CN86108648A - 轻型大功率电磁转换器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种轻型电磁转换器,它具有高的功率重量比,能作为高效马达、交流发电机或发电机运转;它尤其适用于诸如载客汽车之类的自行推进车辆。该电磁转换器可采用壳体结构,以增加热交换;并包括具有多个互相隔开的磁性部件的磁通产生组件,以及由分散排布的导体部件的线圈结构所构成的电枢组件;导体部件被磁通传导部件分隔开。电枢导体和磁通传导部件为分散排布。以避免产生反向感应电流或涡流,使转换器能在高转速时以高转矩高效率运行。
Description
本发明涉及到一种电磁转换器,具体地说,涉及到一种能用作马达、交流发电机或发电机的轻型大功率电磁转换器。
众所周知,电磁转换器可用来把电功率转换成机械功率或把机械功率转换成电功率。我们知道,由于这是磁性部件和导电部件之间相对运动所造成的,所以这两种情况下产生功率的能力就使得人们把这一现象应用于例如马达,交流发电机和发电机上。
虽然人所共知,马达、交流发电机和发电机设备可以做得十分轻,且至少一些已知的轻型设备能在高速下运转,但这些设备不能在高速运转下产生大功率。例如,已知每磅重为0.6马力的高功率密度设备可以间歇性地运转,但这种设备在超过每磅1.0马力的高功率密度时,就不能持续运转了。
已知的电磁转换器设备在运转中还不能同时具有高转速和高转矩和/或不能提供足够的效率。此外,现有的壳体结构设备没有在电枢中采用分散排布的导体和分散状(dispersed phase)的磁通传导部件,因而也就限于在低转速,即使是在高转矩下也只能得到低功率密度。
人们还熟知,电磁转换器包括一个定子和一个转子结构;这样的一个结构可以包括位于转子上的磁性部件(例如,见美国第3663850、3858071和4451749号专利),以及在定子上的磁性部件(例如,见美国第3102964、3312846、3602749、3729642和4114057号专利)。以前还提出了可采用两组极靴(polar pieces)(例如见美国第4517484号专利)。
此外,以前提出过一个壳形转子(例如,见美国第295368、3845338和4398167号专利),以及还提出了一个双壳形转子结构(例如,见美国第3134037号专利)。
以前还提出了在马达电枢组件内利用一束导线来代替单根导体(例如,见美国第497001、1227185、3014139、3128402、3538364和4321494号专利以及英国第9557号专利)。所述的这种导线用于承受高电压和大电流和/或用于减小电流损耗、所谓的集肤效应以及由于涡流产生的发热;这种导线与实心的和/或叠片的铁心一起使用(例如,见美国第3014139、3128402号专利和英国第9557号专利)。
以前还提出过一种电磁转换器,其功率重量比可达到约每磅1.0马力(例如,见美国3275863号专利)。此外,众所周知,可用一种气体、流体、或一种流体和气体的混合物冷却马达,以增加其承载功率的能力(例如,见美国第4128364号专利)。
虽然,至今已提出来和/或已采用各种用于电磁转换器的结构,但是尚未发现这些转换器(至少在其某些应用中)是完全成功的,这包括提供一种能具有大功率的轻型转换器。
特别是,至少是部分地由于一种流行的解释理论,即在导体中的磁场很弱,先有技术并没有阐明需要将导体分散排布,以实现高速运转。但是已经发现,按照惯用的说法设置的导体,在恒定电流下转矩随转速增加而减小,其结果正好和通常所希望的转矩随转速的增加而保持一个高值(这正是本发明所要达到的效果)相反。
本发明提供了一个改进的电磁转换器,它的重量轻,且由于转换器能具有高功率密度,还能进行高功率转换。转换器能作为一台高效马达、交流发电机或发电机运行。本发明的转换器能在超过每磅1马力的高功率密度下持续运转。
每单位重量的高功率密度是借助于采用具有分散排布的导体的电枢组件实现的,其导体由分散状的磁通传导部件以一种方式分隔开,使之产生低的反(opposing)感应电流以及低的涡流,使转换器以高效率运转,且在高速运转期间维持高转矩。
