CN1778338B - Chinese medicine composition for treating coronary heart disease and angina cordis - Google Patents
Chinese medicine composition for treating coronary heart disease and angina cordis Download PDFInfo
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技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种应用超滤工艺制备的中药组合物。具体而言,本发明涉及一种应用超滤工艺制备的治疗冠心病心绞痛的中药组合物。The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared by an ultrafiltration process. Specifically, the invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating angina pectoris of coronary heart disease prepared by ultrafiltration.
背景技术Background technique
复方丹参片为中国药典历版收载的品种,具有活血化瘀、理气止痛之功效,用于胸中憋闷、心绞痛,是目前临床上常用的药物。其传统工艺为:取丹参提取3次,第1次加乙醇回流1.5小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,浓缩至相对密度为1.30(55~60℃);第2次加50%乙醇回流1.5小时,滤过。第3次加水回流2小时,滤过,合并第2次、第3次滤液,回收乙醇,浓缩至相对密度为1.40(55~60℃),与第1次的浓缩液合并,混匀,制成相对密度为1.35~1.39(55℃)的浸膏。将三七粉碎成细粉,与丹参浸膏拌均,干燥,制成颗粒。将冰片研细,与上述颗粒混均,压制成1000片,或包糖衣,即得。Compound Danshen Tablet is a variety recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. It has the effects of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, regulating qi and relieving pain. It is commonly used clinically for chest tightness and angina pectoris. The traditional process is: take Salvia miltiorrhiza and extract 3 times, add ethanol to reflux for 1.5 hours for the first time, filter, recover ethanol from the filtrate, concentrate to a relative density of 1.30 (55-60°C); add 50% ethanol for the second time and reflux for 1.5 hours , filtered. For the third time, add water and reflux for 2 hours, filter, combine the second and third filtrates, recover ethanol, concentrate to a relative density of 1.40 (55-60°C), combine with the first concentrated solution, and mix well to prepare It forms an extract with a relative density of 1.35 to 1.39 (55°C). Crush Panax notoginseng into fine powder, mix with salvia miltiorrhiza extract, dry and make granules. Grind the borneol finely, mix it with the above granules, press it into 1000 pieces, or coat it with sugar.
上述的工艺虽然可以使大部分的有效成分得以保留,还可除去相当量的杂质,但近年的研究发现,采用这一工艺,使不少与免疫有关的多糖类物质及许多微量元素有很大的损失;而且这种生产工艺的生产周期长,工艺复杂,生产成本高,成品稳定性差,易产生环境污染。Although the above-mentioned process can retain most of the active ingredients and remove a considerable amount of impurities, recent studies have found that many polysaccharides and many trace elements related to immunity have great Large loss; and the production cycle of this production process is long, the process is complicated, the production cost is high, the stability of the finished product is poor, and it is easy to produce environmental pollution.
膜分离技术(Membrane Separation Technique)是一项新兴的高效分离技术,已被国际公认为20世纪末至21世纪中期最有发展前途的一项重大高新生产技术。超滤(Ultrafiltration,UF)技术是一种膜分离技术,其基本原理是利用膜孔选择性筛分性能,以分离、提纯和浓缩物质。超滤方法,是利用高分子材料制成的各向异性膜(即不对称膜)为过滤介质,在常温条件下,依靠一定的压力和流速,使溶液流经膜面,迫使低分子量物质透过膜,而使高分子物质被截留。Membrane separation technology (Membrane Separation Technique) is a new high-efficiency separation technology, which has been internationally recognized as the most promising high-tech production technology from the end of the 20th century to the middle of the 21st century. Ultrafiltration (UF) technology is a membrane separation technology whose basic principle is to use the selective screening performance of membrane pores to separate, purify and concentrate substances. The ultrafiltration method uses an anisotropic membrane (that is, an asymmetric membrane) made of polymer materials as the filter medium. Under normal temperature conditions, relying on a certain pressure and flow rate, the solution flows through the membrane surface, forcing low molecular weight substances to permeate. Through the membrane, the polymer substances are intercepted.
