EP0121922B1 - Lining of a building - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a building cladding, in particular as a roof covering or facade cladding, with a first layer of beams which are arranged at a distance from one another and connected to the building, and with a second layer of beams which are arranged at a distance from one another and essentially transversely to the Beams of the first layer are aligned and to which an outer skin is connected, the beams of the first layer being slidably connected to each other at their respective intersection points with the beams of the second layer.

Roof covers for hall roofs and also facade cladding are often made in a lightweight metal construction. A major problem here is the mastery of the different longitudinal expansions of the roof covers or facade claddings on the one hand and the other, mostly made of concrete building parts, for example the ceiling truss or the building wall. A further complication of this design problem arises when a roof covering as a double-shell Cover with intermediate insulating layer is formed, since then even different thermal expansions of the two roof shells occur relative to each other within the roof covering itself. In the connection areas between the cladding and the building wall or between the two roof shells, there can be considerable shear stresses on the connection means, which can lead to destruction of the connection or the outer skin, for example by widening the through holes of the screws or rivets in the outer skin. If such a construction is carried out in metal, there is still the problem that, despite filling the space between the inner and outer shell with an insulating material, considerable heat losses occur due to heat conduction via the construction elements.

From LU-A-68 748 a non-load-bearing wall cladding is known, in which support rails connected in parallel and provided with the load-bearing wall are slid onto the support elements, which are adjustable with respect to the distance perpendicular to the load-bearing wall and with their free end one retaining bar is firmly connected by clamping. The wall cladding panels are fixed to the retaining strips. The holding elements are designed to be displaceable only to the extent necessary for the purpose of assembly and to compensate for unevenness. On the finished wall cladding, free longitudinal and transverse movements of the wall cladding relative to the load-bearing wall to compensate for expansion and shrinkage of the structure, such as are caused by changing temperatures, are not possible because of the clamping connection. This construction is not intended and cannot be used as a roof covering.

The invention has for its object to provide a building cladding, in particular a roof covering, in which the support layer assigned to the outer skin is reliably decoupled from the other support layer and practically no tension occurs in the construction due to temperature fluctuations and which can also absorb the loads, such as they occur with roof covers.

This object is achieved in that a sliding connector is provided which allows free expansion of the two intersecting beams in their longitudinal direction, and that the first layer of the beams is connected to a closed inner cover on its side facing the building, and that The space between the inner cover and the outer skin is filled with an insulating material. This construction has the advantage, on the one hand, that large, heat-insulated surfaces, for example roof surfaces, in particular structures made of metal, can be created in which the shell consisting of the outer skin and the second support layer can freely expand relative to the underlying support layer without constraint. Different expansions in zones, for example in sunlight, when part of the area is shaded by other parts of the building, can also be absorbed without difficulty. On the other hand, the advantage of the construction according to the invention is that the contact surfaces between the individual supports of the first support layer and the supports of the second support layer are very small, based on the total area, so that the passage area available for heat conduction is considerably reduced , which is of great importance, for example, in roof coverings according to the invention, that is to say in the case of a double-shell construction with an insulating intermediate layer. The particular advantages of the construction according to the invention are particularly evident when both the outer skin and the inner cover are made of sheet metal. The large length changes that occur in such a construction due to thermal expansion, for example when a hall is heated in winter, are easily absorbed by the construction according to the invention without constraints occurring in the construction, which, for example, lead to loosening of the connection or damage to the roof skin and thus leakage of the roof cover.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the carrier of both Layers are formed by hollow profiles made of metal with a substantially C-shaped cross-section, that the intersecting hollow profiles face each other with their open sides and that the sliding connector of each crossing point engages in the lower and upper hollow profiles through the open side. The advantage of this construction is beyond the inherent advantages of the basic principle of the invention that not only can a lightweight construction with a high load-bearing capacity be produced, but also the assembly is made considerably easier, since the connection of the individual parts can be carried out practically in the manner of a plug connection . This construction also allows the sliding connection to be given sufficient play so that the connection has only a low frictional resistance in the area of the crossing points. This also has the advantage that the sliding connectors themselves are a "non-load-bearing" component, ie, for example, a snow load is absorbed directly via the intersecting beams. The sliding connectors only have to hold the support layer carrying the outer skin securely in the event of suction from wind.