在电枢相对于磁通产生部件运动时,在电枢的导电部分会形成电流(它通常称为涡流),这些电流会导致发热和集肤效应(总称为涡流损耗)。但是,这些电流还产生了另一个至今还未认识到的效应;由于这些电流改变了磁通流动方式,同时起到使转矩随着转速增加而减小的作用,在此把这个电流称为反感应电流。即使当这些电流产生的损耗是可接受的,亦能发生随着转速的增加而使这种功率转换的能力降低的情况;而在常规的作法中,并未提出像本发明的电磁转换器中所实行的把导体分散的建议。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种改进的电磁转换器。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种轻型又具有高功率的改进的电磁转换器,该转换器具有高的功率密度。
本发明还有另一个目的是提供一种高效运转的改进的电磁转换器。
本发明还有另一个目的是提供一种具有每单位重量高功率密度的容量的改进的电磁转换器。
本发明还有另一个目的是提供一种具有高的功率重量比的改进的电磁转换器。
本发明还有另一个目的是使提供的改进的电磁转换器可用作一个高效的马达、交流发电机或发电机。
本发明还有另一个目的是使提供的改进的电磁转换器在超过每磅1.0马力的高功率密度下能持续运转。
本发明还有另一个目的是提供一个具有分散排布导体的电枢装置的改进的电磁转换器,分散排布导体的不同部分有磁通传导部件设置在导体之间,导体和磁通传导部件采用一种使之产生低的反感应电流的方式来构成和设置。
本发明还有另一个目的是使提供的电磁转换器具有一个最佳厚度的电枢组件,它表示在热量传导到冷却介质的作用(由电阻发热和另外热源及产生转矩所产生的热量)间的平衡。
考虑到上述这些目的和其他目的,对于一个技术熟练的人员说来,对于所说明的内容是显而易见的。本发明具有下述的新颖的结构、组合和部件的排布,特别是由附属权利要求所要限定的内容,不言而喻,本发明中公开的具体实施例内的变更,均包括在权利要求范围之内。
附图中表示出了,至今设计出的本发明原理实际应用的最好形式的完整实施例。
图1是一个本发明电磁转换器转动器件的等角的部件分解图。
图2是一个图1所示的电磁转换器组装后的侧视剖面图,同时用方框形式表示附加部件,以更好地表示本发明。
图3是一个等角局部视图,示出具有一台拖动马达构形的本装置的电磁转换器的应用,该马达用以驱动一个连带着车辆的轮子。
图4是一个等角局部视图,示出图1和2中所示的电磁转换器的分散排布的导体和磁通传导部件的结构。
图5表示由分散排布的导体构成的二层线圈的典型结构,并表示位于线圈匝之间的磁通传导部件。
图6是一个通过图2中6-6线所取的剖面图,图中也表示出转换器中磁通的路径。
图7是一个与图6相似的局部剖视图,但表示本发明的电磁转换器的一个替代的实施例。
图8是一个与图6相似的局部剖视图,但表示本发明的电磁转换器的另一个替代的实施例。
图9是一个与图6相似的局部剖视图,但仍表示本发明的电磁转换器的另一个替代实施例。
图10是一个与图6相似的局部剖视图,但还表示本发明的电磁转换器的另一个替代实施例。
图11是一个表示图4中所示的分散排布的导体的局部端部视图,并表示出围绕着导体的绝缘层。
图12是一个与图11相似的端部视图,但表示的是一个电枢结构的替代实施例;其中,导体上具有一个磁通传导装置敷层(铁),能用来代替图4至10中所示的磁通传导部件。
图13是一个与图11和12相似的端部视图,但表示电枢结构的另一个替代实施例;其中带绝缘的导体上具有一个磁通传导装置敷层(铁),能用来代替图4至10中所示的磁通传导部件。
图14是一个局部视图,表示采用图12或图13所示的实施例作为电枢,而不用分开的磁通传导部件。
图15是与图14相似的局部视图,但表示采用分散排布的导体和图12或图13实施例中所示的带敷层的分散排布导体的交替截面。
图16是一个图2所示的电磁转换器的替代实施例的侧视剖面图,且表示出固定到轴上可适用于换向电刷转换器的电枢。
图17是一个本发明电磁转换器的另一个替代实施例的等角的部件分解图,并示出园筒形沿轴对称的器件。
图18是一个本发明电磁转换器的另一个替代实施例的等角的部件分解图,并示出扁平长条形的器件。
图19是一个表示转矩和转速之间关系的曲线图,对一种常规转换器为b,对本发明的转换器为a。
图20是一个曲线图,表示本发明的转换器在不同转速下试得的涡流、磁滞和风阻损失的一个实例。
