CN106525661B - Unsaturated soil vapour complex characteristic test device and its test method - Google Patents
Unsaturated soil vapour complex characteristic test device and its test method Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种非饱和土气态水迁移特性测试装置及测试方法。所述非饱和土气态水迁移特性测试装置包括试验模型系统和温湿度控制系统；所述试验模型系统包括试验腔，设置在试验腔内的多个用于盛放土体试样的容器，每个容器顶部设置有冷却装置，且每个容器由相应的真空绝热腔包绕；所述温湿度控制系统通过管道与所述容器的底部连通，用于调控土体试样的温度和湿度，所述容器内装有用于监测土体试样温度的温度传感器和监测土体试样含水率的水分传感器。本发明同时测量多组不同温度、相对湿度的气态水在一维温度梯度左右下运移规律的实验装置，从而为实现气态水补给边界的精确控制提供了理论基础。
The invention discloses a test device and a test method for the migration characteristics of gaseous water in unsaturated soil. The unsaturated soil gaseous water migration characteristic test device includes a test model system and a temperature and humidity control system; the test model system includes a test chamber, and a plurality of containers for holding soil samples are arranged in the test chamber, each The top of each container is provided with a cooling device, and each container is surrounded by a corresponding vacuum insulation chamber; the temperature and humidity control system communicates with the bottom of the container through a pipeline, and is used to regulate the temperature and humidity of the soil sample, so The container is equipped with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the soil sample and a moisture sensor for monitoring the moisture content of the soil sample. The invention is an experimental device for simultaneously measuring the migration law of multiple groups of gaseous water with different temperatures and relative humidity under a one-dimensional temperature gradient, thereby providing a theoretical basis for realizing the precise control of the gaseous water supply boundary.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种非饱和土气态水迁移特性测试装置及测试方法，属于土木（岩土）工程技术领域。The invention relates to a test device and a test method for the migration characteristics of gaseous water in unsaturated soil, belonging to the technical field of civil (rock and soil) engineering.
背景技术Background technique
路基病害一直是困扰我国道路、铁路、机场建设的一个重要问题。水气在温度梯度下的纵向迁移是造成冻胀、翻浆冒泥等灾害的主要原因。Roadbed disease has always been an important problem that plagues the construction of roads, railways, and airports in our country. The longitudinal migration of water vapor under the temperature gradient is the main cause of disasters such as frost heaving and mud turning.
目前的研究主要集中在液态水的迁移，而地下水还可能通过气态的形式运移。对于地下水位相对浅、毛细较强的土中，土中湿度以液态水补给为主；对于干旱或半干旱地区，蒸发量大，地下水位深，在整个非饱和土体内湿度以气态水迁移为主，工程中发现此类地区，覆盖层下方湿度大量集聚，甚至覆盖层下土体达到饱和。Teng等（2015）将此类现象定义为锅盖效应，并指出是由非饱和土体内气态水凝华成冰引起的。Current research mainly focuses on the migration of liquid water, while groundwater may also migrate in gaseous form. For the soil with relatively shallow groundwater level and strong capillary, the humidity in the soil is mainly supplied by liquid water; for arid or semi-arid areas, where the evaporation is large and the groundwater level is deep, the humidity in the entire unsaturated soil is mainly transported by gaseous water Mainly, it is found in the project that in such areas, a large amount of humidity is accumulated under the overburden layer, and even the soil under the overburden layer is saturated. Teng et al. (2015) defined this phenomenon as the pot lid effect, and pointed out that it was caused by the condensation of gaseous water into ice in unsaturated soil.
