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EP0146752B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour extruder les particules végétales, en particulier les particules en bois, mêlées avec l'adhésif - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour extruder les particules végétales, en particulier les particules en bois, mêlées avec l'adhésif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0146752B1
EP0146752B1 EP84113545A EP84113545A EP0146752B1 EP 0146752 B1 EP0146752 B1 EP 0146752B1 EP 84113545 A EP84113545 A EP 84113545A EP 84113545 A EP84113545 A EP 84113545A EP 0146752 B1 EP0146752 B1 EP 0146752B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
extrusion
mixture
webs
axis
piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP84113545A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0146752A1 (fr
Inventor
Anton Heggenstaller
Xaver Spies
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Anton Heggenstaller GmbH
Original Assignee
Anton Heggenstaller GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anton Heggenstaller GmbH filed Critical Anton Heggenstaller GmbH
Priority to AT84113545T priority Critical patent/ATE58501T1/de
Publication of EP0146752A1 publication Critical patent/EP0146752A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0146752B1 publication Critical patent/EP0146752B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/28—Moulding or pressing characterised by using extrusion presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
    • B27N3/14—Distributing or orienting the particles or fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and devices for the extrusion of vegetable small parts, especially small wooden parts, mixed with in particular weather-resistant binder, in a piston extrusion press in accordance with the features listed in the preamble of the main claim.
  • the view of the previously known teaching that a considerable compression of the mixture during the pre-pressing process should lead to an increase in the bending strength of the extruded product should not be shared.
  • the end face of the known extrusion piston is provided with a concavely recessed curvature, through which the end face of the individual extrusion section is mapped accordingly and a kind of tongue and groove connection of the sections results.
  • the invention has for its object to develop the known extrusion process in such a way that a considerable increase in the bending strength of the extruded product in the longitudinal direction is achieved with improved connection of the individual extrusion section.
  • the invention aims to produce high-quality, in particular thick-walled extruded sheets with reduced specific weight and weather-resistant gluing, which can be used, for example, for interior walls of buildings, stables and the like and which have the required strength for this.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that layers which are clearly distinguishable from one another must be pronounced in the finished extruded product, the longer chips in particular, at least in the outer layers, being intended to have a position which is predominantly oriented parallel to the extrusion direction. It is therefore not only important that the chips lie approximately parallel to the large surface of the strand. The strength is rather increased if this parallel position is directed longitudinally to the extrusion axis.
  • the pre-orientation of the small parts is brought about in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of claim (3) during their free fall into the press space during filling. Surprisingly, this is achieved in a very simple manner by filling the batch through narrow shafts which extend longitudinally in the extrusion direction and which are formed by spaced-apart thin-walled and upright webs and which are arranged in a stationary manner.
  • webs of the same height are used, which are arranged on both sides of the press space at a greater distance from one another than in the prior art.
  • Another important idea of an embodiment of the invention is to press the batch accumulated in the baling chamber from both sides. Because of the arrangement of the aforementioned webs, the pre-press punches must therefore penetrate through the shafts present between the webs. At the same time, however, the press stroke of this pre-punch is limited by the height of the webs. Therefore, only a limited pre-compression of the outer layers is brought about by each pre-compression die, the compression ratio of which is considerably lower than that of DE-AS 12 47 002.
  • the method according to the invention can both can be used with vertical as well as horizontal piston extrusion presses.
  • An oblique pressing direction can also be carried out.
  • horizontal extrusion is preferable, only one is assumed below, without the invention being restricted thereto.
  • the invention teaches with claims (11) and (12) to move the upper pre-press along the webs covering the filling opening for the pressing chamber so that the pressing chamber is released for the filling process.
  • the invention teaches with claims (11) and (12) to move the upper pre-press along the webs covering the filling opening for the pressing chamber so that the pressing chamber is released for the filling process.
  • part of the batch accumulates in free fall on the upper end faces of the webs. It is therefore expedient to provide a squeegee which is movable lengthwise or transversely to the webs and which scrapes the batch and helps to bring the small parts into the desired orientation.
  • Fig. (1) of the drawing shows a partial perspective of an extruded product (1), which can have a considerable thickness, for example (8, 5) cm, and is preferably used as a screed, inner wall of a building, load-bearing plate and the like.
  • the invention does not preclude the production of thin-walled extrusions according to the method described later.
  • the product (1) produced along the extrusion axis (5) has a typical layer formation which is to be produced during extrusion.
  • the upper cover layer (2) and the lower cover layer (3) should be pre-compressed with respect to the core layer (4). It is essential that at least in these cover layers (2, 3) especially the longer small parts have a chip orientation (6) oriented parallel or almost parallel to the extrusion axis (5).