In an embodiment of the invention it is further provided that the sliding connector is formed by an essentially T-shaped profile piece and that the web of the T-profile has lateral notches for receiving the free flange ends of the C-shaped profile of the beam to be connected which is to be pushed on. With the help of such a sliding connector, even large beam lengths can be installed in a simple manner. The T-shaped profile piece is in each case hooked into the corresponding slot-shaped opening of a carrier of the lower layer and then the carrier of the upper layer to be fastened is inserted with its free legs into the notches in the web of the T-shaped profile piece. In this way, one carrier of the upper layer can be connected progressively from carrier to carrier of the lower layer with the carriers of the lower layer. The outer skin is then connected to the supports of the upper layer.

In an embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that a sliding intermediate layer is arranged at the crossing points between two beams. This sliding intermediate layer, which can consist of a plastic, for example PTFE or the like, not only leads to a reduction in the heat conduction between the supports of the lower layer and the upper layer at the crossing points, but also has the advantage that in the case of relative movements Cracking and setting noises can be avoided between the two carrier layers. The intermediate slide layer is expediently designed such that it is held by the sliding connectors, so that additional securing to the carriers is not required.

In an embodiment of the invention it is further provided that at least the outer skin consists of plate material with longitudinal profiling in the form of beads, bends or the like, and that the supports assigned to the outer skin each run transversely to the assigned profiling. The term "profiling" within the meaning of the invention also includes profiles with a wavy profile in cross-section, including those which have a trapezoidal "wave profile" or flat panels with a few parallel reinforcing beads. This also includes shapes that are formed from many parallel U-profiles that are placed side by side, whereby a closed outer skin is achieved by a tight connection of adjacent profile flanges. Sheet metal can be considered as well as plastics, asbestos cement or the like. The advantage of this construction is that the roof covering or facade cladding has a high load-bearing capacity in spite of the lightweight construction that is possible with it, since the two shells are relatively rigid constructions in themselves the required free relative movement between the two shells is given.

In an embodiment of the invention, it is finally provided that the outer cladding shell formed from the outer skin and the carriers directly connected to it is fixed only in the upper area of the building or on the inner cladding shell, the connection in this area acting as a sliding connection in the longitudinal direction of the building .

• Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Dachabdeckung, teilweise aufgebrochen,
• Fig. 2 ein Konstruktionsdetail der Ausführungsform gem. Fig. 1 in größerem Maßstab,
• Fig. 3 in perspektivischer Ansicht in größerem Maßstab einen Kreuzungspunkt zwischen zwei Trägern,
• Fig. 4 eine Seitenansicht eines Kreuzungspunktes,
• Fig. 5 eine Ausführungsform eines Schiebeverbinders,
• Fig. 6 die Montage eines Schiebeverbinders gem. Fig. 5,
• Fig. 7 in perspektivischer Ansicht eine Gleitzwischenlage aus Kunststoff,
• Fig. 8 die Ausbildung eines Kreuzungspunktes zwischen zwei Trägern mit Gleitzwischenlage,
• Fig. 9 eine andere Form eines Schiebeverbinders.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to schematic drawings of a roof covering as an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

• 1 is a perspective view of a roof covering, partially broken away,
• Fig. 2 shows a construction detail of the embodiment according to. 1 on a larger scale,
• 3 is a perspective view on a larger scale of an intersection between two beams,
• 4 is a side view of an intersection,
• 5 shows an embodiment of a sliding connector,
• Fig. 6 assembly of a sliding connector acc. Fig. 5,
• 7 is a perspective view of a sliding intermediate layer made of plastic,
• 8 shows the formation of a crossing point between two carriers with a sliding intermediate layer,
• Fig. 9 shows another form of a sliding connector.

The schematic, perspective view according to FIG. 1 shows a roof covering for a warehouse. Here, the binder 1 spanning the hall made of concrete or the like. On the building walls or on supports 2 are stored. An inner cover 3 made of sheet metal is initially provided on the binders 1 and has a corrugated profile formed from successive trapezoids. The inner cover 3 is laid in such a way that the apex lines of the shafts run parallel to the ridge and cover at least two adjacent trusses.