目前，国内外对于非饱和土体中水的运移规律的研究主要集中在液态水，而对于气态水迁移特性的研究，采用的方法是将土体填充于PVC管中，然后两两对接，对接处留出约1 cm的空间，在其中放置纱网，从而实现阻隔液态水、研究气态水的目的。而该方法并不能准确控制气态水的温度以及浓度，导致对就非饱和土湿度运动的研究不够准确广泛，工程上对湿度迁移造成的灾害未能进行有针对性的防治。At present, domestic and foreign studies on the migration of water in unsaturated soils are mainly focused on liquid water, while for the research on the migration characteristics of gaseous water, the method used is to fill the soil in PVC pipes, and then connect them in pairs. A space of about 1 cm was left at the joint, and gauze was placed in it, so as to achieve the purpose of blocking liquid water and studying gaseous water. However, this method cannot accurately control the temperature and concentration of gaseous water, resulting in inaccurate and extensive research on the moisture movement of unsaturated soils, and the failure of targeted prevention and control of disasters caused by moisture migration in engineering.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在提供一种非饱和土气态水迁移特性测试装置及测试方法，该测试装置可以同时测量多组不同温度、相对湿度的气态水在一维温度梯度左右下运移规律的实验装置，从而为实现气态水补给边界的精确控制提供理论基础。The present invention aims to provide a test device and test method for the migration characteristics of gaseous water in unsaturated soil. The test device can simultaneously measure the migration law of multiple groups of gaseous water with different temperatures and relative humidity under a one-dimensional temperature gradient. So as to provide a theoretical basis for the precise control of the gaseous water recharge boundary.
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
一种非饱和土气态水迁移特性测试装置，其结构特点是，包括试验模型系统和温湿度控制系统；所述试验模型系统包括试验腔，设置在试验腔内的多个用于盛放土体试样的容器，每个容器顶部设置有冷却装置，且每个容器由相应的真空绝热腔包绕；所述温湿度控制系统通过管道与所述容器的底部连通，用于调控土体试样的温度和湿度，所述容器内装有用于监测土体试样温度的温度传感器和监测土体试样含水率的水分传感器。A device for testing the migration characteristics of gaseous water in unsaturated soil, its structural feature is that it includes a test model system and a temperature and humidity control system; The container of the sample, each container is provided with a cooling device on the top, and each container is surrounded by a corresponding vacuum insulation chamber; the temperature and humidity control system communicates with the bottom of the container through a pipeline, and is used to control the soil sample The container is equipped with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the soil sample and a moisture sensor for monitoring the moisture content of the soil sample.
根据本发明的实施例，还可以对本发明作进一步的优化，以下为优化后形成的技术方案：According to the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention can also be further optimized, and the following is the technical scheme formed after optimization:
进一步地，本发明还包括负温控制箱，所述冷却装置为封装在容器顶部的制冷盘，该制冷盘通过管道与负温控制箱连通；优选所述容器内的土体试样顶部与制冷盘之间设有循环腔或所述制冷盘通过冷却管道与装有冷冻液的负温控制箱连通。所述循环腔内设有紊流扰动片。优选制冷盘为制冷铝盘。Further, the present invention also includes a negative temperature control box, and the cooling device is a refrigeration plate packaged on the top of the container, and the refrigeration plate communicates with the negative temperature control box through a pipeline; preferably, the top of the soil sample in the container is connected to the refrigeration A circulation cavity is provided between the plates, or the refrigerating plate communicates with a negative temperature control box filled with refrigerated liquid through a cooling pipeline. A turbulent flow disturbance plate is arranged in the circulation cavity. Preferably the refrigeration pan is a refrigeration aluminum pan.
根据本发明的实施例，所述温湿度控制系统包括温度控制部分和湿度控制部分，其中温度控制部分包括加热器和制冷器，所述湿度控制部分包括超声波除湿器和加湿器，所述温度控制部分和湿度控制部分通过管道与所述容器连通。由此，根据温度传感器监测的温度从而决定是启动加热器还是启动制冷器，根据水分传感器监测的含水率从而决定是启动除湿机还是加湿器。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the temperature and humidity control system includes a temperature control part and a humidity control part, wherein the temperature control part includes a heater and a refrigerator, the humidity control part includes an ultrasonic dehumidifier and a humidifier, and the temperature control part The section and the humidity control section are in communication with the container through tubing. Thus, it is determined whether to start the heater or the refrigerator according to the temperature monitored by the temperature sensor, and whether to start the dehumidifier or the humidifier according to the moisture content monitored by the moisture sensor.
优选地，所述试验模型系统包括框架，该框架内设有包裹所述真空室的绝热层；优选为聚苯乙烯绝热层。Preferably, the test model system includes a frame within which is provided an insulating layer surrounding the vacuum chamber; preferably a polystyrene insulating layer.
