EP0683288B2 - Facing panel of composite material for producing a façade covering - Google Patents

Abstract

The cladding consists of an outer layer (2) of polyester which is polymerised at high pressure, is rot-proof and self-cleaning, and an inner layer (3) of expanded polystyrene which is stuck to the back of the outer layer. The upper and lower edges of the outer layer are shaped so that each successive row engages with the one below it, i.e. by having a recessed upper edge (8) which receives the offset lower edge (9) of the next row to ensure that the outer surface is flat, regardless of faults in the support. The upper edge of the outer layer is used to receive fixings (13) which are concealed by the next row. The channel also has water drainage channels and outlets. The polyester used for the outer layer of the cladding is pref. made from 18 - 23% polyester resin. 7-10% glass fibres and 60-70% mineral filling, with colouring or other additive to ease separation from the mould. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a facing in composite material for producing a coating of facade.

It will find its application in the field of the building industry when trying to achieve new facades or that we would like to repair and consolidate existing facades by having access to building from the outside and inside.

The facade cladding will for example be called clothing when it is fixed on an existing support. The clothing is usually placed directly on all raw or coated supports, flat and vertical but in case of poor flatness of these supports, we can then add a frame on which the facing will be fixed made of composite material. When there is interposition of a frame, we no longer speak of clothing but of cladding on the building using a facade insulating coating.

These coatings usually have two main functions, thermal insulation and waterproofing, that they be applied to new constructions or the renovation of old buildings.

Among the clothes known today, if we achieves thermal insulation results it there are many drawbacks, particularly with regard to relates to the ease of installation on the site because these clothes have fixing means on the facade, in general, complicated, produced by rails on which we just fit hooks to fix the different elements of the facing on the rail or at the way of the tiles on a roof. We can also use T-rails In addition to the mounting difficulties, these clothes have another important disadvantage: they are unsightly since all the outer hooks are very prominent and visible. These hooks can be damaged or torn off.

Among the existing clothes, there are many possibilities for mounting. The coatings façade insulation currently used on the market consist of several elements that must be drawn, design, manufacture and store according to the type of siding used or depending on the area of the built clothing.

Given these means of attachment by rails or hooks, known clothing, consisting of assembly of different facing elements, are generally not very waterproof and it is necessary to achieve this use seals which risk over time deteriorate.

It is also necessary that the materials implemented have sufficient impact resistance and that they have qualities of self-washability to make disappear traces of graffiti made for example at spray painting.

We have already built clothes today or cladding made from a constituent panel the external surface of the facing, made of a material natural or synthetic. On this facing is stuck a insulating plate of sufficient thickness, for example from a few centimeters to several tens of centimeters. The most commonly used insulating plates generally consist of expanded polystyrene glued to the inside of the panel.

In known clothing, the insulating plates of expanded polystyrene are cut on their periphery to nest in the adjacent plate. This layout is required given the systems used but sometimes has a drawback because it may cause an extra thickness significant and defects in coating flatness all over the facade.

The panels have a flat surface but when are installed with the devices known for making an insulating facade coating, we see that there has differences in flatness, sometimes significant, with adjacent panels. It is common to see in certain areas of significant flatness defects and this is all the more annoying that an eye placed at the base from the wall and looking up into the air perceives them very easily under grazing light.

The patent is known from the state of the art WO-A-B403320 which discloses a facing used in the building industry for the production of coatings facades such as clothing. An exterior panel, constituting the external face of the facing, in contact with an insulating plate, has on its upper part a groove in which fits a tongue arranged on the inside of a second adjacent panel at first. The means of fixing the panel are located on the top of it in a withdrawal area and pass through the insulating plate. These fixing means are made invisible by fitting a second panel adjacent to the first. The plaques insulators are positioned end to end to ensure good flatness of the assembly of the panels between them.

However, this device has no means of evacuating condensation water and runoff, which damages and degrades fairly quickly the coating and the insulating plates.

The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks and for this purpose, one of his first goals is to provide a facing of usable composite material in the building industry for the realization of a coating facade, easy to manufacture because the number of elements making up the coating is reduced at least. All functions of insulation, interlocking, fixing and drainage will be concentrated in each decorative element constituting the covering façade insulation and only one type of element can to be implemented.

The installation of such a facing in composite material it will therefore be facilitated, which we seek to achieve a cladding fixed on an existing support or cladding fixed on an attached support. Installation will be very easy since the structure is simple and the means of fixing do not implement nor rails fixed on the wall, nor suitable hooks on the facing fixed on the rail.

Another purpose of facing in composite material usable in the building industry for the realization of a facade cladding according to the invention is provide very good waterproofing and protection of the facade vis-à-vis the rainwater collected on the external face of the facing or opposite condensation on the turned internal face towards the building.

