EP0795349A1 - Device and process for evaporating a liquid - Google Patents
Device and process for evaporating a liquid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0795349A1 EP0795349A1 EP96107773A EP96107773A EP0795349A1 EP 0795349 A1 EP0795349 A1 EP 0795349A1 EP 96107773 A EP96107773 A EP 96107773A EP 96107773 A EP96107773 A EP 96107773A EP 0795349 A1 EP0795349 A1 EP 0795349A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- heating fluid
- pressure column
- liquid
- passages
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
- F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
- F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/04—Down-flowing type boiler-condenser, i.e. with evaporation of a falling liquid film
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/10—Boiler-condenser with superposed stages
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
- Y10S62/902—Apparatus
- Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for evaporating a liquid with a first and a second heat exchanger, both heat exchangers containing evaporation passages and passages for a heating fluid, the first heat exchanger is designed as a falling film evaporator and the second heat exchanger is designed as a liquid bath evaporator, and the first heat exchanger has means for introducing heating fluid and means for withdrawing heating fluid and wherein the second heat exchanger has means for introducing heating fluid.
- Heating fluid is understood to mean any fluid that gives off heat, for example a condensing gas.
- Heating fluid is understood to mean any fluid that gives off heat, for example a condensing gas.
- Liquid bath evaporators also called thermosiphon evaporators
- thermosiphon evaporators are in a liquid bath, the evaporation passages communicating with the liquid bath and the vapor formed emerging from the evaporation passages at the top.
- falling film evaporators the liquid flows as a film over the walls of the evaporation passages and partially evaporates in the process; the vapor formed flows downward with the liquid and is drawn off at the lower end of the evaporation passages together with the portion remaining in the liquid. Both types have disadvantages.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a device of the type mentioned at the outset, which can be produced particularly inexpensively, in particular very compactly.
- the means for withdrawing heating fluid from the first heat exchanger are in flow communication with the means for introducing heating fluid into the second heat exchanger.
- the two heat exchangers are also serially connected on the heating fluid side, in such a way that the heating fluid first passes through the heating fluid passages of the falling film evaporator and the heating fluid emerging from the falling film evaporator is at least partially, preferably completely or essentially completely supplied to the heating fluid passages of the liquid bath evaporator.
- Each of the heat exchangers of the invention can be formed from one or more blocks. For example, it is possible to implement the liquid bath evaporator in the form of two or more blocks arranged side by side.
- the distribution of the heating fluid between the two heat exchangers need not be regulated.
- the heating fluid passages can be connected directly to one another, for example by means of a single short pipe.
- the device according to the invention can thus be manufactured very inexpensively.
- the two heat exchangers are preferably designed as one block, the upper section of the block forming the first heat exchanger and the lower section of the block forming the second heat exchanger. This eliminates the need to collect the heating fluid at the lower end of the first heat exchanger (falling film evaporator) and then to distribute it again over the heating fluid passages of the second heat exchanger (liquid bath evaporator).
- the block has heating fluid passages running over its entire length or over essentially its entire length.
- the entire device is thus designed on the heating fluid side like a single heat exchanger block which, for example, has the form of a plate heat exchanger. Only on the evaporation side, in the transition between the first and second heat exchangers, vapor-liquid mixture flowing down from the top (from the falling film evaporator) has to be conducted out of the heat exchanger block, so that the remaining liquid part flows into the liquid bath and the vapor formed can be drawn off. At the same time, the steam generated in the evaporation passages of the second heat exchanger (liquid bath evaporator) must be withdrawn from the heat exchanger block.
- the device can thus be built in a very simple and inexpensive manner. There are no special measures to connect the heating fluid passages; The special measures in the transition area described above can also be implemented without great effort, preferably in an aluminum plate heat exchanger.
- the invention further relates to a method for evaporating a liquid according to claim 4.
- an application of the device and the method in a double column process for air separation according to claim 5 and a corresponding device for low temperature separation of air according to claim 6 are the subject of the invention.