由于超滤方法为物理方法,具有不须反复加热,没有“相态”变化,破坏有效成分的可能性较其它通用方法为少,工艺流程短等特点,因而其应用于提取中药有效成分的研究日益活跃,部分产品已从实验室研究走向工业生产。解放军304医院王世岭等人用超滤法提取黄芩中有效成分黄芩甙,结果表明超滤法在产率、纯度方面均较常法为优,且一次超滤即可达到注射剂要求,不需再行精制,工艺简单,生产周期可缩短1~2倍(王世岭,郑殿宝“超滤法提取黄芩甙的初步考察”,中成药研究,1988(3):5)。王世岭等还进一步研究了超滤法提取黄芩甙的最佳工艺条件,实验结果证明选用适宜孔径(截留分子量为6000~10000)的超滤膜是提高黄芩甙收率和质量的关键,同时升高药液温度或降低浓度,严格控制pH值(酸化时pH=1.5,碱溶时pH=7.0),可显著提高超滤速度,获得最佳产出效果(王世岭,“超滤法一次提取黄芩甙的工艺研究”,中成药,1994,16(3):2)。许金林等将超滤法(聚砜膜,截留分子量6000)用于植酸的制备中,植酸得率为86.4%,比常规的植酸盐法提高12.6%,且超滤法所得植酸几乎不含无机磷,外观透明几近无色(许金林,许杰,汪远金“膜分离技术制备植酸的研究”,中国医药工业杂志,1994,25(4):150)。何昌生等应用超滤技术分离精制甜菊糖甙,采用超薄型板式超滤器和截留分子量为10000的醋酸纤维素膜(CA膜)对甜菊糖甙进行净化现场实验,其工艺流程合理可行。超滤器性能稳定,膜的脱色性能和除杂质效果良好,可较好地解决甜菊糖甙生产中常常出现的沉淀和灌封时起泡问题(何昌生,王炳南,朱姗姗“甜菊糖甙超滤的应用研究”,水处理技术,1994,20(2):89)。黄自强采用超滤膜(截留分子量为4000和10000的聚砜膜)精制油茶皂甙,与国内大都采用的漂白法、再结晶法、醇醚沉淀法及碱式盐沉淀法比较,超滤法流程简单,效率高,费用低,对除去粗油茶皂甙中的油脂、色素、糖类及其他亲水性强的杂质,都能达到预期效果(黄自强,“超滤膜法精制油茶皂甙初探”水处理技术,1995,21(2):99)。南京中医药大学郭立玮等比较研究了水醇法与超滤法澄清山茱萸制剂对其制剂所含成分的影响,结果证实超滤法对去除药液中糖类杂质更为有效,截留分子量为10000的超滤膜对马钱素(分子量为384)无明显影响,但截留分子量为1000的膜使马钱素损失50%左右(郭立玮,彭国平,潘扬等“水醇法与膜分离法精制含山茱萸中药制剂的比较研究”,中成药,1999,21(2):59)。王成章等采用超滤法(聚砜膜,截留分子量30000)和聚酰胺树脂吸附洗脱法对银杏叶的乙醇提取液进行分离、纯化,经高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测,银杏黄酮甙含量在45%左右,得率为0.5%~0.7%,较常规水蒸气蒸馏法、有机溶剂提取法为优,而且在超滤工艺中可减少废水排放,保护环境,降低生产成本,提高经济效益(王成章,郁青,谭卫红等“超滤在纯化银杏叶黄酮甙中的应用”,林业科技通讯,1997,(2):21)。Because the ultrafiltration method is a physical method, it has the characteristics of no need for repeated heating, no "phase state" change, less possibility of destroying active ingredients than other general methods, and short process flow, so it is applied to the research of extracting active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine Increasingly active, some products have moved from laboratory research to industrial production. People's Liberation Army 304 Hospital Wang Shiling and others used ultrafiltration to extract the active ingredient baicalin in Scutellaria baicalensis. The results showed that the ultrafiltration method was superior to the conventional method in terms of yield and purity, and one ultrafiltration can meet the requirements of injections without further steps. Refined, simple process, the production cycle can be shortened by 1 to 2 times (Wang Shiling, Zheng Dianbao "A Preliminary Investigation on the Extraction of Baicalin by Ultrafiltration", Chinese Patent Medicine Research, 1988 (3): 5). Wang Shiling and others have further studied the optimal process conditions for extracting baicalin by ultrafiltration. The experimental results prove that the selection of an ultrafiltration membrane with a suitable pore size (molecular weight cut-off is 6000-10000) is the key to improving the yield and quality of baicalin. Liquid temperature or lower concentration, strictly control the pH value (pH=1.5 during acidification, pH=7.0 during alkali dissolution), can significantly improve the ultrafiltration speed, and obtain the best output effect (Wang Shiling, "One-time extraction of baicalin by ultrafiltration Technology Research", Chinese Patent Medicine, 1994, 16(3): 2). Xu Jinlin and others used the ultrafiltration method (polysulfone membrane, molecular weight cut-off 6000) in the preparation of phytic acid, and the yield of phytic acid was 86.4%, which was 12.6% higher than the conventional phytate method, and the phytic acid obtained by the ultrafiltration method was almost It does not contain inorganic phosphorus, and its appearance is transparent and almost colorless (Xu Jinlin, Xu Jie, Wang Yuanjin "Research on Preparation of Phytic Acid by Membrane Separation Technology", China Journal of Pharmaceutical Industry, 1994, 25(4): 150). He Changsheng and others applied ultrafiltration technology to separate and refine stevioside, and used ultra-thin plate ultrafilter and cellulose