EP0015439A1 - Procédé de nourriture des cuirs et peaux - Google Patents
Procédé de nourriture des cuirs et peaux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0015439A1 EP0015439A1 EP80100829A EP80100829A EP0015439A1 EP 0015439 A1 EP0015439 A1 EP 0015439A1 EP 80100829 A EP80100829 A EP 80100829A EP 80100829 A EP80100829 A EP 80100829A EP 0015439 A1 EP0015439 A1 EP 0015439A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- leather
- phospholipids
- water
- greasing
- greased
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001243 protein synthesis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid group Chemical group S(O)(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol group Chemical group OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001851 biosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 cationic organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008344 egg yolk phospholipid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940013317 fish oils Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010027322 single cell proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- PZNPLUBHRSSFHT-RRHRGVEJSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PZNPLUBHRSSFHT-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000589341 Methylomonas clara Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001079625 Proteides Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical class [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013345 egg yolk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940068998 egg yolk phospholipid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011022 opal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010494 opalescence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000751 protein extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008347 soybean phospholipid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C9/00—Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes
- C14C9/02—Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes using fatty or oily materials, e.g. fat liquoring
Definitions
- the proteid portion remains undissolved, while 8-10% of the cell mass in the form of lipid-like substances in the methanol / ammonia Dissolve mixture.
- the present invention now relates to a process for greasing leather and fur, which is characterized in that liquid settings of emulsified or chemically modified lipid components from fermentatively obtained components of microorganisms at temperatures below the boiling point, preferably between 30 ° and 65 ° C, and normal pressure can act on the possibly colored substrate in the exhaust process, after which the substrate treated in this way is acidified as usual.
- biosynthetic phospholipids Similar to vegetable and animal lecithin, as found in egg or soybean oil, biosynthetic phospholipids also have a chemical softening and filling effect on leather, although they are chemically different from native lecithin. The good lubricating effect of natural lecithins from vegetable or animal oils has already been described many times, which is used in the leather industry.
- these biosynthetic phospholipids which are produced by fermentation, are bound to the leather fiber much more firmly than the natural icithins obtained from egg or vegetable oils, in which the phosphate group bound to the glycerol residue as an ester is known to additionally contain strongly cationic organic bases, such as choline (2- Hydroxyethyl-trimethylammonimnhydroxid [(CH 3 ) 3 N-CH 2 -CH 2 -OH] + OH - ), is esterified.
- choline 2- Hydroxyethyl-trimethylammonimnhydroxid [(CH 3 ) 3 N-CH 2 -CH 2 -OH] + OH -
- the biosynthetically obtained lipids normally have to be separated from the protein-containing main products, since they have a smell and taste similar to mash and would therefore impair the protein obtained. Because of their impure form, they are therefore out of the question for nutritional purposes or feed. However, this mash-like smell does not bother the greasing of leather, as it is neutralized by the leather fiber and the vegetable and mineral tanning agents.
- these phospholipid extracts isolated from fermentative protein extraction by separating protein and nucleic acids first have to be prepared into a water-dilutable form.
- the products can, on the one hand, be converted into a water-emulsifiable form by the addition of anionic, cationic or nonionic emulsifiers by the known methods of emulsification technology.
- the fat residues within the glycerol derivative symbolized above can be chemically modified with sulfuric acid, oleum, amidosulfonic acid or other known sulfonating agents without the triglyceride bond being broken down.
- the sulfo groups introduced in this way make the phospholipid water-soluble in alkaline, neutral and also in an acidic medium.
- nonionic stabilizing agents By adding 0.5 to 10% of nonionic stabilizing agents, it is then possible to render the sulfonated phospholipids mineral-salt resistant, so that they can even be used directly in aqueous chromium (III) salt tanning baths.
- the phospholipids produced by synthetic fermentation are clearly superior to the conventional vegetable and animal lecithin phospholipids in terms of their firm and chemical-cleaning-resistant bond to the leather fiber.
- the "biosynthetic-fermentative" phosphilipid is firmly bound to the leather fiber. Even with a longer extraction time, only a portion of approx. 30% of the total fat absorbed by the leather can be extracted from the leather again. As can also be seen from Table 1 (see exemplary embodiments), About 70% of the organic fats introduced are firmly bound, while only about 20% of the plant or egg lecithins bind (% bound fat).
- lipid-containing raw cell protein mass obtained from methanol (as a C source), consisting of 75% crude protein , about 9% phospholipids, 10% nucleic acids, 5% ash and 1% fibers are split by treatment in four liters of a mixture of 400 g of aqueous ammonia (25%) and 3.6 liters of methanol at room temperature over the course of 20 minutes and filters off the undissolved defatted proteins using a vacuum filter.
- Both the esterified and the free fatty acids have 95% chain length of approx. C 16 '
- Example 1 70 parts of the lipid fraction obtained according to Example 1 were mixed with 20 parts of a C 18 oxyethanesulfonic acid and 10 parts of soda and emulsified with the aid of 2 1 70 ° C warm water.
- the milky emulsion was added over a period of 10 minutes through the hollow axis into a rotating oiling drum on a 2 mm thick, 4.5 g moist beef box of 2000 g folding weight. This corresponds to 4.5% pure fat per fold weight.
