Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
  • E02B3/16—Sealings or joints
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
  • E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
  • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
  • E02D31/004—Sealing liners
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/3707—Woven fabric including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
  • Y10T442/3724—Needled
  • Y10T442/3764—Coated, impregnated, or autogenously bonded
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/494—Including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
  • Y10T442/666—Mechanically interengaged by needling or impingement of fluid [e.g., gas or liquid stream, etc.]
  • Y10T442/667—Needled

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a water and / or oil impermeable sealing mat which essentially consists of a layer of swellable clay provided with cover layers.
• Such a sealing mat is known from European patent 0 059 625, in which a flexible carrier layer carries a bentonite layer, on which in turn a cover layer can be located. All three layers, i.e. the backing layer, which can be a nonwoven fabric, the bentonite layer and the cover layer, which can be an unspecified mat, are connected to one another by means of an adhesive. In the case of such a product, the backing layer and the top layer are only connected to one another via the bentonite layer, so that when used, because of the adhesive bond which is released when the bentonite layer becomes moist, there is no firm connection between the backing layer and top layer.
• This sealing mat essentially consists of a backing layer, a layer of swellable clay and a top layer, the backing and / or top layer consisting of a nonwoven fabric and the layer which may not consist of a nonwoven fabric consisting of a woven fabric, knitted fabric or a plastic film, whereby all three layers are needled together.
• the carrier layer and the top layer remain by the needling also during and after the swelling of the swellable clay firmly connected, the bentonite particles being trapped in the cage by the fibers which extend from the cover layer through the bentonite layer to the carrier layer and vice versa.
• the wet bentonite layer can not act as a sliding plane and there is a real transfer of thrust from the cover layer to the carrier layer, so that, for. B. on slopes a slipping of the existing gravel or debris layer is not to be feared.
• this own German patent specification 37 04 503 already states that a reduction in the water permeability of these sealing mats can be achieved by first applying a floury bentonite to the support layer and, if necessary, shaking it in and only then applying the granular bentonite granules. Instead of shaking the floury bentonite into the carrier layer, one can also proceed by first impregnating the carrier layer with an aqueous bentonite suspension or rolling on an aqueous bentonite paste and only then, if necessary after drying beforehand, applying the granular bentonite granules. If desired, the top layer can also be treated in the same way as the carrier layer before it is applied.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method by which it is possible to fill the carrier and / or top layer consisting of nonwoven fabric with powdery or granular swellable clay, in particular with powdered bentonite, in such a way that not only achieves an excellent sealing effect in the overlap area, but that the filling, in particular in the top layer of the finished sealing mat, is in such a state that it prevents the swellable clay or bentonite introduced when rolling up, during storage, during transport and / or falls out or dusts out of the nonwoven layers when rolling out.
• the backing and / or cover layer consists of a nonwoven fabric, into which swellable clay applied from outside is also needled during the needling of the three layers and which is subsequently moistened and then dried again, wherein a fiber-reinforced skin is formed from swellable clay, which is firmly connected to the overall structure.
• At least one layer consists of a nonwoven and the swellable clay applied to it is needled from the outside into the nonwoven during the needling process, and then the top layer provided with the needled swellable clay is swollen with water and then dried again.
• the present invention thus relates to a process for the continuous production of a water and / or oil-impermeable sealing mat which essentially consists of a carrier layer, a layer of swellable clay, in particular bentonite, and a cover layer, at least one of the layers being a nonwoven and whereby the dry powdery or granular swellable clay is applied to the carrier layer, the covering layer is laid over it and the three-layer material obtained is passed through a needle chair for the needling of the carrier layer and covering layer, which is characterized in that prior to the needling on the top of the nonwoven fabric applying the existing top layer of powdery swellable clay, needling the four-layer laminate obtained, then moistening the swellable clay needled in the top layer with water and then drying again, and if appropriate subsequently subsequently carrying the carrier treats.