这里专门叙述一种新型的电磁转换器,包括其替代实施例;这就是说可以了解到能将本发明的电磁转换器用作一台马达(交流或直流)、交流发电机或发电机。其根据为:是否将一个电气信号传送到电枢(通常通过一个换向器或等效结构),以产生一个使磁通产生结构相对于电枢运动的力,而驱动转轴旋转;或是否由于轮轴转动而使磁通产生结构相对于电枢运动,以产生一个电动势,这样就可以使电流沿着电枢的导体移动,以从导体耦连出电气信号,这是众所周知的。
如图1和2所示的电磁转换器35,轻便且还能传递大功率;而这种高功率密度装置的转换器,特别适用于例如与自动推进(self-propelled)车辆一起的应用,诸如载客汽车,不过并不意味着本发明仅限于此。
当被用作车辆推进器时,可以将一个永久磁铁、中空的园筒形电磁转换器35安装用作一个实际车轮的拖动马达;并如图3所指明的,可以靠近轮轴39直接地装在每个车轮37上;通过齿轮减速机构41更好地实现驱动作用。
如图1和2所示,电磁转换器35包括一个外侧园筒形壳43该外壳有前端板和后端板45和46,端板45和46借助弹性挡环48和49固定在园筒形外壳的两相对的端部。
轮轴51有一个中心段52穿过园筒形外壳,该轮轴靠轴承57和和58分别装在端板45和46的中心衬套54和55内(只在图2中示出衬套55),以使轮轴中心段相对于园筒形外壳同轴定位。轮轴轴减小直径的后段60装在轴承58内,轮轴的前段62在前端板45的前部延伸,密封垫64装在与轴承57相邻的衬套54内。
仍如图2所示,吹风器65置于靠近背侧或后侧端板46处;该端板包括偏心进气孔66和围绕并靠近端板园周边缘带间隔布置的多个排气孔67。当这样使用时,转换器在一种气体(空气)介质(与一些已知的转换器所用的例如油或类似的流体介质不同)中运行。另外,设有一个弧形孔口68,以允许通过端板46来连接电枢导体。
如图2所示,转子70具有一个由相互隔开的内侧和外侧园筒部分72和73所形成的双层壳体结构,此壳体一般从装配园盘75延伸,则园筒部分72和73在园筒形外壳43内并与之同轴。装配园盘75有一环状的装配部分77,该装配部分装在轴承57内侧的轮轴51的刻有键槽的部分78上。
转子70的内侧园筒形部分72上装有磁性部件80,所示的这种磁性部件是永久磁铁(但如果需要,也可以用电磁铁)。园筒部分72和73由具有低磁滞损失和高导磁率的磁性材料构成(例如铁或钢),而装配园盘75由非磁性材料(例如塑料或铝)构成;同时磁性部件80是高强度的永久磁铁,这种磁铁以钕硼铁氧体(NdFeB)构成为佳,但也可以由钡铁氧体陶瓷(BaFe Ceramic)、钐钴(SmCo)或类似的材料构成。
如图2所示,电枢82相对于外壳43是固定的,并被装在后端板46上;这样,转子70可相对于电枢82(以及相对于外壳43)转动。电枢82是一个静止的园筒形壳体部件,它在转子的内侧和外侧园筒形部分72和73之间贯穿园筒形外壳43的那段长度。
如图4所示,电枢82包括分散排布的导体84,这对本发明是重要的。如图6所示,分散排布导体的不同部分85位于磁通传导部件86之间。分散排布的导体84最好由包有绝缘材料88(如在图11所示)的一束小直径铜导线87构成;同时导体84绕成一种连圈型式,如图5示例所表明;而导线束相对的端头被连接到通过端板46上孔68伸出的接线柱89上,如图2所示。
如图4中所示,导体84被制成遍布整个电枢的一束导线(例如,可在一个环内绕制),而每匝线圈间都具有一个磁通传导部件86,如图5和6所示;图5中概念性地示出一个典型的线圈。
磁通传导部件86以铁为佳(至少部分是铁),并填充在导体84的有效长度之间。导体84的线匝端部延伸超出了该有效长度部分,则将有效长度部分以一种适宜的型式彼此连接,如图5中的举例所示那种波状线圈。磁通传导部件最好是分散状的磁通传导组件,以获取具有低反感应电流和低涡流损失的高频高变磁场。因为铁是导电的,所以应该是分散排布的,以避免(或至少使其减至最小)产生反感应电流。已发现,由优质(10~100m Kron)的铁粉末,预先用磷酸盐绝缘物活性涂层和用“B”级环氧树脂及石腊作为粘合剂,可以挤压成一种适当的磁通传导部件。
通过设置与各线匝之间分散状的磁通传导部件一起的包括多个小直径导线的导体,有效地使反感应电流减到最小,这样允许电磁转换器在高速和高转矩条件下运转,且运转是高效率的。在一种加工实施例中,已经成功地采用了一种固定的电枢壳体;把铜线圈和铁粉棒合起来去传导磁通,并在线圈和铁粉棒之间用酚醛环氧树脂绝缘材料加固玻璃浇灌予以充满。
