EP0765528B1 - Elektrische glühlampe und leuchtkörper für glühlampen - Google Patents
Elektrische glühlampe und leuchtkörper für glühlampen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0765528B1 EP0765528B1 EP95920744A EP95920744A EP0765528B1 EP 0765528 B1 EP0765528 B1 EP 0765528B1 EP 95920744 A EP95920744 A EP 95920744A EP 95920744 A EP95920744 A EP 95920744A EP 0765528 B1 EP0765528 B1 EP 0765528B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- incandescent lamp
- electric incandescent
- luminous element
- lamp according
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/28—Envelopes; Vessels
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electric light bulb according to the preamble of the claim 1, as well as filament lights, suitable for incandescent lamps, especially for incandescent lamps according to claim 1.
- This type of lamp is used in general lighting as well as for special ones Lighting purposes used, in combination with a reflector, for example in projection technology.
- IR layer for short - The rotationally symmetrical shape of the lamp bulb combined with one on it Inner and / or outer surface applied IR radiation reflecting coating - hereinafter referred to as IR layer for short - causes a Most of the IR radiation power emitted by the filament reflects back becomes.
- the resulting increase in lamp efficiency can be achieved on the one hand with constant electrical power consumption for a temperature increase of the Luminous body and consequently use an increase in luminous flux.
- On the other hand can be a predetermined luminous flux with lower electrical power consumption achieve - an advantageous "energy saving effect".
- Another desirable effect is that due to the IR layer significantly less IR radiation power through the Lamp bulb emitted through and thus the environment is warmed as when conventional light bulbs.
- the power density increases the IR radiation components within the lamp bulb with the number the reflections and consequently the efficiency of the incandescent lamp. Crucial for the actually achievable increase in efficiency, it is therefore for a return of the individual IR rays to the filament required number from minimizing reflections.
- a spherical lamp bulb for example, should ideally be one have centrally arranged also spherical luminous bodies.
- Appropriate Spiral shapes are usually due to the limited ductility of this
- the tungsten wire used can only be implemented to a very limited extent.
- a cube-shaped helix is suggested.
- the helix has the in the middle largest diameter. This gradually takes to the two ends of the helix from. It is proposed for an ellipsoidal piston shape in the two focal points each of the ellipsoid to arrange a filament.
- EP-A 0 470 496 discloses a lamp with a spherical bulb, in the A cylindrical filament is arranged in the center. This scripture teaches that the Loss of efficiency due to the deviation of the filament from the ideal spherical shape be limited to an acceptable level under the following conditions can. Either bulb diameter and filament diameter or -lengths are carefully coordinated within a tolerance range, or the diameter of the filament must be significantly smaller (smaller Factor 0.05) than that of the lamp bulb. Also, a lamp with an ellipsoidal Piston specified, in the focal line an elongated filament axially arranged is.
- FR-A 2 449 969 also discloses a lamp with an ellipsoidal bulb. Inside the bulb is a cylindrical filament symmetrical and axially between the two focal points of the ellipsoid of revolution.
- DE-OS 30 35 068 finally gives a lesson to minimize the latter embodiment inevitable aberration losses. After that lie the two focal points of the ellipsoidal lamp bulb on the axis of the cylindrical one Luminous body and at predetermined intervals from its respective ends.
- the invention has for its object to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned and specify an incandescent lamp that is characterized by an efficient return of the emitted IR radiation on the filament and consequently a high efficiency.
- compact lamp dimensions with high luminance should be possible are being striven for, especially for low-voltage halogen incandescent lamps becomes.
- the basic idea of the invention is based on the rotationally symmetrical piston wall to shape such that almost all IR rays that are on the outer surface of a within the lamp bulb axially arranged filament, with essentially circular cylindrical outer shape, are generated after reflection on the piston wall get back to the filament.
- the piston surface corresponds essentially to an ellipsoidal barrel body and is generated by rotating a possibly only approximate elliptical section.
- the axis of rotation lies in the plane of the ellipse section and is larger to the latter Semi-axis shifted parallel by a distance. This describes the two Focal points of the ellipse section each have an annular focal line.
- the distance corresponds approximately to the radius of the approximately circular cylindrical envelope of the filament.
- the length of the Luminous body corresponds approximately to the distance between the two focal lines or can also deviate slightly from it. As a result, the two ring-shaped fall approximately Focal lines of the barrel body each with the last glowing turn together at the two ends of the filament.