- the device described above is used as a condenser-evaporator (main condenser) in an air separation double column.
- the liquid to be evaporated is formed by oxygen-rich bottom liquid in the low-pressure column, the heating fluid by nitrogen-rich top gas in the pressure column, which condenses in the condenser-evaporator.
- the housing of the device is formed by the jacket 1 of a double column for low-temperature air separation, which has a pressure column 2 and a low-pressure column 3. Of the two columns, only the top and bottom area are shown.
- the entire condenser-evaporator is designed as a plate heat exchanger block 4. 1 shows one of the evaporation passages.
- the vertical lines do not represent walls between different passages, but the internals (fins) within one evaporation passage.
- the arrangement of the passages is shown schematically in cross section in FIG. 2: layer by layer alternate Evaporation passages 15 and 16 heating fluid passages.
- the height of the passages (distance between two plates) is, for example, 2 to 10 mm.
- the total number of passages arranged next to one another is, depending on their height, for example 10 to 400.
- liquid oxygen 5 from the low-pressure column 3 is fed via a distributor 6 to the liquid passages of the first heat exchanger (falling film evaporator), which is formed by the upper section 7 of the block 4.
- the liquid-vapor mixture is led out of the block 4 laterally and flows into the outer space 10 between the block 4 and the jacket 1.
- the lower part 9 of the same passages forms the evaporation passages of the second heat exchanger designed as a liquid bath evaporator. They are open on their underside and thus communicate with a liquid bath 11. Upward flowing steam and possibly entrained liquid flow laterally out of block 4 in the transition area 8 (left in the drawing). Through each evaporation passage, a separating strip 17 runs obliquely through the transition area, which separates the first and second heat exchangers from one another.
- Gaseous nitrogen which is brought up from the top of the pressure column 2 (13), serves as the heating fluid. It is applied to the heating fluid passages 16 of the first heat exchanger 7 via a header 14.
- the heating fluid passages (not shown in FIG. 1) run in the exemplary embodiment without separation over the entire height of the block 4, that is to say through the first heat exchanger 7, the transition region 8 and the second heat exchanger 9. At most the density or the type of internals (fins ) can change over the height of the heating fluid passages.
- the nitrogen condensed during the heat exchange with the evaporating oxygen is removed from the bottom of the second heat exchanger 9 via a collector 18 Heating fluid passages are withdrawn and fed via line 19 into a vessel at the top of the pressure column 2.
- the length (vertical extension) of the first heat exchanger 7 is 1.7 m in a specific example, the second heat exchanger 9 is 2.8 m long;
- the transition area 8 has an vertical extent of 0.6 m, the stack height of the plates (vertical in FIG. 2) is equal to 1.20 m with a passage height (plate spacing) of 6 mm.
- the condenser-evaporator combines the functions of two different types of heat exchangers 7, 9 in a block 4 .However, the manufacturing effort is hardly greater than with a conventional plate heat exchanger: While the heating fluid passages can be completely conventional, only a few additional measures are required in the transition area 8 of the evaporation passages , namely the installation of inclined fins and a separating strip 17, and the lateral opening of the evaporation passages. Overall, there is a very inexpensive and compact arrangement that combines the advantages of falling film evaporators and liquid bath evaporators.