在本发明中,当用作为一台马达时,已经发现在恒定电流情况下,即使转子转速增加时转矩输出亦几乎维持恒定,如图19中直线a所示,这与先有技术的装置有很大不同。先有技术的装置当用固体棒作为导体及磁通传导部件时,在转速增加情况下,转矩迅速下降,如图19直线b所示。在本发明的转换器中,可将高转矩和高转速结合起来,则可产生高的功率密度。
如图6所示,电枢82(由分散排布的导体84和磁通传导部件86构成)相对于围绕内侧园筒形壁72定位的磁铁80有精密的微小间隙,且相对于园筒形壁73也有精密的微小间隙,而壁72和73分别为磁通提供了内侧和外侧的返回路径。一些典型的磁通路径已在图6中示出。正如图所示,这些磁通路径为环路,每一环路都贯穿电枢,主要是两次通过磁通传导部件86。于是磁通传导部件使厚的电枢能保持高磁通密度,此高磁通密度对高转矩是必不可少的。
正如图7所表明的,该电枢转换器也可以采用在外侧壁73上(而不是在内侧壁72上)设置磁铁80的结构。如图8中所示,该电磁转换器也可以采用在内侧和外侧二个壁72和73上设置磁铁80的结构。
如图9所示,还可以在磁铁80两侧设置电枢82。另外,尽管没有专门表示,但也能认识到电磁转换器可以如这些图中所表示的那样,亦可用径向地向内和/或向外设置电枢转子部件的附加层的结构。磁通传导部件也可以采用非矩形的部件来构成,例如一种I形的部件91(如图10所示),在其间亦充有分散导体84。
电枢也可以采用图12所示那种结构,使磁通传导部件93形成为在部分或全部分散排布的导体94上的一层高导磁率材料敷层(如铁)。如图13所示,导体94上也可以有一个绝缘层95,则使绝缘层95是在导体和磁通传导部件之间。在这两种情况下,绝缘层96将磁通传导部件复盖住(除非它自己是非导电体)。
当磁通传导部件成为分散排布导体的敷层时(如图12和13所示),就不需用磁通传导棒(如图4至10所示)。分散排布导体94与敷在其上的磁通传导部件一起,能用来作为单一的电枢部件(如图14所示),或可以与分散排布导体部分85交替,即分散排布导体上没有磁通传导部件的敷层(如图15所示)。
用作磁通传导部件86的铁粉(如图6所示)提供三维状的散射;而敷在分散排布导体上的磁通传导部件93(如图12和13所示)则提供两维状的散射(换句话说,当迭铁条棒(iron lamin-ation bars)用作磁通传导部件时,仅提供一维状的散射)。
于是,本发明的电磁转换器包括一个产生磁通的组件(至少有一对极,它可以用永久磁铁或电磁铁来实现);还包括一个电枢组件(它栏截由磁通产生组件产生的磁通,并且有一个导电线圈与磁通传导部件相交替结构,这种磁通传导部件可以称为电枢铁)。一个线圈可以用作电枢的主要部件;线圈由多束的分离的导体(在此称为分散排布导体)组成,且分散排布导体采用优质导线,当与分散状的磁通传导部件一起使用时,允许转子高速旋转。
在此以前已经提出了,使用多股平行延伸的、带绝缘的导体去降低大电流下的热损失(例如,见美国497001号专利),作为降低马达中的集肤效应损失的一种方法,这在马达技术中是人们所熟知的。然而,集肤效应仅在带负荷时才造成损失;而已知装置在高速下旋转时,所经受的涡流损失在不带负荷时就发生,这种差别是根据其作用的机理而存在的。
在大横断面导体或大横断面的磁通传导部件的情况下(正如至少在一些现有的已知的装置中被使用的),当磁场交变频率增加时,在棒中感应的电流值也增加,且感应电流和磁场起作用,产生一个反抗转矩,此反抗转矩反抗旋转速度的增加。于是,由于反抗转矩,就使已知的壳体型装置固有地被限制到低转速,而不能在高速下旋转,所以是不适用的,例如在大多数实际应用中不适用于作为拖动马达。
在用作马达时,当然还必须提供一种装置,去取代在高转速下相应于电枢的磁场(即让其旋转),以达到用与已知的马达所使用的类似的方法把电功率转换成机械功率的目的。正如图2中所示,这可以由在电枢82的接线柱89和电流发生器及控制器单元98之间的连接引线97实现,以使单元98向导体84提供电流,使转子70转动,随着转子70转动使轮轴51转动,而带动负载99。
当用作交流发电机或发电机时,拖动装置99使轮轴51转动,而轮轴51使转子70转动,从而在导体84上感应出电压,产生一个从导体84流向负荷98的电流。虽然在图1至15中没有专门示出,但也可理解,电流发生器和控制单元(或另外的电枢)要包括必要的电气换向装置,其中包括用电子学方法完成换向的那些装置(例如在无电刷的直流马达中)以及用整流器代替换向的那些装置(如在发出功率时经常采用)。