Another purpose of facing in composite material for the realization of a facade cladding according to the invention is to have good impact resistance. The state panel surface will also have qualities of resistance and will preferably be rot-proof and self-washable.

Another advantage of material siding composite for the realization of a facade cladding according to the invention is that the connecting means have a very small surface area and volume and therefore will hidden by the adjacent panels. Surface condition exterior of the covering consisting of a multitude of panels will therefore have a very good flatness and a finish impeccable very flat, without any roughness or hook.

Another object of the facing in composite material for the realization of a facade cladding according to the invention is that the means of connecting the facings between them are secured to the resistant panel and do not stress the thicker polystyrene insulating plate expanded which has a lower resistance.

Another purpose of facing in composite material for the realization of a facade cladding according to the invention is to achieve excellent flatness at by means of insulating sheets of expanded polystyrene reconcilable end to end without any assembly or interpenetration of the panels into each other.

Another advantage of material siding composite for the realization of a facade cladding according to the invention is that each panel, when it is fitted into the four adjacent panels, has a surface rigorously flat with no excess thickness or defects. The adjoining surfaces of all adjacent panels are positioned as close as possible to each other others to improve insulation and impermeability to rainwater in vertical or horizontal areas of the facing.

Another purpose of facing in composite material for the realization of a facade cladding is use blocks of insulating plates not cut on their periphery to make the connection, which gives much better insulation and better bonding of facings.

Another advantage of material siding composite for the realization of a facade cladding is to make connecting means and a panel with insulating plates which can be brought together end to end allowing to implement a facade with a visible outer surface of flat materials and a surface minimum for joints between each facing, which is particularly interesting from an aesthetic point of view and on the insulation.

• un panneau en polyester moulé polymérisé à haute pression, imputrescible, auto-lavable, constituant la face externe visible du parement lorsqu'il est installé,
• une plaque isolante de polystyrène expansé collé sur la face interne du panneau,
• des moyens d'emboíture situés sur la rive supérieure du panneau dans la zone en retrait, constitués par une rainure dans laquelle s'engage une languette disposée sur la rive inférieure du panneau adjacent au premier, de sorte qu'en emboítant les panneaux entre eux, ceux-ci assurent une bonne planéité de la vêture et réduisent les défauts de support,
• des moyens de fixation du parement à la façade, invisible de la face externe du panneau, traversant la plaque isolanle et n'utilisant ni rail ni crochet pour la fixation du parement et disposés sur la rive supérieure du panneau dans la zone en retrait rendue invisible par la pose du panneau adjacent supérieur.
• les plaques isolantes, de l'ensemble des parements constituant le revêtement, étant rapprochables bout à bout sans assemblage pour assurer une meilleure planéité du revêtement sur toute la façade,
• des moyens de drainage permettant l'écoulement des eaux de condensation et de ruissellement.

caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de drainage sont constitués par des rainures réalisées sur la face interne du panneau.The present invention relates to a facing made of composite material usable in the building industry for the production of a facade covering such as a cladding when it is fixed on an existing support or a cladding when it is fixed on a support reported including:

• a molded polyester panel polymerized at high pressure, rot-proof, self-washable, constituting the visible external face of the facing when installed,
• an insulating sheet of expanded polystyrene bonded to the internal face of the panel,
• nesting means located on the upper edge of the panel in the recessed area, constituted by a groove in which engages a tongue disposed on the lower edge of the panel adjacent to the first, so that by fitting the panels together , these ensure good flatness of the cladding and reduce support defects,
• means for fixing the facing to the facade, invisible from the external face of the panel, passing through the insulating plate and using neither rail nor hook for fixing the facing and arranged on the upper edge of the panel in the recessed area made invisible by installing the upper adjacent panel.
• the insulating plates, of all the facings constituting the covering, being brought together end to end without assembly to ensure better flatness of the covering over the entire facade,
• drainage means allowing the flow of condensation and runoff water.

characterized in that said drainage means consist of grooves made on the internal face of the panel.

• la figure 1 est une coupe verticale d'un élément de parement en matériau composite selon l'invention,
• la figure 2 est une vue de face d'un élément de forme rectangulaire,
• la figure 3 est une coupe horizontale du parement en matériau composite selon l'invention,
• la figure 4 est une vue en coupe d'un revêtement isolant de façade assemblé et réalisé à partir de plusieurs parements en matériau composite,
• la figure 5 est une vue de détail d'un parement en matériau composite avec un départ au niveau du linteau.

The invention will be better understood by referring to the description below of a non-limiting embodiment illustrated by the drawings which form an integral part thereof, in which:

• FIG. 1 is a vertical section of a facing element made of composite material according to the invention,
• FIG. 2 is a front view of an element of rectangular shape,
• FIG. 3 is a horizontal section of the facing made of composite material according to the invention,
• FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an insulating facade covering assembled and produced from several facings of composite material,
• Figure 5 is a detail view of a facing of composite material with a departure at the lintel.

