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EP0108963B1 - Circuit d'alimentation pour un séparateur de poussières électrostatique - Google Patents

Circuit d'alimentation pour un séparateur de poussières électrostatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0108963B1
EP0108963B1 EP83110554A EP83110554A EP0108963B1 EP 0108963 B1 EP0108963 B1 EP 0108963B1 EP 83110554 A EP83110554 A EP 83110554A EP 83110554 A EP83110554 A EP 83110554A EP 0108963 B1 EP0108963 B1 EP 0108963B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
voltage
thyristor
transformer
power supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83110554A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0108963A1 (fr
Inventor
Friedrich Eiserlo
Kurt Emmrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Walther and Co AG
Original Assignee
Walther and Co AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Walther and Co AG filed Critical Walther and Co AG
Priority to AT83110554T priority Critical patent/ATE20833T1/de
Publication of EP0108963A1 publication Critical patent/EP0108963A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0108963B1 publication Critical patent/EP0108963B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S323/00—Electricity: power supply or regulation systems
    • Y10S323/903—Precipitators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a supply circuit for an electrostatic dust collector with a transformer, the primary circuit of which contains a thyristor circuit and the secondary circuit of which is coupled to the electrode of the dust collector, and to a detector which is coupled to the electrode and which only detects rapid voltage changes which occur in the event of a flashover at the dust collector. responds and acts on the thyristor circuit.
  • Two sizes are required for electrostatically cleaning a gas from dust.
  • charge carriers that are emitted as a result of a corona under the influence of high voltage from the spray electrode of the separator and accumulate on the dust particles that are carried in the gas.
  • a high-voltage field is required in which the charged particles are subjected to a force according to Coulomb's law, which drives them in the direction of the positive anode.
  • This force which is exerted on the particles in the high-voltage field, is proportional to the level of the electric field strength, i.e. also the level of the applied voltage, i.e. the faster the particles are moved, the smaller the filter can be designed.
  • the pulses In order to be able to introduce pulses with a high power density into the filter, the pulses should be present as briefly as possible, i.e. in the range between 40 and 200 us. As a result of the short period of time, the voltage of these pulses can now be set very high above the normal breakdown voltage, because the time delay in the growth of the channel discharge, which leads to the arc, gives the voltage time to decay and thus the replenishment of energy into the discharge channel introduced is missing.
  • the known circuit (DE-A-26 08 436) consists essentially of a separator capacitor and a thyristor circuit through which energy is transferred from a storage capacitor to the separator capacitor.
  • the inductance of the transformer forms a resonant circuit with the capacitance of the dust collector and with a coupling capacitor, which causes the energy stored in the separator to be returned during the pulse of the voltage source.
  • the returning energy is fed back to the storage capacitor by a so-called free-wheeling diode, so that only the losses in the circuit and the sprayed-off current have to be replaced.
  • Thyristors for short-term switching of high voltages and high powers are very expensive.
  • an electrostatic precipitator in which very high voltages are briefly applied in order to generate the necessary charge carriers, it often happens that a flashover occurs during a voltage pulse.
  • the voltage at the electrode of the dust separator breaks down suddenly because the dust separator is short-circuited to a certain extent.
  • This short circuit creates an oscillating circuit, which now only consists of the transformer and the coupling capacitor. This vibration is transferred to the primary side of the transformer and generates a high current there, which tends to charge the charging capacitor.
  • the thyristor circuit is turned on, this current can flow freely to the storage capacitor.
