EP0596818A1 - Eaves covering element for the roof of a building - Google Patents

Abstract

This double eaves course (eaves covering) element particularly relates to roofing made of tiles or slate. It is in the form of a prefabricated shaped element (1) of finite or undefined length, and capable of being located in the extension of similar elements. The lower face of the element (1), forming an obtuse angle, is applied and fixed to a roof framework (9, 10) and/or an entablure (12). Its upper face is designed to retain at least one row of roofing elements, such as tiles (2). Such an eaves course element (1) affords a significant saving in time by comparison with the laying of conventional double eaves courses, whilst constituting an effective reinforcement. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a doubling element for building cover, applying to all types of cover, in particular in tiles or slates.

The term "doubling" designates, in the technical field concerned, the lower row of tiles of a sloping roof, therefore the row of tiles located at the edge of the roof, substantially in line with a wall.

The realization of the doubling by the roofers, for example in the case of a roofing in flat tiles, constitutes a task which, until now, remained very artisanal. Thus, in the particular case of recessed rafters, the doubling is traditionally carried out by means of cut and stacked tiles, called "trenches", filling the space available between the wooden sand pit of the roof frame and the end of the 'entablature of the masonry, these tiles cut and stacked in front of themselves be wedged by means of fragments of tiles and / or by sealing with lime mortar. This is an operation which must be carried out by specialized personnel, and the execution of which under good conditions requires a significant period of time. The holding over time of such a heterogeneous doubling produced by a tile trench, and of the adjacent entablature, may also leave something to be desired. The doubling is an important element for retaining and strengthening the first rows of tiles, which are particularly exposed and fragile.

In the case of a slate roofing, the problem encountered is substantially the same.

We have already considered less artisanal, therefore more industrial, for the support of the lower rows of tiles or slates. However, these embodiments are generally in the form of simple thin rectangular plates, of flat profile, which above all provide additional sealing and do not have really suitable functions, such as that: direct retaining of tiles or slates, and adaptation to various roof slopes and various configurations of entablatures. By way of illustration of this state of the art, mention may be made of the documents EP-A-0180245, US-A-4713915, FR-A-2392193, GB-A-2201435, US-A-4912888 and AU-B -520 380.

There are also known tiles of particular shape, intended to be placed on the lower edge of a roof, which are sometimes designated under the name "doublis tile" but which cannot be compared with the object of the present invention - see for example, documents EP-A-0324047, FR-A-2528479 and DE-A-2648717.

The present invention aims to remedy these aforementioned drawbacks, by providing a doubling element bringing a considerable saving of time with regard to its installation, therefore a significant saving in labor, while providing better resistance of the structure over time, this doubling element being adaptable to all roof slopes and installation configurations.

To this end, the subject of the invention is essentially a doubling element for building roofing, which is presented as a prefabricated profiled element, of finished or undefined length and which can be arranged in the extension of similar elements, with a lower part of which the lower face forms an obtuse angle with respect to the lower face of its upper part, the lower face of the element being intended to be applied and fixed to a roof frame and / or an entablature and its upper face being designed for retaining at least one row of roofing elements such as tiles or slates.

It is thus an industrialized doubling system, in the form of prefabricated elements, for example in terracotta, wood or synthetic material, this design allowing in particular a manufacture in the form of extruded plastic elements such as polyvinyl chloride, initially of indefinite length and which can be easily cut to the desired length. One can also consider molded elements of defined length, representing a multiple of the width of a tile or a slate, by providing mechanical means such as pins or clips for the end-to-end assembly of these unit elements.

The installation of such doubling elements can be carried out quickly and precisely, even by moderately qualified personnel, in a time which can be of the order of a third or a quarter of the time necessary for laying a traditional doubling. The doubling elements according to the invention are easily fixed, by nailing or screwing, directly on the rafters. The homogeneous structure of these doubling elements also gives them excellent solidity and a long service life.

In addition, the realization of the lining element according to the invention in the form of a molded or extruded part makes it possible to obtain, in a particularly economical manner, profiles of suitable conformation ensuring both the main functions of the lining, namely the fixing on the frame and the retention of tiles or slates, only complementary functions making this element of doubling extremely advantageous.