The insulating coat according to the invention is produced from small prefabricated elements, combining a molded panel for example made of HDC polyester "high durability compound" and an insulating plate machined either in polystyrene or in rock wool.

Each facing (1) is associated with the facing adjacent by interlocking in high sleepers and low and it is fixed to the supporting structure by through metal fasteners, arranged on the edges upper (5) of the panel (2) on the withdrawal area (7), and whose heads (14) are hidden by the overhang of the upper siding.

The facing (1) can be used to make a vertical façade insulating coating or a roof.

• résine polyester 18 à 23 %
• fibre de verre 7 à 10 %
• charges minérales 60 à 70 %
• adjuvant et colorant pour notamment faciliter le démoulage et donner au produit toutes les teintes souhaitées.

The polyester compound chosen will have high durability qualities and will be rot-proof and self-washable. Good results have been obtained by polymerizing under high pressure and temperature a polyester compound charged in the following manner:

• polyester resin 18 to 23%
• fiberglass 7 to 10%
• mineral charges 60 to 70%
• adjuvant and colorant in particular to facilitate demolding and to give the product all the desired colors.

Depending on the facing qualities (1) sought, the thickness of the high-polymerized panel (2) pressure may be a few millimeters. If this thickness is not sufficient to obtain good impact resistance, we can then strengthen for example areas exposed by a glass cloth that will be put before the polyester is molded.

The facing (1) according to the invention may naturally be realized in several dimensions but it will preferably always be of the same structure and same shape, which will facilitate manufacturing and installation.

Polyester can of course be replaced by any other thermosetting resin which may be adapted to the application.

It may for example be polyester resin unsaturated.

The weight per square meter of standard elements, for the implementation of a garment with a usual thickness of insulation (3), for example 60 millimeters, is reasonable since it is between 8 and 10 kilograms.

The facing (1) according to the invention has also very good insulation and very good sealing. These results are obtained by means of sockets specific to the invention and from the network drainage system used to collect water from rain or condensation.

The clothes according to the invention can be put on directly on all types of raw media or mounds, flat and vertical and in case of bad flatness, on a frame added in cladding.

The surface result obtained is very good, this which minimizes maintenance. The signs (2) are self-washable.

If an element was damaged, the invention allows also to replace an isolated element without disassembly adjacent elements.

Referring to Figures 1 to 3, which show. seen in vertical section from the front and in horizontal section a standard element which constitutes the basic facing (1) of composite material usable in the industry building. The facing (1) is composed of a panel (2) and an insulating plate (3) for example made of expanded polystyrene. The insulating plate (3) is glued, for example by means of a hot-melt type adhesive on the internal face of the panel (2).

This panel (2) will be of a thin thickness of a few millimeters to a few tens of millimeters and will be made of a molded material and preferably polymerized at high pressure to make it resistant, waterproof, rot-proof and self-washable. We can naturally choose from all available materials the one best suited to the building or clothing to be worn in action.

The design of the panel (2) was carried out to meet different functions: waterproofing, impact resistance, thermal insulation, but also socket on the adjacent panels (2). Each facing (1) according to the invention must also be fixed on the facade before laying the adjacent siding do not hide this fixation.

Each facing (1), which will be implemented on a garment, will therefore have an identical structure but it will be studied beforehand with regard to the nature of its materials, dimensions and shapes. We have for example shown schematically in Figure 2 a rectangular shape which could naturally be any completely different, square or polygonal.

On the same facade, we can naturally combine different forms of elements in its dimensions or in the nature of the material of which it is composed but each element will always have a structure similar to that shown in Figure 1 with a system socket, fixing and drainage.

The panel (2) has either a smooth surface, as shown in Figure 1 giving the appearance of a marble or granite, a structured surface stone, slate or tile.

The panel (2) includes a central area (4) bounded by an upper bank (5) and a lower bank (6). The central part (4) projects from to a zone (7) arranged in the upper bank (5) along the entire length of the siding. Between the recessed area (7) and the central part of the facing, we have arranged a groove (8) along the entire length of the upper edge (5) in the withdrawal area (7).

The lower bank (6) also has on its entire length a tongue (9) of low height. Referring to the figures, we see that the dimensions tongue and rib (8) are very small relative to the total dimensions of the facing (1) but that they are substantially equal.

It is by using low linkage means height of this nature that we manage to achieve an insulating facade cladding that presents different facings assembled with weak joints dimension which will have, at the level of vertical joints, the dimension of the grooves (8) and tongues (9).