• the cover layer consists of a nonwoven fabric and the carrier layer consists of a woven fabric or a film, the use of a woven fabric being preferred.
• plastic films but also paper, preferably sodium kraft paper, are suitable as films.
• the fabrics used according to the invention must be woven so tightly that even finely powdered bentonite with particle sizes in the »m range cannot penetrate the fabric.
• a ribbon fabric is preferably used.
• Humidification with water can be done with cold, warm or hot water or with steam.
• the sealing mats produced according to the invention are also outstandingly suitable as sealing safety underlays under a waterproof covering made of plastic film.
• a waterproof covering made of plastic film In the event of injury to such a plastic film, e.g. due to the formation of holes or cracks, the water penetrating through this leak causes the swellable clay in the sealing mat produced according to the invention, which is preferably a naturally occurring sodium bentonite, to swell and thus closes the leak in a quasi "self-healing process".
• the nonwovens used preferably consist of quality plastic fibers, in particular of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyacrylic and / or polyamide fibers.
• Nonwovens made of high density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene are particularly preferred in the field of landfill technology. Their extremely high tensile strength means that they are largely insensitive to mechanical stress.
• the nonwovens used are preferably spunbond nonwovens mechanically consolidated by needling. They are constructed in such a way that the crimped fibers form a flat structure with innumerable labyrinthine passages.
• the structure of the nonwovens can be varied depending on the area of application set the area of use coarser or finer so that an optimal adaptation to the requirements is guaranteed.
• the mechanical strengthening guarantees a framework structure that is essential for the purposes of the invention.
• a carrier layer made of nonwoven fabric, woven fabric, knitted fabric and / or film is used, the film being a plastic film, a plastic film or paper reinforced with fabric, preferably sodium kraft paper, and a porous structure a coarse-pore chemically or mechanically consolidated or only partially consolidated nonwoven fabric or from a non-consolidated fiber-crossed carded nonwoven or a random fiber nonwoven, in contrast to the embodiments described above, no layer of swellable clay is applied directly to the carrier layer, but only in a correspondingly larger amount the porous structure is applied or introduced, a naturally occurring sodium bentonite in powder or granule form preferably being used as the swellable clay.
• the fabric thus obtained is then passed through appropriate needle chairs, the swellable clay being incorporated into the porous structure and the porous structure itself being mechanically solidified as in the conventional needling technique.
• the consolidation can also take place by means of knitting and / or sewing technology.
• the fabric obtained is then moistened with water on the side on which the bentonite was applied or on both sides.
• the fabric consolidated by means of the needling technique is then sprayed with water on the top and / or bottom and then dried. Drying can be carried out, for example, by means of infrared radiation or by passing the web through an oven or a hot air duct. For various applications it can be advantageous if the bentonite retains a certain residual moisture.
• the sealing mat obtained in this way can then either be used with the carrier layer as a sealing mat or the paper layer is removed and the embedded clay is swollen with water from this side and dried. Such a product naturally results in an optimal seal in the overlap area.
• the paper web is removed only at the edges and in a width that corresponds to the overlap width. This technique can also be used in the other embodiments described above, in which paper is used as a carrier layer.
• the sealing sheets according to the invention are used in particular as seals for groundwater protection and are preferably used as a mineral component of a combination seal in conjunction with plastic sealing sheets.
• the sealing sheets according to the invention bring about a self-healing effect in relation to the damaged plastic sealing sheet.
• a roll of ribbon fabric with a width of 4 m is unrolled over a winding block and fed to a needle chair as a carrier layer.
• an amount of approx. 3,500 g / m2 bentonite powder is applied to the ribbon fabric serving as the backing layer.
• a roll of nonwoven (6.7 dtex fibers) is fed to the bentonite layer as a top layer via a further winding block.
• Bentonite powder in an amount of 1,500 g / m2 is also applied to this top layer.