- the liquor was acidified as usual to improve the bath extract with the help of 2% formic acid and was further drummed for 15 minutes. After this time, all of the fat from the aqueous liquor was applied to the leather.
- Example 1 70 parts of the lipid fraction obtained according to Example 1 were mixed with 20 parts of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (35%) and further diluted with 2 l of warm water. The result was a clear solution with weak opalescence.
- Example 2 Analogously to Example 2, 2000 g of folded beef box from the same batch were greased with this solution. For the complete bath extract, however, the amount of formic acid added was increased from 2% here to 3.2%.
- Example 1 70 parts of the lipid fraction obtained according to Example 1 were prepared with 20 parts of triethanolamine and 21 warm water to give an opal, cloudy solution, and this was greased in a manner analogous to Example 2 to 2000 g of cattle box.
- a mixture of 15 g of concentrated sulfuric acid and 15 g of a mixture of 7 g of spindle mineral oil and a C 16 sulfonic acid were added to 60 parts of the lipid fraction obtained according to Example 1 in the stirred flask over the course of 15 minutes, the temperature rising sharply. External cooling prevents the temperature from exceeding 60 ° C. in order to keep the cleavage of the triglyceride bond by the sulfuric acid as low as possible.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT80100829T ATE3060T1 (de) | 1979-02-23 | 1980-02-20 | Verfahren zum fetten von leder und pelzfellen. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19792907065 DE2907065A1 (de) | 1979-02-23 | 1979-02-23 | Verfahren zum fetten von leder und pelzfellen |
| DE2907065 | 1979-02-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0015439A1 true EP0015439A1 (fr) | 1980-09-17 |
| EP0015439B1 EP0015439B1 (fr) | 1983-04-13 |
Family
ID=6063735
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP80100829A Expired EP0015439B1 (fr) | 1979-02-23 | 1980-02-20 | Procédé de nourriture des cuirs et peaux |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4281997A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0015439B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPS55120700A (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE3060T1 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE2907065A1 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES8100346A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2534597A1 (fr) * | 1982-10-15 | 1984-04-20 | Schill & Seilacher | Procede de nourriture de cuirs et peaux |
| CN103571979A (zh) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-02-12 | 浙江理工大学 | 一种针对老化干硬皮革的抑菌回软剂制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3312166A1 (de) * | 1983-04-02 | 1984-10-11 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Lipotenside, verfahren zu ihrer isolierung und ihre verwendung |
| CN105648125B (zh) * | 2016-03-25 | 2017-09-05 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种多羟基改性大豆磷脂加脂剂的制备方法 |
| CN105695644B (zh) * | 2016-04-26 | 2018-08-24 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | 一种改性磷脂复合加脂剂及其制备方法 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE517353C (de) * | 1927-12-08 | 1931-02-03 | Bruno Rewald Dr | Fettprodukt fuer die Glacelederbereitung |
| FR2199760A5 (fr) * | 1972-09-15 | 1974-04-12 | British Petroleum Co |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4018559A (en) * | 1974-06-14 | 1977-04-19 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Non-rewet leather and method of producing same |
| CH623358A5 (fr) * | 1976-05-20 | 1981-05-29 | Ciba Geigy Ag | |
| US4206243A (en) * | 1976-07-27 | 1980-06-03 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for reducing the contents of lipids and nucleic acid in microbial cell masses |
| DE2633666C3 (de) | 1976-07-27 | 1983-02-24 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verminderung des Lipid- und Nucleinsäure-Gehaltes in mikrobiellen Zellmassen |
-
1979
- 1979-02-23 DE DE19792907065 patent/DE2907065A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1980
- 1980-02-18 ES ES488700A patent/ES8100346A1/es not_active Expired
- 1980-02-20 EP EP80100829A patent/EP0015439B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1980-02-20 AT AT80100829T patent/ATE3060T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-02-20 DE DE8080100829T patent/DE3062663D1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-02-21 US US06/123,199 patent/US4281997A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-02-22 JP JP2066880A patent/JPS55120700A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE517353C (de) * | 1927-12-08 | 1931-02-03 | Bruno Rewald Dr | Fettprodukt fuer die Glacelederbereitung |
| FR2199760A5 (fr) * | 1972-09-15 | 1974-04-12 | British Petroleum Co |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2534597A1 (fr) * | 1982-10-15 | 1984-04-20 | Schill & Seilacher | Procede de nourriture de cuirs et peaux |
| CN103571979A (zh) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-02-12 | 浙江理工大学 | 一种针对老化干硬皮革的抑菌回软剂制备方法 |
| CN103571979B (zh) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-06-10 | 浙江理工大学 | 一种针对老化干硬皮革的抑菌回软剂制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2907065A1 (de) | 1980-09-04 |
| ES488700A0 (es) | 1980-11-01 |
| ES8100346A1 (es) | 1980-11-01 |
| US4281997A (en) | 1981-08-04 |
| ATE3060T1 (de) | 1983-04-15 |
| DE3062663D1 (en) | 1983-05-19 |
| JPS55120700A (en) | 1980-09-17 |
| EP0015439B1 (fr) | 1983-04-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT DE FR GB IT |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19810216 |
|
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