Thus, the underside of the doubling element can have a hooking profile, such as a shoulder, for hanging the element on a batten or a batten, itself fixed on the rafters. However, the underside of the element can also be smooth for direct attachment to the rafters as already indicated above. In all cases, this lower face has two substantially flat parts, forming an obtuse angle between them (facing upwards in the position of use). This feature allows adaptation easy of the lining element according to the invention to various entablature configurations and to roofs of different slopes, ensuring if necessary compensation for the angle formed between the sandpit and the outer end of the protruding entablature masonry, even the replacement of the chanlatte; there is a fundamental difference between the object of the invention and the known prior embodiments which are presented as simple flat plates. In addition, the angular profile of the doubling element leads to a relatively thick and rigid embodiment, capable of strengthening and protecting the first row of tiles or slates retained on this doubling element.

The upper face of the doubling element can also have an attachment profile, such as another shoulder, for retaining tiles, in particular flat tiles. According to a variant, the upper face of the doubling element is relatively smooth and designed to receive means for retaining the covering elements, such as tiles or slates. In the case of tiles, it is advantageous to provide, on the upper face of the element, a notch for the installation and holding of slats or battens on which the tiles hang. In the case of slates, the upper face of the element advantageously includes marks for the installation of slate retaining hooks in the desired position depending on the gauge.

The upper part of the doubling element can be produced with a tapered profile.

Under the lower part of the doubling element, a prefabricated gutter support can be attached. It is also possible to attach a complete gutter profile under the lower part of the doubling element. Preferably, the gutter support or the gutter profile is attached to the lower part of the lining element by means of a hinge pin, allowing adjustment according to the slope of the roof, means being provided for immobilizing the support or gutter profile in a suitable angular position relative to the rest of the lining element.

This doubling element may also include, coming directly from molding, provisions for the flow of water, for the low ventilation of the cover, for stopping snow, etc. The integration of multiple functions further increases the interest of the doubling element according to the invention and the economy achieved by the implementation of such an element.

• Figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un premier élément de doublis conforme à la présente invention ;
• Figure 2 est une vue partielle en coupe verticale d'un bâtiment et de sa couverture en tuiles, comportant application de l'élément de doublis de figure 1 ;
• Figure 3 est une vue en perspective montrant, partiellement, d'autres éléments de doublis selon l'invention avec leurs moyens d'assemblage ;
• Figure 4 est une vue partielle en coupe verticale d'un bâtiment et de sa couverture, comportant application des éléments de doublis de figure 3 ;
• Figure 5 est une vue similaire à figure 4, illustrant une variante de ces éléments de doublis ;
• Figure 6 est une vue similaire aux figures 4 et 5, illustrant une autre variante ;
• Figure 7 est une vue similaire aux précédentes, montrant un autre élément de doublis selon l'invention et son application à une couverture en ardoises ;
• Figure 8 montre, à echelle agrandie, un détail relatif à la forme de réalisation de figure 7 ;
• Figure 9 est une vue en perspective d'une dernière forme de réalisation, dérivée de celle de la figure 7.

In any case, the invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows, with reference to the appended schematic drawing showing, by way of nonlimiting examples, some embodiments of this doubling element for building roofing :

• Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first doubling element according to the present invention;
• Figure 2 is a partial view in vertical section of a building and its tiled roof, including application of the doubling element of Figure 1;
• Figure 3 is a perspective view showing, partially, other lining elements according to the invention with their assembly means;
• Figure 4 is a partial view in vertical section of a building and its covering, comprising application of the doubling elements of Figure 3;
• Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4, illustrating a variant of these doubling elements;
• Figure 6 is a view similar to Figures 4 and 5, illustrating another variant;
• Figure 7 is a view similar to the previous ones, showing another doubling element according to the invention and its application to a slate roofing;
• Figure 8 shows, on an enlarged scale, a detail relating to the embodiment of Figure 7;
• Figure 9 is a perspective view of a last embodiment, derived from that of Figure 7.

FIG. 1 shows a doubling element 1, intended for a covering in flat tiles 2 indicated partially in FIG. 2.

The lining element 1 is presented as a prefabricated profiled element, characterized by a specific profile, and having a certain length L. This lining element 1 can be produced in extruded or molded plastic material such as polyvinyl chloride, in terracotta, made of wood or any other suitable material.

The doubling element 1 of FIGS. 1 and 2 has an upper part 3, an upper edge 4 and, on its lower face a fastening profile such as a shoulder 5. The lower part 6 of the doubling element 1 forms an obtuse angle A (turned upwards in the use position) relative to the upper part 3, and it has a decreasing thickness in the direction of the lower edge 7 of the element. A fastening profile, such as another shoulder 8, is provided on the upper face of the element 1, at the junction of its upper 3 and lower 6 parts.