  • Fig. (2) a variant of the extruded product (1) is shown, which have longitudinally running and mutually parallel channels (7).
  • the layer (8) forming the channel wall in turn has a higher compression than the core layer (4). If, according to FIG. (3), a section is taken along the plane 111-111 in FIG. (2) through the extruded product (1), then the aim is also in this sectional plane to have an orientation (6) oriented parallel to the extruding axis (5) to achieve longer chips or small parts.
  • FIG. (4-6) it is assumed that a press chamber (10) of the press ram contour (12) of the usual extrusion piston is circumscribed.
  • This extrusion piston (20) which is shown in more detail in FIGS. (9 and 10), has an in particular rectangular cross section designed in accordance with the extrusion product (1) of FIGS. (1) and (2). It is guided between the press room walls (11) perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in Fig. (4).
  • a plurality of webs (13), which are at a certain distance, for example (8) mm, from one another, are relatively thin-walled and are fixed vertically upright on the top and bottom of the press ram contour (12). Because they are wearing parts, the use of a steel band suitable for the formation of saw blades is recommended.
  • the webs (13) have the function of aligning the small parts of the mixture in the charging arrangement (14) during free fall, so that, as shown in FIGS. (1) and (2), they predominantly have a parallel chip orientation ( 6) to the extrusion axis (5).
  • This chip orientation (6) is favored in that the loading arrangement (14) - as shown later in FIG. (6) - is moved back and forth along the webs (13) with its outlet opening (15).
  • the lower edge of the loading arrangement (14) can be arranged at a distance from the upper edge of the upper webs (13). In this case it is to be expected that a small part of the batch will settle on the upper edge of the webs (13) to form a bridge.
  • an upper pre-press die (19) is brought into a position between the upper webs (13) by a longitudinal displacement parallel to the extrusion press axis (5), which is approximately that of the lower pre-press die shown in Fig. (4) (16) corresponds.
  • the mixture is pre-pressed in an approximately vertical direction (in the case of horizontal piston extrusion presses) with the aid of the pre-compression punches (16, 19).
  • the strip-like approaches of the pre-press punches (16, 19) penetrate the shafts (18) between the webs (13) and reach their end position shown in FIG. (5), with the contour (12) of the extrusion piston shown in FIG. (4) matches.
  • the outer layers (2, 3) are pre-compressed, but should only reach such an extent that the extrusion stroke to be carried out afterwards achieves a secure connection of the individual extrusion sections to one another should let.
  • pre-compression in a ratio of 1: 2 has proven to be expedient. The consequence of this pre-compression is that the already longitudinally oriented small parts are fixed in their position and remain in this position during the extrusion stroke.
  • FIG. (6) a vertical longitudinal section through the press arrangement is shown.
  • the extrusion piston (20) is driven to reciprocate in the horizontal direction in accordance with the arrow (21).
  • An extrusion technology according to DE-PS 29 32 406 is preferably used.
  • the movement distance of the extrusion piston (20) is symbolized by the webs (13) arranged above and below, the position of the lower pre-compression ram (16) with its stroke direction (22) being made clear.
  • a curing channel (25) which is preferably designed according to the teaching of DE-PS 25 35 989 and DE-PS 27 14 256.
  • this loading arrangement (14) can be moved back and forth in the direction of the arrow (26).
  • this loading arrangement (14) is arranged on a carriage (24) which also carries the upper press ram (19).
  • This press ram (19) dips a certain distance into the shafts (18) between the upper webs (13) (cf. Fig. 4) and also has the function of accumulating during the reciprocating movement of the carriage (24) of the batch introduced into the baling chamber (10) to have a balancing effect.
  • Stroke generators (23) are arranged on the slide (24) and move the upper pre-compression die (19) into the end position shown in FIG. (5) in the direction of the arrows (22).
  • the two prepress rams (16, 19) remain in their position shown in Fig. (5) when the extrusion stroke of the extrusion piston (20) is subsequently carried out.
  • the loading arrangement (14) can be designed in such a way that it covers the entire filling area of the pressing space (10). It is then conceivable to set the webs (13) in vibrations along their longitudinal direction, which could have a low amplitude but a high frequency. This measure also makes it possible to achieve a longitudinal orientation (6) parallel to the extrusion axis (5) of the small parts without the dynamic flow effect of the movable loading arrangement (14) shown in FIG. (6) being used. Such a movement is possible in that the webs (13) are connected on one end face to a vibration-generating arrangement, for example a vibrating magnet. It would serve the same goal if the webs (13) remained stationary, whereas the loading arrangement (14) was set in vibration along the extrusion axis (5).
