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EP0677830B1 - Appareil de surveillance - Google Patents

Appareil de surveillance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0677830B1
EP0677830B1 EP95104988A EP95104988A EP0677830B1 EP 0677830 B1 EP0677830 B1 EP 0677830B1 EP 95104988 A EP95104988 A EP 95104988A EP 95104988 A EP95104988 A EP 95104988A EP 0677830 B1 EP0677830 B1 EP 0677830B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
monitoring apparatus
bus
circuit
wire bus
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95104988A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0677830B2 (fr
EP0677830A1 (fr
Inventor
Hermann Hoepken
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KA Schmersal GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
KA Schmersal GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6515242&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0677830(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by KA Schmersal GmbH and Co KG filed Critical KA Schmersal GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0677830A1 publication Critical patent/EP0677830A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0677830B1 publication Critical patent/EP0677830B1/fr
Publication of EP0677830B2 publication Critical patent/EP0677830B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B26/00—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station
    • G08B26/001—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station with individual interrogation of substations connected in parallel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a monitoring device for a Device to be secured with a large number of sensors with analog or digital switching states connected to an evaluation circuit are a switching signal depending on the switching states of the sensors.
  • Monitoring devices for devices to be secured such as for machines, systems or the like, which have a number of doors or other have accesses to be opened, when opening or reaching the current one Shutting down the machine or system, for example, for reasons of danger at least one at each access to be opened
  • Sensor such as a mechanical-electrical safety switch, a Light barrier or the like, on whose outputs with an evaluation circuit are coupled, which in turn provide an output signal for stopping, for example the machine or system is generated when connected to at least one sensor Switching state indicating danger is determined. Any sensor can actuated, unconfirmed or defective. To target his condition each pair of contacts in the sensor must be evaluated individually, what requires at least three wires.
  • the evaluation circuit comprises two switching relays actuating microprocessors, each with the receiving diodes of the light barriers via corresponding channels and are coupled to one another, the latter serving to ensure that the Microprocessors monitor each other for redundancy reasons.
  • the power supply of the individual components takes place via corresponding supply lines. This results in a considerable amount of wiring due to use special cables shielded to avoid interference. A self-test of the sensors is not provided here.
  • the object of the invention is a monitoring device of the type mentioned at the beginning, which lead to a reduction and Simplify wiring and improve security leads.
  • the sensors have a Two-wire bus connected to a power supply unit for power supply of the monitoring device, each with changing signals stimulable to deliver correspondingly changing sensor signals are, the data transmission by clocking the operating voltage, which are maintained on active bus connections via a buffer circuit is done.
  • the power supply of the individual components via the two-wire bus, via which the sensors cyclically with changing signals stimulated in order to emit correspondingly changing sensor signals, which are subjected to a self-test, which increases safety the monitoring device is significantly increased.
  • the sensors can be designed as one or more channels. For data transmission are only very low currents necessary so that no circuit breakers are required. Not only the individual components of the monitoring device, but also their wiring is monitored for errors.
  • the data transmission via the two-wire bus is carried out by clocking the operating voltage that is applied to active bus connections via a Buffer circuit can be maintained.