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Die Vorrichtung und das Verfahren dienen zum Verdampfen einer Flüssigkeit. Ein erster (7) und ein zweiter (9) Wärmeaustauscher enthalten Verdampfungspassagen sowie Passagen für ein Heizfluid. Der erste Wärmeaustauscher (7) ist als Fallfilmverdampfer ausgebildet, der zweite Wärmeaustauscher (9) als Flüssigkeitsbadverdampfer. Der erste Wärmeaustauscher (7) weist Mittel (13, 14) zum Einführen von Heizfluid und Mittel zum Abziehen von Heizfluid auf. Der zweite Wärmeaustauscher (9) umfaßt Mittel zum Einführen von Heizfluid. Die Mittel zum Abziehen von Heizfluid aus dem ersten Wärmeaustauscher (7) stehen in Strömungsverbindung mit den Mitteln zum Einführen von Heizfluid in den zweiten Wärmeaustauscher (9). Der Apparat und die Vorrichtung können in einem Verfahren zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft angewandt werden, das eine aus Drucksäule (2) und Niederdrucksäule (3) bestehende Doppelsäule aufweist, wobei der Apparat zur Verdampfung von Flüssigkeit (5, 6) aus dem unteren Abschnitt der Niederdrucksäule (3) in indirektem Wärmeaustausch (7, 9) gegen kondensierenden Dampf (13, 14) aus dem oberen Bereich der Drucksäule (2) dient. <IMAGE>The device and the method serve to evaporate a liquid. A first (7) and a second (9) heat exchanger contain evaporation passages and passages for a heating fluid. The first heat exchanger (7) is designed as a falling film evaporator, the second heat exchanger (9) as a liquid bath evaporator. The first heat exchanger (7) has means (13, 14) for introducing heating fluid and means for withdrawing heating fluid. The second heat exchanger (9) comprises means for introducing heating fluid. The means for withdrawing heating fluid from the first heat exchanger (7) are in flow communication with the means for introducing heating fluid into the second heat exchanger (9). The apparatus and the device can be used in a method for the low-temperature separation of air, which has a double column consisting of a pressure column (2) and a low-pressure column (3), the apparatus for evaporating liquid (5, 6) from the lower section of the low-pressure column (3) in indirect heat exchange (7, 9) against condensing steam (13, 14) from the upper area of the pressure column (2). <IMAGE>
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Verdampfen einer Flüssigkeit mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Wärmeaustauscher, wobei beide Wärmeaustauscher Verdampfungspassagen sowie Passagen für ein Heizfluid enthalten, der erste Wärmeaustauscher als Fallfilmverdampfer und der zweite Wärmeaustauscher als Flüssigkeitsbadverdampfer ausgebildet ist, der erste Wärmeaustauscher Mittel zum Einführen von Heizfluid und Mittel zum Abziehen von Heizfluid aufweist und wobei der zweite Wärmeaustauscher Mittel zum Einführen von Heizfluid aufweist.The invention relates to a device for evaporating a liquid with a first and a second heat exchanger, both heat exchangers containing evaporation passages and passages for a heating fluid, the first heat exchanger is designed as a falling film evaporator and the second heat exchanger is designed as a liquid bath evaporator, and the first heat exchanger has means for introducing heating fluid and means for withdrawing heating fluid and wherein the second heat exchanger has means for introducing heating fluid.
In vielen Prozessen ist es notwendig, eine Flüssigkeit in indirektem Wärmeaustausch mit einem Heizfluid zu verdampfen. Unter Heizfluid ist dabei irgendein Fluid zu verstehen, das Wärme abgibt, beispielsweise ein kondensierendes Gas. Es gibt zwei Grundformen derartiger Verdampfer. Flüssigkeitsbadverdampfer, auch Thermosiphon-Verdampfer genannt, stehen in einem Flüssigkeitsbad, wobei die Verdampfungspassagen mit dem Flüssigkeitsbad kommunizieren und der gebildete Dampf oben aus den Verdampfungspassagen austritt. Bei Fallfilmverdampfern fließt die Flüssigkeit als Film über die Wände der Verdampfungspassagen und verdampft dabei teilweise; der gebildete Dampf strömt mit der Flüssigkeit nach unten und wird am unteren Ende der Verdampfungspassagen zusammen mit dem flüssig verbliebenen Anteil abgezogen. Beide Typen haben Nachteile. So ist bei Flüssigkeitsbadverdampfern die Bauhöhe begrenzt und bei Fallfilmverdampfern wird eine Pumpe zum Umwälzen von Flüssigkeit benötigt, weil mit dem verdampften Anteil eine bestimmte Restmenge an Flüssigkeit austritt, die umgewälzt werden muß. In EP-A-469780 wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, einen Fallfilmverdampfer und einen Flüssigkeitsbadverdampfer zu kombinieren, indem sie verdampfungsseitig seriell verbunden sind. Die Heizfluidpassagen sind parallel geschaltet. Diese Vorrichtung benötigt einen Regelmechanismus, der die Aufteilung des Heizfluids auf die beiden Wärmetauschertypen einstellt. Dazu muß mindestens ein Rohr aus dem Gehäuse heraus zu