CN209231337U - An experimental device for observing water-air-heat migration in a dry soil column - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the research field of water movement in the vadose zone, in particular to an experimental device for observing the movement of water, gas and heat in a dry soil column. It includes a heat preservation barrel with an open upper end and a closed lower end, and the soil column is placed in the heat preservation barrel; a first observation hole and a second observation hole are opened on the side wall of the heat preservation barrel; the first observation hole is used for inserting soil A temperature and humidity sensor, the second observation hole is used to insert a soil pressure sensor; a heat conduction plate is arranged in the heat preservation bucket, and the heat conduction plate is arranged on the upper end of the soil column, and the heat conduction plate passes through the circulation pipe and the temperature change box communication; a heat flux sensor is arranged between the soil column and the heat conduction plate, and the heat flux sensor is suitable for detecting the heat transferred from the upper end of the soil column to the outside. The purpose of the utility model is to provide a dry soil column water vapor heat migration observation experimental device to solve the problems of the existing experimental device with few functions and low accuracy.

Description

An experimental device for observing water-air-heat migration in a dry soil column

technical field

The utility model relates to the research field of moisture movement in the vadose zone, in particular to an experimental device for observing the movement of water, gas and heat in a dry soil column.

Background technique

The vadose zone is the link between atmospheric precipitation, surface water and groundwater, and exchanges water and energy. It is a complex medium system in which soil particles, air, and water coexist in three phases. It has the ability to absorb, store, and transfer water. Therefore, the study of water movement in the vadose zone has always been a hot spot in hydrology research. Since the movement of water in the vadose zone is affected by various driving forces such as medium properties and energy, it is a very complex physical and chemical interaction process. There are different theoretical methods for studying the water movement in the vadose zone from the perspectives of rock and soil properties, water form, atmospheric pressure, soil temperature gradient, and energy conduction. Since the beginning of the last century, Darcy's law was introduced into soil unsaturated flow and became the theoretical basis for the study of soil moisture movement. Then capillary potential theory, soil-water potential theory, wetting front infiltration theory, two-phase flow theory, etc. appeared and developed vigorously. At the same time, observation technologies such as soil moisture and soil temperature have also developed rapidly. Not only the observation accuracy has been greatly improved, the products have been diversified, and the adaptability to extreme environments has also been improved. Wireless transmission has been realized, and now it is developing in the direction of intelligence. These techniques provide technical support for the study of soil moisture movement.

The methods for studying water heat transfer in the vadose zone mainly include model method and experimental observation method. The experimental observation methods mainly include soil column moisture observation test and soil hydrothermal parameter measurement experiment. The soil column moisture observation test is mainly used in the laboratory to fill soil samples in plexiglass tubes according to the soil density in the field, and install corresponding observation probes layer by layer to control the upper and lower boundary conditions of the soil column to observe the moisture movement of the soil column. Soil column experiment is a commonly used method to study soil moisture and solute transport mechanism. At present, many scientific research institutes of universities in China have such an experimental platform. The existing experimental platform focuses on the migration of soil liquid water, so the experimental platform cannot realize the observation of the state of relevant elements in dry soil, nor can it realize the understanding of the migration law of soil gaseous water.

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a dry soil column water vapor heat migration observation experimental device to solve the problems of the existing experimental device with few functions and low accuracy.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved by the following technical solutions:

An experimental device for observing water-gas-heat migration in a dry soil column, characterized in that: it comprises a thermal insulation bucket with an open upper end and a closed lower end, and the thermal insulation bucket contains a soil column;

A first observation hole and a second observation hole are provided on the side wall of the heat preservation barrel; the first observation hole is used for inserting a soil temperature and humidity sensor, and the second observation hole is used for inserting a soil air pressure sensor;

A heat conduction plate is arranged in the heat preservation barrel, and the heat conduction plate is arranged on the upper end of the soil column, and the heat conduction plate communicates with the variable temperature box through a circulation pipe; the heat conduction plate, the circulation pipe, and the temperature change box are filled with variable temperature fluid, the variable temperature box is suitable for changing the temperature of the variable temperature fluid;

A heat flux sensor is arranged between the soil column and the heat conduction plate, and the heat flux sensor is suitable for detecting the heat transferred from the upper end of the soil column to the outside.

Further, there are more than two first observation holes, and more than two first observation holes are evenly arranged along the height direction of the heat preservation barrel; there are more than two second observation holes, and more than two first observation holes are Two observation holes are evenly arranged along the height direction of the heat preservation bucket.

Further, an air pressure pump is also included, and the air pressure pump communicates with the bottom end of the heat preservation bucket through an air intake pipe.

Further, it also includes a Marsh bottle, which communicates with the bottom end of the thermos tank through a water inlet pipe; a valve is provided on the water inlet pipe.

Further, a weighing device is also included, and the insulation barrel, the air pump, and the Martens flask are all arranged on the weighing device.

Further, the insulation barrel is made of plexiglass material.

Further, a weather control module is arranged above the heat preservation barrel.

