EP0677830B1 - Überwachungseinrichtung - Google Patents
Überwachungseinrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0677830B1 EP0677830B1 EP95104988A EP95104988A EP0677830B1 EP 0677830 B1 EP0677830 B1 EP 0677830B1 EP 95104988 A EP95104988 A EP 95104988A EP 95104988 A EP95104988 A EP 95104988A EP 0677830 B1 EP0677830 B1 EP 0677830B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- monitoring apparatus
- bus
- circuit
- wire bus
- sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B26/00—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station
- G08B26/001—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station with individual interrogation of substations connected in parallel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a monitoring device for a Device to be secured with a large number of sensors with analog or digital switching states connected to an evaluation circuit are a switching signal depending on the switching states of the sensors.
- Monitoring devices for devices to be secured such as for machines, systems or the like, which have a number of doors or other have accesses to be opened, when opening or reaching the current one Shutting down the machine or system, for example, for reasons of danger at least one at each access to be opened
- Sensor such as a mechanical-electrical safety switch, a Light barrier or the like, on whose outputs with an evaluation circuit are coupled, which in turn provide an output signal for stopping, for example the machine or system is generated when connected to at least one sensor Switching state indicating danger is determined. Any sensor can actuated, unconfirmed or defective. To target his condition each pair of contacts in the sensor must be evaluated individually, what requires at least three wires.
- the evaluation circuit comprises two switching relays actuating microprocessors, each with the receiving diodes of the light barriers via corresponding channels and are coupled to one another, the latter serving to ensure that the Microprocessors monitor each other for redundancy reasons.
- the power supply of the individual components takes place via corresponding supply lines. This results in a considerable amount of wiring due to use special cables shielded to avoid interference. A self-test of the sensors is not provided here.
- the object of the invention is a monitoring device of the type mentioned at the beginning, which lead to a reduction and Simplify wiring and improve security leads.
- the sensors have a Two-wire bus connected to a power supply unit for power supply of the monitoring device, each with changing signals stimulable to deliver correspondingly changing sensor signals are, the data transmission by clocking the operating voltage, which are maintained on active bus connections via a buffer circuit is done.
- the power supply of the individual components via the two-wire bus, via which the sensors cyclically with changing signals stimulated in order to emit correspondingly changing sensor signals, which are subjected to a self-test, which increases safety the monitoring device is significantly increased.
- the sensors can be designed as one or more channels. For data transmission are only very low currents necessary so that no circuit breakers are required. Not only the individual components of the monitoring device, but also their wiring is monitored for errors.
- the data transmission via the two-wire bus is carried out by clocking the operating voltage that is applied to active bus connections via a Buffer circuit can be maintained.
- the data stream can be as Telegram can be decoded and evaluated.
- the evaluation circuit can receive an enable signal as soon as the operating voltage of the buffer circuit exceeds a threshold. This can result in a time delay Start signal for the evaluation circuit can be generated.
- the evaluation circuit responds in a fixed time frame correct telegram structure by clocking the two-wire bus. For this can the operating voltage of the bus by a short-circuit proof circuit through a resistor for one by the transmission speed specified maximum time can be practically short-circuited.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically a block diagram of a monitoring device.
- Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a bus connection for the Monitoring device according to FIG. 1.
- the monitoring device shown comprises a large number of sensors 1 with analog or digital switching states.
- This can for example - as shown - it is a mechanical-electrical one Switching element comprising a break contact 1a and a make contact 1b, that can be operated together act.
- the sensors 1 can on doors, Flaps, passages or the like. on a facility to be secured like one Machine, system or the like be attached so that open at one the door, flap or the like. the sensor 1 actuates, i.e. in the illustrated If the NC contact 1a is opened and the NO contact 1b is closed at the same time will, i.e. that the digital switching state of the sensor 1 thereby changes.
- sensors 1 with analog ones can also be used Switching states, including electronic encoders such as those with coding function in the form of coded "TAGs", optionally mixed with such with analog switching states.
- Each sensor 1 has a sensor processor 2 comprising a clock (watchdog), which is connected on the one hand via a bus connection 3 to a two-wire bus 4 and on the other hand to a non-volatile memory 5, an E 2 PROM.
- the two-wire bus 4 can be made of normal, unshielded wires and have a tree and / or star-shaped structure.