einem steuerbaren Ventil geführt werden. Insgesamt ergibt sich eine aufwendige Verrohrung und eine relativ große Bauhöhe.In many processes, it is necessary to evaporate a liquid in indirect heat exchange with a heating fluid. Heating fluid is understood to mean any fluid that gives off heat, for example a condensing gas. There are two basic forms of such evaporators. Liquid bath evaporators, also called thermosiphon evaporators, are in a liquid bath, the evaporation passages communicating with the liquid bath and the vapor formed emerging from the evaporation passages at the top. In falling film evaporators, the liquid flows as a film over the walls of the evaporation passages and partially evaporates in the process; the vapor formed flows downward with the liquid and is drawn off at the lower end of the evaporation passages together with the portion remaining in the liquid. Both types have disadvantages. For example, in the case of liquid bath evaporators, the overall height is limited, and in the case of falling film evaporators, a pump for circulating liquid is required because a certain residual amount of liquid that must be circulated escapes with the evaporated portion. In EP-A-469780 it has already been proposed to combine a falling film evaporator and a liquid bath evaporator by connecting them in series on the evaporation side. The heating fluid passages are connected in parallel. This device requires a control mechanism that adjusts the distribution of the heating fluid to the two types of heat exchangers. To do this, at least one pipe must be led out of the housing to a controllable valve. Overall, there is a complex piping and a relatively large height.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu entwickeln, die besonders kostengünstig, insbesondere sehr kompakt hergestellt werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a device of the type mentioned at the outset, which can be produced particularly inexpensively, in particular very compactly.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die Mittel zum Abziehen von Heizfluid aus dem ersten Wärmeaustauscher in Strömungsverbindung mit den Mitteln zum Einführen von Heizfluid in den zweiten Wärmeaustauscher stehen. Die beiden Wärmeaustauscher sind also auch heizfluidseitig seriell verbunden, und zwar so, daß das Heizfluid zunächst die Heizfluidpassagen des Fallfilmverdampfers durchläuft und das aus dem Fallfilmverdampfer austretende Heizfluid mindestens teilweise, vorzugsweise vollständig oder im wesentlichen vollständig den Heizfluidpassagen des Flüssigkeitsbadverdampfers zugeführt wird. Jeder der Wärmeaustauscher der Erfindung kann aus einem oder mehreren Blöcken gebildet sein. Es ist beispielsweise möglich, den Flüssigkeitsbadverdampfer in Form von zwei oder mehr nebeneinander angeordneten Blöcken zu realisieren.This object is achieved in that the means for withdrawing heating fluid from the first heat exchanger are in flow communication with the means for introducing heating fluid into the second heat exchanger. The two heat exchangers are also serially connected on the heating fluid side, in such a way that the heating fluid first passes through the heating fluid passages of the falling film evaporator and the heating fluid emerging from the falling film evaporator is at least partially, preferably completely or essentially completely supplied to the heating fluid passages of the liquid bath evaporator. Each of the heat exchangers of the invention can be formed from one or more blocks. For example, it is possible to implement the liquid bath evaporator in the form of two or more blocks arranged side by side.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung braucht die Verteilung des Heizfluids auf die beiden Wärmeaustauscher nicht geregelt zu werden. Die Heizfluidpassagen können direkt - beispielsweise durch ein einziges kurzes Rohr - miteinander verbunden werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung kann somit sehr kostengünstig hergestellt werden.In the context of the invention, the distribution of the heating fluid between the two heat exchangers need not be regulated. The heating fluid passages can be connected directly to one another, for example by means of a single short pipe. The device according to the invention can thus be manufactured very inexpensively.
