CN201204175Y - A kind of diamond thin film solar cell - Google Patents
A kind of diamond thin film solar cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN201204175Y CN201204175Y CNU2007201910226U CN200720191022U CN201204175Y CN 201204175 Y CN201204175 Y CN 201204175Y CN U2007201910226 U CNU2007201910226 U CN U2007201910226U CN 200720191022 U CN200720191022 U CN 200720191022U CN 201204175 Y CN201204175 Y CN 201204175Y
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005676 thermoelectric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种金刚石薄膜的太阳能电池，包括吸热材料层、阴极、金刚石层、绝缘层、栅极和阳极，其特征在于：阴极是在硅基底上的金刚石小锥体，锥体之间由介电材料构成的绝缘层分隔开，绝缘层上是金属栅极，对应于每个小锥体，栅极上有和小锥体底部尺寸相当的小孔，阳极为金属材料。太阳能电池的工作原理是，利用聚光装置，将太阳光会聚到金刚石薄膜上，将薄膜加热到较高的温度，使大量电子从小锥体的尖端发射出来，在外加电场的作用下，电子流向金属阳极形成电流。这种金刚石薄膜太阳能电池光电转换效率可以提升至50％，而且金刚石可承受500℃以上的高温而不损坏，金刚石又是耐空间辐射的材料，所以它在太空中使用时不会受到宇宙线的影响。
The utility model discloses a diamond film solar cell, which comprises a heat-absorbing material layer, a cathode, a diamond layer, an insulating layer, a gate and an anode, and is characterized in that the cathode is a small diamond cone on a silicon base, and the cone An insulating layer made of dielectric material is used to separate them. On the insulating layer is a metal grid, corresponding to each small cone. There is a small hole on the grid that is equivalent to the size of the bottom of the small cone. The anode is made of metal material. The working principle of the solar cell is to use the concentrating device to condense sunlight onto the diamond film, heat the film to a higher temperature, and make a large number of electrons emit from the tip of the small cone. Under the action of an external electric field, the electrons flow to the diamond film. The metal anode forms the current. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of this diamond thin-film solar cell can be increased to 50%, and diamond can withstand high temperatures above 500°C without damage. Diamond is also a material resistant to space radiation, so it will not be affected by cosmic rays when used in space. Influence.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及到一种空间能源技术领域的太阳能电池，具体涉及到一种应用特殊结构金刚石薄膜的太阳能电池。The utility model relates to a solar battery in the technical field of space energy, in particular to a solar battery using a diamond film with a special structure.
背景技术 Background technique
太阳能是地球上一个用之不竭的可再生能源宝库，太阳40分钟内投射到地球表面的能量就相当于全世界每年消耗能量的总和。因此，如果能充分地利用太阳能，人类的未来就有了保障。人类利用太阳能的想法其实由来已久，最早是将它转换为热能加以利用，后来光伏效应的发现使太阳能转化为电能成为可能，从而为解决地球能源枯竭的问题提供了希望。Solar energy is an inexhaustible treasure house of renewable energy on the earth. The energy projected by the sun to the surface of the earth within 40 minutes is equivalent to the sum of the annual energy consumption of the whole world. Therefore, if solar energy can be fully utilized, the future of mankind will be guaranteed. The idea of human beings to utilize solar energy has a long history. At first, it was converted into thermal energy for utilization. Later, the discovery of the photovoltaic effect made it possible to convert solar energy into electrical energy, thus providing hope for solving the problem of the earth's energy depletion.
专家预测，到2030年太阳能发电将占世界发电总量的50％，所以，大力发展太阳电池产业是一件有利于降低环境污染并造福于人类的伟大事业，太阳电池也必将成为人类未来能源的希望之星。Experts predict that solar power generation will account for 50% of the world's total power generation by 2030. Therefore, vigorously developing the solar cell industry is a great cause that is conducive to reducing environmental pollution and benefiting mankind. Solar cells will also become the future energy source of mankind. star of hope.