On the upper side of the inner cover 3, a first layer of supports 4 is fixedly connected to it, which are arranged at a distance from one another and which run transversely to the corrugated profile of the inner cover 3. In the illustrated embodiment, these carriers are made of metal as a hollow profile and have an essentially C-shaped cross section, the open side of the profile cross section pointing upward.

On this first support layer, a second layer of supports 5 is applied, which are also formed by hollow profiles made of metal with a substantially C-shaped cross section. However, the beams 5 of the second layer lie with their open profile side on the open profile side of the beams 4 of the first layer. At the crossing points 6, the intersecting beams are connected by a sliding connector, the construction and assembly of which will be described in more detail below, in such a way that the crossing beams 4, 5 can each stretch freely in their longitudinal direction, but perpendicular to the roof plane firm connection is formed.

Finally, with the second support layer formed by the supports 5, the roof skin 7 is firmly connected, which in the illustrated embodiment also consists of a corrugated metal sheet. However, this profile is arranged so that the apex lines of the waves are aligned perpendicular to the eaves. The space between the inner cover 3 and the roof skin 7 can be completely filled with insulating material.

The respective closest to the roof ridge support 8 of the upper support layer is firmly connected to the supports of the lower support layer in such a way that elongation is possible in the longitudinal direction, but otherwise the roof shell formed from the position of the supports 5 and the roof skin 7 against Slipping is kept.

The roof structure described above is shown in Fig. 2 on a larger scale. As can be seen from this illustration, the inner cover 3 and the associated carrier 4 are firmly connected to one another by means of rivets or screws 9. Likewise, the roof skin 7 is firmly connected to the associated supports 5 by means of screws or rivets 10, so that there are two stable shells or panels which, due to the assignment of the individual profile shapes to one another despite the relative mobility of the two shells to one another perpendicular to their surface have significant load bearing capacity.

The crossing point 6 with its sliding connector is shown in detail in FIG. 3. The sliding connector 11 is shown in perspective in FIG. 5. In the exemplary embodiment, it consists of an essentially T-shaped profile piece, the web 12 of which has notches 13 on both sides. The belt 14 of the profile is angled at aine free edges 15, so that the shape shown in Fig. 5 results.

As shown in Fig. 3, the free edge 15 of the C-shaped profile of the carrier 4 of the lower carrier layer is once more folded inwards, so that the sliding connector 11 can be inserted into the carrier 4, as in Fig. 3, so that the beveled edge 15 of the sliding connector 11 engages behind the beveled free edge of the carrier profile 4. During assembly, the carrier 5 of the upper carrier layer is now displaced in the direction of the arrow 16 and transversely to the course of the carrier 4, so that the free edges of the C-profile of the carrier 5 engage in the notches 13 in the web 12 of the sliding connector 11. The carrier 5 is then continuously pulled through from one of the underlying carriers 4 to the other during assembly of the roof and each connected to the lower carrier layer with the aid of a sliding connector 11. Fig. 4 shows a side view of such a corner point.

In Fig. 6 it is shown that with appropriate dimensions of the C-profile of the carrier 4 and the T-profile of the sliding connector 11, they do not have to be inserted into the C-profile in the longitudinal direction, but rather can be hooked in from above. This makes assembly much easier.

7 shows a sliding intermediate layer 17 made of plastic, for example made of PTFE, in perspective. The sliding intermediate layer is provided with a cutout 18 so that it can grip around the web 12 of the sliding connector 11 at the crossing point, as is shown in a side view in FIG. 8. The sliding intermediate layer not only improves the free movement of the two roof shells against each other in the area of the crossing points, which also prevents cracking noises, but also improves the thermal insulation between the outer roof shell and the inner roof shell, since in the area of the already very reduced contact area between the beams 4 and 5 an additional reduction in thermal conductivity is achieved by the intermediate sliding layer.

The roof structure described above can be assembled directly on the construction site, as well as in prefabricated individual elements are assembled, which are then assembled to cover the building to form a closed roof area.

Another embodiment of a sliding connector is shown in FIG. This consists essentially of two crosswise connected pipe sections 19 and 20 with, for example, a square cross section. The clear cross section of the pipe sections is dimensioned such that the supports 4, 5 to be connected to one another can be pushed through with slight play. With this form of sliding connector, the arrangement of a sliding intermediate layer is possible. This can consist, for example, in a plastic lining of the pipe sections 19, 20 or else by means of a corresponding casing or the like which can be plugged onto the carrier in the intersection area.