Vorzugsweise sind gemäß einem weiterführenden Aspekt der Erfindung die beiden Wärmeaustauscher als ein Block ausgebildet, wobei der obere Abschnitt des Blocks den ersten Wärmeaustauscher bildet und der untere Abschnitt des Blocks den zweiten Wärmeaustauscher bildet. Dadurch entfällt die Notwendigkeit, das Heizfluid am unteren Ende des ersten Wärmeaustauschers (Fallfilmverdampfers) zu sammeln und anschließend wieder auf die Heizfluidpassagen des zweiten Wärmeaustauschers (Flüssigkeitsbadverdampfers) zu verteilen.According to a further aspect of the invention, the two heat exchangers are preferably designed as one block, the upper section of the block forming the first heat exchanger and the lower section of the block forming the second heat exchanger. This eliminates the need to collect the heating fluid at the lower end of the first heat exchanger (falling film evaporator) and then to distribute it again over the heating fluid passages of the second heat exchanger (liquid bath evaporator).
Dabei ist es günstig, wenn der Block über seine gesamte Länge oder über im wesentlichen seine gesamte Länge verlaufende Heizfluidpassagen aufweist. Die gesamte Vorrichtung ist also heizfluidseitig wie ein einziger Wärmeaustauscherblock ausgebildet, der beispielsweise die Bauform eines Plattenwärmetauschers aufweist. Lediglich verdampfungsseitig muß im Übergang zwischen erstem und zweiten Wärmeaustauscher von oben (aus dem Fallfilmverdampfer) herabfließendes Dampf-Flüssigkeitsgemisch aus dem Wärmeaustauscherblock herausgeleitet werden, so daß der flüssig verbliebene Anteil in das Flüssigkeitsbad strömt und der gebildete Dampf abgezogen werden kann. Gleichzeitig muß in diesem Bereich der in den Verdampfungspassagen des zweiten Wärmeaustauschers (Flüssigkeitsbadverdampfers) erzeugte Dampf aus dem Wärmeaustauscherblock abgezogen werden.It is advantageous if the block has heating fluid passages running over its entire length or over essentially its entire length. The entire device is thus designed on the heating fluid side like a single heat exchanger block which, for example, has the form of a plate heat exchanger. Only on the evaporation side, in the transition between the first and second heat exchangers, vapor-liquid mixture flowing down from the top (from the falling film evaporator) has to be conducted out of the heat exchanger block, so that the remaining liquid part flows into the liquid bath and the vapor formed can be drawn off. At the same time, the steam generated in the evaporation passages of the second heat exchanger (liquid bath evaporator) must be withdrawn from the heat exchanger block.
Insgesamt kann die Vorrichtung somit auf sehr einfache und kostengünstige Weise gebaut werden. Es entfallen spezielle Maßnahmen zur Verbindung der Heizfluidpassagen; auch die oben beschriebenen speziellen Maßnahmen im Übergangsbereich können ohne großen Aufwand realisiert werden, vorzugsweise in einem Aluminium-Plattenwärmetauscher.Overall, the device can thus be built in a very simple and inexpensive manner. There are no special measures to connect the heating fluid passages; The special measures in the transition area described above can also be implemented without great effort, preferably in an aluminum plate heat exchanger.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Verdampfen einer Flüssigkeit gemäß Patentanspruch 4.The invention further relates to a method for evaporating a liquid according to
Außerdem sind eine Anwendung der Vorrichtung und des Verfahrens in einem Doppelsäulenverfahren zur Luftzerlegung gemäß Patentanspruch 5 sowie eine entsprechende Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft gemäß Patentanspruch 6 Gegenstand der Erfindung. Dabei wird die oben beschriebene Vorrichtung als Kondensator-Verdampfer (Hauptkondensator) in einer Luftzerleger-Doppelsäule eingesetzt. Die zu verdampfende Flüssigkeit wird hierbei durch sauerstoffreiche Sumpfflüssigkeit der Niederdrucksäule, das Heizfluid durch stickstoffreiches Kopfgas der Drucksäule gebildet, das in dem Kondensator-Verdampfer kondensiert.In addition, an application of the device and the method in a double column process for air separation according to
Die Erfindung sowie weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen:
- Figur 1
- einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, die in eine Luftzerleger-Doppelsäule eingebaut ist, und
Figur 2- dieselbe Vorrichtung im Querschnitt.
