, the feed transport pulse Ip U ⁇ s is selected such that the partial flow I ⁇ flowing during the rising flank of the transport flow pulse I has the same direction in all m disks with respect to a given sense.
  • the transport current pulse I pu is set in all mn conductor elements so that the associated maximum value I Pu is, max is the same in each conductor element.
  • the largest proportion of the length of the shorter arm of all mn conductor elements in the total circumference of the closed conductor loop is designated as A max .
  • the critical current I c of a superconducting conductor element is the current which produces a voltage drop of 10 6 V / cm in the superconductor. Currents> I c lead to the building up of an ohmic resistance in the superconductor.
  • the greatest critical current of all mn conductor elements is included I c , ma ⁇ and the magnetic field strength, which is generated by all m fully magnetized disks in their center, is denoted by H * .
  • the maximum value Ipuis, max of the transport current pulse I pu ⁇ s is thus also entered ⁇ states that the following condition is met:
  • the highest saturation magnetization is achieved in that the repetitive magnetic flux introduced into the cryomagnet is increased step by step up to at most saturation magnetization by repeating the pulsed magnetization process.
  • the operating temperature T is further reduced after each magnetization step. This further reduces the shielding effect, especially of the conductor elements located further out, and leads to a higher magnetization being achieved in the center of the cryomagnet during the entire magnetization process (cf. quote III). No external magnetic field generated by a copper coil installed in the system of the cryomagnet is required for the magnetization process described so far.
  • a variant of the magnetization is that such an external magnetic field is used for this.
  • at least one copper coil is necessary for the system of the actual cryomagnet.
  • the axis of the external magnetic field generated with it coincides with the axis of the magnetic field frozen after the magnetization.
  • the cryomagnet is exposed via the normally conductive coil to a magnetic field pulse H pu ⁇ s of predetermined polarity, strength and pulse shape, which in each case induces a ring current lin d in the conductor elements. This shields the conductor element at least partially against the penetration of magnetic flux during the rising pulse edge of the magnetic field. After reaching the maximum H pu ⁇ s , ma ⁇ , the polarity of the induced ring current I in is reversed.
  • the respective conductor element is additionally supplied with a transport current pulse I pu i s of predetermined polarity, strength and pulse shape via one of its two contact points, which is divided into two partial currents when it enters the conductor element.
  • Polarity, strength, pulse shape and temporal sequence of the two pulses I pu ⁇ s and H pulse are chosen so that their interaction leads to a current distribution Ii ⁇ I 2 in the two arms of the annular conductor element.
  • Ii the partial current resulting from the interaction of the two currents Ipuis and Ii nd and having the same polarity as the ring current I ind induced during the rising magnetic pulse flank.
  • This partial current I x is rend the rising magnetic pulse edge larger than the partial current I 2 , which flows in the other arm of the annular conductor element.
  • the magnetic field pulse H pu ⁇ s and the transport current pulse Ip U ⁇ s are selected so that at least the partial current Ii comes close to or exceeds the critical current I c of the respective conductor element during a time interval within the entire pulse interval.
  • a higher ohmic resistance is built up, which limits the maximum current flowing in the respective entire conductor element and thus reduces the shielding effect of the ring current Ii nd induced during the increasing pulse phase.
  • the result of this is that the magnetic flux penetrates the conductor loop more intensely and, after the two pulses I pu ⁇ s and H Pu i s have decayed, a superconducting continuous current continues to flow in the conductor loop. In this way, a higher remanent magnetization is achieved than with the sole application of the magnetic field pulse H pulse .
  • the magnetic field H pulse and fed into the mn conductor elements Transport current pulses I pu ⁇ s ie selected so that the transport current pulse I on the rising edge pu ⁇ s flowing larger partial current Ii in all mn conductor elements and thus in all m slices has the same direction.
  • the asymmetry in the distribution of the currents I ⁇ and I 2 in a conductor element is controlled by different arm lengths.
  • the polarity of the current pulse I pu ⁇ s is chosen so that during the rising edge of the current pulse I pu ⁇ s the larger partial current Ii flows in the shorter arm (claim 6). According to claim 7, the transport current pulse I pu ⁇ s in all mn
  • Conductor elements of all m disks are set such that the associated maximum value I pu i s , ma ⁇ is the same in each conductor element.