  • a voltage spike is generated at it, which can destroy the thyristors and the free-wheeling diodes.
  • the transformer is supplied with AC voltage via the thyristor circuit.
  • This alternating voltage is fed to the electrode of the dust collector via a rectifier.
  • the electrode voltage is monitored by a detector, which detects rapid changes in the electrode voltage, such as those which take place in the event of a flashover, and sets the thyristor circuit in the blocking state in the event of a sparkover. Thereupon the voltage supply to the electrode is completely interrupted, so that the dust collector is inactive for a certain time. Since high voltages occur at the thyristor circuit in the event of a flashover, there is a risk that the thyristors will be destroyed in the blocking state.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a supply circuit of the type mentioned that with short-term pulses high voltage can be operated to achieve effective generation of charge carriers without the risk of destroying the thyristors or other electronic components.
  • the primary circuit of the transformer is connected to a DC voltage source via the thyristor circuit, the thyristor circuit is controlled by a pulse generator, and the electrode is additionally connected to a DC voltage which supplies the pulses generated by the thyristor circuit via the transformer and a capacitor are supplied, and that the detector controls the thyristor circuit in the conducting state in the event of a flashover.
  • the thyristors are effectively protected against overvoltages and destruction by the action of the detector.
  • a protective circuit which taps the potentials in front of and behind the thyristor circuit and controls the thyristor circuit to the conductive state when the potential difference exceeds a predetermined value.
  • This protection circuit responds directly to the voltage between the main electrodes of the thyristors. It must have an extremely short response time of e.g. 1 ⁇ s to control the thyristors in the conductive state before voltage breakdowns can take place on the blocked thyristors.
  • the high-voltage pulses In order to generate a sufficient amount of free charge carriers during the high-voltage pulses at the dust collector, it is important that the high-voltage pulses have a high voltage on the one hand, but are on the other hand very short in order to avoid flashovers. Short high-voltage pulses can only be achieved with a transformer if the leakage inductance of the transformer is as low as possible.
  • the usual transformers have an iron core made of laminated metal sheets. The sheets do not form a continuous magnetic path, but have joints that are the cause of magnetic losses and scattering.
  • the transformer is designed as a toroidal core transformer, the core of which carries the windings consists of a spirally wound sheet metal. This creates a continuous magnetic path free of impact points, the leakage inductance of which is limited to a minimum.
  • a toroidal transformer With such a toroidal transformer, short high-voltage pulses can be generated on the secondary side. Because of the short pulse duration, it is possible to make the voltage higher than with the known transformers without increasing the risk of voltage flashovers on the dust separator.
  • the transformer in addition to a secondary winding and a primary winding, has an auxiliary winding through which a rectified counter-magnetizing current flows, which generates a magnetic field which is opposite to that of the pulse current through the primary winding.
  • This counter-magnetizing current is a direct current, which ensures after each transmitted pulse that the iron of the transformer is magnetized back to the operating point.
  • the counter-magnetizing current is preferably generated by the secondary coil of an auxiliary transformer, the primary coil of which is connected in series with the thyristor circuit.
  • the magnitude of the demagnetizing direct current is generated as a function of the magnitude or frequency of the pulse current, so that the magnetization back is limited to the required extent. If the pulses are generated with a higher frequency, a larger counter-magnetizing current results than in the case that the pulses are generated at a lower frequency.
  • the housing 11 of a dust collector 10 is connected to earth potential.
  • An electrode 12 protrudes into the pot-shaped housing 11, on which a high voltage with respect to the housing 11 is generated in a manner still to be explained.