acetate membrane (CA membrane) with a molecular weight cut-off of 10,000 to carry out field experiments on the purification of stevioside. The process flow is reasonable and feasible. The performance of the ultrafilter is stable, the decolorization performance of the membrane and the effect of removing impurities are good, which can better solve the problems of precipitation and foaming during potting that often occur in the production of stevioside (He Changsheng, Wang Bingnan, Zhu Shanshan "Stevioside Application Research of Ultrafiltration", Water Treatment Technology, 1994, 20(2): 89). Huang Ziqiang used ultrafiltration membranes (polysulfone membranes with a molecular weight cut-off of 4000 and 10000) to refine camellia oleifera saponin, compared with the bleaching method, recrystallization method, alcohol ether precipitation method and alkaline salt precipitation method mostly used in China, the ultrafiltration process flow Simple, efficient, low cost, to remove grease, pigments, sugars and other highly hydrophilic impurities in the crude camellia saponin, all can achieve the expected effect (Huang Ziqiang, "Ultrafiltration membrane method refining camellia saponin preliminary research" water Process Technology, 1995, 21(2):99). Guo Liwei from Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine compared and studied the effects of water-alcohol method and ultrafiltration method on the clarification of Cornus officinalis preparations on the ingredients contained in the preparations. Ultrafiltration membrane has no obvious effect on loganin (molecular weight is 384), but the film with molecular weight cut-off is 1000 makes loganin loss about 50% (Guo Liwei, Peng Guoping, Pan Yang et al. A Comparative Study of Chinese Medicine Preparations from Cornus officinalis", Chinese Patent Medicine, 1999, 21(2): 59). Wang Chengzhang et al. used ultrafiltration (polysulfone membrane, molecular weight cut-off 30000) and polyamide resin adsorption elution method to separate and purify the ethanol extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves, and the content of ginkgo flavonoid glycosides was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At about 45%, the yield is 0.5% to 0.7%, which is superior to conventional steam distillation and organic solvent extraction, and can reduce waste water discharge in the ultrafiltration process, protect the environment, reduce production costs, and improve economic benefits ( Wang Chengzhang, Yu Qing, Tan Weihong, etc. "Application of Ultrafiltration in the Purification of Ginkgo Flavonoid Glycosides", Forestry Science and Technology Communication, 1997, (2): 21).
超滤技术应用于中药制剂的生产虽有其独特的优点,但其推广应用的程度仍然十分有限,究其原因,尚存在以下问题:Although the application of ultrafiltration technology in the production of traditional Chinese medicine preparations has its unique advantages, the extent of its application is still very limited. The reason is that there are still the following problems:
(1)中草药成分复杂,特别是许多复方制剂,有效成分还未完全清楚,因此在将超滤技术应用于中草药制剂之前需要进行十分深入的研究。例如由于成分的复杂性,在未进行大量的药理和临床研究试验充分评价超滤对中药制剂中各成分的药效影响程度之前,不可能将超滤法应用于大多数中药制剂的生产。(1) The composition of Chinese herbal medicine is complex, especially in many compound preparations, the active ingredients have not been fully understood, so it needs to be thoroughly studied before applying ultrafiltration technology to Chinese herbal medicine preparations. For example, due to the complexity of the components, it is impossible to apply ultrafiltration to the production of most traditional Chinese medicine preparations before a large number of pharmacological and clinical research tests are conducted to fully evaluate the effect of ultrafiltration on the efficacy of each component in traditional Chinese medicine preparations.