  • the maximum value H pu ⁇ s , ma ⁇ of the magnetic field pulse H pu ⁇ s , the maximum value I pu ⁇ s , ax of the current pulse I pu ⁇ s , the largest share of all conductor elements A max of the length of the shorter arm in the total circumference of the closed conductor loop,
  • the greatest critical current I c , max of all mn conductor elements and the magnetic field strength H, which is generated by all m fully magnetized disks in the center thereof, are selected so that the following conditions are met: lpuls, ⁇ rtax ⁇ - - ic, max Uno H u ls, max + (1 - A a ⁇ ) I p uls, max H / Ic, max - 2H.
  • conditions can also be selected according to claim 8 for advantageous magnetization.
  • the transport current pulse I pu ⁇ s in all mn conductor elements of all m disks is set such that the associated maximum value I pu is, max is the same in each conductor element.
  • the maximum value of the magnetic field pulse H pulS max the maximum value of the current pulse I pu ⁇ s , m ax, the largest proportion of all conductor elements A max the length of the shorter arm in the total circumference of the closed conductor loop, the largest critical current I Cma ⁇ and of all conductor elements
  • the magnetic field strength H * which is generated by all m fully magnetized disks in their center, is then set so that the following conditions are met:
  • Claim 9 describes that the n conductor elements of one of the m disks are electrically connected in series with at least one copper coil. This makes it possible for the pulsed coil current or part of the coil current to also act as a transport current pulse I pu ⁇ s in all n conductor elements can be used. Depending on the dimensioning of the copper coil and the conductor cross section of the n conductor elements, it may be necessary not to use excessive transport current pulses I pu ⁇ s and therefore to feed only a part of the total coil current into the conductor elements.
  • Claim 10 describes that the m disks are electrically connected in series, as a result of which the pulsed coil current or part of the coil current flows as a transport current pulse I pu is i all m disks.
  • the magnetic field pulse H pu ⁇ s and the transport current pulse Ip U is, generated by discharging a capacitor in the coil arrangement.
  • the resonant circuit of inductance and capacitance is separated at the specified time via an electronic, sufficiently fast switch, such as a thyristor or power transistor.
  • the operating temperature T is further reduced after each magnetization step (claim 13).
  • this can also be combined with the fact that lower H pu is, ma ⁇ are selected for the first magnetization pulses.
  • the cryomagnet with which the magnetization is achieved only by energization, has the following structure, as described in claim 14: m stacked disks have a common axis. Each of the m disks consists of n different, concentric, in one plane, circular or polygonal conductor elements made of superconducting, more precisely high temperature superconducting material, m and n are natural, initially arbitrary numbers, each> 1.
  • the application is based on technical application and the required magnetic properties of the cryomagnet suggest a selection of m and n.
  • Each conductor element of the cryomagnet has two contact points for energizing it.
  • the mn conductor elements consist of the class of the so-called SE; ⁇ Ba 2 Cu 3 ⁇ x high-temperature superconductor, 123-HTS for short.
  • SE stands for the chemical element Y or a rare earth metal or a mixture of these.
  • Chemical additives which increase the current-carrying capacity can be added to each conductor element.
  • the crystallographic c-axis of the 123-HTS material of each of the n conductor elements of a disk deviates by a maximum of 10 degrees from the axis of the disk.
  • the conductor elements can be made from one or more 123 HTS moldings. When using several shaped bodies, these are mechanically and superconductively connected to one another by superconducting connections based on a 123-HTS 'with a lower peritectic temperature. The crystallographic a-b lattice crosses of the 123-HTS and 123-HTS 'materials are rotated against each other by a maximum of 10 degrees in the disk plane.
  • the mn conductor elements can each be separated advice to be connected to a power source (claim 15).
  • the n conductor elements of a disc are electrically connected in series with the supply and return lines on the outer and inner ring.
  • the electrical connection between the conductor elements can be made normally conductive or superconductive (claim 16).
  • the disks can either be electrically separate (claim 17) or electrically in series with one another (claim 18).