  • the data stream can be as Telegram can be decoded and evaluated.
  • the evaluation circuit can receive an enable signal as soon as the operating voltage of the buffer circuit exceeds a threshold. This can result in a time delay Start signal for the evaluation circuit can be generated.
  • the evaluation circuit responds in a fixed time frame correct telegram structure by clocking the two-wire bus. For this can the operating voltage of the bus by a short-circuit proof circuit through a resistor for one by the transmission speed specified maximum time can be practically short-circuited.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a block diagram of a monitoring device.
  • Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a bus connection for the Monitoring device according to FIG. 1.
  • the monitoring device shown comprises a large number of sensors 1 with analog or digital switching states.
  • This can for example - as shown - it is a mechanical-electrical one Switching element comprising a break contact 1a and a make contact 1b, that can be operated together act.
  • the sensors 1 can on doors, Flaps, passages or the like. on a facility to be secured like one Machine, system or the like be attached so that open at one the door, flap or the like. the sensor 1 actuates, i.e. in the illustrated If the NC contact 1a is opened and the NO contact 1b is closed at the same time will, i.e. that the digital switching state of the sensor 1 thereby changes.
  • sensors 1 with analog ones can also be used Switching states, including electronic encoders such as those with coding function in the form of coded "TAGs", optionally mixed with such with analog switching states.
  • Each sensor 1 has a sensor processor 2 comprising a clock (watchdog), which is connected on the one hand via a bus connection 3 to a two-wire bus 4 and on the other hand to a non-volatile memory 5, an E 2 PROM.
  • the two-wire bus 4 can be made of normal, unshielded wires and have a tree and / or star-shaped structure.
  • One wire of the two-wire bus 4, for example the negative one, can be galvanically connected to machine earth, while the other wire transmits energy and signals, the transmission of signals taking place by clocking the operating voltage.
  • All sensors 1 are connected via the two-wire bus 4 to an evaluation circuit which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, comprises two preferably diverse evaluation processors 6 ', 6 ", which are likewise connected to the two-wire bus 4 via a respective bus connection 3 and communicating with one another Evaluation processors 6 ', 6 "each comprising a clock generator (watchdog) can, for example, be connected to an input of two relays 7', 7".
  • each evaluation processor 6 ', 6 " has a non-volatile memory 8, an E 2 PROM.
  • the memories 8 each contain the number of existing sensors 1 to be monitored.
  • the two-wire bus 4 is connected to a bus power supply located somewhere 9, a constant current source (e.g. 24 V DC) is connected.
  • a constant current source e.g. 24 V DC
  • the individual components of the monitoring device are the Two-wire bus 4 powered.
  • the bus connections are for this purpose 3 designed accordingly (see also Fig. 2 and subsequent Description of this). Due to a high internal resistance of the bus power supply 9 a short circuit is avoided during data transmission.
  • the two-wire bus 4 can be connected via an interface 10 connected to a PC and / or a programmable logic controller be.
  • the latter can be used to store 5, 8 with the necessary information, as well as, if necessary, with your own check sum Mistake. This is for example through a simple ASCII protocol possible.
  • this data is stored in memories 5, 8 read and compared with the checksum and in the memory of the processors 6 ', 6 "loaded.
  • the two-wire bus 4 stimulates to reach a specific sensor 1 by address, Function and check word (for example a checksum) for a sensor 1 are sent as a telegram to the two-wire bus 4, i.e. that on the Two-wire bus 4 clocked pulses appear, for example between 5 and fluctuate 20 V, these are transmitted to all sensor processors 2.
  • the other evaluation processor also eavesdrops, in this case 6 ", the sending evaluation processor 6 'to its signal and thus its Check function for redundancy.