  • the voltage between the electrode 12 and the housing 11 is designated U F.
  • a base voltage U B of, for example, 35 kV is applied to the electrode 12 via a choke 13.
  • This base voltage is a DC voltage that is supplied by a voltage source (not shown).
  • the electrode 12 is connected to one end of the secondary winding 15 of the transformer 16 via a coupling capacitor 14 of 1 ⁇ F.
  • the other end of the secondary winding 15 is connected to ground potential.
  • the primary winding 17 of the transformer 16 is also connected to ground potential at one end and to the thyristor circuit 19 at the other end via an adjustable inductor 18.
  • the thyristor circuit 19 consists of a plurality of pairs connected in parallel, each consisting of a thyristor 20 and an antiparallel to the thyristor 20 Diode 21. Only one of these pairs is shown for reasons of clarity.
  • the thyristor circuit 19 is connected via the primary winding 23 of an auxiliary transformer 22 to the positive pole of the supply voltage U 1 , which has a size of, for example, 7 kV.
  • the storage capacitor 24, whose other electrode is connected to ground potential, is connected to the connection between the primary winding 23 and the thyristor circuit 19.
  • the maximum voltage of U F is approximately 60 kV, and this pulse is superimposed on the base voltage U e .
  • the course of the current flowing in the series resonant circuit is also shown in FIG. 3. It can be seen that the current I first runs through a positive half-wave. At the time when the pulse voltage U F reaches its maximum value, the current 1 goes through zero, and this is followed by a negative half-wave of the current I during the decay of the voltage U F.
  • control voltage U c ie the pulse that the control circuit 25 generates in order to control the thyristor 20.
  • This pulse U c initially has a short voltage peak in order to open the thyristor 20, and this is followed by a region of lower voltage.
  • the total duration of the pulse U c is approximately 20 ⁇ s, and the total duration of the pulse U F is approximately 120 ⁇ s.
  • the times indicated in FIG. 3 are calculated from the time t o at which the control of the thyristor 20 begins.
  • the thyristor 20 is already in the blocking state, and a voltage is generated across it that has the opposite polarity to the diode 21 and can not flow through this diode.
  • a detector 27 is connected to the electrode 12, which supplies a pulse to a transformer 29 via line 28 when the voltage U F drops sharply.
  • the secondary winding of the transformer 29 is connected between the anode connection and the control connection of the thyristor 20.
  • the transmitted on the secondary coil of the transformer 29 pulse from line 28 controls the thyristor 20 in the conductive state, so that the high primary voltage caused by the secondary short circuit of the transformer 16 can discharge through the conductive thyristor 20 to the storage capacitor 24.
  • the detector 27 consists of a series connection of a capacitor 30 and a resistor 31, which is connected to ground potential.
  • the RC constant of the detector 27 is approximately 1 ⁇ s, so that only very brief changes in the voltage U F can generate a signal on line 28, while the normal pulse voltage, which is shown in FIG. 3, does not cause a signal change on line 28 .
  • a further protective circuit 32 which generates a control signal on line 45 as a function of the voltage that prevails between the main electrodes of the thyristor 20.
  • This protective circuit consists of a first voltage divider consisting of resistors 33 and 34 and a second voltage divider consisting of resistors 35 and 36. The taps of the two voltage dividers are connected to one another and connected to the input of an amplifier 37. The output of amplifier 37 is connected to transformer 29 via line 45.
  • the ohmic voltage divider 33, 34 has a reaction time which is too great due to the capacitances or inductances which the resistors necessarily have. For this reason, the voltage divider 35, 36 is provided in parallel with the ohmic voltage divider, which has a short response time due to the capacitor 36.
  • the structural design of the transformer 16 is shown schematically in FIG. 2.
  • the transformer has a toroidal core 38 made from a spirally wound single sheet metal strip.
  • the cylindrical toroid is wound with the primary winding 17 and the secondary winding 15 in the manner shown.