In the assembled position, as shown in FIG. 2, the upper part 3 of the doubling element 1 is hung by the shoulder 5 on a batten or a batten 9, itself fixed on the rafters 10. A fixing means 11, such as a nail or a screw, passes through the upper part 3 of the element 1 and fixes it on the batten or the batten 9 and / or the rafter 10. The lower part 6 of the doubling element 1 rests on the entablature 12 of the masonry 13, in stone or in cement.

The penultimate row of flat tiles 2 is hung on the upper edge 4 of element 1, while the lower row of tiles 2 is hung on the shoulder 8 of element 1, and rests on the face upper part 6 of this element 1, extending to its lower edge 7.

The doubling elements 1, arranged in the extension of one another, here comprise longitudinal holes 14 and 15 for their end-to-end assembly by means of pins 16. Other holes 17 can be made in advance in the part upper 3, for the passage of fixing nails or screws 11.

The doubling element 1 may also have, at its shoulder 8, "V" grooves 18 for the evacuation of the water.

It will be noted that the slightly bent profile of the doubling element 1 allows its adaptation whatever the distance D horizontally separating the lower end of the rafter 10 and the outer edge of the entablature 12 of the masonry 13, and this whatever the slope of the roof.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment, in which the doubling element 1 always has an upper part 3 and a lower part 6, forming between them an obtuse angle A. This doubling element 1 has no shoulder: the part upper 3 of element 1 has a tapered profile and has, on its upper face, a notch 19, while its lower face is smooth. Referring also to FIG. 4, the smooth underside of the element 1 is here directly applied and fixed to the rafters 10, by means of nails or screws not shown. The notch 19 of the upper face ensures the positioning and holding of the slats or battens 9, on which the tiles 2 hang, including those of the lower row. As before, the lower part 6 of the doubling element 1 rests on the entablature 12.

Referring again to FIG. 3, two doubling elements 1 placed in the extension one of the other can be assembled end to end by means of a metal clip 20, for example in treated steel.

FIG. 5 shows, in the assembled position, a doubling element 1 similar to that of FIGS. 3 and 4, but completed by a support for gutter 21. The support 21 is presented as a strip of substantially flat material, articulated to the rest of the doubling element 1 around a horizontal axis 22 located a short distance from the lower edge 7 of the element 1. The support 21 thus extends vertically, under the lower part 6 of the element 1 and in front of the entablature 12. The gutter 23 is fixed directly or by means of collars or hooks, on the support 21. The articulation of the support for gutter 21 around the axis 22 allows an easy adaptation according to the slope of the roof. A locking screw 24 is provided for immobilizing in rotation the gutter support 21 relative to the remainder of the element 1 in the desired relative angular position.

While the embodiment of FIG. 5 involves the installation of a traditional gutter 23, fixed to the support 21, FIG. 6 shows a variant in which a gutter 25 is incorporated into the lining element 1. A strip of material 26, articulated as above at the lower part 6 of the element 1, here is extended forward by a lower part 27 itself extended upwards by a front part 28, so as to constitute a "U" profile of gutter. The hinge pin 22 allows, as described above with reference to Figure 5, the adaptation to the slope of the roof, a locking screw 24 being here again provided.

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment, more particularly suited to a slate roof 29. The doubling element 1 here has a less angular profile, while retaining an obtuse angle A between the lower face of its lower part 6 and the underside of its upper part 3, this part upper 3 always being tapered and intended to be directly applied and fixed, by means of nails or screws 11, to the rafters 10. The lower edge 7 of element 1 has a particular profile of "drop of water", shown more precisely in figure 8.

In the upper part 3 of the doubling element 1, and on its upper face, are drawn colored parallel horizontal lines 30, or other similar marks such as striations, facilitating the installation of hooks with point 31 for retaining slates 29 from the penultimate row, depending on the desired P gauge.

For the installation of the lower row of slates 29, metal staples 32 of suitable profile are provided, which hang on the "drop of water" from the lower edge 7 of the doubling element 1, and ensure the retention slates 29 of this row by their lower edge.

As again shown in FIG. 7, the doubling element 1 can comprise ventilation channels 33, parallel to each other, which extend from the upper part 3 of the element to its lower edge 7.

The design according to FIG. 7 remains compatible with the addition of a gutter support 21 articulated around a horizontal axis 22 under the lower part 6 of the doubling element 1 - see the line drawn in dashed lines. A complete gutter profile (see figure 6) could also be articulated under the doubling element 1 of figure 7.

Finally, FIG. 9 shows a doubling element 1 of the same general design as that of FIG. 7, always having an obtuse angle A, and completed by a snow stop 34. It is a full or perforated wing, produced in one piece with the remainder of the doubling element 1 and projecting from its upper face. In the case of an openwork wing, this may include a trellis 35 filling its openings 36. Although designated as a snow stop, this latter arrangement can also have the function of stopping falling tiles or slates.