Further, the weather control module is a radiation lamp.

Further, the weather control module is a fan.

Further, the weather control module is an artificial rainfall device.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:

1. The dry soil column water-gas-heat migration observation experiment device described in the utility model, it comprises the heat preservation tank that the upper end is open and the lower end is closed, and the soil column is contained in the described heat preservation tank; The side wall of the described heat preservation tank has a first An observation hole and a second observation hole; the first observation hole is used for inserting a soil temperature and humidity sensor, and the second observation hole is used for inserting a soil air pressure sensor; The plate is arranged on the upper end of the soil column, and the heat conduction plate communicates with the variable temperature box through the circulation pipe; The temperature of the liquid; a heat flux sensor is arranged between the soil column and the heat conduction plate, and the heat flux sensor is suitable for detecting the heat transferred from the upper end of the soil column to the outside; the utility model utilizes the soil temperature The humidity sensor monitors the temperature and humidity of the soil column in real time, uses the soil air pressure sensor to monitor the air pressure of the soil column in real time, uses the variable temperature box to adjust the temperature of the variable temperature liquid, and transports it to the heat conduction plate, and passes through the After exchanging heat with the heat conduction plate, the temperature at the upper end of the soil column is adjusted, and then the temperature gradient of the soil column is adjusted; the utility model can adjust the temperature of the soil column, and control the temperature change to observe the dry soil moisture at different temperatures , temperature and other factors can be used to study the transfer process of dry soil liquid water, gaseous water and energy under different soil temperature gradients.

2. The air pressure pump in the utility model communicates with the bottom end of the heat preservation barrel through the air intake pipe; the utility model uses the air pressure pump to change the soil pore pressure at the bottom of the soil column, and forms the soil air pressure at the upper end of the soil column. Pressure difference. Under natural conditions, the upper part of the soil column is connected to the atmosphere. It can study the influence of air pressure difference on the transmission of water vapor and heat in dry soil; it can measure soil column moisture, temperature, pressure, relative humidity, etc. under different pressure gradients. State variables.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the dry soil column water vapor heat migration observation experimental device described in the utility model;

In the figure: 1-Martens bottle, 2-valve, 3-water inlet pipe, 4-insulation barrel, 5-intake pipe, 6-pneumatic pump, 7-circulation pipe, 8-variable temperature box, 9-weigher, 10 - weather control module, 11 - heat conduction plate, 12 - heat flux sensor, 13 - soil column, 14 - second observation hole, 15 - first observation hole.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. example. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" The orientation or positional relationship indicated by etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, use a specific The azimuth structure and operation, therefore can not be construed as the limitation of the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Referring to Fig. 1, a dry soil column water vapor heat transfer observation experiment device is characterized in that: comprise the heat preservation tank 4 that upper end is opened and the lower end is closed, and soil column 13 is contained in the described heat preservation tank; A first observation hole 15 and a second observation hole 14 are provided; the first observation hole is used for inserting a soil temperature and humidity sensor, and the second observation hole is used for inserting a soil air pressure sensor; The heat conduction plate 11, the heat conduction plate is arranged on the upper end of the soil column, and the heat conduction plate communicates with the temperature change box 8 through the circulation pipe 7; The variable temperature box is suitable for changing the temperature of the variable temperature liquid; a heat flux sensor 12 is arranged between the soil column and the heat conduction plate, and the heat flux sensor is suitable for detecting the temperature of the upper end of the soil column transmitted to the outside. heat; the heat flux sensor is used to detect the heat transferred from the soil column to the outside in the natural state after the heat transfer of the heat conduction plate is completed; the utility model uses the soil temperature and humidity sensor to monitor the temperature of the soil column in real time Temperature and humidity, using the soil air pressure sensor to monitor the air pressure of the soil column in real time, using the variable temperature box to adjust the temperature of the variable temperature liquid, and transporting it to the heat conduction plate, after exchanging heat through the heat conduction plate, the The temperature at the upper end of the soil column is adjusted, thereby realizing the temperature gradient adjustment of the soil column; the utility model can adjust the temperature of the soil column, control the temperature change to observe the changes of dry soil moisture, temperature and other elements at different temperatures, and can study different The transmission process of dry soil liquid water, gaseous water and energy under the soil temperature gradient; the soil temperature and humidity sensor, the heat flux sensor and the soil air pressure sensor described in the utility model are existing equipment; the soil temperature and humidity sensor TDR5 soil temperature and humidity sensor can be selected, the soil air pressure sensor can be selected MIK-P300 pressure sensor, and the heat flux sensor can be selected ukseflux HFP01 heat flux sensor; the soil temperature and humidity sensor and the soil air pressure sensor can be used The wireless transmission technology realizes continuous observation, synchronous recording and storage, and can be controlled remotely, with a high degree of intelligence; at the same time, the utility model has reasonable structure, novel design and convenient operation.