  • the HTS cryomagnet has no normally conductive coil to generate the external magnetic field. This structure is explained in the following:
  • a copper coil (claim 19) is technically best suited from the material and manufacturing properties.
  • a structure of the cryomagnet that is useful in terms of material stress is that the HTS cryomagnet is located in a matrix consisting of wax or resin or epoxy or another polymeric hydrocarbon compound that is suitable for the cryo requirements and that is still sufficiently plastic at these low temperatures Possesses properties. This at least partially absorbs the mechanical stresses associated with the magnetic fields and reduces the mechanical stress on the HTS material.
  • the pulsed magnetization method proposed here and the associated cryomagnet structure are characterized by the following advantages:
  • FIG. 2 the superconducting ring connection
  • FIG. 3 HTS disks encased by a solenoid
  • FIG. 4 HTS disks encased by two electrically parallel solenoids
  • FIG. 5 HTS ring disks encased by a solenoid
  • FIG. FIG. 9 temporal course of the current pulse
  • Figure 10 temporal course of the current pulse and the magnetic pulse.
  • the cryomagnet is made from an HTS molded body.
  • the dimensions are exemplary and can vary according to technical requirements.
  • These rings are connected to one another in FIG. 1 by means of electrically normally conductive webs which are electrically a node.
  • the current pulse Ip u i s applied to the magnetization in each ring causes two partial currents I ⁇ and I 2 in each ring, which in the respective ring consist of the injected pulse current I pu ⁇ s and, if appropriate, the induction current Ii generated by the magnetic field pulse H pu ⁇ s nd result.
  • the corresponding partial flows in the rings are generally different. After the pulse current I pu is and the magnetic field pulse H pu i s have subsided, the ring current remains
  • Ii - I 2 > 0 A as continuous current, which generates a magnetic field with the same polarity as H Pu i s .
  • sinusoidal or sinusoidal pulse shapes of I pu s and H pulse are shown as examples.
  • the division into the partial currents I and I 2 of FIG each ring can be controlled with. In general, this division is asymmetrical and also not the same in the different conductor elements.
  • the pulse current I pu ⁇ s emerges again to the current source.
  • a variant of the magnetization method already described, which requires separate control of the individual conductor elements, is the following:
  • the innermost ring into which no current pulse is introduced is first magnetized, while the one introduced into the outer rings is magnetized Transport current pulses whose shielding effect is reduced during the entire magnetic field pulse H pu ⁇ s .
  • the different ring segments can be successively magnetized from the inside out by several successive pulses.
  • FIG. 2 corresponds to that of FIG. 1.
  • the webs are made of superconducting material, which is the same as that of the rings, or is made of another.
  • the ring arrangement is advantageously made of a solid body, that is to say a disc, using laser cutting technology due to the very hard material, so that the concentric ring arrangement is a coherent body.
  • the current distribution in the individual rings corresponds to that explained in FIG. 1.
  • Embodiments with a Cu coil are, on the one hand, a Cu cylinder coil with the HTS cryomagnet inside (FIGS. 3 to 5) or sandwiched Cu screw / spiral coils with HTS disks arranged in between (FIGS. 6 to 8) , each consisting of several rings.
  • This variant makes it easier to magnetize the inner HTS ring segments because of their increasing magnetic field.
  • FIG. 3 shows only three stacked HTS panes, which have a structure according to FIG. 1 or 2.
  • the disk arrangement is encased by the solenoid with copper winding.
  • the three HTS disks and the solenoid are electrically in series with one another, the three disks being electrically connected to each other in the shortest possible way the connection technology between the panes can be normal or superconducting.
  • FIG. 4 five HTS disks are stacked, which are encased by two solenoids lying on the axis of the figure. As in FIG. 3, the five HTS disks are electrically connected in series with the two solenoids, but the two solenoids are electrically connected in parallel with one another.
  • the five HTS disks in Figure 5 have a geometrically somewhat modified shape. They are ring disks, so that there is now a cylindrical cavity along the axis of the figure. These five washers are encased in a correspondingly high solenoid. The arrangement is electrically connected according to Figure 5.
  • the magnetic field pulse H pu ⁇ s is generated over flat disc-shaped spiral coils.