- Axially arranged single or double filaments made of tungsten are used as the illuminant.
- the filament is electrically connected to two power supplies, the either both together at one end of the lamp bulb or separately the two opposite ends of the lamp bulb led gastight to the outside are. Sealing is generally done through a pinch. Is possible but also a different closing technique, e.g. a melting plate.
- the one-sided closed version is particularly suitable for NV applications. In this Case can be very compact lamp dimensions due to the relatively short filament realize. With the comparatively long and generally less stiff Coils for HV applications, it can be advantageous to pass through the filament an axially arranged holding device made of electrically insulating heat-resistant Support material, as suggested for example in DE-GM 91 15 714 is. If the lamp bulb is closed on both sides, this may not be necessary because in this case the helix ends at both ends a sufficiently rigid axially arranged power supply can be fixed.
- the largest possible Part of the piston wall can be used as an effective reflection surface.
- This leaves can be realized in particular in that the lamp bulb on one or possibly each has a lamp neck at both ends in the area of the current feedthrough.
- the lamp neck surrounds the current feedthrough as closely as possible and goes into one Seal over. So that during the manufacture of the lamp the filament can be inserted through the lamp neck into the lamp bulb, the inner Diameter z of the lamp neck, if necessary, at least at one end of the lamp bulb be slightly larger than the outer diameter d of the filament. Typical values for the difference between the two diameters are up to 5 mm, preferably less than 2 mm.
- D denotes the largest perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the lamp bulb Outside diameter, the overall relationship d ⁇ z ⁇ D. have shown that the lamp according to the invention with good efficiency can operate with compact dimensions, as long as the quotient d / D from the outside Diameter d of the filament and largest outer diameter D of the lamp bulb is greater than approximately 0.15 and preferably in the range between greater than 0.15 and less than 0.5, and the quotient d / z from the outer diameter d of the filament and the inner diameter z of the lamp neck is greater than 0.25, preferably greater is equal to 0.4.
- the lamp bulb is shown as a closed ellipsoidal barrel body 1 with a vanishing wall thickness, in the interior of which a luminous body 2 with a circular cylindrical outer contour is arranged centrally axially.
- the power supply lines and the pinch (s) are not shown for simplification.
- the longitudinal axis r of the luminous element 2 forms the axis of rotation of the barrel element 1.
- the part of the barrel element which is directly adjacent to the lateral surface of the luminous element is generated by an ellipse half 3.
- the four corner points of the rectangular longitudinal section of the luminous element are identical to the focal points F 1 , F 2 , F 1 ', F 2 ' of the two opposite ellipse halves 3, 3 'of the bulb partial contour. Due to the rotational symmetry, the two focal points of the generating ellipse half describe two corresponding circular focal lines f 1 and f 2 , which coincide with the two circular edges of the outer contour of the circular-cylindrical luminous element. The maximum distance between the outer surface of the luminous element and the bulb wall thus corresponds to the small semi-axis b of the ellipse half generating the bulb part contour.
- the contours of the lamp bulb and the luminous element are each concentric to each other Circles. Approximately circular forms are therefore formed in these levels Shafts from, the wave fronts are adapted to the corresponding piston contour and consequently be reflected back undisturbed.
- the geometrical dimensioning of the helix is essentially calculated from the intended electrical power consumption.
- the small semi-axis b and thus the largest diameter D 2 ⁇ ( b + d / 2 ) of the lamp bulb is a “freely” selectable parameter. This means that differently compact lamp bulbs can be realized while maintaining the described basic reflection conditions.
- the IR layer is on the inner surface of the lamp bulb upset.
- this inner surface is approximately closed an optimal reflective surface for those emanating from the outer surface of the filament IR rays shaped.
- the shape of the inner surface is generally not so precisely controlled be like this with the outer surface - for example by means of appropriate form rollers - is possible.
- the IR layer generally does not exactly have the calculated one Contour on.
- the material of the coating must be resistant in this case be against the filling.
- the IR layer is located on the outer surface of the lamp bulb, so that no consideration is given to the filling are needed.
- the IR layer can be applied in a simple manner. Indeed are now the IR rays emanating from the outer surface of the filament at the interface between the medium inside the lamp bulb and broken that of the lamp bulb wall. The resulting beam offset leads that - depending on the wall thickness and the difference in refractive index at the interface - some rays, especially those emanating from the focal points, are not be reflected back into the focal line. To optimize lamp efficiency it is therefore advantageous to adjust the beam offset by a corresponding to compensate for the adapted piston contour.