- One wire of the two-wire bus 4, for example the negative one, can be galvanically connected to machine earth, while the other wire transmits energy and signals, the transmission of signals taking place by clocking the operating voltage.
- All sensors 1 are connected via the two-wire bus 4 to an evaluation circuit which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, comprises two preferably diverse evaluation processors 6 ', 6 ", which are likewise connected to the two-wire bus 4 via a respective bus connection 3 and communicating with one another Evaluation processors 6 ', 6 "each comprising a clock generator (watchdog) can, for example, be connected to an input of two relays 7', 7".
- each evaluation processor 6 ', 6 " has a non-volatile memory 8, an E 2 PROM.
- the memories 8 each contain the number of existing sensors 1 to be monitored.
- the two-wire bus 4 is connected to a bus power supply located somewhere 9, a constant current source (e.g. 24 V DC) is connected.
- a constant current source e.g. 24 V DC
- the individual components of the monitoring device are the Two-wire bus 4 powered.
- the bus connections are for this purpose 3 designed accordingly (see also Fig. 2 and subsequent Description of this). Due to a high internal resistance of the bus power supply 9 a short circuit is avoided during data transmission.
- the two-wire bus 4 can be connected via an interface 10 connected to a PC and / or a programmable logic controller be.
- the latter can be used to store 5, 8 with the necessary information, as well as, if necessary, with your own check sum Mistake. This is for example through a simple ASCII protocol possible.
- this data is stored in memories 5, 8 read and compared with the checksum and in the memory of the processors 6 ', 6 "loaded.
- the two-wire bus 4 stimulates to reach a specific sensor 1 by address, Function and check word (for example a checksum) for a sensor 1 are sent as a telegram to the two-wire bus 4, i.e. that on the Two-wire bus 4 clocked pulses appear, for example between 5 and fluctuate 20 V, these are transmitted to all sensor processors 2.
- the other evaluation processor also eavesdrops, in this case 6 ", the sending evaluation processor 6 'to its signal and thus its Check function for redundancy.
- Each sensor processor 2 checks the address by comparing the content of its associated memory 5 with the sent address. For example, as indicated in FIG. 1, the addressed sensor processor 2 outputs a signal S or at its two outputs leading to the sensor 1 in accordance with the transmitted function 1010. S from. When the normally closed contact 1a is open and the normally open contact 1b is closed (this is the unactuated state of sensor 1), S and S unchanged and appear as such again at the inputs of sensor processor 2 coming from sensor 1, ie the answer is also 1010.
- the sensor processor 2 can display a status 11 control, for example from a red and a green LEDs that light up according to the state, consists.
- the answer from sensor 1 is from both evaluation processors 6 ', 6 "evaluated if the function does not match the answer, a corresponding signal switching the relays 7 'or 7 " generated.
- each sensor 1 can have its signal transferred to the two-wire bus 4 by a "low”. Here it comes up the two-wire bus 4 to a logical NOR operation, so that the calculated Checksum is not equal to the checksum of the telegram. This Error leads to a fault message.
- the evaluation processors 6 ', 6 " made system diagnostic display 12, for example in the form of a red and a green LED, which can be lit accordingly, respectively.
- FIG. 2 An embodiment of a bus connection 3 is shown in FIG. 2.
- the bus connection comprises a voltage regulator part 13 with a buffer capacitor 14 which is charged via a diode 15 and is blocked against discharge. The latter is used to save the respective Actual voltage of the two-wire bus 4 at the respective bus connection 3 (corresponding to the distance from the bus power supply 9 is the voltage dropped accordingly due to the ohmic resistance).
- the buffer capacitor 14 secures the power supply for the associated sensor processor 2, sensor 1 and memory 5 or the associated evaluation processor 5 ', 6 "and memory 8.
- the bus interface 3 further comprises a bus receiver part 16 with a comparator 17 and a voltage divider circuit 18.
- the voltage divider circuit 18 divides and in particular halves by means of resistors 19, 20 the stored actual bus voltage as a reference voltage for the comparator 17, so that the comparator 17 within a practical allowed range, i.e. there is a dynamic Switching threshold according to the actual bus voltage, i.e. if the actual bus voltage at the respective bus connection 3 drops, the trigger threshold of the comparator 17 of the actual bus voltage runs halfway behind.