目前的晶体硅太阳能电池已经商品化，但具有难以克服的缺点，包括转换效率低、电池承受温度低以及抗空间辐射的能力低。The current crystalline silicon solar cells have been commercialized, but have insurmountable shortcomings, including low conversion efficiency, low cell temperature and low ability to withstand space radiation.
从目前的发展状况来看，由于受单晶硅材料价格和单晶硅电池制备过程的限制，若要再大幅度地降低单晶硅太阳电池成本是非常困难的，从而会阻碍太阳电池的进一步推广应用。Judging from the current development status, due to the limitation of the price of monocrystalline silicon materials and the manufacturing process of monocrystalline silicon cells, it is very difficult to significantly reduce the cost of monocrystalline silicon solar cells, which will hinder the further development of solar cells. Promote apps.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
金刚石太阳电池与目前的硅太阳电池最大的差异为前者使用“热电效应”，Thermal Voltaic Effect)而后者为“光电效应”(Photo Electric Effect)。前者可使用较低的太阳热量，所以其发电的效率较硅太阳电池高，另外，金刚石尖端也提供一个在真空中没有电阻的通路，因此电子流动会比硅半导体者畅通，产生的废热较小，这是它的能量效率可以提高的另一原因。The biggest difference between diamond solar cells and current silicon solar cells is that the former uses the "thermoelectric effect" (Thermal Voltaic Effect) while the latter uses the "photoelectric effect" (Photo Electric Effect). The former can use lower solar heat, so its power generation efficiency is higher than that of silicon solar cells. In addition, the diamond tip also provides a path without resistance in the vacuum, so the flow of electrons will be smoother than that of silicon semiconductors, and the waste heat generated is smaller. , which is another reason why its energy efficiency can be improved.
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种利用具有特殊结构的金刚石薄膜作为阴极的太阳能电池。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a solar cell using a diamond film with a special structure as a cathode.
本实用新型的目的可通过以下技术措施实现：The purpose of this utility model can be realized through the following technical measures:
一种金刚石薄膜太阳能电池，包括吸热材料层、阴极、金刚石层、绝缘层、栅极和阳极；阴极是在硅基底上的金刚石小锥体，锥体之间由介电材料构成的绝缘层分隔开，绝缘层上是金属栅极，对应于每个小锥体，栅极上有和小锥体底部尺寸相当的小孔，阳极为金属材料。在金刚石金属表面，具有大量均匀分布的μm尺度的金字塔形小锥体，锥体的密度为每cm2面积上在千万量级；在电场作用下，利用锥体尖端的场发射效应发射出电子，通过加热阴极，达到1000℃以上的温度，使发出的电子数量大幅度增加，到达阳极后，形成电流。A diamond thin-film solar cell, comprising a heat-absorbing material layer, a cathode, a diamond layer, an insulating layer, a grid and an anode; the cathode is a small diamond cone on a silicon substrate, and the insulating layer formed by a dielectric material between the cones Separated, on the insulating layer is a metal grid, corresponding to each small cone, there is a small hole on the grid with the same size as the bottom of the small cone, and the anode is made of metal material. On the surface of diamond metal, there are a large number of evenly distributed pyramid-shaped small cones with a size of μm. The density of the cones is on the order of tens of millions per cm2 area; Electrons, by heating the cathode, reach a temperature above 1000°C, so that the number of emitted electrons increases significantly, and after reaching the anode, a current is formed.
本实用新型的目的还可以通过以下技术措施实现：The purpose of this utility model can also be achieved through the following technical measures:
(1)在硅基底上，利用刻蚀方法，在硅基底的表面加工出大量均匀分布的、μm尺度的小孔，每cm2面积上的小孔数量在千万量级；(1) On the silicon substrate, use the etching method to process a large number of uniformly distributed, μm-scale small holes on the surface of the silicon substrate, and the number of small holes per cm2 area is on the order of tens of millions;
(2)利用化学气相沉积方法或电弧离子镀膜方法，在硅基底上生长金刚石薄膜，小孔内就会生长出金字塔形、μm尺度的小锥体；(2) Using chemical vapor deposition or arc ion plating to grow a diamond film on a silicon substrate, a pyramid-shaped, μm-scale small cone will grow in the small hole;
(3)将表面生长有金字塔型小锥体的硅基底作为阴极，和金属阳极组合，工作时在两极间加上电场，形成金刚石薄膜太阳能电池。(3) The silicon substrate with pyramid-shaped small cones grown on the surface is used as the cathode, combined with the metal anode, and an electric field is applied between the two electrodes during operation to form a diamond thin film solar cell.