  • Each sensor processor 2 checks the address by comparing the content of its associated memory 5 with the sent address. For example, as indicated in FIG. 1, the addressed sensor processor 2 outputs a signal S or at its two outputs leading to the sensor 1 in accordance with the transmitted function 1010. S from. When the normally closed contact 1a is open and the normally open contact 1b is closed (this is the unactuated state of sensor 1), S and S unchanged and appear as such again at the inputs of sensor processor 2 coming from sensor 1, ie the answer is also 1010.
  • the sensor processor 2 can display a status 11 control, for example from a red and a green LEDs that light up according to the state, consists.
  • the answer from sensor 1 is from both evaluation processors 6 ', 6 "evaluated if the function does not match the answer, a corresponding signal switching the relays 7 'or 7 " generated.
  • each sensor 1 can have its signal transferred to the two-wire bus 4 by a "low”. Here it comes up the two-wire bus 4 to a logical NOR operation, so that the calculated Checksum is not equal to the checksum of the telegram. This Error leads to a fault message.
  • the evaluation processors 6 ', 6 " made system diagnostic display 12, for example in the form of a red and a green LED, which can be lit accordingly, respectively.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment of a bus connection 3 is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the bus connection comprises a voltage regulator part 13 with a buffer capacitor 14 which is charged via a diode 15 and is blocked against discharge. The latter is used to save the respective Actual voltage of the two-wire bus 4 at the respective bus connection 3 (corresponding to the distance from the bus power supply 9 is the voltage dropped accordingly due to the ohmic resistance).
  • the buffer capacitor 14 secures the power supply for the associated sensor processor 2, sensor 1 and memory 5 or the associated evaluation processor 5 ', 6 "and memory 8.
  • the bus interface 3 further comprises a bus receiver part 16 with a comparator 17 and a voltage divider circuit 18.
  • the voltage divider circuit 18 divides and in particular halves by means of resistors 19, 20 the stored actual bus voltage as a reference voltage for the comparator 17, so that the comparator 17 within a practical allowed range, i.e. there is a dynamic Switching threshold according to the actual bus voltage, i.e. if the actual bus voltage at the respective bus connection 3 drops, the trigger threshold of the comparator 17 of the actual bus voltage runs halfway behind.
  • the signal applied is also by means of Resistors 21, 22 divided, in a ratio larger as the division by resistors 19, 20, e.g. divided into three, so that the 3/4 bus voltage corresponding to "high” safely over and the 3/4 voltage corresponding to "low” (the low voltage does not go to zero, but only because of the ohmic line resistance about 4 to 5V back) are safely below the trigger threshold.
  • the bus connection 3 comprises a transmitting part 23 with an L 2 MOSFET transistor 24, at the gate of which the signal from the sensor processor 2 or from the evaluation processor 6 ', 6 "is applied via a resistor 29, so that the latter is conductive or corresponding to the signal
  • the transistor 24 is current-monitored via parallel resistors 25, 26 connected to its source to ground, which are connected via a resistor 27 to the gate of a thyristor 28 connected to the gate of the transistor 24 with its anode If the current through transistor 24 becomes too high, a proportional voltage drops across resistors 25 and 26, so that the trigger level of thyristor 28 is reached via resistor 27. Thyristor 28 becomes conductive and switches transistor 24 via resistor 29 off, so that an overcurrent is prevented from reaching the two-wire bus 4. The thyristor 28 then remains during the entire transmission time, ie conductive during the time a bit is being transmitted.
  • a resistor 30 connected between the input of resistor 29 and ground is switched on, prevents transistor 24 from being switched on when starting up the bus voltage on the capacitor 14 before the start of the Processors 2, 6 ', 6 ".
  • a capacitor 31 between the gate of thyristor 28 and ground prevents the thyristor 28 from igniting in the event of brief faults (Transient suppression).
  • a diode 32 serves to protect against polarity reversal and a trans-diode 33 surge protection.
  • a resistor 34 limits the inrush current and the load current of transistor 24 in the event of a fault.