- the signal applied is also by means of Resistors 21, 22 divided, in a ratio larger as the division by resistors 19, 20, e.g. divided into three, so that the 3/4 bus voltage corresponding to "high” safely over and the 3/4 voltage corresponding to "low” (the low voltage does not go to zero, but only because of the ohmic line resistance about 4 to 5V back) are safely below the trigger threshold.
- the bus connection 3 comprises a transmitting part 23 with an L 2 MOSFET transistor 24, at the gate of which the signal from the sensor processor 2 or from the evaluation processor 6 ', 6 "is applied via a resistor 29, so that the latter is conductive or corresponding to the signal
- the transistor 24 is current-monitored via parallel resistors 25, 26 connected to its source to ground, which are connected via a resistor 27 to the gate of a thyristor 28 connected to the gate of the transistor 24 with its anode If the current through transistor 24 becomes too high, a proportional voltage drops across resistors 25 and 26, so that the trigger level of thyristor 28 is reached via resistor 27. Thyristor 28 becomes conductive and switches transistor 24 via resistor 29 off, so that an overcurrent is prevented from reaching the two-wire bus 4. The thyristor 28 then remains during the entire transmission time, ie conductive during the time a bit is being transmitted.
- a resistor 30 connected between the input of resistor 29 and ground is switched on, prevents transistor 24 from being switched on when starting up the bus voltage on the capacitor 14 before the start of the Processors 2, 6 ', 6 ".
- a capacitor 31 between the gate of thyristor 28 and ground prevents the thyristor 28 from igniting in the event of brief faults (Transient suppression).
- a diode 32 serves to protect against polarity reversal and a trans-diode 33 surge protection.
- a resistor 34 limits the inrush current and the load current of transistor 24 in the event of a fault.
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
Description
Claims (15)
- Überwachungseinrichtung für eine zu sichernde Einrichtung mit einer Vielzahl von Sensoren (1) mit analogen oder digitalen Schaltzuständen, die an eine Auswerteschaltung angeschlossen sind, die ein Schaltsignal in Abhängigkeit von den Schaltzuständen der Sensoren (1) erzeugt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedem Sensor (1) eine prozessorgesteuerte Schaltung (2) zur Erfassung seines Schaltzustands zugeordnet ist und die prozessorgesteuerten Schaltungen (2) der Sensoren (1) an einen mit der Auswerteschaltung verbundenen Zweidraht-Bus (4) mit getakteter Datenübertragung angeschlossen sind, wobei die Sensoren (1) über den Zweidraht-Bus (4), der an ein Netzteil (9) angeschlossen die Energieversorgung der Überwachungseinrichtung vornimmt, jeweils mit wechselnden Signalen zur Abgabe entsprechend wechselnder Sensorsignale stimulierbar sind, wobei die Datenübertragung durch Taktung der Betriebsspannung, die an aktiven Busanschaltungen (3) jeweils über eine Pufferschaltung (13) aufrechterhalten wird, erfolgt.
- Überwachungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zweidraht-Bus (4) stern- und/oder baumförmig ausgebildet ist.
- Überwachungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mittels jeder prozessorgesteuerten Schaltung (2) ein Datensatz vom Zweidraht-Bus (4) adressenmäßig mit der zugehörigen Sensoradresse vergleichbar und bei Übereinstimmung einlesbar und ein den Zustand des zugehörigen Sensors (1) wiedergebender Datensatz auf den Zweidraht-Bus (4) gebbar ist.
- Überwachungseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede prozessorgesteuerten Schaltung (2) einen nichtflüchtigen Speicher (5) für die Sensoradresse umfaßt.
- Überwachungseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zweidraht-Bus (4) an ein Konstantstrom-Busnetzteil (9) mit hohem Innenwiderstand angeschlossen ist.
- Überwachungseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auswerteschaltung zwei redundante Auswerteprozessoren (6', 6") jeweils mit einem nichtflüchtigen Speicher (8) umfaßt.
- Überwachungseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die prozessorgesteuerten Schaltungen (2) und die Auswerteschaltung jeweils über eine Busanschaltung (3) mit dem Zweidraht-Bus (4) verbunden sind, die die Pufferschaltung (13) für die Betriebspannung umfaßt.
- Überwachungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Pufferschaltung (13) einen über eine Diode (15) ladbaren und gegen Entladung sperrenden Pufferkondensator (14) umfaßt.
- Überwachungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Busanschaltung (3) ein einen Komparator (17) aufweisende Empfängerteil (18) mit einer Triggerschwelle, die entsprechend der an der Busanschaltung (3) anliegenden Ist-Busspannung gleitet, umfaßt.
- Überwachungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Triggerschwelle durch eine Spannungsteilerschaltung (19, 20) für die Ist-Busspannung bestimmt ist.
- Überwachungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Spannungsteilerschaltung (21, 22) für einlaufende Signale derart vorgesehen ist, daß die Pegel sicher über bzw. unter der Triggerschwelle liegen.
- Überwachungseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Busanschaltung (3) ein Sendeteil (23) mit einem kurzschlußschützten Schalter (24) aufweist.
- Überwachungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Sendeteil (23) einen Thyristor (28) umfaßt, der bei Überstrom auf den Zweidraht-Bus (4) für eine ganze Bitzeit des Signals gesperrt ist.
- Überwachungseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede prozessorgesteuerte Schaltung (2) und gegebenenfalls die Auswerteschaltung eine Zustandsanzeige (11, 12) aufweisen.
- Überwachungseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zweidraht-Bus (4) an einen PC bzw. eine speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung angeschlossen ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4412653 | 1994-04-13 | ||
DE4412653A DE4412653C2 (de) | 1994-04-13 | 1994-04-13 | Überwachungseinrichtung |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0677830A1 EP0677830A1 (de) | 1995-10-18 |
EP0677830B1 true EP0677830B1 (de) | 1998-07-08 |
EP0677830B2 EP0677830B2 (de) | 2001-11-14 |
Family
ID=6515242
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95104988A Expired - Lifetime EP0677830B2 (de) | 1994-04-13 | 1995-04-04 | Überwachungseinrichtung |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5757672A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0677830B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4412653C2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0968567B2 (de) † | 1997-03-20 | 2008-01-09 | EUCHNER GmbH + Co. | Sicherheitsschalter |
Families Citing this family (34)
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CA2141092C (en) * | 1995-01-25 | 1999-01-05 | James F. White | Communication between components of a machine |
DE19632962A1 (de) * | 1996-08-16 | 1998-02-19 | Schmersal K A Gmbh & Co | Schalter- und Türbetätigungseinrichtung |
US6283514B1 (en) | 1996-08-16 | 2001-09-04 | K. A. Schmersal Gmbh & Co. | Apparatus for monitoring and controlling access to a restricted area |
DE19708359C1 (de) * | 1997-03-01 | 1998-07-02 | K A Schmersal Gmbh & Co Kg | Überwachungseinrichtung für wenigstens einen Sicherheitsschalter |
DE19815147B4 (de) * | 1997-04-21 | 2005-03-17 | Leuze Electronic Gmbh & Co Kg | Sensoranordnung |
DE19815150B4 (de) * | 1997-04-21 | 2005-03-10 | Leuze Electronic Gmbh & Co Kg | Sensoranordnung |
DE19815148B4 (de) * | 1997-04-21 | 2005-03-17 | Leuze Electronic Gmbh & Co Kg | Sensoranordnung |
EP0898230A1 (de) * | 1997-08-18 | 1999-02-24 | Hung-Che Chiu | Drahtloser Rechnerempfänger |
DE19758993B3 (de) * | 1997-09-26 | 2014-04-10 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Steuer- und Datenübertragungsanlage und Verfahren zum Übertragen von sicherheitsbezogenen Daten |
DE19758848B4 (de) * | 1997-09-26 | 2012-10-18 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Steuer- und Datenübertragungsanlage und Verfahren zum Übertragen von sicherheitsbezogenen Daten |
DE19929804B4 (de) * | 1998-07-01 | 2004-09-16 | Elan Schaltelemente Gmbh & Co. Kg | Steuerungssystem |
DE19840562B4 (de) * | 1998-09-07 | 2007-06-28 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sicherheitsbezogenes Steuer- und Datenübertragungssystem |
DE19846965A1 (de) * | 1998-10-12 | 2000-04-13 | Dieter Mayer | Leitungsüberwachung |
US6037679A (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2000-03-14 | Pirillo; Paul M. | Yard decorations for low voltage table |
DE19904892B4 (de) * | 1999-02-06 | 2008-06-12 | Wratil, Peter, Dr. | Verfahren zur Fehlerunterdrückung bei Eingabeeinheiten in Steuerungseinrichtungen |
DE19920340A1 (de) * | 1999-05-03 | 2000-11-09 | Hsm Pressen Gmbh & Co Kg | Steuerungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung sicherheitsrelevanter Funktionen einer gefahrbringenden Maschine |