所述温湿度控制系统包括用于设置所述温度控制部分和湿度控制部分的封闭室，该封闭室外包裹有保温层。The temperature and humidity control system includes a closed room for setting the temperature control part and the humidity control part, and the closed room is wrapped with a thermal insulation layer.
为了控制气体流动，从而使温度和湿度更加均匀，所述循环腔内设有紊流扰动片。In order to control the flow of gas so as to make the temperature and humidity more uniform, a turbulent flow disturbance plate is provided in the circulation cavity.
为了方便实时了解通入容器内的气体的温度和湿度情况，所述温湿度控制系统与容器的底部之间的连通管道内设有温湿度传感器。In order to facilitate real-time understanding of the temperature and humidity of the gas passing into the container, a temperature and humidity sensor is installed in the communication pipe between the temperature and humidity control system and the bottom of the container.
所述容器底部设有针状突起，在针状突起与土体试样之间通过格栅隔开。The bottom of the container is provided with needle-shaped protrusions, and the needle-shaped protrusions and the soil sample are separated by a grid.
为了抵消温度沿土体试样径向发生变化的范围，并削弱由于容器材料与土体试样不同导致纵向传热速率有差异带来的影响，所述容器包括两个同心圆筒，其中内筒放置待测土体试样，用于分析土体试样含水率和温度的变化，外筒与内筒之间盛放的同种土体试样。In order to offset the range of temperature changes along the radial direction of the soil sample and weaken the influence of the difference in longitudinal heat transfer rate due to the difference between the material of the container and the soil sample, the container consists of two concentric cylinders, in which A soil sample to be tested is placed in the cylinder for analyzing changes in moisture content and temperature of the soil sample, and the same soil sample is placed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder.
基于同一个发明构思，本发明还提供了一种利用所述的非饱和土气态水迁移特性测试装置对非饱和土气态水迁移特性进行测试的方法，其包括如下步骤：Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for testing the migration characteristics of unsaturated soil gaseous water by using the unsaturated soil gaseous water migration characteristic test device, which includes the following steps:
S1、将干燥后的待测土体分批装入容器内，按压实度分多层压实成形，得到土体试样；S1. Pack the dried soil to be tested in batches into containers, and compact them in multiple layers according to the degree of compaction to obtain soil samples;
S2、将水分传感器和温度传感器插入土体试样中，并将容器置于试验模型系统内，并在容器顶部装制冷装置，密封土体试样的上边界；S2. Insert the moisture sensor and temperature sensor into the soil sample, place the container in the test model system, and install a refrigeration device on the top of the container to seal the upper boundary of the soil sample;
S3、通过电脑端设置制冷盘的温度为0℃，水汽温度为T'摄氏度，水汽中的含水率为θ'；启动系统，温湿度传感器记录试验模型系统内气体的温度T和含水率θ；S3. Set the temperature of the cooling plate to 0°C through the computer terminal, the water vapor temperature to T' degrees Celsius, and the moisture content in the water vapor to θ'; start the system, and the temperature and humidity sensor records the temperature T and moisture content θ of the gas in the test model system;
S4、当温度传感器监测气体的温度T＞T'时，温湿度控制系统对土体试样降温，当T＜T'时，温湿度控制系统对土体试样升温，直到T=T'；当水分传感器监测气体的含水率θ＞θ'时，温湿度控制系统对土体试样进行除湿，当θ＜θ'时，温湿度控制系统对土体试样进行加湿，直到θ=θ'；S4. When the temperature of the gas monitored by the temperature sensor is T>T', the temperature and humidity control system cools down the soil sample, and when T<T', the temperature and humidity control system heats up the soil sample until T=T'; When the moisture sensor monitors the moisture content of the gas θ>θ', the temperature and humidity control system dehumidifies the soil sample, and when θ<θ', the temperature and humidity control system humidifies the soil sample until θ=θ' ;
S5、一个工作周期结束后，取土体试样测得各层的含水率，得到土体试样的温度分布曲线以及含水率分布曲线。S5. After one working cycle is over, take a soil sample to measure the moisture content of each layer, and obtain a temperature distribution curve and a moisture content distribution curve of the soil sample.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1、本发明的气态水前移特性测试装置准确地控制了下边界补给气体的温度和湿度。1. The gaseous water advance characteristic testing device of the present invention accurately controls the temperature and humidity of the lower boundary supply gas.