- the generator is in this case a slightly modified ellipse section (not shown) that calculates numerically must become.
- the lamp bulb is closed on one side the inner diameter of the lamp neck is only slightly larger than the outer one Diameter of the filament. For this reason, the lamp bulb, in particular if it is by a relatively wide due to the film implementation Pinch seal is closed, a pronounced constriction in the area of Lamp neck on. This creates a particularly large effective reflection surface of the entire lamp bulb and consequently a correspondingly high efficiency.
- a particularly compact design of the power supply lines and the Luminaire developed.
- the power supply lines from the seal to the Luminous body ends guided within the outer diameter of the filament.
- the end of the filament is distant from the seal connected power supply returned within the filament, preferred centric axial. This prevents shading of the coil surface.
- a particularly compact arrangement is a double helical spiral structure.
- the filament consists of two spatially interlocking filament sections.
- the two spiral sections are of the same type Screw lines realized. These are arranged so that their two longitudinal axes collapse and shifted in the axial direction by about half a climbing height are.
- the climbing height is defined here as the distance within which the Make one full turn of the helix.
- the two spiral sections are connected to one another. On the opposite At the end of the filament, both filament sections go into a power supply about.
- compact filament shapes can be used not only for barrel bodies also use with other piston shapes, for example with ellipsoids or spherical pistons as quoted at the beginning.
- the pitch of the filament of the filament is advantageously as small as possible the IR rays reflected by the lamp bulb are highly likely to be reflected on the Meet light fixtures.
- Such a compact design of the filament is particularly easy with low-voltage lamps achieve, since the thickness of the spiral wire is particularly large.
- manufacture with high rigidity In order to can be short filament according to the embodiments described above manufacture with high rigidity.
- the compact geometric dimensions predestine this lamp in particular for a combination with an external reflector, such as in the Projection technology is used.
- the optical system efficiency is namely around the higher, the better the light source used approximates an ideal point light source is.
- At least one variant one of the two power leads of the filament in the direction of your end far from the filament at a distance greater than the inner diameter z of the Lamp neck spread.
- the spread takes place over the entire length or even only over a portion of the respective power supply.
- Both preferably point Power supplies the same spread, symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the Filament. Support themselves when inserting the filament into the lamp bulb the ends of the power supply lines remote from the filament on the inner wall of the lamp neck and thus force the luminous element to be centered in one plane inside the lamp bulb.
- the lamp bulb is usually filled with inert gas, for example with N 2 , Xe, Ar and / or Kr.
- inert gas for example with N 2 , Xe, Ar and / or Kr.
- halogen additives which maintain a tungsten-halogen cycle in order to counteract blackening of the bulb.
- the lamp bulb is made of a translucent material, such as quartz glass.
- the lamp can be operated with an outer bulb. Will be a particularly strong one Reduction of the IR power emitted into the environment can be achieved also have an IR layer.
- the IR layer can, for example, as an interference filter known per se - usually a sequence of alternating dielectric layers of different refractive indices - be executed.
- the basic structure of suitable IR layers is e.g. in EP-A 0 470 496.
- FIG. 4 A first exemplary embodiment of a lamp 4 according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. It is a halogen incandescent lamp with a nominal voltage of 12 V and a nominal power of 75 W. It consists of a lamp bulb 5 pinched on one side, which is shaped as an ellipsoidal barrel body. It is made of quartz glass with a wall thickness of approx. 1 mm and merges at its first end into a neck 9 which ends in a pinch seal 6. At its opposite end it has a pump tip 7. An IR layer 8 consisting of an interference filter with more than 20 layers of Ta 2 O 5 and SiO 2 is applied to its outer surface.
- the outer surface of the calculated contour of the ellipsoidal barrel body is embossed.
- the largest outer diameter of the lamp bulb 5 is approximately 10 mm and the length of the lamp neck 9 is approximately 3 mm with an outer diameter of approximately 6 mm.
- Inside the lamp bulb there is a filling of approx. 6670 hPa xenon (Xe) with an admixture of 5600 ppm hydrogen bromide (HBr) as well as an axially arranged filament 2 'with a length of 3.7 mm and an outer diameter of 2.2 mm.