• the needle chair has several needle boards. Each needle board is equipped with thousands of needles. The needle boards are moved up and down very quickly (up to approx. 1,000 strokes per minute). The needles provided with notches penetrate all layers, the notches ensuring that the individual fibers are intertwined with one another, so that a firm bond is created in which the bentonite particles are virtually encapsulated. As a result of the needling process, part of the bentonite also penetrates into the cover layer from the bentonite intermediate layer, insofar as space is still available there.
• the top layer is moistened with water from above, in an amount of approximately 300 g / m 2 and then dried again, which is advantageously carried out using infrared radiators.
• the sealing mat obtained in this way makes the top layer appear in the form of a coherent, fiber-reinforced skin that fulfills the task.
• a PP ribbon fabric (100 g / m2) is covered with a 350 g / m2 carded pile and then 3000 g / m2 of activated sodium bentonite is sprinkled in.
• the fiber web filled with bentonite and the carrier fabric are passed through a needle chair and mechanically consolidated.
• the non-woven fabric filled with bentonite is then sprayed with 300 ml / m2 of water to fix the bentonite on the top and dried for 2 minutes at 300 ° C. using an infrared radiator.
• the water treatment forms a coherent, fiber-reinforced "elephant skin”.
• nonwovens, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and / or foils of any raw material and any surface masses and combinations thereof can of course also be used as the carrier layer.
• the basis weight and the raw material as well as the fiber fineness of the cardboard pile or the random fiber nonwoven can also be varied depending on the area of application.
• the bentonite or the swellable clay can be applied both in powder form and in granulate form.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
• Filtering Materials (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
• Bedding Items (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
• Packages (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (30)

Families Citing this family (22)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 1992
  • 1992-12-19 DE DE4243254A patent/DE4243254A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1992-12-19 DK DK92121653.7T patent/DK0563453T3/da active
  • 1992-12-19 DE DE59203476T patent/DE59203476D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-12-19 ES ES92121653T patent/ES2077969T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-12-19 EP EP92121653A patent/EP0563453B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-12-19 AT AT92121653T patent/ATE127188T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1992-12-23 CZ CS923854A patent/CZ282114B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1992-12-23 SK SK3854-92A patent/SK385492A3/sk unknown
  • 1992-12-30 NO NO925059A patent/NO300092B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1993
  • 1993-02-18 MY MYPI93000278A patent/MY108799A/en unknown
  • 1993-02-26 TW TW082101416A patent/TW259759B/zh active
  • 1993-03-11 CA CA002091540A patent/CA2091540C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-03-16 FI FI931172A patent/FI104979B/fi active
  • 1993-03-17 US US08/032,274 patent/US5428877A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-03-19 IT ITMI930525A patent/IT1272112B/it active IP Right Grant
  • 1993-03-29 HR HR930592A patent/HRP930592A2/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1993-03-30 KR KR1019930005150A patent/KR0177842B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-03-31 YU YU22193A patent/YU48496B/sh unknown
  • 1993-03-31 CN CN93103425A patent/CN1051130C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-04-01 AU AU35637/93A patent/AU662806B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1993-04-01 SI SI9300159A patent/SI9300159A/sl unknown
  • 1993-04-01 RU RU9393004700A patent/RU2076914C1/ru active
  • 1993-04-01 HU HU9300957A patent/HU213956B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1993-04-01 MX MX9301898A patent/MX9301898A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1993-04-01 PL PL93298341A patent/PL174276B1/pl unknown
  • 1993-04-01 LT LTIP470A patent/LT3017B/lt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1993-04-02 TR TR00173/93A patent/TR28825A/xx unknown
  • 1993-04-02 ZA ZA932412A patent/ZA932412B/xx unknown
  • 1993-04-02 JP JP5098362A patent/JPH0625646A/ja active Pending
• 1995
  • 1995-10-30 GR GR950403023T patent/GR3017918T3/el unknown
• 1996
  • 1996-02-08 HK HK24496A patent/HK24496A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation

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