Landscapes

  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif de surveillance conçu pour la protection d'une installation, comportant une pluralité de capteurs (1) qui présentent différents états de commutation analogiques ou numériques et sont raccordés à un circuit d'analyse, lequel génère un signal de commande en fonction des états de commutation desdits capteurs (1), caractérisé en ce qu'à chaque capteur (1) est associé un circuit (2) commandé par processeur, en vue de la saisie de son état de commutation, et en ce que lesdits circuits (2) desdits capteurs (1) sont connectés à un bus bifilaire (4) à transmission cyclique des données, grâce à quoi, par l'intermédiaire du bus bifilaire (4), raccordé à un bloc secteur (9) qui assure l'alimentation énergétique du dispositif de surveillance, lesdits capteurs (1) peuvent être stimulés respectivement par des signaux alternés afin d'émettre eux-mêmes des signaux alternés correspondants, la transmission des données s'effectuant par la fréquence de la tension du secteur qui est maintenue sur des connexions actives (3) du bus par un circuit tampon (13) respectif.
  2. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le bus bifilaire (4) est conformé en étoile et/ou à ramifications.
  3. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moyen de chaque circuit (2) commandé par processeur, un bloc de données en provenance du bus bifilaire (4) peut être comparé, en ce qui concerne son adresse, avec l'adresse du capteur correspondant, et dans le cas de concordance, être mis en mémoire en vue de sa lecture, et un bloc de données reproduisant l'état du capteur (1) correspondant peut être transmis au bus bifilaire (4).
  4. Dispositif de surveillance selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que chaque circuit (2) comprend une mémoire non volatile (5) pour l'adresse du capteur.
  5. Dispositif de surveillance selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le bus bifilaire (4) est connecté à un bloc secteur (9) en forme de bus à courant constant à haute résistance interne.
  6. Dispositif de surveillance selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le circuit d'analyse comprend deux processeurs d'analyse redondants (6', 6") contenant respectivement une mémoire non volatile (8).
  7. Dispositif de surveillance selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les circuits (2) et le circuit d'analyse sont reliés respectivement par un circuit (3) de raccordement au bus bifilaire (4) qui comprend le circuit tampon (13) pour la tension de service.
  8. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le circuit tampon (13) comprend un condensateur tampon (14) pouvant être chargé par une diode (15) et exerçant un effet de bloquage s'opposant à la décharge.
  9. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de raccordement (3) comprend un comparateur (17) comportant un élément récepteur (18) doté d'un seuil de déclenchement qui glisse en fonction de la tension effective appliquée au circuit (3) de raccordement au bus.
  10. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le seuil de déclenchement est défini par un circuit diviseur de tension (19, 20) affecté à la tension effective du bus.
  11. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce qu'un circuit diviseur de tension (21, 22) est prévu pour les signaux qui arrivent, de telle manière que les niveaux se situent en toute certitude au-dessus ou au-dessous du seuil de déclenchement.
  12. Dispositif de surveillance selon l'une des revendications 7 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le circuit (3) de raccordement au bus présente un élément émetteur (23) muni d'une commande (24) protégée contre les courts-circuits.
  13. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que l'élément émetteur (23) comprend un thyristor (28) qui, dans le cas d'une surintensité sur le bus bifilaire (4), est bloqué pendant une période binaire complète du signal.
  14. Dispositif de surveillance selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que chaque circuit (2), et éventuellement le circuit d'analyse, présentent un affichage d'état (11, 12).
  15. Dispositif de surveillance selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le bus bifilaire (4) est connecté à un PC ou à une unité de commande à mémoire programmable.
EP95104988A 1994-04-13 1995-04-04 Appareil de surveillance Expired - Lifetime EP0677830B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4412653 1994-04-13
DE4412653A DE4412653C2 (de) 1994-04-13 1994-04-13 Überwachungseinrichtung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0677830A1 EP0677830A1 (fr) 1995-10-18
EP0677830B1 true EP0677830B1 (fr) 1998-07-08
EP0677830B2 EP0677830B2 (fr) 2001-11-14

Family

ID=6515242

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95104988A Expired - Lifetime EP0677830B2 (fr) 1994-04-13 1995-04-04 Appareil de surveillance

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5757672A (fr)
EP (1) EP0677830B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE4412653C2 (fr)

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EP0968567B2 (fr) † 1997-03-20 2008-01-09 EUCHNER GmbH + Co. Interrupteur de securite

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0968567B2 (fr) † 1997-03-20 2008-01-09 EUCHNER GmbH + Co. Interrupteur de securite

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4412653A1 (de) 1996-08-01
DE4412653C2 (de) 1997-01-09
US5757672A (en) 1998-05-26
EP0677830B2 (fr) 2001-11-14
DE59502719D1 (de) 1998-08-13
EP0677830A1 (fr) 1995-10-18

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