  • the toroidal core 38 also carries an auxiliary winding 39 which is wound in the opposite direction to the primary winding 17, which is indicated in FIG. 1 by the points.
  • the auxiliary winding 39 is connected to the two ends of the secondary coil 41 of the auxiliary transformer 22 via a rectifier 40.
  • the primary winding 23 of the auxiliary transformer 22 is traversed by current.
  • a voltage is generated in the secondary winding 41, which is rectified by the rectifier 40 and discharged via the auxiliary winding 39.
  • a direct current is generated in the auxiliary winding 39, the magnitude of which depends on the frequency and strength of the pulses at the dust separator 10 and which generates a counter-magnetization in the core 38, thereby preventing the core 38 from gradually increasing due to the pulses the saturation is controlled.
  • a capacitor (not shown) can be provided in parallel with the auxiliary winding 39.
  • a series circuit comprising a diode 42 and a capacitor 43 is connected between the thyristor and ground potential.
  • a resistor 44 is connected in parallel to the capacitor 43.
  • the diode 42 ensures that negative pulse jumps are kept away from the cathode connection of the thyristor 20. Such negative pulse jumps charge the capacitor 43 via the diode 42, which can then slowly discharge via the resistor 44.
  • This protective circuit also helps to prevent sudden overvoltages on the thyristor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Circuit d'alimentation pour un séparateur électrostatique de poussière comportant:
- un transformateur (16) dont le circuit primaire contient un circuit à thyristor (19) et dont le circuit secondaire est couple à l'électrode (12) du séparateur de poussière (10),
- et un détecteur (27) couplé à l'électrode (12) et qui ne réagit qu'à des variations rapides de tension qui surviennent lors de l'éclatement d'étincelles sur le séparateur de poussière (10), et agit sur le circuit à thyristor (19),
caractérisé en ce que
- le circuit primaire du transformateur (16) est raccordé, par l'intermédiaire du circuit à thyristor (19), à une source de tension continue (UI),
- le circuit à thyristor (19) est commandé par un générateur d'impulsions (25),
- l'électrode (12) est en supplément mise à une tension continue (UB) à laquelle sont amenées, par l'intermédiaire du transformateur (16) et d'un condensateur (14), les impulsions produites par le circuit à thyristor (19),
- et le détecteur (27) commande le circuit à thyristor (19), dans le cas d'une décharge d'étincelles, vers l'état conducteur.
2. Circuit d'alimentation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un circuit de protection (32) qui prélève les potentiels en amont et en aval du circuit à thyristor (19) et commande ce circuit à thyristor vers l'état conducteur lorsque la différence de potentiel dépasse une valeur prédéterminée.
3. Circuit d'alimentation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le transformateur (16) est réalisé sous la forme d'un transformateur toroidal dont le noyau (38) portant les enroulements consiste en une tôle enroulée en spirale.
4. Circuit d'alimentation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le transformateur (16), outre un enroulement primaire (17) et un enroulement secondaire (15), comporte un enroulement auxiliaire (39) qui est traversé par un courant redressé de contre- aimantation qui produit un champ magnétique qui est orienté en sens inverse de celui du courant d'impulsions à travers l'enroulement primaire (17).
5. Circuit d'alimentation selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le courant de contre- aimantation se trouve produit à travers la bobine secondaire (41) d'un transformateur auxiliaire (22) dont la bobine primaire (23) se trouve en série avec le circuit à thyristor (19).
EP83110554A 1982-11-06 1983-10-22 Circuit d'alimentation pour un séparateur de poussières électrostatique Expired EP0108963B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83110554T ATE20833T1 (de) 1982-11-06 1983-10-22 Versorgungsschaltung fuer einen elektrostatischen staubabscheider.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823241060 DE3241060A1 (de) 1982-11-06 1982-11-06 Elektrische schaltung fuer einen elektrostatisch arbeitenden staubabscheider
DE3241060 1982-11-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0108963A1 EP0108963A1 (fr) 1984-05-23
EP0108963B1 true EP0108963B1 (fr) 1986-07-23