图16示出本发明的电磁转换器的一个实施例。在此实施例中,电枢82通过装配园盘101与轮轴51相连,且内侧和外侧园筒形壁72和73被固定到外壳43上。于是,在此实施例中电枢成为转子。电功率借助于碳刷/滑环102与电枢连系(对于直流电机采用碳刷,对于交流电机尚采用滑环)。图16所示的实施例对某些应用是较好的,尤其对直流换向的电机。
本发明的转换器由于用最小量的铁经受磁通的交变,所以较常规马达具有明显的优点。这就是说,当经过每个极时,只有电枢中的磁通传导部件中的铁承受磁通的交变,因此,经受低的磁滞损失。另外,由于降低了漏磁通的作用,则使全部电枢线圈都经受总的磁通变化,而这在产生转矩时是同样有用的。
本发明的设备还具有充分热传导的优点。因为这个缘故,进一步提高了优越的高的功率重量比。可以作成一个薄的电枢,方法是除了磁通传导部件所需的容积外,电枢整个由带绝缘的导体制成;因此,就有可能对电枢的内侧和外侧两个表面进行冷却。
根据热传导原理,在表面温度恒定和每单位容积内部发热均匀的情况下,在电枢中积累的热量取决于电枢的厚度的平方。例如,把一个厚度为0.25英寸的电枢(如果在本发明是可能的)与一直径为5英寸的实体转子(在已知设备中是普通的)相比,在这个已知的设备中积累的热量大约是具有这样一个电枢的本发明的转换器的400倍。显然,本发明的电磁转换器比任何熟知的相同额定功率的常规转换器可以散逸更多热量。
本发明可以用基本设计的若干拓扑变换制造电磁转换器。除转动的园筒壳体结构外,通过改变磁铁和线圈的方位,可以使马达作直线运动,其他的变换(未示出)包括扁平的和锥形的结构。
图17示出本发明的电磁转换器的一种直线往复式运动器件,其中磁通产生部分相对于一园筒形结构中的电枢作直线运动。为了达到此目的,电枢105具有分散排布导体106和围绕轮轴51径向缠绕的磁通传导部件107(而不是如图1中所示实施例那样平行延伸),而转子109上有磁铁110,它围绕着内侧园筒壁72园周形地延伸(而不是如图1中所示实施例那样平行于轮轴51延伸)。
图18示出本发明的电磁转换器的另一种直线往复式运动器件,在该器件中结构是扁平式的。如图所示,磁铁113装在扁平的下部返回板114上。以上文中对有关的另一个实施例所说明的同样的方法,在电枢115上设置有分散排布导体116和磁通传导部件117。只是电枢实质上是扁平的而不是园筒形的。还设置了一块上部返回板118,且电枢115借助装在上部板118的边缘上的滚轮120和装在滚轮装配箱122中的滚轮121(由下部板114支承),相对于下部和上部板114及118且在它们之间能作直线运动。
根据本发明的原则及计算机计算,所构成的转换器样机的基本结构和几何尺寸如下(基于采用24块磁铁,直径为0.008英寸的导体以及144个磁通传导部件,如下文更完整的说明):
功率(在10000转/分) 40马力
电压 72伏特(直流)
电流 425安培(直流)
直径 6.5英寸
电枢总厚度 0.28英寸
长度 3.5英寸
重量 15.0磅
效率(在10000转/分下计算) 97.6%
准确地说,以上所陈述的马达计算结果是基于对以下的马达计算:
几何参数
L1=.125 L2=.02 L3=.25
L4=.02 L5=.3 L6=.125
L9=2 R1=2.488 M1=.684
M2=.513 M3=.171 M5=.109
M6=.054 XI=.5 M4=.75
材料特性
R9=.075 U9=.0000004 DE=.054
RO=1.7241 BR=1150 UR=1.05
HD=5000 MD=.3 WD=.323
KM=.000001 NI=2
线圈变量
DW=8.000001E-03 PE=.42 VO=72
IM=425 NP=3 NM=24 NS=2
NL=2 SR=1 YD=2 NT=1 MI=2
磁场
BA=8000 BM=10053 HM=1378
BS=16000 B-内侧 RP=15181
B-外侧 RP=17136 B-在425安培处返回=754
在HD处最大电流=2042 P(1)=7.3
P(2)=1.2 P(3)=.3 P(4)=3.7
组成部分的重量
铜=.72 环氧树脂=.30 磁铁=2.22
定子铁=1.11 返回路径=2.32 外壳=5.87