2、本发明在上边界模拟了自然条件下地表土壤在不同温湿度空气作用下发生对流传热的过程，不同于传统上的两固相之间热传导模拟，本发明还可考虑地表蒸发情况，在模拟传热速率方面更准确。2. The present invention simulates the convective heat transfer process of the surface soil under natural conditions under the action of different temperature and humidity air at the upper boundary, which is different from the traditional simulation of heat conduction between two solid phases. The present invention can also consider the surface evaporation, More accurate in simulating heat transfer rates.
3、本发明的试样箱内包含两个同心试样筒，内部试样筒放置研究的土体试样，用于分析土体试样含水率温度变化；外部试样筒盛放的同种土体试样，这样可以解决两个难题：其一抵消了温度沿土体试样径向发生变化的范围，其二削弱了试样筒由于材料与土体试样不同，纵向传热速率有差异带来的影响。3. The sample box of the present invention contains two concentric sample cylinders, and the soil samples of the research are placed in the internal sample cylinders for analyzing the temperature change of the moisture content of the soil samples; Soil samples, which can solve two problems: one is to offset the range of temperature changes along the radial direction of the soil sample, and the other is to weaken the sample cylinder. Because the material is different from the soil sample, the longitudinal heat transfer rate is limited. impact of differences.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明所述试验模型系统的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of test model system of the present invention;
图2是图1的俯视图；Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;
图3是本发明所述温湿度控制系统的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the temperature and humidity control system of the present invention;
图4是本发明温度控制流程图；Fig. 4 is a temperature control flowchart of the present invention;
图5是本发明湿度控制流程图。Fig. 5 is a flow chart of humidity control in the present invention.
在图中In the picture
1-试验箱；2-土体试样；3-软管；4-绝热层；5-框架；6-针状突起；7-循环腔；8-软管；9-温度传感器；10-温湿度传感器；11-水分传感器；12-温湿度计；13-绝热罩。1-Test box; 2-Soil sample; 3-Hose; 4-Insulation layer; 5-Frame; 6-Needle-like protrusion; 7-Circulation cavity; 8-Hose; Humidity sensor; 11-moisture sensor; 12-thermo-hygrometer; 13-insulation cover.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。为叙述方便，下文中如出现“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”字样，仅表示与附图本身的上、下、左、右方向一致，并不对结构起限定作用。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. For the convenience of description, if the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" appear in the following, it only means that the directions of up, down, left and right are consistent with the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.
一种非饱和土气态水迁移特性测试装置，如图1-2所示，包括试验模型系统，温湿度控制系统和负温控制箱。A test device for the migration characteristics of unsaturated soil gaseous water, as shown in Figure 1-2, includes a test model system, a temperature and humidity control system and a negative temperature control box.
如图1和2所示，试验模型系统内侧为作为容器的圆柱形有机玻璃筒，内部盛放土体试样，外侧为环形真空室，有机玻璃筒分别开有温度传感器和湿度传感器的通孔。土体试样室上端为铝盘，铝盘联通负温控制箱。有机玻璃筒的底部通过管道连通温湿度控制系统，该管道内设置温湿度传感器，有机玻璃筒的底部设有针状突起，用于扰动气体的流动。空腔进气口与出气口水平面上互相垂直。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the inside of the test model system is a cylindrical plexiglass cylinder as a container, which contains soil samples, and the outside is an annular vacuum chamber. The plexiglass cylinder is respectively opened with through holes for temperature sensors and humidity sensors. . The upper end of the soil sample chamber is an aluminum plate, and the aluminum plate is connected to a negative temperature control box. The bottom of the plexiglass cylinder is connected to the temperature and humidity control system through a pipeline, and a temperature and humidity sensor is installed in the pipeline, and the bottom of the plexiglass cylinder is provided with needle-like protrusions for disturbing the flow of gas. The cavity air inlet and the air outlet are perpendicular to each other on the horizontal plane.