(2)膜材料的品种少,膜孔径分布宽,性能欠稳定。在中药制剂生产中使用过的超滤膜材料有醋酸纤维素、聚丙烯腈、聚砜、磺化聚砜、聚砜酰胺等。按其对水的亲和性分类,大致可分为两类:疏水性膜材料和亲水性膜材料。醋酸纤维素、磺化聚砜等亲水性膜材料对溶质吸附少,截留分子量较小,但热稳定性差,机械强度、抗化学药品性、抗细菌侵蚀能力通常不高;聚砜等疏水性膜材,机械强度高,耐高温、耐溶剂、耐生物降解,但因分子链中含有大量疏水性基因或链节,并带有较多静电荷,因而膜透水速度低,抗污染能力较低。(2) There are few types of membrane materials, the membrane pore size distribution is wide, and the performance is not stable. The ultrafiltration membrane materials used in the production of traditional Chinese medicine preparations include cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, sulfonated polysulfone, polysulfone amide, etc. According to its affinity to water, it can be roughly divided into two categories: hydrophobic membrane materials and hydrophilic membrane materials. Hydrophilic membrane materials such as cellulose acetate and sulfonated polysulfone have less adsorption of solutes and a smaller molecular weight cut-off, but poor thermal stability, mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and bacterial erosion resistance are usually not high; polysulfone and other hydrophobic Membrane material has high mechanical strength, high temperature resistance, solvent resistance, and biodegradation resistance, but because the molecular chain contains a large number of hydrophobic genes or chain links, and has a lot of electrostatic charges, the membrane has a low water permeability and low anti-pollution ability .
(3)膜的污染问题是阻碍超滤技术由实验室研究走向工业应用阶段的最大障碍。在中药制剂的超滤过程中,若药液预处理效果不佳时,膜面易污染,膜孔堵塞,使渗透通量即生产率下降,甚至不能正常工作,生产效率降低,成本上升,导致膜的使用寿命缩短。(3) Membrane fouling is the biggest obstacle preventing ultrafiltration technology from laboratory research to industrial application. In the ultrafiltration process of traditional Chinese medicine preparations, if the pretreatment effect of the liquid medicine is not good, the membrane surface will be easily polluted and the membrane pores will be blocked, which will reduce the permeation flux, that is, the productivity, or even fail to work normally, reduce the production efficiency, and increase the cost, resulting in membrane shortened service life.
(4)膜组件的选择方法尚未建立起来,超滤操作参数尚需优化。影响超滤效果的因素很多,包括膜组件的选择,工艺参数的确定及超滤器使用后的清洗方法等。因此适用于中药体系超滤用的超滤设备及操作工艺,有待进一步研究。(4) The selection method of membrane modules has not been established yet, and the operating parameters of ultrafiltration still need to be optimized. There are many factors that affect the effect of ultrafiltration, including the selection of membrane components, the determination of process parameters and the cleaning method of the ultrafilter after use. Therefore, the ultrafiltration equipment and operating technology suitable for ultrafiltration of traditional Chinese medicine systems need further research.
有关利用超滤法制备复方丹参片的实际应用,目前的文献尚未有任何报道。特别是,利用超滤法进行工业化生产一直是本领域中的一个技术难题。Regarding the practical application of compound Danshen tablets prepared by ultrafiltration, there are no reports in the current literature. In particular, the use of ultrafiltration for industrial production has always been a technical problem in this field.
发明人经过长期不懈地努力,通过对大量实验数据进行分析,验证了超滤法制备本发明药物的可行性,并确定了合适的工艺操作条件,为利用超滤法进行本发明药物的工业化生产提供了具体的解决方案。Through long-term and unremitting efforts, the inventor has verified the feasibility of preparing the medicine of the present invention by the ultrafiltration method by analyzing a large amount of experimental data, and determined suitable process operating conditions, in order to utilize the ultrafiltration method to carry out the industrialized production of the medicine of the present invention Specific solutions are provided.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种治疗冠心病心绞痛的中药组合物。The object of the invention is to provide a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating angina pectoris of coronary heart disease.
本发明是通过下述技术步骤实现的:以丹参、三七、冰片和人参为原料药,按照以下步骤进行制备:The present invention is realized through the following technical steps: using salvia miltiorrhiza, notoginseng, borneol and ginseng as raw materials, it is prepared according to the following steps:
(1)将丹参、三七、人参混合或单独制成水提液或醇提液;(1) Mix salvia miltiorrhiza, Panax notoginseng, and ginseng to make water extract or alcohol extract;
(2)对所述的提取液进行初步澄清处理;(2) Carry out preliminary clarification treatment to described extract;
(3)进一步对所述的提取液进行超滤处理;(3) further carry out ultrafiltration treatment to described extract;
(4)将超滤液浓缩,加入冰片,按常规方法制成制剂。(4) Concentrate the ultrafiltrate, add borneol, and make a preparation according to a conventional method.