轮轴=2.46 总重量=15.0
电气参数
电阻=0.0027 每相R=.004
不带负荷的转速=11164.7转/分
在停机时(36154安培)英尺-磅(Ft-1b)=1644
导线/导体=56 有效长度=48
定子体积(Stat.vo1)=7.8
导体尺寸是0.054×0.125
其中:
长度单位是英寸
磁场以高斯B,奥斯特H为单位
损耗以瓦特为单位
力与重量相同以磅为单位
P()=高斯-英寸/奥斯特(Gauss-in/Oersted),磁通路径的磁导率
R=电阻,欧姆
且其中:
参数 定义
L1 内部返回路径72的厚度
L2 内部气隙
L3 电枢82厚度
L4 外部气隙
L5 磁铁80厚度
L6 外部返回路径73的厚度
L9 磁铁80长度
MI 选择方案,1用于磁铁内侧,2用于外侧,3用于两侧
M1 磁铁间距
M2 磁铁宽度
M3 间距线处磁铁间的气隙
M4 作为M3的百分数的M2
M5 电枢铁间距
M6 电枢铁宽度
XI 铁的百分率
NS 每相和每极铁片86
NT 每个铁片86导体84的数
NL 线圈层的数
NC 每相导体84的总数
SR 每相串联的导体的数
NP 各相的数
YD 选择方案,1用于Y接法和方案2用于△接法
NW 每个导体导线的数
NM 磁铁80的数
PF 导线填充系数
DW 导线直径
WD 导线材料的密度
DE 环氧树脂封装的材料的密度
VO 施加的电压
IM 最大电流
NR是无负载时的转速
RI 电枢平均半径
RO 导线电阻率,微欧-厘米
KM 磁滞损失常数(constants)
R9 气体/流体密度,磅(质量)/立方英尺(1bm/cubic foot)
U9 粘度,磅(力)-秒/平方英尺(1bf-sec/square foot)
MG 磁铁选择方案,1用于陶瓷,2用于钕硼铁氧体
HC 伪(pseudo)矫顽力=BR/UR
BR 剩磁密度
MD 磁性材料的密度
UR 反冲(recoil)磁导率
HD 在拐点处的矫顽力
为检验马达力矩,在一个与图18所示类似的直线形结构中进行实测,测量其电磁力,建立转动结构的计算机模拟试验。125安培电流产生了50磅的力。
所测得的磁场(用8型陶瓷磁铁)是3500高斯。导体的有效长度跨过四个极中的三个,它由二十根铜棒组成,每一根横截面为0.15×0.3125英寸,3×20=60根,其中每一根具有三英寸有效长度。于是总的有效长度为3×60=180英寸。应用这些数据,可计算得力为45磅。将所测得的50磅力与计算得到的45磅力比较,估量试验精度(例如,各处的磁场不是绝对均匀的,且没考虑磁场边缘效应)。
根据本发明的原理和叙述所构成的转换器之被测得的涡流、磁滞和风阻损失均示出在图20的曲线中。在初次试验中,这种马达在7800转/分时传递16马力。
从上述可以判断,使用一种冷却的气体介质(用空气作为冷却介质),本发明的电磁转换器能达到的输出功率对重量之比就大于每磅1马力;并可以认定,至少用某些冷却介质时,会大于每磅5马力(如上文所述的对马达样机计算为五比一的比率)。由上述应进一步理解到,本发明提供了一种改进的电磁转换器:它的重量轻、结构紧凑、效率高并能传递大功率。
Claims (16)
1、一个轻型大功率电磁转换器,它包括:
磁通产生装置;
在由上述磁通产生装置产生的磁通的路径中的电枢装置,该电枢装置包括互相隔开的分散排布导体的部件和定位于该分散排布导体的部件之间的磁通传导装置;
驱动赋能装置,它用于使上述的一种磁通产生装置运动和使上述电枢装置相对于上述的另一种磁通产生装置运动,且该电枢装置所具有的在其间的相对运动包括以足够高的速率的运动,从而在上述转换器采用一种冷却空气介质时,使上述转换器的输出功率大于该转换器每1磅重1马力的数值。
2、权利要求1的转换器,其中上述分散排布的导体和上述磁通传导装置构成可使之产生低的反感应电流和低的涡流,以使上述转换器能以高效率运转。
3、权利要求1或2的转换器,其中上述驱动赋能装置能实现上述的以一足够高的速率运动,从而使上述转换器的输出功率至少为该转换器每1磅5马力那么大。
4、前述的权利要求任何一个中的转换器,其中上述磁通产生装置是由钕硼铁氧体、钡铁氧体陶瓷和钐钴中的一种制成的。
5、前述的权利要求任何一个中的转换器,其中上述磁通传导装置是定位在上述线圈匝间的分散状的磁通传导部件。