- the filament 2 ' is made of tungsten wire with a diameter of 227 microns and a length of 94 mm, its electrical resistance at room temperature is approximately 0.09 ⁇ .
- the tungsten wire has become a simple helix wound, which has 11 turns with a pitch of 316 microns and a core diameter of 1746 ⁇ m, corresponding to a pitch factor of approx. 1.39 and a core factor of approx.7.7.
- the current leads 10a, b are formed directly by the spiral wire and with Molybdenum foils 11a, b connected in the pinch seal 6.
- the molybdenum foils 11a, b are in turn connected to outer socket pins 12a, b.
- the first power supply 10a is parallel to the lamp axis and in alignment with the outer surface of the Luminous body 2 'out.
- the second power supply 10b of the luminous element 2 ' is bent towards the axis and runs centrally along the axis of the turns to the end remote from the base. In this way, any shadowing is avoided.
- the lamp has a color temperature of approx. 3150 K.
- the luminous flux is 2100 Im, corresponding to a luminous efficacy of 28.7 Im / W. Compared to operating it Lamps without an IR layer can save up to 25% of the electrical energy.
- FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a lamp 4 ′ according to the invention schematic representation.
- the Conditions in Figure 2 therefore hit the IR rays directly on the IR layer without pass the wall of the lamp bulb 5 beforehand.
- the axially centric single coiled Luminous body 13 is double helical directly from a 227 ⁇ m thick tungsten wire shaped.
- One half of the coil of the coil body is of the type Right screw guided in the direction of the pump tip 7.
- the second half is the same Direction of rotation, but spiraled in the opposite direction.
- the two power supplies 10a, 10b are formed directly by the ends of the helix wire. They are in the Level of the pinch seal 6 arranged and parallel to each other - approximately at a distance the diameter of the coil - from the end of the filament near the base led to the molybdenum foils 11a, b connected to base pins 12a, b.
- FIG. 4 A further exemplary embodiment of a lamp 4 ′′ according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 4. It is a HV halogen incandescent lamp squeezed on one side with an outer coating 8, which is suitable for direct operation at a mains voltage of 230 V. 18 helical turns. These are wound on an electrically insulating tube 15 made of Al 2 O 3 ceramic, which ensures good mechanical and thermal stability. This is of great importance for optimum efficiency of this 4 "lamp, since this is the only way to ensure the outer surface of the filament 14 can be fixed with the required accuracy between the two focal lines of the lamp bulb 16. This is particularly true when the lamp 4 ′′ is operated horizontally. In this case, the tube 15 prevents the long and less rigid lamp body 14 from bending.
- the end of the lamp body 14 remote from the seal is electrically conductively connected to the internal return 17 via a tungsten bracket 171 the luminous element 14 is axially centered on the support of the inner return 17 in the pump tip 18. Further details on this type of holding of a luminous element can be found in DE-GM 91 15 714.
- FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a lamp 4 '' according to the invention shown schematically. It is a double-sided pinched HV halogen lamp with outer coating 8, which is for direct operation on a mains voltage of 120 V is suitable.
- a lamp bulb 19 Inside the lamp bulb 19 is a single helix Luminous body 20 arranged concentrically, as in the previous examples each the last turn at the two ends of the filament 20 with the Focal lines of the lamp bulb 19 are approximately identical.
- the filament 20 is held by means of two axially arranged power supply lines 22a, 22b. Between the lamp bulb 19 and the two bruises 21a, 21b 4 "'each have a lamp neck 23a or 23b.
- the inner diameter of the first Lamp neck 23a is only slightly larger than the outside diameter of the filament 20.
- the lamp body 20 is through this lamp neck 23a inserted into the lamp bulb 19.
- the inside diameter of the opposite arranged lamp neck 23b is only slightly larger than that Diameter of the power supply line 22b which is closely surrounded by it.
- the Lamp 4 "'has a larger reflective surface at this end than at its opposite end The End.
- the lamp is preferably oriented so that that lamp end with the narrower lamp neck 23b points down. To this A temperature gradient caused by convection between counteracted the two filament ends.
- the invention is not restricted to the specified exemplary embodiments. Especially can individual features of different embodiments with each other be combined.