- Figure 1
- a schematic longitudinal section through a device according to the invention, which is installed in an air separation double column, and
- Figure 2
- the same device in cross section.
Das Gehäuse der Vorrichtung wird bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel durch den Mantel 1 einer Doppelsäule zur Tieftemperaturluftzerlegung gebildet, die eine Drucksäule 2 und eine Niederdrucksäule 3 aufweist. Von den beiden Säulen sind nur der Kopfbeziehungsweise Sumpfbereich dargestellt. Der gesamte Kondensator-Verdampfer ist als ein Plattenwärmetauscher-Block 4 ausgebildet. In der Schnittdarstellung von Figur 1 ist eine der Verdampfungspassagen dargestellt. Die senkrechten Linien stellen keine Wände zwischen verschiedenen Passagen dar, sondern die Einbauten (Fins) innerhalb der einen Verdampfungspassage. Die Anordnung der Passagen ist in Figur 2 schematisch im Querschnitt dargestellt: Schichtweise wechseln sich Verdampfungspassagen 15 und Heizfluidpassagen 16 ab. Die Höhe der Passagen (Abstand zwischen zwei Platten) liegt beispielsweise bei 2 bis 10 mm. Die Gesamtzahl der nebeneinander angeordneten Passagen beträgt - je nach deren Höhe - beispielsweise 10 bis 400.In the exemplary embodiment, the housing of the device is formed by the jacket 1 of a double column for low-temperature air separation, which has a
An der Oberseite des Kondensator-Verdampfers wird flüssiger Sauerstoff 5 aus der Niederdrucksäule 3 über einen Verteiler 6 auf die Flüssigkeitspassagen des ersten Wärmeaustauschers (Fallfilmverdampfers) aufgegeben, der durch den oberen Abschnitt 7 des Blocks 4 gebildet wird. Im Übergangsbereich 8 wird das Flüssigkeits-Dampfgemisch seitlich aus dem Block 4 heraus geleitet und strömt in den Außenraum 10 zwischen Block 4 und Mantel 1.At the top of the condenser-evaporator,
Der untere Teil 9 derselben Passagen bildet die Verdampfungspassagen des als Flüssigkeitsbadverdampfer ausgebildeten zweiten Wärmeaustauschers. Sie sind an ihrer Unterseite offen und kommunizieren dadurch mit einem Flüssigkeitsbad 11. Nach oben strömender Dampf und eventuell mitgerissene Flüssigkeit strömen im Übergangsbereich 8 seitlich aus dem Block 4 heraus (links in der Zeichnung). Durch jede Verdampfungspassage verläuft eine Trennleiste 17 schräg durch den Übergangsbereich, die den ersten und den zweiten Wärmeaustauscher voneinander trennt.The lower part 9 of the same passages forms the evaporation passages of the second heat exchanger designed as a liquid bath evaporator. They are open on their underside and thus communicate with a
Der in den beiden Wärmeaustauschern gebildete Dampf wird zu einem Teil über die Produktleitung 12 abgeführt; zu einem anderen Teil strömt er in die Niederdrucksäule 3. Der flüssig verbliebene Anteil aus beiden Wärmeaustauschern fällt in das Flüssigkeitsbad 11, aus dem der zweite Wärmeaustauscher 9 gespeist wird. Dort kann über Leitung 20 bei Bedarf Sauerstoff flüssig entnommen werden.Some of the steam formed in the two heat exchangers is removed via the
Als Heizfluid dient gasförmiger Stickstoff, der vom Kopf der Drucksäule 2 herangeführt (13) wird. Er wird über einen Header 14 oben auf die Heizfluidpassagen 16 des ersten Wärmeaustauschers 7 aufgegeben. Die (in Figur 1 nicht dargestellten) Heizfluidpassagen verlaufen bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel ohne Trennung über die gesamte Höhe des Blocks 4, das heißt durch den ersten Wärmeaustauscher 7, den Übergangsbereich 8 und den zweiten Wärmeaustauscher 9. Allenfalls die Dichte oder der Typ der Einbauten (Fins) kann sich über die Höhe der Heizfluidpassagen ändern. Nach Durchlaufen der gesamten Höhe des Blocks 4 wird der - bei dem Wärmeaustausch mit dem verdampfenden Sauerstoff kondensierte - Stickstoff am unteren Ende des zweiten Wärmeaustauschers 9 über einen Sammler 18 aus dem Heizfluidpassagen abgezogen und über Leitung 19 in ein Gefäß am Kopf der Drucksäule 2 geführt.Gaseous nitrogen, which is brought up from the top of the pressure column 2 (13), serves as the heating fluid. It is applied to the