6、前述的权利要求的任何一个中的转换器,其中上述磁通产生装置和上述电枢装置是园筒形的,且上述磁通产生装置和上述电枢装置彼此相对转动,以提供上述转换器的上述功率输出。
7、前述的权利要求的任何一个中的转换器,其中上述磁通产生装置和上述电枢装置是园筒形的,且上述磁通产生装置和上述电枢装置彼此相对作直线往复运动,以提供上述转换器的上述功率输出。
8、前述的权利要求的任何一个中的转换器,其中上述磁通产生装置和上述电枢装置具有实质上扁平的邻近表面,且上述磁通产生装置和上述电枢装置作那样的运动,即上述扁平的邻近表面彼此相对作直线运动,以提供上述转换器的上述功率输出。
9、上述的权利要求的任一个中的转换器,进一步包括转子装置;其中上述磁通产生装置安装在上述转子装置上,以按照根据上述转子装置的转动预定的旋转路径运动,且上述电枢装置为一种薄壳体的形状。
10、权利要求9的转换器,其中上述转换器作为一台马达运转,且上述驱动赋能装置包括能将电流供给上述分散排布的导体的装置,以使上述转子装置能以一足够高的速率转动;这样,当上述马达采用一种冷却气体介质运转时,上述马达输出功率大于该马达的每1磅1马力的数值。
11、权利要求9的转换器,其中上述转换器作一台发电机装置运转,且上述驱动赋能装置包括用于使上述转子装置以上述速率转动,足以使上述转换器在上述高功率密度下运转。
12、权利要求9的转换器进一步包括外壳装置;有一段在上述外壳装置中的轮轴装置;用以将上述转子装置装到上述轮轴装置上的装配装置;上述转子装置包括相对于上述轮轴装置同轴定位的园筒形装置,这样就迫使上述园筒装置和上述轮轴装置共同转动;上述分散排布导体是做成一薄环状的线圈;上述磁通传导装置由多个至少两维的部件构成,这些不同的部件定位于上述分散排布导体构成的不同线匝之间。
13、权利要求12的转换器,其中上述转子装置包括第二个园筒形装置,且上述园筒形装置和该第二园筒形装置提供了磁通返回路径。
14、前述的权利要求的任一个中的转换器,其中上述多个磁通传导装置包含有被压制的铁粉。
15、前述的权利要求的任一个中的转换器,其中上述分散排布导体的上述互相间隔的部件是导线,且上述磁通传导装置是在上述导线上的高导磁率材料的敷层。
16、前述的权利要求的任一个中的转换器,其中,上述导线上具有绝缘材料,且上述高导磁率材料敷层位于上述导线的绝缘敷层上边。
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US81230685A | 1985-12-23 | 1985-12-23 | |
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- 1986-12-19 NZ NZ218718A patent/NZ218718A/xx unknown
- 1986-12-22 ES ES86117875T patent/ES2029448T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-22 NO NO865229A patent/NO865229L/no unknown
- 1986-12-22 RU SU864028757A patent/RU2083051C1/ru active
- 1986-12-22 AT AT86117875T patent/ATE71242T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-22 DE DE8686117875T patent/DE3683278D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-22 KR KR1019860011244A patent/KR950010879B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-22 DK DK198606229A patent/DK173855B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-22 EP EP86117875A patent/EP0230639B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-22 YU YU02204/86A patent/YU220486A/xx unknown