上述原料药的配比按重量份计为:丹参20~97、三七2~79、冰片0.2~3、人参10~40;优选为:丹参63.0~94.0、三七4.0~35.0、冰片0.5~2.0、人参15~30;更优选为:丹参75.2~90、三七9~23.5、冰片0.5~1.3、人参20~25。The ratio of the above-mentioned raw materials is calculated by weight: 20-97 parts of Danshen, 2-79 parts of Panax notoginseng, 0.2-3 parts of Borneolum, 10-40 parts of Radix Ginseng; 2.0, ginseng 15-30; more preferably: salvia miltiorrhiza 75.2-90, Sanqi 9-23.5, borneol 0.5-1.3, ginseng 20-25.
上述原料药人参可以用党参替换,即上述原料药可为丹参20~97、三七2~79、冰片0.2~3、党参10~40;优选为:丹参63.0~94.0、三七4.0~35.0、冰片0.5~2.0、党参15~30;更优选为:丹参75.2~90、三七9~23.5、冰片0.5~1.3、党参20~25。The above-mentioned raw material ginseng can be replaced by Codonopsis ginseng, that is, the above-mentioned raw material drug can be Danshen 20-97, Sanqi 2-79, Borneol 0.2-3, Codonopsis 10-40; preferably: Danshen 63.0-94.0, Sanqi 4.0-35.0, Borneol 0.5-2.0, Codonopsis 15-30; more preferably: Danshen 75.2-90, Panax notoginseng 9-23.5, Borneol 0.5-1.3, Codonopsis 20-25.
本发明技术步骤(1)中,醇提液可为不同浓度的低级醇如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇等的提取液或其混合物的提取液。醇提液可不浓缩或适当浓缩后进行下一步的初步澄清处理。In the technical step (1) of the present invention, the alcohol extract can be lower alcohols of different concentrations such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, etc., or extracts of their mixtures. The alcohol extract can be subjected to the next preliminary clarification treatment without concentration or after proper concentration.
本发明技术步骤(2)中,初步的澄清处理可用一般的材料如纱布、丝绢等进行粗滤,也可用较专业的材料如陶瓷膜进行微滤,也可经高速离心后分取上清液,也可用絮凝剂如壳聚糖絮凝澄清剂、101果汁澄清剂、ZTC1+1天然澄清剂、蛋清絮凝剂等吸附澄清而除去药液中较大的悬浮颗粒,还可用醇沉法除去大部份杂质。既可单用上述澄清方法,也可联合应用,例如粗滤-吸附澄清,吸附澄清-高速离心,粗滤-微滤,粗滤-醇沉等。初步澄清处理的溶液可不浓缩或适当浓缩后进行下一步的超滤;优选不进行浓缩即进行下一步的超滤。In the technical step (2) of the present invention, preliminary clarification treatment can carry out rough filtration with general material such as gauze, silk silk etc., also can carry out microfiltration with more professional material such as ceramic membrane, also can get supernatant after high-speed centrifugation Liquid, also can use flocculant such as chitosan flocculation clarifier, 101 fruit juice clarifier, ZTC1+1 natural clarifier, egg white flocculant etc. Some impurities. The above clarification methods can be used alone or in combination, such as coarse filtration-adsorption clarification, adsorption clarification-high-speed centrifugation, coarse filtration-microfiltration, coarse filtration-alcohol precipitation, etc. The solution that has been preliminarily clarified can be subjected to the next step of ultrafiltration without concentration or after being properly concentrated; preferably, the next step of ultrafiltration is performed without concentration.