温湿度控制系统包括一个有机玻璃制成的封闭室，封闭室内设有湿度控制部分和湿度控制部分，封闭室外部由保温绝热层包裹。有机玻璃封闭室的三个互相垂直的内壁中间分别安放小型风扇。温度控制部分包含电阻丝加热器，制冷器。湿度控制部分包括除湿机和超声加湿器，湿度控制部分由橡胶软管连接至温度控制室。温湿度的控制通过计算机编程实现，自动调节使得气态水循环系统内的温度、相对湿度为设定值。The temperature and humidity control system includes a closed room made of plexiglass, a humidity control part and a humidity control part are arranged in the closed room, and the outside of the closed room is wrapped by a thermal insulation layer. A small fan is respectively placed in the middle of the three mutually perpendicular inner walls of the plexiglass closed chamber. The temperature control part includes a resistance wire heater and a refrigerator. The humidity control part includes a dehumidifier and an ultrasonic humidifier, and the humidity control part is connected to the temperature control chamber by a rubber hose. The temperature and humidity control is realized by computer programming, and the automatic adjustment makes the temperature and relative humidity in the gaseous water circulation system be the set value.
本发明的非饱和土气态水迁移特性测试方法步骤如下：Unsaturated soil gaseous water migration characteristic testing method step of the present invention is as follows:
一、将干燥后的土体试样分批装入有机玻璃筒中，按计算的压实度分五层压实成形，得到土体试样；1. Put the dried soil samples into plexiglass cylinders in batches, and compact them in five layers according to the calculated compaction degree to obtain soil samples;
二、将水分传感器和温度传感器插入土体试样中；2. Insert the moisture sensor and temperature sensor into the soil sample;
三、安放紊流扰动叶片后，将有机玻璃筒安放在试验模型系统内；3. After placing the turbulent flow disturbance vane, place the plexiglass cylinder in the test model system;
四、在玻璃筒上部平方一层保鲜膜，随制冷铝盘一同压入玻璃套筒内，密封土体试样上边界；4. Place a layer of fresh-keeping film on the upper part of the glass cylinder, press it into the glass sleeve together with the cooling aluminum plate, and seal the upper boundary of the soil sample;
五、在电脑端设置制冷盘的温度为0℃，水汽温度为T'摄氏度，湿度为θ'，启动系统，气体循环泵工作，温湿度传感器记录试验模型系统内气体的温度T湿度θ；5. Set the temperature of the cooling plate on the computer side to 0°C, the water vapor temperature to T'°C, and the humidity to θ', start the system, the gas circulation pump works, and the temperature and humidity sensor records the temperature T and humidity θ of the gas in the test model system;
六、一个工作周期N天结束后，取土体试样测得五层的含水率，得到温度分布曲线以及含水率分布曲线。6. After N days of a working cycle, take soil samples to measure the moisture content of the five layers, and obtain the temperature distribution curve and moisture content distribution curve.
本发明实现了“同时测量多组不同温度、相对湿度的气态水在一维温度梯度左右下运移规律”，从而使每一个试样连接不同的温湿度控制系统，具体如图2所示。The present invention realizes "simultaneously measuring the migration laws of multiple groups of gaseous water with different temperatures and relative humidity in one-dimensional temperature gradients", so that each sample is connected to a different temperature and humidity control system, as shown in Figure 2.
本发明试验箱的底部通有一定温度和浓度的水蒸气，在底部入口处设有一个湿度传感器，反馈给电脑端，使得通进来的的水蒸气的浓度可调整到设定值，此外，土体试样的中部会放置几个测量含水率的水分传感器。The bottom of the test box of the present invention has water vapor of a certain temperature and concentration, and a humidity sensor is provided at the bottom entrance, which is fed back to the computer terminal, so that the concentration of water vapor passing through can be adjusted to a set value. In addition, the soil Several moisture sensors for measuring moisture content are placed in the middle of the bulk sample.
上述实施例阐明的内容应当理解为这些实施例仅用于更清楚地说明本发明，而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落入本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。The above-mentioned embodiments should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention more clearly, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, those skilled in the art will understand the various equivalent forms of the present invention All modifications fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of this application.
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