JP2001084014A (ja) * | 1999-09-16 | 2001-03-30 | Nippon Signal Co Ltd:The | 生産設備制御システム |
DE19945614C1 (de) * | 1999-09-23 | 2000-12-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Datenübertragung zwischen einem Steuergerät für Rückhalteeinrichtungen und Sensoren |
US6392553B1 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-05-21 | Harmon Industries, Inc. | Signal interface module |
ATE263981T1 (de) * | 2002-01-14 | 2004-04-15 | Leuze Electronic Gmbh & Co Kg | Sicherheitsschalteranordnung |
US6829547B2 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2004-12-07 | Tektronix, Inc. | Measurement test instrument and associated voltage management system for accessory device |
DE10230607A1 (de) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-02-05 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Messeinrichtung, insbesondere einer Durchflussmesseinrichtung, sowie eine Messeinrichtung selbst |
DE10304968B4 (de) * | 2003-02-06 | 2005-02-17 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung einer Prozessgröße eines Mediums |
DE102004014313C5 (de) * | 2003-03-30 | 2008-08-28 | Bihl & Wiedemann Gmbh | Netzwerk-Vorrichtung, insbesondere Aktuator-Sensor-Interface-Netzwerk |
US7532492B2 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2009-05-12 | Tektronix, Inc. | Host controlled voltage input system for an accessory device |
DE102007025852B3 (de) * | 2007-06-01 | 2009-01-02 | I F M Electronic Gmbh | Überwachungseinrichtung zur Erkennung einer fehlerhaften Adressierung eines Aktuator-Sensor-Interface-Slaves |
US8456792B2 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2013-06-04 | Honeywell International Inc. | Secure non-contact switch |
US8699200B2 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2014-04-15 | Honeywell International Inc. | Secure non-contact switch |
DE102011016137A1 (de) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-04 | Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sicherheitsschaltungsanordnung zum fehlersicheren Ein- oder Ausschalten einer gefährlichen Anlage |
DE102011018630B4 (de) * | 2011-04-21 | 2013-02-07 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sicherheits-Kommunikationssystem zur Signalisierung von Systemzuständen |
CA2805286C (en) * | 2012-02-20 | 2016-04-05 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Control system to monitor and control a turbine |
DE102013112488A1 (de) * | 2013-11-13 | 2015-05-13 | Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sicherheitssteuerung mit konfigurierbaren Eingängen |
DE102017114796A1 (de) | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-04 | Dormakaba Deutschland Gmbh | Sicherheitssystem |
DE202019104105U1 (de) * | 2019-07-25 | 2020-10-28 | Leuze Electronic Gmbh + Co. Kg | Lichtschrankenanordnung |
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FR2518858A1 (fr) * | 1981-12-23 | 1983-06-24 | Jeumont Schneider | Dispositif de transmission de signaux sur une ligne assurant egalement une alimentation en tension continue |
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DE3907652A1 (de) * | 1989-03-09 | 1990-09-13 | Siemens Ag | Schaltungsanordnung zum uebertragen von binaeren signalen und energie ueber eine leitung |
DE9105529U1 (de) * | 1991-05-04 | 1991-07-18 | Richard Hirschmann GmbH & Co, 7300 Esslingen | Gefahrenmeldeanlage |
DE9315045U1 (de) * | 1993-10-05 | 1993-12-09 | Datron-Electronic GmbH, 64367 Mühltal | Vorrichtung zur (schnellen) digitalen Datenübertragung |
-
1994
- 1994-04-13 DE DE4412653A patent/DE4412653C2/de not_active Revoked
-
1995
- 1995-04-04 DE DE59502719T patent/DE59502719D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-04 EP EP95104988A patent/EP0677830B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-12 US US08/421,050 patent/US5757672A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0968567B2 (de) † | 1997-03-20 | 2008-01-09 | EUCHNER GmbH + Co. | Sicherheitsschalter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0677830B2 (de) | 2001-11-14 |
US5757672A (en) | 1998-05-26 |
DE59502719D1 (de) | 1998-08-13 |
DE4412653C2 (de) | 1997-01-09 |
DE4412653A1 (de) | 1996-08-01 |
EP0677830A1 (de) | 1995-10-18 |
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