• le matériau constitutif de l'élément de doublis ;
• les dimensions et formes de détail de cet élément, notamment son profil et sa longueur L, du moment que ses fonctions principales sont conservées ;
• les fonctions auxiliaires intégrées à l'élément de doublis, ces fonctions décrites plus haut dans le cas de quelques exemples pouvant être regroupées selon toutes combinaisons (ainsi la ventilation décrite en référence à la figure 7 pourrait être appliquée à la configuration selon les figures précédentes) ;
• les accessoires associés à cet élément de doublis, en particulier les accessoires de raccordement qui peuvent être adaptés pour réunir deux éléments de doublis consécutifs dont les directions forment un angle ;
• la destination de cet élément de doublis, qui s'applique à tous types de couverture, non seulement en tuiles plates ou en ardoises, mais aussi en tuiles de forme différente, ainsi qu'en bardeaux et plaques, de toutes matières, et posées indifféremment sur des chevrons en débord ou en retrait.

One would not depart from the scope of the invention, as defined in the claims, by modifying or adapting:

• the material of the doubling element;
• the dimensions and forms of detail of this element, in particular its profile and its length L, as long as its main functions are preserved;
• the auxiliary functions integrated into the doubling element, these functions described above in the case of a few examples that can be grouped according to any combination (thus the ventilation described with reference to FIG. 7 could be applied to the configuration according to the preceding figures) ;
• the accessories associated with this doubling element, in particular the connecting accessories which can be adapted to join two consecutive doubling elements whose directions form an angle;
• the purpose of this element of doubling, which applies to all types of roofing, not only in flat tiles or slates, but also in tiles of different shape, as well as in shingles and plates, of all materials, and installed indifferently on overhanging or recessed rafters.

Claims (15)

Lining element for building roofing, characterized in that it is in the form of a prefabricated profiled element (1), of finished or indefinite length (L) and which can be arranged in the extension of similar elements, with a lower part ( 6) the lower face of which forms an obtuse angle (A) with respect to the lower face of its upper part (3), the lower face of the element (1) being intended to be applied and fixed to a roof frame ( 9,10) and / or an entablature (12) and its upper face being designed for retaining at least one row of roofing elements such as tiles (2) or slates (29). Lining element according to claim 1, characterized in that its upper part (3) has a tapered profile. Lining element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is produced in the form of a profiled element (1) molded or extruded, of plastic material such as polyvinyl chloride. Lining element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is associated with mechanical means, such as pins (16) or clips (20), for the end-to-end assembly of such profiled elements (1). Lining element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that its lower face has a fastening profile, such as a shoulder (5), for fastening the element (1) on a batten or batten (9). Lining element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that its lower face is relatively smooth, for direct fixing, for example by nailing or screwing (11), on rafters (10). Lining element according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that its upper face has an attachment profile, such as a shoulder (8), for retaining tiles, in particular flat tiles (2) . Lining element according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that its upper face is relatively smooth and designed to receive retaining means (9,31) of the covering elements (2,29), this upper face comprising in particular, as appropriate, a notch (29) for the establishment and holding of slats or battens (9) on which hang the tiles (2), or pins (30) for the installation of hooks ( 31) retaining the slates (29). Lining element according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a prefabricated gutter support (21) is attached under the lower part (6) of this lining element (1). Lining element according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a complete gutter profile (25 to 28) is attached under the lower part (6) of this lining element (1). Lining element according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the gutter support (21) or the gutter profile (25 to 28) is attached under the lower part (6) of this lining element (1) by l 'through a hinge pin (22), allowing adjustment according to the slope of the roof, means (24) being provided for immobilizing the support (21) or gutter profile (25 to 28) in the correct angular position relative to the remainder of the doubling element (1). Lining element according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it includes provisions for the flow of water, such as splines (18) and / or lower edge (7) with a "drop of water" profile. Lining element according to claim 12, characterized in that the "droplet" profile of its lower edge (7) is provided for the attachment of staples (32) of corresponding profile, ensuring the retention of the slates ( 29) of the lower row in the case of a slate roof. Lining element according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises provisions, such as channels (33) extending from the upper part (3) of the element (1) to its lower edge (7), for the low ventilation of the cover. Lining element according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it includes a snow stop (24), in particular in the form of a full or perforated wing, produced in one piece with the rest of the 'doubling element (1) and projecting on its upper face.

Images