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- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- das Grundprinzip der Erfindung anhand eines Längsschnitts durch einen ellipsoiden Tonnenkörper,
- Fig. 2
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen einseitig gequetschten NV-Lampe mit Außenbeschichtung,
- Fig. 3
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen einseitig gequetschten NV-Lampe mit Innenbeschichtung,
- Fig. 4
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen einseitig gequetschten HV-Lampe mit Außenbeschichtung,
- Fig. 5
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen zweiseitig gequetschten HV-Lampe mit Außenbeschichtung.
Claims (14)
- Elektrische Glühlampe, insbesondere Halogenglühlampe (4-4"'), mit einem eine Längsachse aufweisenden rotationssymmetrischen Lampenkolben (5, 16, 19), bei dem eine Wandfläche mit einer IR-Strahlung reflektierenden Schicht (8) versehen ist, wobei ein gewendelter Leuchtkörper (2,2',13,14,20) axial im Lampenkolben angeordnet und mittels zweier Stromzuführungen (10a,b-22a,b) gehaltert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Lampenkolben (5, 16, 19) einen Tonnenkörper mit ellipsoider oder ggf. ellipsoidähnlicher Teilkontur bildet.
- Elektrische Glühlampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei Brennlinien der ellipsoiden oder ggf. ellipsoidähnlichen Teilkontur des Tonnenkörpers (1, 5, 16, 19) jeweils näherungsweise mit der letzten leuchtenden Windung an den beiden Enden des Leuchtkörpers (2,2',13,14,20) zusammenfallen.
- Elektrische Glühlampe nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die IR-Strahlung reflektierende Schicht (8') auf der Innenfläche des Lampenkolbens (5) aufgebracht ist.
- Elektrische Glühlampe nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der ellipsoide oder ggf. ellipsoidähnliche Teil der Kontur des Tonnenkörpers (1, 5, 16, 19) durch einen zumindest angenäherten Ellipsenabschnitt (3) erzeugt wird.
- Elektrische Glühlampe nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die große Halbachse des zumindest angenäherten Ellipsenabschnitts parallel zur Lampenlängsachse verschoben ist, insbesondere ungefähr um den äußeren Radius des Leuchtkörpers (2, 2', 13, 14, 20).
- Elektrische Glühlampe nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Länge des Leuchtkörpers (2, 2', 13, 14, 20) näherungsweise dem Abstand der beiden Brennpunkte des Ellipsenabschnitts entspricht.
- Elektrische Glühlampe nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Lampenkolben (5, 16, 19) mindestens an einem Ende einen Lampenhals (9, 23a, 23b) aufweist, der mindestens eine Stromzuführung (10a,b, 22a,b) möglichst eng umgibt und der gasdicht (6, 21a,b) verschlossen ist.
- Elektrische Glühlampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Quotient d/D aus Außendurchmesser d des Leuchtkörpers (2', 13, 14, 20) und größtem Außendurchmesser D des Lampenkolbens (5, 16, 19) größer als ca. 0,15 ist und wobei der Quotient d/z aus äußerem Durchmesser d des Leuchtkörpers (2', 13, 14, 20) und innerem Durchmesser z mindestens eines Lampenhalses (9, 23a) größer als ca. 0,25 ist.
- Elektrische Glühlampe nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Quotient d/z bevorzugt größer oder gleich 0,4 ist.
- Elektrische Glühlampe nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Quotient d/D bevorzugt im Bereich zwischen größer 0,15 und kleiner 0,5 liegt.
- Elektrische Glühlampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Stromzuführungen (10a,10b) gemeinsam in einem Abstand durch einen Lampenhals (9) gefiihrt sind, der kleiner oder gleich dem äußeren Durchmesser d des Leuchtkörpers (2',13) ist.
- Elektrische Glühlampe nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leuchtkörper durch eine Schraubenwendel (2') realisiert ist, deren dichtungsferne Stromzuführung (10b) innerhalb der Schraubenwendel (2') zurückgeführt ist.
- Elektrische Glühlampe nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leuchtkörper (14) durch eine axial angeordnete Haltevorrichtung (15) aus elektrisch isolierendem Material unterstützt ist.