FIG. 4 shows three facings (1) identical to assemble on a wall (10). The areas central (4) have very large surfaces compared at the horizontal joints (11 and 12). Each facing (1) is assembled on the wall (10) starting with the lower siding. The first lower element will be secured to the wall by a schematic fixing means in (13) and which could for example be a nail or galvanized steel screw fixed in polypropylene dowels in the wall. The fixing means (13) comes resting on the area would receive it (7) and cross the plate insulating (3). The fixing of each facing (1) is carried out without rail or hook in the recessed area (7), i.e. in an area set back from the surface (4). The head (14) of the fixing means will be made invisible by the lower edge (6) of the adjacent panel (2) located above.

When the lower facing has been correctly installed, for example using several screws (13) in area (7), we can then proceed with the installation of the immediately adjacent upper facing. This installation will be carried out for example at the joint (12) by making a socket on the upper bank (5) which will be set back (7) on the panel (2). We see in the figure 4 how to mount the adjacent upper element in engaging the tongue (9) in the rib (8). This commitment, along the entire length of the panel, constitutes a socket which allows two facings to be joined adjacent and which also allows to hide the connecting means (13). This socket allows to ensure a correct correction of the planate of the clothing and to reduce the defects of the support (10).

The means of fixing (13) to the wall (10) on the upper edge (5) of the panel (2) as well as the groove (8) in the recessed area (7) of the upper bank (5) which cooperates with the tongue (9) of the lower edge (6) of the adjacent panel provide means of hidden and small fixing, allowing gaskets (11 and 12) of small thickness.

The fitting means (8, 9) and the means fixing (13) also allow the approximation end to end of the insulating plates (3). In its part lower (15) the insulating plate (3) is made on all the thickness of the selected insulation which can be example of 20, 40 or 120 millimeters. To achieve good thermal insulation, this thickness is maintained over the entire height except for a small zone (16) corresponding to zone (7) of the upper bank (5). This withdrawal is small and has no consequence on the thermal qualities of the whole garment.

Each plate (3) is brought closer to the plate adjacent so as to arrange them substantially end to end so that their ends (15 and 16) touch each other almost and their spacing is between 0 and 4 millimeters for example.

It is preferable to bond the facings (1) in the rigid areas of the panels (2) rather than by assemblies or cutouts at the plates (3) insulating, which is of a construction and easier to use and improves the flatness of the surface achieved.

To improve the impermeability, we planned to carry out on each panel (2) at level of its internal surface and before gluing the insulating plates (3), for example regularly vertical grooves spaced. These grooves will evacuate any condensation and infiltration water. The dimension of the grooves, their number and their pitch may naturally largely dependent on the clothing in place. Drainage formed by the network of grooves was not shown in the drawings.

When the fixing means (13) and the fitting means (8, 9) of several adjacent elements have been set up, for the realization of the joints (11, 12) horizontal, we can use vertically stops (17) which will cooperate with a tongue (19) vertical of the adjacent element.

The drainage network formed by the grooves vertical behind each facing will be evacuated as as shown in Figure 5 by a special profile (20) having a discharge opening (21). We can also naturally implement different types evacuation adapting to the configuration of the clothing performed.

We thus produced a garment that was easy to assemble and easy to build and the insulating plates (3) will be assembled on the panels (2) on the assembly line in the factory.

Claims (3)

1. Facing panel (1) of composite material usable in the building industry for producing a frontage covering, such as a tiling, when fixed to an existing support, or a boarding, when fixed to an applied support, comprising:

   a moulded, imputrescible, self-washable panel (2) of high-pressure polymerised polyester forming the visible outer face of the facing panel (1) when installed,

   an expanded-polystyrene insulating plate (3) glue-bonded to the inner face of the panel (2),

   fitment means formed by a groove (8) located at the upper edge (5) of the panel (2), in a recessed area (7), and by a tongue (9) arranged at the lower edge (6) of the panel (2), said tongue (9) being aimed at engaging into the groove (8) of the panel (2) of a lower adjacent facing panel (1), so that through fitting said panels (2) into each other, they ensure a good flatness of the tiling and reduce the defects of the support (10),

   means (13) for fixing the facing panel (1) to the frontage, invisible from the outer face of the panel (2), passing through the insulating plate (3) and using neither a rail nor a hook for fixing the facing panel (1) and arranged at the upper edge (5) of the panel (2), in the recessed area (7) made invisible by placing the upper adjacent panel (2),

   the insulating plate (3) being capable of being joined edge to edge, without being assembled, to the plate (3) of an adjacent facing panel (1), in order to form the covering and ensure a better flatness of the covering over the whole frontage,

   draining means allowing the condensation and running water to drain off,

   characterised in that said draining means are formed by grooves (8) arranged on the inner face of the panel (2).
2. Facing panel according to claim 1, characterised in that the draining network ends into a water-draining hole (21).
3. Facing panel according to claim 1, characterised in that the surface of the panel (2) is aimed at being positioned as close as possible to the surface of the panel (2) of an adjacent facing panel (1), in order to hide the fixing means (13) and to reduce the joints (11, 12).

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