  • FIGS. (9) and (10) show schematic, perspective partial views of an extrusion piston (20). From DE-AS 12 47 002 it is known to concave the end face of the extrusion piston. Instead, Fig. (9) teaches a convex design by a protruding end profile (35) and two slightly recessed intermediate profiles (36) that merge continuously. In contrast to the previously known teaching, however, the edge areas between the alignment lines (37, 38) are provided with undulating deviations (39), which has the advantage that the teeth of the extruded sections to be connected to one another are more intensive without the chip orientation (6) being significantly increased influence.
  • a concave curvature (41) of the end face of the extrusion piston (20) is shown, which merges into sawtooth-like profiles (42) along the piston edges, which are very rounded.
  • the end profiles of the extrusion die can be designed as strip profiles and screwed onto the actual die bodies. It has proven to be advantageous if the above screw heads are used because their impression in the molding compound promotes the interlocking of the extruded sections pressed against one another.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
  • Furan Compounds (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)

Claims (17)

1. Procédé pour extruder des particules végétales, en particulier des particules de bois, qui sont mélangées notamment à un liant résistant aux intempéries, dans une presse d'extrusion à piston, à laquelle est raccordé un canal de durcissement (25), qui peut être chauffé, et selon lequel on réalise une densification préalable du mélange transversalement par rapport à l'axe d'extrusion (5) avant la course d'extrusion, caractérisé par le fait qu'on soumet le mélange incluant un pourcentage de copeaux assez long, par exemple des copeaux en forme de pointes, pendant la production du mélange dans la chambre de pressage (10) une influence d'orientation agissant au moins sur les copeaux assez longs de manière que ces derniers s'orientent parallèlement ou approximativement parallèlement à l'axe (5) de l'extrudeuse, et qu'ensuite on réalise une densification préalable des couches extérieures du mélange avec un faible taux de compression tel que les copeaux orientés, situés dans ces couches (2,3), conservent des positions fixes lors de la course ultérieure d'extrusion.
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'on réalise une densification préalable du mélange avec un taux de compression comprise entre environ 1:1,5 et 1:2,5 et égal de préférence à 1:2.
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'orientation des particules est réalisée à l'aide de réglettes (13) à parois minces, qui sont disposées de champs qui s'étendent, dans la zone de chute libre du mélange, parallèlement à l'axe d'extrusion (5), à une certaine distance réciproque.
4. Procédé suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'on retire par raclage (27) les accumulations du mélange, qui se forment sur les réglettes (13), jusque dans les cavités (18) présentes dans la zone située entre les réglettes (13).
5. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé par le fait qu'on introduit le mélange dans la chambre de pressage (10) pendant un déplacement va-et-vient, qui s'effectue suivant l'axe d'extrusion (5), du dispositif de chargement (14) possédant une ouverture de sortie (15).
6. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé par le fait que la densification préalable du mélange situé dans la chambre de pressage (10) est réalisée dans les cavités (18) situées entre les réglettes (13), qui restent fixes.
7. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé par le fait qu'on extrude le mélange préalablement densifié, sur une section égale à au moins 200 mm et comprise de préférence entre 400 et 600 mm, et qu'on réduit ou on supprime la force de frottement appliquée au boudin par au moins une partie du canal de durcissement (25), pendant la course d'avance d'extrusion.
8. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à refroidir le piston (20) de la presse d'extrusion.
9. Dispositif pour extruder des particules végétales, en particulier des particules de bois mélangées notamment à un liant résistant aux intempéries, et constitué par une presse d'extrusion à piston comportant un canal de durcissement (25) pouvant être chauffé, qui se raccorde à la chambre de pressage (10) déterminée par la course du piston, et des dispositifs (14,16,17) utilisés pour le chargement de la chambre de pressage ainsi que pour la densification préalable du mélange, situé dans la chambre de pressage (10), transversalement par rapport à l'axe d'extrusion (5), caractérisé par le fait que sur le côté supérieur de remplissage et sur le côté opposé de la chambre de pressage (10) sont disposées une multiplicité de réglettes (13) à parois minces, qui sont constituées de champs, parallèlement à l'axe d'extrusion (5) et à distance les unes des autres et entre lesquelles les sections adaptées de deux poinçons de pressage préalable (16, 19), guidés transversalement par rapport à l'axe d'extrusion (5), peuvent être déplacées jusque dans un plan correspondant au contour (12) du piston d'extrusion (20).
10. Dispositif suivant la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que le poinçon individuel de pressage préalable (16, 19) est agencé à la manière d'une structure en forme de peigne, qui comporte, entre des dents possédant des surfaces de pressage en forme de bandes (40), des fentes (17) parallèles à l'axe d'extrusion et servant les réglettes (13).