- Elektrische Glühlampe nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leuchtkörper doppelhelixartig geformt ist (13).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4420607 | 1994-06-13 | ||
DE4420607A DE4420607A1 (de) | 1994-06-13 | 1994-06-13 | Elektrische Glühlampe und Leuchtkörper für Glühlampen |
PCT/DE1995/000718 WO1995034910A1 (de) | 1994-06-13 | 1995-06-01 | Elektrische glühlampe und leuchtkörper für glühlampen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0765528A1 EP0765528A1 (de) | 1997-04-02 |
EP0765528B1 true EP0765528B1 (de) | 1999-09-08 |
Family
ID=6520462
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95920744A Expired - Lifetime EP0765528B1 (de) | 1994-06-13 | 1995-06-01 | Elektrische glühlampe und leuchtkörper für glühlampen |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5811934A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0765528B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3886529B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1068455C (de) |
CA (1) | CA2192087C (de) |
DE (2) | DE4420607A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2137517T3 (de) |
HU (1) | HU218060B (de) |
TW (1) | TW446990B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995034910A1 (de) |
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US8278823B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2012-10-02 | General Electric Company | Thermo-optically functional compositions, systems and methods of making |
US20080237500A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-02 | General Electric Company | Thermo-optically functional compositions, systems and methods of making |
US20080266849A1 (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2008-10-30 | Nielson Lyman O | Fluorescent lighting conversion to led lighting using a power converter |
DE202007017598U1 (de) * | 2007-12-18 | 2008-07-31 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Halogenglühlampe mit IRC-Beschichtung |
DE102008032167A1 (de) | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Halogenglühlampe |
DE202008009152U1 (de) | 2008-07-08 | 2008-09-11 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Halogenglühlampe |
US9515628B2 (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2016-12-06 | Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development Lp | Open-gain trans-impedance amplifier with programmable input impedance |
DE102020118732A1 (de) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-01-20 | Awas Ag | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung sowie System mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung |
CN114081259A (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-02-25 | 深圳汝原科技有限公司 | 红外光源、辐射源和干燥装置 |
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US2462858A (en) * | 1945-07-24 | 1949-03-01 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Filament structure for electron discharge devices |
NL269971A (de) * | 1960-10-18 | |||
US3255375A (en) * | 1961-11-29 | 1966-06-07 | Varian Associates | Electrical heating device |
US3355619A (en) * | 1964-09-11 | 1967-11-28 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Incandescent lamp |
NL184651C (nl) * | 1979-02-26 | 1989-09-18 | Philips Nv | Elektrische gloeilamp. |
US4283653A (en) * | 1979-09-17 | 1981-08-11 | Duro-Test Corporation | High emissivity filament for energy conserving incandescent lamps with infrared radiation returning envelopes |
US4375605A (en) * | 1979-09-17 | 1983-03-01 | Duro-Test Corporation | Ellipsoidal envelope for incandescent lamp with infrared energy return means |
KR920001333B1 (ko) * | 1989-11-09 | 1992-02-10 | 삼성전관 주식회사 | 디스펜서 음극 |
EP0657752A1 (de) * | 1993-12-08 | 1995-06-14 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Optische Beschichtung und damit beschichtete Lampe |
-
1994
- 1994-06-13 DE DE4420607A patent/DE4420607A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-06-01 JP JP50144996A patent/JP3886529B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-01 EP EP95920744A patent/EP0765528B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-01 CA CA002192087A patent/CA2192087C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-01 US US08/737,873 patent/US5811934A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-01 WO PCT/DE1995/000718 patent/WO1995034910A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-06-01 CN CN95193587A patent/CN1068455C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-01 HU HU9603431A patent/HU218060B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-01 ES ES95920744T patent/ES2137517T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-01 DE DE59506803T patent/DE59506803D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-07 TW TW084105728A patent/TW446990B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107917350A (zh) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-04-17 | 安徽世林照明股份有限公司 | 一种螺旋式灯丝的led灯珠及其灯丝缠绕连接方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HU9603431D0 (en) | 1997-02-28 |
CA2192087A1 (en) | 1995-12-21 |
WO1995034910A1 (de) | 1995-12-21 |
HUT75819A (en) | 1997-05-28 |
CA2192087C (en) | 2003-04-08 |
JP3886529B2 (ja) | 2007-02-28 |
TW446990B (en) | 2001-07-21 |
DE4420607A1 (de) | 1995-12-14 |
US5811934A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
ES2137517T3 (es) | 1999-12-16 |
JPH10501368A (ja) | 1998-02-03 |
CN1150863A (zh) | 1997-05-28 |
DE59506803D1 (de) | 1999-10-14 |
HU218060B (hu) | 2000-05-28 |
EP0765528A1 (de) | 1997-04-02 |
CN1068455C (zh) | 2001-07-11 |
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