  • the spiral coils are sandwiched between the HTSL discs. But as in Figures 3 to 5, the magnetic field axis coincides with the figure axis of the respective structure.
  • HTS disks and two spiral coils are stacked, and they follow one another alternately.
  • the HTS discs and the spiral coils have the same contour.
  • the outside diameter of the spiral coils may be larger than that of the HTS disks, if this is the only way to achieve a sufficiently strong magnetization of the HTS disk.
  • the stack of the structure consists of two spiral coils lying next to one another, which lie between two HTS disks.
  • the HTS closest to the respective spiral coil Disk is electrically connected to a group in series with this, and both groups are electrically parallel to each other.
  • FIG. 8 If a cavity is required along the axis of the figure and the magnetic field, the structure of FIG. 8 is suitable.
  • the three HTS ring disks and the two ring disk coils are alternately stacked and electrically connected in series.
  • a schematic current profile of the pulse current I pu is and as a result of the division of the currents I ⁇ and I 2 in the ring is shown in FIG. 9 in a standardized manner, based on the critical current I c of the conductor element.
  • the pulse current fed into the structure has a sine-like course. Here the magnetization takes place solely with the current, i.e. without an externally applied magnetic field H pulse .
  • the current in a ring is divided as shown. The current flows for a period ⁇ , which is the time from the start of the current rise to the first zero crossing. At the first zero crossing, the resonant circuit comprising the energy store (capacitor / power supply) and the inductance of the structure is electronically separated
  • FIG. 10 finally shows the magnetization with pulse current, as in FIG. 9, and an additional magnetic field. Also for the sinusoidal magnetic field pulse curve was standardized
  • the numerical values for the different currents, magnetic fields and pulse durations can also be varied in a targeted manner, depending on the application, in correspondingly large areas.
  • values for the critical current I c of the conductor elements can be in the order of a few 100 to a few 1000 A, magnetic field strengths H pulS / max in the range up to over 5 T. and pulse durations ⁇ of the order of 1 to 100 ms are considered suitable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant à un aimant supraconducteur haute température (HTS) d'être magnétisé, d'une part uniquement grâce à l'alimentation externe d'un dispositif constitué d'anneaux supraconducteurs haute température, et d'autre part en plus au moyen d'un champ magnétique externe appliqué à des bobines normalement conductrices juxtaposées auxdits anneaux. La structure du dispositif de magnétisation est composée, en ce qui concerne l'alimentation externe unique, tout d'abord d'anneaux supraconducteurs haute température coaxiaux et disposés dans un plan, puis d'un empilement coaxial de plans de ce type. Pour un champ magnétique externe appliqué en supplément, ceci est rendu possible par un solénoïde normalement conducteur, entourant au moins partiellement le dispositif, ou par des bobines plates normalement conductrices en forme de spirale, disposées entre les bobines HTS. Dans tous les cas, les axes de champs magnétiques du dispositif HTS et des bobines intégrées normalement conductrices se rencontrent.
EP01940456A 2000-07-12 2001-05-11 Cryoaimant supraconducteur haute temperature et procede de magnetisation Withdrawn EP1299912A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10033869 2000-07-12
DE10033869A DE10033869C2 (de) 2000-07-12 2000-07-12 HTS-Kryomagnet und Aufmagnetisierungsverfahren
PCT/EP2001/005387 WO2002005359A1 (fr) 2000-07-12 2001-05-11 Cryoaimant supraconducteur haute temperature et procede de magnetisation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1299912A1 true EP1299912A1 (fr) 2003-04-09

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EP01940456A Withdrawn EP1299912A1 (fr) 2000-07-12 2001-05-11 Cryoaimant supraconducteur haute temperature et procede de magnetisation

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Country Link
US (1) US6762664B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1299912A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004503115A (fr)
DE (1) DE10033869C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002005359A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20030062899A1 (en) 2003-04-03
DE10033869A1 (de) 2002-01-31
JP2004503115A (ja) 2004-01-29
DE10033869C2 (de) 2003-07-31
US6762664B2 (en) 2004-07-13
WO2002005359A1 (fr) 2002-01-17

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