Die Länge (vertikale Ausdehnung) des ersten Wärmeaustauschers 7 beträgt in einem konkreten Beispiel 1,7 m, der zweite Wärmeaustauschers 9 ist 2,8 m lang; der Übergangsbereich 8 weist in der Vertikalen eine Ausdehnung von 0,6 m auf, die Stapelhöhe der Platten (Vertikale in Figur 2) ist gleich 1,20 m bei einer Passagenhöhe (Plattenabstand) von 6 mm.The length (vertical extension) of the first heat exchanger 7 is 1.7 m in a specific example, the second heat exchanger 9 is 2.8 m long; The transition area 8 has an vertical extent of 0.6 m, the stack height of the plates (vertical in FIG. 2) is equal to 1.20 m with a passage height (plate spacing) of 6 mm.
Der Kondensator-Verdampfer vereinigt in einem Block 4 die Funktionen zweier verschiedenartiger Wärmetauscher 7, 9. Dennoch ist der Herstellungsaufwand kaum größer als bei einem üblichen Plattenwärmeaustauscher: Während die Heizfluidpassagen völlig konventionell ausgeführt sein können, sind lediglich im Übergangsbereich 8 der Verdampfungspassagen einige zusätzliche Maßnahmen notwendig, nämlich der Einbau von schräg verlaufenden Fins und einer Trennleiste 17, sowie die seitliche Öffnung der Verdampfungspassagen. Insgesamt ergibt sich eine sehr kostengünstige und kompakte Anordnung, die die Vorteile von Fallfilmverdampfern und Flüssigkeitsbadverdampfern auf sich vereinigt.The condenser-evaporator combines the functions of two different types of heat exchangers 7, 9 in a
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19605500A DE19605500C1 (en) | 1996-02-14 | 1996-02-14 | Liquid oxygen generator process assembly |
| DE19605500 | 1996-02-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0795349A1 true EP0795349A1 (en) | 1997-09-17 |
| EP0795349B1 EP0795349B1 (en) | 2001-12-05 |
Family
ID=7785408
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96107773A Expired - Lifetime EP0795349B1 (en) | 1996-02-14 | 1996-05-15 | Device and process for evaporating a liquid |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5901574A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0795349B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH09273699A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1082824C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19605500C1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2786858A1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2000-06-09 | Air Liquide | HEAT EXCHANGER |
| EP1077356A1 (en) * | 1999-08-19 | 2001-02-21 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Multi-staged condenser with cooling circuit |
| EP1094286A1 (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2001-04-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for cryogenic air separation |
| US6430961B1 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2002-08-13 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for the low-temperature fractionation of air |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2790546B1 (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2001-04-20 | Air Liquide | HEAT EXCHANGER, APPLICATIONS FOR VAPORIZATION OF PRESSURIZED LIQUID AND AIR DISTILLATION APPARATUS PROVIDED WITH SUCH AN EXCHANGER |
| FR2796137B1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-09-14 | Air Liquide | BATH SPRAY CONDENSER WITH BRAZED PLATES AND ITS APPLICATION TO AN AIR DISTILLATION APPARATUS |
| US6173586B1 (en) * | 1999-08-31 | 2001-01-16 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Cryogenic rectification system for producing very high purity oxygen |
| FR2807826B1 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2002-06-14 | Air Liquide | BATH TYPE CONDENSER VAPORIZER |
| DE10027140A1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-06 | Linde Ag | Multi-storey bathroom condenser |
| DE10028866A1 (en) * | 2000-06-10 | 2001-12-20 | Messer Ags Gmbh | Process and apparatus for the production of argon |
| FR2817952A1 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-06-14 | Air Liquide | CONDENSER VAPORIZER AND AIR DISTILLATION SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A VAPORIZER-CONDENSER |