本发明技术步骤(3)中,超滤所用的超滤膜可为二醋酸纤维素膜(CA)、三醋酸纤维素膜(CTA)、氰乙基醋酸纤维素膜(CN-CA)、聚砜膜(PS)、磺化聚砜膜(SPS)、聚醚砜膜(PFS)、磺化聚醚砜膜(SPES)、聚砜酰胺膜(PSA)、酚酞侧基聚芳砜膜(PDS)、聚偏氟乙烯膜(PVDF)、聚丙烯腈膜(PAN)、聚酰亚胺膜(N)、纤维素膜、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯腈共聚物膜(MMA-AN)、聚丙烯腈/二醋酸纤维素(PAN/CA)共混膜,动态形成的超滤膜,以及上述膜的改性膜。优选为二醋酸纤维素膜(CA)、三醋酸纤维素膜(CTA)、聚砜膜(PS)、磺化聚砜膜(SPS)、聚醚砜膜(PES)、磺化聚醚砜膜(SPES)、聚砜酰胺膜(PSA),聚偏氟乙烯膜(PVDF)、聚丙烯腈膜(PAN)。In the technical step (3) of the present invention, the ultrafiltration membrane used for ultrafiltration can be cellulose diacetate membrane (CA), cellulose triacetate membrane (CTA), cyanoethyl cellulose acetate membrane (CN-CA), polyester Sulfone membrane (PS), sulfonated polysulfone membrane (SPS), polyethersulfone membrane (PFS), sulfonated polyethersulfone membrane (SPES), polysulfone amide membrane (PSA), phenolphthalein side group polyarylsulfone membrane (PDS) ), polyvinylidene fluoride film (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile film (PAN), polyimide film (N), cellulose film, methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile copolymer film (MMA-AN), poly Acrylonitrile/cellulose diacetate (PAN/CA) blend membranes, dynamically formed ultrafiltration membranes, and modified membranes of the above membranes. Preferably cellulose diacetate membrane (CA), cellulose triacetate membrane (CTA), polysulfone membrane (PS), sulfonated polysulfone membrane (SPS), polyethersulfone membrane (PES), sulfonated polyethersulfone membrane (SPES), polysulfoneamide membrane (PSA), polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile membrane (PAN).
上述超滤膜的截留分子量一般为6000~80000,优选为10000~70000,最佳为20000~50000。The molecular weight cut-off of the ultrafiltration membrane is generally 6000-80000, preferably 10000-70000, most preferably 20000-50000.
超滤既可采用错流过滤,也可采用死端过滤,但优选错流过滤。Ultrafiltration can be either cross-flow filtration or dead-end filtration, but cross-flow filtration is preferred.
超滤工艺的操作条件如下:The operating conditions of the ultrafiltration process are as follows:
(1)超滤的进液口压力为0.1~0.5MPa,优选为0.1~0.35Mpa,最佳为0.25~0.35Mpa;超滤的出液口压力比进液口压力低0.5~0.25kPa。超滤初期采用较低压力,然后慢慢升压;在超滤过程中,采用周期性压力波动,压力波动差为0.1~0.2Mpa。(1) The inlet pressure of the ultrafiltration is 0.1-0.5MPa, preferably 0.1-0.35Mpa, and most preferably 0.25-0.35Mpa; the outlet pressure of the ultrafiltration is 0.5-0.25kPa lower than the inlet pressure. In the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a lower pressure is used, and then the pressure is gradually increased; in the process of ultrafiltration, periodic pressure fluctuations are adopted, and the pressure fluctuation difference is 0.1-0.2Mpa.
(2)料液流速为1.0~4.0m/s,优选为2.0~3.0m/s。超滤过程中,采用周期性流量波动以便在膜通道内产生脉动流或不稳定流,流速波动差为1.0~2.0m/s。(2) The flow rate of the feed liquid is 1.0-4.0 m/s, preferably 2.0-3.0 m/s. During the ultrafiltration process, periodic flow fluctuations are used to generate pulsating flow or unsteady flow in the membrane channel, and the flow velocity fluctuation difference is 1.0-2.0m/s.
(3)在超滤系统中间歇通入高压惰性气体如氮气,形成气液脉冲流,周期为0.5h~2h通气一次,每次1分钟。(3) In the ultrafiltration system, high-pressure inert gas such as nitrogen is fed intermittently to form a gas-liquid pulse flow, and the cycle is 0.5h-2h to ventilate once, each time for 1 minute.
(3)料液温度为15~50℃,优选为20~40℃。(3) The feed liquid temperature is 15-50°C, preferably 20-40°C.
(4)当料液原液被浓缩1/15~1/5时,再加水或稀醇溶液超滤1~2次;优选为当料液原液被浓缩1/12~1/8时,再加水或稀醇溶液超滤1~2次。(4) When the stock solution is concentrated by 1/15 to 1/5, add water or dilute alcohol solution for ultrafiltration 1 to 2 times; preferably when the stock solution is concentrated by 1/12 to 1/8, add water Or dilute alcohol solution ultrafiltration 1 to 2 times.
(5)料液的PH值控制在5~9,优选为6.0~7.5;(5) The pH value of the feed liquid is controlled at 5 to 9, preferably 6.0 to 7.5;
(6)反冲洗条件:反冲洗压力为0.15~2.5MPa,反冲洗周期为0.5~1.5h、反冲洗时间为1min~10min。当将超滤组件并联使用交替反冲的方法时,其中一套或几套进行正常的超滤并分流出一部分滤液来反冲另一套或几套组件的超滤膜,间隔一段时间后交换进行,一般是工作10~20min,反冲30sec~3min。(6) Backwashing conditions: Backwashing pressure is 0.15-2.5MPa, backwashing cycle is 0.5-1.5h, and backwashing time is 1min-10min. When the ultrafiltration modules are connected in parallel to use the method of alternate backflushing, one or several sets perform normal ultrafiltration and part of the filtrate is flowed out to backwash the ultrafiltration membrane of another set or several sets of components, and exchange after a period of time To carry out, generally work for 10 to 20 minutes, and recoil for 30 seconds to 3 minutes.