11. Dispositif suivant la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé par le fait que le poinçon de pressage préalable (19) associé à l'ouverture de remplissage de la chambre pressage (10) est guidé en étant déplaçable le long de la réglette (13) depuis une position libérant l'ouverture de remplissage jusque dans une position dans laquelle il recouvre cette ouverture.
12. Dispositif suivant la revendication 9 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu une racle mobile (17) qui agit sur le mélange (33) qui s'accumule sur les réglettes (13).
13. Dispositif suivant la revendication 9 ou l'une des suivantes,.caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de chargement (14) couvre l'ensemble de la zone de remplissage de la chambre de pressage
(10), et soit les réglettes (13), soit le dispositif de chargement (14) peuvent être amenés à osciller dans la direction dans laquelle s'étendent les réglettes.
14. Dispositif suivant la revendication 9 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé par le fait que pour la formation de canaux dans le produit extrudé, il est prévu des barres qui traversent la chambre de pressage des pistons d'extrusion parallèlement à l'axe d'extrusion, et que la distance entre les barres correspond approximativement au rayon des barres.
15. Dispositif suivant la revendication 9 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé par le fait que la zone centrale de la surface frontale du piston d'extrusion (20) possède un profil concave ou convexe (35, 41), et que la zone marginale (36) située des deux côtés du profil cintré (35, 41), du piston d'extrusion (20) est agencée avec une forme de dent transversalement par rapport à l'axe d'extrusion (5).
16. Dispositif suivant la revendication 9 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé par le fait que le poinçon de pressage préalable (16) situé en vis-à-vis de l'ouverture de remplissage (15), est guidé par les réglettes (13), qui lui sont associées, et par son guide, de manière à être déplaçable en va-et-vient transversalement par rapport à l'axe d'extrusion (5).
EP84113545A 1983-12-22 1984-11-09 Procédé et dispositif pour extruder les particules végétales, en particulier les particules en bois, mêlées avec l'adhésif Expired - Lifetime EP0146752B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84113545T ATE58501T1 (de) 1983-12-22 1984-11-09 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum strangpressen von mit bindemittel vermengten pflanzlichen kleinteilen, insbesondere holzkleinteilen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3346469A DE3346469C2 (de) 1983-12-22 1983-12-22 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Strangpressen von mit Bindemittel vermengten pflanzlichen Kleinteilen, insbesondere Holzkleinteilen
DE3346469 1983-12-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0146752A1 EP0146752A1 (fr) 1985-07-03
EP0146752B1 true EP0146752B1 (fr) 1990-11-22

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EP84113545A Expired - Lifetime EP0146752B1 (fr) 1983-12-22 1984-11-09 Procédé et dispositif pour extruder les particules végétales, en particulier les particules en bois, mêlées avec l'adhésif

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (2) US4645631A (fr)
EP (1) EP0146752B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS60157806A (fr)
AT (1) ATE58501T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1249706A (fr)
CS (1) CS251091B2 (fr)
DD (1) DD232452A5 (fr)
DE (2) DE3346469C2 (fr)
DK (1) DK161684C (fr)
ES (1) ES8608993A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI74233C (fr)
NO (1) NO163729C (fr)
PT (1) PT79695A (fr)
SU (1) SU1384190A3 (fr)
YU (2) YU43393B (fr)

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YU207484A (en) 1987-12-31
DE3346469C2 (de) 1987-02-26
DK161684B (da) 1991-08-05
SU1384190A3 (ru) 1988-03-23
DE3483644D1 (de) 1991-01-03
ES8608993A1 (es) 1986-09-01
YU103086A (en) 1988-08-31
FI74233C (fi) 1988-01-11
PT79695A (de) 1985-01-01
CS251091B2 (en) 1987-06-11
EP0146752A1 (fr) 1985-07-03
CA1249706A (fr) 1989-02-07
DE3346469A1 (de) 1985-07-18
FI844613L (fi) 1985-06-23
ES538507A0 (es) 1986-09-01
YU43393B (en) 1989-06-30
NO163729B (no) 1990-04-02
YU45015B (en) 1991-06-30
JPS60157806A (ja) 1985-08-19
DD232452A5 (de) 1986-01-29
FI74233B (fi) 1987-09-30
NO844757L (no) 1985-06-24
FI844613A0 (fi) 1984-11-23
DK161684C (da) 1992-01-27
DK614284A (da) 1985-06-23
ATE58501T1 (de) 1990-12-15
DK614284D0 (da) 1984-12-20
US4645631A (en) 1987-02-24
US4611979A (en) 1986-09-16
NO163729C (no) 1990-07-11

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