Referring to Fig. 1, there are more than two first observation holes in the utility model, and more than two first observation holes are evenly arranged along the height direction of the heat preservation barrel; there are more than two second observation holes, two or more The above-mentioned second observation holes are evenly arranged along the height direction of the heat preservation barrel; the utility model can monitor the soil temperature, humidity and air pressure of the soil column at different height positions in real time, and improve the accuracy of the experiment.

Referring to Fig. 1, the utility model also comprises air pressure pump 6, and described air pressure pump is communicated with the bottom end of described insulation barrel through air intake pipe 5; The soil air pressure at the upper end of the soil column forms a pressure difference. Under natural conditions, the upper part of the soil column is connected to the atmosphere, and the influence of air pressure difference on the transmission of water vapor and heat in dry soil can be studied; soil columns under different pressure gradients can be measured State variables such as moisture, temperature, pressure, and relative humidity.

Referring to Fig. 1, the utility model also includes a Malpison bottle 1, which is communicated with the bottom end of the thermos tank through a water inlet pipe 3; the water inlet pipe is provided with a valve 2; the utility model utilizes the principle of a connector to control the change of the water level at the lower boundary of the soil column, and also change the temperature of the water in the Marlby bottle, adjust the temperature at the lower end of the soil column through the water temperature, and cooperate with the variable temperature box to adjust and control the temperature of the entire soil column Temperature gradient.

Referring to Fig. 1, the utility model also comprises weighing device 9, and described insulation barrel, described pneumatic pump, described Martens flask are all arranged on described weighing device; Through the variation of experimental device overall weight, calculate described The water vapor evaporation of the soil column improves the accuracy of the experiment.

Referring to Fig. 1, the heat preservation bucket described in the utility model is made of plexiglass material; the plexiglass material has the advantages of high transparency and high mechanical strength, which is convenient for directly observing the state of the soil column, and the outer wall of the heat preservation bucket is provided with insulating cotton. The temperature layer can protect the heat preservation bucket from the influence of the surrounding environment.

Referring to Fig. 1 , a meteorological control module 10 is arranged above the thermal insulation barrel of the utility model; the utility model can utilize the meteorological control module to control the meteorological conditions on the upper boundary of the soil column.

Referring to Fig. 1, the meteorological control module of the utility model is a radiation lamp; the radiation lamp is used to simulate the light radiation in the natural state to improve the accuracy of the experiment.

Referring to Fig. 1, the weather control module described in the utility model is a fan; the fan is used to simulate the wind in a natural state to improve the accuracy of the experiment.

Referring to Fig. 1, the meteorological control module described in the utility model is an artificial rainfall device; the artificial rainfall device is used to simulate the rainfall in a natural state to improve the accuracy of the experiment.

Apparently, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clear description, rather than limiting the implementation. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other changes or changes in different forms can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A dry soil column water-gas heat migration observation experimental device is characterized in that: it comprises a thermal insulation bucket with an open upper end and a closed lower end, and the soil column is placed in the thermal insulation bucket; A first observation hole and a second observation hole are provided on the side wall of the heat preservation barrel; the first observation hole is used for inserting a soil temperature and humidity sensor, and the second observation hole is used for inserting a soil air pressure sensor; A heat conduction plate is arranged in the heat preservation barrel, and the heat conduction plate is arranged on the upper end of the soil column, and the heat conduction plate communicates with the variable temperature box through a circulation pipe; the heat conduction plate, the circulation pipe, and the temperature change box are filled with variable temperature fluid, the variable temperature box is suitable for changing the temperature of the variable temperature fluid; A heat flux sensor is arranged between the soil column and the heat conduction plate, and the heat flux sensor is suitable for detecting the heat transferred from the upper end of the soil column to the outside. 2. The dry soil column water-air-heat migration observation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: there are more than two first observation holes, and more than two first observation holes are arranged along the thermal insulation bucket. The height direction is evenly arranged; there are more than two second observation holes, and more than two second observation holes are evenly arranged along the height direction of the heat preservation barrel. 3. The dry soil column water-air-heat migration observation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an air pump, and the air pump communicates with the bottom end of the heat preservation barrel through an air intake pipe. 4. dry soil column water-gas-heat migration observation experiment device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: also comprise Marlsonian bottle, and described Marlby bottle is communicated with the bottom end of described thermos by water inlet pipe; The water inlet pipe is provided with a valve. 5. dry soil column water-gas-heat migration observation experiment device according to claim 4, is characterized in that: also comprise weighing device, described insulation barrel, described pneumatic pump, described Martens flask are all arranged on the on the scale. 6. The experimental device for observing water-air-heat migration in a dry soil column according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat preservation barrel is made of plexiglass material. 7. The experimental device for observing water-air-heat migration in a dry soil column according to claim 1, characterized in that: a weather control module is arranged above the thermal insulation bucket. 8 . The experimental device for observation of water-air-heat migration in a dry soil column according to claim 7 , wherein the meteorological control module is a radiation lamp. 9. The experimental device for observing water-air-heat migration in a dry soil column according to claim 7, wherein the meteorological control module is a fan. 10. The dry soil column water-air-heat migration observation experimental device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the meteorological control module is an artificial rainfall device.