(7)化学清洗周期为0.5月~2月,化学清洗药剂一般为稀酸、稀碱、表面活性剂,优选为稀碱,例如0.5%~4.0%氢氧化钠,1.5%氢氧化钠和2%次氯酸钠的混合溶液等,pH值为10~12,清洗工作压力为0.05~1.0MPa。在用化学清洗剂清洗之后,再用水冲洗至近中性。(7) The chemical cleaning period is 0.5 months to February. The chemical cleaning agents are generally dilute acids, dilute alkalis, and surfactants, preferably dilute alkalis, such as 0.5% to 4.0% sodium hydroxide, 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 2 % sodium hypochlorite mixed solution, etc., the pH value is 10-12, and the cleaning working pressure is 0.05-1.0MPa. After cleaning with chemical cleaners, rinse with water until nearly neutral.
在超滤过程中,既可单独使用周期性压力波动或者周期性流量波动或者周期性通入惰性气体,也可联合使用,即周期性压力波动和周期性流量波动联合使用,或者周期性压力波动和周期性通入惰性气体联合使用,或者周期性流量波动和周期性通入惰性气体联合使用,或者三者一起联合使用。In the ultrafiltration process, periodic pressure fluctuations or periodic flow fluctuations or periodic inert gas injections can be used alone, or in combination, that is, periodic pressure fluctuations and periodic flow fluctuations are used in combination, or periodic pressure fluctuations It is used in combination with periodic inert gas injection, or in combination with periodic flow fluctuations and inert gas injection, or in combination with the three.
本发明技术步骤(4)中,将超滤液浓缩成浸膏后,再按常规方法制成制剂。例如,可以与任何一种或一种以上药剂学上辅料如淀粉、糊精、乳糖、微晶纤维素、羟丙甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、硬脂酸镁、微粉硅胶、木糖醇、乳糖醇、葡萄糖、甘氨酸、甘露醇、甘氨酸等混合制成片剂、胶囊、颗粒剂、口服液、缓释制剂、控释制剂、凝胶剂、软膏剂、油膏剂、霜剂、栓剂、注射剂、粉针剂、贴剂、滴丸、混悬剂等等。In the technical step (4) of the present invention, after the ultrafiltrate is concentrated into an extract, the preparation is then prepared in a conventional manner. For example, it can be mixed with any one or more pharmaceutical excipients such as starch, dextrin, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, magnesium stearate, micronized silica gel, xylose Alcohol, lactitol, glucose, glycine, mannitol, glycine, etc. are mixed to form tablets, capsules, granules, oral liquids, sustained-release preparations, controlled-release preparations, gels, ointments, ointments, creams, suppositories , injections, powder injections, patches, dripping pills, suspensions, etc.
实验例 本发明药物治疗冠心病心绞痛临床观察Experimental Example Clinical Observation on Drug Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease Angina Pectoris by the Present Invention
1临床资料1 clinical data
1.1一般资料 观察组38例,男21例,女17例。年龄为38~80岁,平均53.5岁。其中心绞痛24例,陈旧性心肌梗死8例,心律失常6例。对照组30例,男17例,女13例。年龄为43~85岁,平均51.5岁。其中心绞痛21例,陈旧性心肌梗死5例,心律失常4例。以上两组均符合1980年全国内科学术会议“冠心病命名及诊断标准建议”诊断标准。1.1 General information The observation group consisted of 38 cases, including 21 males and 17 females. The age ranged from 38 to 80 years old, with an average of 53.5 years old. Among them, there were 24 cases of angina pectoris, 8 cases of old myocardial infarction, and 6 cases of arrhythmia. The control group consisted of 30 cases, including 17 males and 13 females. The age ranged from 43 to 85 years old, with an average of 51.5 years old. Among them, there were 21 cases of angina pectoris, 5 cases of old myocardial infarction, and 4 cases of arrhythmia. The above two groups were all in line with the diagnostic criteria of the "Recommendations for Coronary Heart Disease Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria" presented by the National Internal Medicine Academic Conference in 1980.