It is readily apparent that facade cladding can also be created with this system. As a rule, the interior covering described can be dispensed with here, since the insulation material to be introduced is held directly by the wall of the building. The lower support layer 4 is then fastened accordingly to the building wall. The carrier layer 5 and the outer skin 7 can then either be installed one after the other, as described above for a roof covering, or the carrier layer 5 and the outer skin 7 can be inserted as a prefabricated element from above with the inserted sliding connectors. Depending on the building height, the outer cladding shell is defined in the area of the roof overhang or roof connection in smaller buildings, or in intermediate areas in higher multi-storey buildings. In this case, between the "free" end of the upper cladding zone and the subsequent "fixed" end of the next cladding zone, there must be sufficient space for expansion with overlap of the outer skin. The "fixed" end must be connected to the building in such a way that the weight of the cladding or the cladding zone in question is absorbed, but free expansion of the outer shell in the horizontal direction is also possible in this area.

Since in the case of facade cladding the beads etc. of the panel material used for the outer skin generally run vertically, it is expedient here to arrange the supports 5 assigned to the outer skin not horizontally but with a slight inclination in order to ensure that water which has penetrated into the hollow profiles runs smoothly to guarantee.

Since at least the highest carrier assigned to the outer skin or a partial outer skin surface runs horizontally, the load-bearing connection to the lower carrier layer or to the building can also take place on this carrier. Here too, it is advisable to provide a sliding intermediate layer in order to largely avoid cracking and setting noises when the outer skin is "working" in the longitudinal direction. Depending on the weights to be taken up, this carrier can be of larger dimensions and have a profile that differs from the other carriers. The edge or surface of the plate material assigned to this support is expediently shaped, for example by folding or a horizontal bead, in such a way that the weight is not absorbed solely by the connecting means (screws or rivets) between the outer skin and the supports.

Claims (8)

1. Building facing, in particular as roof covering or facade facing with a first layer of supports (a), which are arranged at a distance from each other and are connected with the building, and with a second layer of supports (5), which are arranged at a distance from each other and are aligned substantially transversely to the supports (4) of the first layer and with which an outer skin (7) is connected, in which the supports (4) of the first layer are connected together with the supports (5) of the second layer at their respective points of intersection (6) in each case so as to be displaceable, characterized in that a push connector (11) is provided, which permits a free extension of the two intersecting supports in their longitudinal direction and that the first layer of the supports (4) is connected on its side facing the building with a closed inner covering (3), and that the space between the inner covering (3) and outer skin (7) is filled with an insulating material.

2. Building facing according to claim 1, characterized in that the supports (4, 5) of the two layers are formed by hollow sections of metal with a substantially C-shaped cross- section, that the intersecting hollow sections face each other with their open sides, and that the push connector (11) of each point of intersection (6) in each case engages into the lower and the upper hollow section through the open side.

3. Building facing according to claim 2, characterized in that the push connector (11) is formed by a substantially T-shaped section piece, and that the cross-piece (12) of the T-section has lateral notches (13) to receive the free flange edges of the C-shaped section, to be pushed on, of the support which is to be connected.

4. Building facing according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at the points of intersection (6) between every two supports (4, 5) in each case a sliding intermediate layer (17) is arranged.

5. Building facing according to claim 4, characterized in that the sliding intermediate layer (17) is field by the push connector (11).

6. Building facing according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least the outer skin (7) consists of sheet material with longitudinal profiling in the form of corrugations, folds or the like, and that the supports (4, 5) associated with the outer skin (7) in each case run transversely to the associated profiling.

7. Building facing according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outer facing shell (7), formed from the outer skin (7) and the supports (5) immediately connected therewith, is in each case fixed only in the upper region against the building or respectively against the inner facing shell, whereby the connection is effective in the longitudinal direction of the building as a push connection.

8. Building facing according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the push connectors are formed in each case from pipe pieces (19, 20) which, intersecting each other, are firmly connected with each other, and that the supports (4, 5) which are to be connected are inserted in each case through the associated pipe pieces.

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