- 1986-12-22 HU HU865385A patent/HUT43442A/hu unknown
- 1986-12-22 CA CA000525993A patent/CA1312646C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-22 FI FI865263A patent/FI102864B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-23 DD DD86298294A patent/DD252933A5/de unknown
- 1986-12-23 IE IE339886A patent/IE71653B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-23 IN IN1133/DEL/86A patent/IN167623B/en unknown
- 1986-12-23 PL PL1986263215A patent/PL263215A1/xx unknown
- 1986-12-23 BR BR8606392A patent/BR8606392A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-23 AU AU66908/86A patent/AU609707B2/en not_active Expired
- 1986-12-23 IL IL81087A patent/IL81087A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-23 CN CN86108648A patent/CN1044541C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-23 JP JP61305615A patent/JP2831348B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1987
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1990
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1992
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1996
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CN103378705A (zh) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-10-30 | 刘羿辰 | 可按性能匹配调整的电磁致动转换器 |
CN103378705B (zh) * | 2012-04-25 | 2016-09-28 | 刘羿辰 | 可按性能匹配调整的电磁致动转换器 |
CN107431416A (zh) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-12-01 | M-链接株式会社 | 包括具备圆筒线圈的定子的无铁心旋转电力设备及其冷却方法 |
CN107431416B (zh) * | 2016-03-03 | 2018-11-09 | M-链接株式会社 | 包括具备圆筒线圈的定子的无铁心旋转电力设备及其冷却方法 |
WO2018010699A1 (zh) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-18 | 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 | 一种电机以及电动工具 |
CN110548607A (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-12-10 | 贾力 | 节能环保有机垃圾处理机 |
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