| FR2822079B1 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2003-05-16 | Air Liquide | PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ULTRA-PURE OXYGEN BY AIR DISTILLATION |
| US6393866B1 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2002-05-28 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Cryogenic condensation and vaporization system |
| EP1837614A1 (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2007-09-26 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for the vaporisation of an oxygen enriched liquid and process and device for the cryogenic separation of air |
| US9476641B2 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2016-10-25 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Down-flow condenser reboiler system for use in an air separation plant |
| US8361231B2 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2013-01-29 | Ckd Corporation | Liquid vaporization system |
| CN101890316B (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-07-11 | 宝钢工程技术集团有限公司 | Method for evaporating liquid and mixing gas and steam |
| CN103998883B (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2016-12-14 | 林德股份公司 | Method and apparatus for cryogenic separation of air |
| US9453674B2 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2016-09-27 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Main heat exchange system and method for reboiling |
| CN104197189B (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2017-06-30 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | A kind of liquid oxygen gasifier device |
| CN113874007A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2021-12-31 | 阿佩克斯有限责任公司 | Systems, methods, and apparatus for cannabinoid mixture separation and solvent recovery |
| US11774189B2 (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2023-10-03 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Heat exchanger, hardway fin arrangement for a heat exchanger, and methods relating to same |
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| FR2650379B1 (en) * | 1989-07-28 | 1991-10-18 | Air Liquide | VAPORIZATION-CONDENSATION APPARATUS FOR DOUBLE AIR DISTILLATION COLUMN, AND AIR DISTILLATION INSTALLATION COMPRISING SUCH AN APPARATUS |
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- 1996-02-14 DE DE19605500A patent/DE19605500C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-05-15 EP EP96107773A patent/EP0795349B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-15 DE DE59608371T patent/DE59608371D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-02-10 JP JP9039699A patent/JPH09273699A/en active Pending
- 1997-02-14 US US08/799,962 patent/US5901574A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-14 CN CN97100078A patent/CN1082824C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| EP0469780A1 (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-02-05 | The BOC Group plc | Boiling liquefied gas |
| US5438836A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1995-08-08 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Downflow plate and fin heat exchanger for cryogenic rectification |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2786858A1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2000-06-09 | Air Liquide | HEAT EXCHANGER |
| EP1077356A1 (en) * | 1999-08-19 | 2001-02-21 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Multi-staged condenser with cooling circuit |
| EP1094286A1 (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2001-04-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for cryogenic air separation |
| US6430961B1 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2002-08-13 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for the low-temperature fractionation of air |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59608371D1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
| JPH09273699A (en) | 1997-10-21 |
| US5901574A (en) | 1999-05-11 |
| DE19605500C1 (en) | 1997-04-17 |
| CN1082824C (en) | 2002-04-17 |
| EP0795349B1 (en) | 2001-12-05 |
| CN1161874A (en) | 1997-10-15 |
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