本实用新型的有益效果Beneficial effects of the utility model
本实用新型的金刚石镀膜电池，光电转换效率可以提升至50％，而且金刚石可承受500℃以上的高温而不损坏，金刚石又是最耐空间辐射的材料，所以它在太空中使用时不会受到宇宙线的影响。除此之外，金刚石的硬度最高，所以不易磨损，它的散热也最快，可以把热能迅速扩散。这些优越性能使金刚石薄膜太阳能电池具有很好的发展前景。In the diamond-coated battery of the utility model, the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be increased to 50%, and the diamond can withstand high temperatures above 500°C without damage. Diamond is the most space-resistant material, so it will not be damaged when used in space. The influence of cosmic rays. In addition, diamond has the highest hardness, so it is not easy to wear, and it also has the fastest heat dissipation, which can quickly dissipate heat energy. These superior properties make diamond thin film solar cells have good development prospects.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为太阳能电池结构机工作原理示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the solar cell structure machine;
其中，1-热材料层、2-阴极、3-金刚石层、4-绝缘层、5-栅极、6-阳极、7-金刚石小锥体、8-电子。Among them, 1-thermal material layer, 2-cathode, 3-diamond layer, 4-insulating layer, 5-grid, 6-anode, 7-diamond cone, 8-electron.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型作进一步说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further described.
实施例Example
本实用新型中的金刚石薄膜太阳能电池主要有阴极和阳极组成，见图1所示。包括吸热材料层1、阴极2、金刚石层3、绝缘层4、栅极5和阳极6；阴极2是在硅基底上的金刚石小锥体7，锥体之间由介电材料构成的绝缘层分隔开，绝缘层上是金属栅极，对应于每个小锥体，栅极上有和小锥体底部尺寸相当的小孔，阳极为金属材料。其中阳极和普通太阳能电池的阳极没有区别，而阴极是具有大量金字塔形小锥体的金刚石薄膜，在电场作用及高温下，小锥体尖端发射出大量电子8，到达阳极6，形成电流。The diamond thin film solar cell in the utility model is mainly composed of a cathode and an anode, as shown in FIG. 1 . Including endothermic material layer 1, cathode 2,
金刚石薄膜太阳能电池制作过程如下：The fabrication process of diamond thin film solar cells is as follows:
(1)在硅基底上，利用刻蚀方法，在硅基底的表面加工出大量均匀分布的、μm尺度的小孔，每cm2面积上的小孔数量在千万量级；(1) On the silicon substrate, use the etching method to process a large number of uniformly distributed, μm-scale small holes on the surface of the silicon substrate, and the number of small holes per cm2 area is on the order of tens of millions;
(2)利用化学气相沉积方法或电弧离子镀膜方法，在硅基底上生长金刚石薄膜，小孔内就会生长出金字塔形、μm尺度的小锥体；(2) Using chemical vapor deposition or arc ion plating to grow a diamond film on a silicon substrate, a pyramid-shaped, μm-scale small cone will grow in the small hole;
(3)将表面生长有金字塔型小锥体的硅基底作为阴极，和金属阳极组合，工作时在两极间加上电场，形成金刚石薄膜太阳能电池。(3) The silicon substrate with pyramid-shaped small cones grown on the surface is used as the cathode, combined with the metal anode, and an electric field is applied between the two electrodes during operation to form a diamond thin film solar cell.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107507873A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-12-22 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of vacuous solar energy electrooptical device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107507873A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-12-22 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of vacuous solar energy electrooptical device |
| CN107507873B (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-06-25 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of vacuous solar energy electrooptical device |
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Granted publication date: 20090304 Termination date: 20100128 |