Family

ID=6177481

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83110554A Expired EP0108963B1 (fr) 1982-11-06 1983-10-22 Circuit d'alimentation pour un séparateur de poussières électrostatique

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4854948A (fr)
EP (1) EP0108963B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5999976A (fr)
AT (1) ATE20833T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU559636B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE3241060A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8500766A1 (fr)
GR (1) GR78707B (fr)
IN (1) IN160445B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA838180B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4008561A1 (de) * 1990-03-16 1991-09-19 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum betreiben einer spannungsversorgungseinrichtung fuer ein elektrofilter

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3511622A1 (de) * 1985-03-29 1986-10-09 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren und einrichtung zur versorgung eines elektroabscheiders mit hochspannungsimpulsen
FR2601829B1 (fr) * 1986-07-18 1988-11-10 Ducellier & Cie Generateur electrique haute tension et systeme depoussiereur comportant un tel generateur
WO1990001991A1 (fr) * 1988-08-19 1990-03-08 Gosudarstvenny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Energetichesky Institut Imeni G.M.Krzhizhanovskogo Source de tension a impulsions pour electrofiltres epurateurs de gaz
JPH03505297A (ja) * 1988-08-24 1991-11-21 ゴスダルストヴェニ　ナウチノ　イスレドヴァテルスキ　エネルゲチチェスキ　インスチテュート　イメニ　ゲー　エム　クルジザーノフスコゴ 静電集塵器用パルス電圧源
WO1990001993A1 (fr) * 1988-08-26 1990-03-08 Gosudarstvenny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Energetichesky Institut Imeni G.M.Krzhizhanovskogo Source de tension a impulsions pour electrofiltres epurateurs de gaz
US6063168A (en) * 1997-08-11 2000-05-16 Southern Company Services Electrostatic precipitator
PL1652586T5 (pl) 2004-10-26 2016-08-31 Smidth As F L System wytwarzający impulsy dla odpylacza elektrostatycznego
US7452403B2 (en) * 2005-12-29 2008-11-18 General Electric Company System and method for applying partial discharge analysis for electrostatic precipitator
ES2387853B1 (es) * 2010-09-22 2013-08-23 Endesa S.A. Generador de pulsos de energización para un electrofiltro.
US10245595B2 (en) * 2014-06-13 2019-04-02 Flsmidth A/S Controlling a high voltage power supply for an electrostatic precipitator
CN114244147B (zh) * 2021-12-17 2023-05-12 四川大学 一种用于电磁强化处理的电磁场耦合发生装置及方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2000422A1 (de) 1969-01-08 1970-07-23 Hitachi Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schutz von Thyristoren
DE2253601A1 (de) 1972-11-02 1974-05-16 8601 Steinfeld Verfahren und einrichtung zur elektronischen staubabscheidung
DE2608436A1 (de) 1975-03-03 1976-09-16 Lindberg As Nea Elektrostatische abscheideranordnung
US4282014A (en) 1975-01-31 1981-08-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Detector for detecting voltage breakdowns on the high-voltage side of an electric precipitator
US4325114A (en) 1979-04-24 1982-04-13 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Gate controlling circuit for a thyristor converter

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DE1911923B2 (de) * 1969-03-08 1972-08-17 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin u. 8000 München Anordnung zur selbsttaetigen regelung der abscheiderspannung in einem elektroabschneider
US3873282A (en) * 1972-07-27 1975-03-25 Gen Electric Automatic voltage control for an electronic precipitator
US3877896A (en) * 1973-08-14 1975-04-15 Vectrol Inc Solid state voltage control system for electrostatic precipitators
DE2540084C2 (de) * 1975-09-09 1983-08-25 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Einrichtung zum hochspannungsseitigen Erfassen von Überschlägen bei einem Elektroabscheider
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DE3027172A1 (de) * 1980-07-17 1982-02-18 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren zum betrieb eines elektrofilters
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2000422A1 (de) 1969-01-08 1970-07-23 Hitachi Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schutz von Thyristoren
DE2253601A1 (de) 1972-11-02 1974-05-16 8601 Steinfeld Verfahren und einrichtung zur elektronischen staubabscheidung
US4282014A (en) 1975-01-31 1981-08-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Detector for detecting voltage breakdowns on the high-voltage side of an electric precipitator
DE2608436A1 (de) 1975-03-03 1976-09-16 Lindberg As Nea Elektrostatische abscheideranordnung
US4325114A (en) 1979-04-24 1982-04-13 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Gate controlling circuit for a thyristor converter

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4008561A1 (de) * 1990-03-16 1991-09-19 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum betreiben einer spannungsversorgungseinrichtung fuer ein elektrofilter
DE4008561C2 (de) * 1990-03-16 1998-09-10 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Spannungsversorgungseinrichtung für ein Elektrofilter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA838180B (en) 1984-06-27
IN160445B (fr) 1987-07-11
AU559636B2 (en) 1987-03-19
AU2064083A (en) 1984-05-10
US4854948A (en) 1989-08-08
DE3241060A1 (de) 1984-05-10
JPS5999976A (ja) 1984-06-08
GR78707B (fr) 1984-09-27
DE3364745D1 (en) 1986-08-28
ES526977A0 (es) 1984-11-16
EP0108963A1 (fr) 1984-05-23
ATE20833T1 (de) 1986-08-15
ES8500766A1 (es) 1984-11-16

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