1.2治疗方法观察组:服用本发明药物(片剂),3片/次,3次/天。同时口服消心痛10mg/次,3次/天,并口服阿斯匹林75mg/次,1次/天。对照组:服用消心浦10mg次,3次/天,并口服阿斯匹林75mg/次,1次/d。两组均经4周(1个疗程)观察,观察期间停用其他扩冠药物。1.2 Treatment method observation group: take medicine (tablet) of the present invention, 3 tablets/time, 3 times/day. At the same time, take 10 mg/time of Xiaoxin Pain, 3 times/day, and 75 mg/time of aspirin, 1 time/day. Control group: taking Xiaoxinpu 10mg times, 3 times/day, and oral aspirin 75mg/time, 1 time/d. The two groups were observed for 4 weeks (1 course of treatment), and other coronary expansion drugs were stopped during the observation period.
2结果2 results
2.1疗效判断标准 按1979年上海会议制定的冠心病心绞痛及心电图疗效评定标准进行评定。显效:症状消失,静息状态下心电图恢复正常或运动试验内阳性转为阴性,早搏消失;有效:临床症状减轻,静息时心电图S-T段回升0.03~0.05mv,早搏较治疗前减少;无效:临床症状,心电图无变化,早搏无减少。2.1 Efficacy Judgment Criteria Evaluate according to the angina pectoris and electrocardiogram curative effect evaluation standards for coronary heart disease formulated by the Shanghai Conference in 1979. Significantly effective: symptoms disappear, electrocardiogram in resting state returns to normal or positive in exercise test turns negative, and premature beats disappear; effective: clinical symptoms are relieved, S-T segment of electrocardiogram at rest rises by 0.03-0.05mv, and premature beats are reduced compared with before treatment; invalid: Clinical symptoms, no changes in ECG, no reduction in premature beats.
2.2治疗结果 观察组38例中,显效20例,占52.6%。有效14例,占36.8%;无效4例,占10.5%;总有效率89.5%。对照组30例中,显效11例,占36.7%;有效10例,占33.3%;无效9例,占30%;总有效率70%。观察组疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。2.2 Treatment results Among the 38 cases in the observation group, 20 cases were markedly effective, accounting for 52.6%. 14 cases were effective, accounting for 36.8%; 4 cases were ineffective, accounting for 10.5%; the total effective rate was 89.5%. Among the 30 cases in the control group, 11 cases were markedly effective, accounting for 36.7%; 10 cases were effective, accounting for 33.3%; 9 cases were ineffective, accounting for 30%; the total effective rate was 70%. The curative effect of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05).
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述。这些实施例仅用于例举的目的,而不是以任何方式限制本发明。The present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with embodiment. These examples are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the invention in any way.
实施例一Embodiment one
原料药采用丹参375g、三七118g、冰片8g、人参100g。The raw materials are 375g of Danshen, 118g of Radix Notoginseng, 8g of Borneolum, and 100g of Radix Ginseng.
用乙醇提取丹参和人参得到丹参和人参的乙醇提取液,用纱布将此提取液过滤,收集滤液。滤液用截留分子量为6000的二醋酸纤维素膜进行超滤,过滤方式采用错流过滤。超滤工艺的操作条件为:超滤的进液口压力为0.1Mpa,超滤的出液口压力比进液口压力低0.5kPa。超滤初期采用较低压力,然后慢慢升压;在超滤过程中,采用周期性压力波动,压力波动差为0.1Mpa。料液流速为1.0m/s,超滤过程中,采用周期性流量波动以便在膜通道内产生脉动流或不稳定流,流速波动差为1.0m/s,在超滤系统中间歇通入氮气,形成气液脉冲流,周期为0.5h通气一次,每次1分钟。料液温度为15℃,当料液原液被浓缩1/15时,再加水或稀醇溶液超滤1次,料液的PH值控制在5。反冲洗压力为0.15MPa,反冲洗周期为0.5h、反冲洗时间为1min。当将超滤组件并联使用交替反冲的方法时,其中一套或几套进行正常的超滤并分流出一部分滤液来反冲另一套或几套组件的超滤膜,间隔一段时间后交换进行,工作10min,反冲30sec。化学清洗周期为0.5月,化学清洗药剂为0.5%~4.0%氢氧化钠、1.5%氢氧化钠和2%次氯酸钠的混合溶液,pH值为10~12,清洗工作压力为0.05MPa。在用化学清洗剂清洗之后,再用水冲洗至近中性。Extracting the salvia miltiorrhiza and ginseng with ethanol to obtain an ethanol extract of the salvia miltiorrhiza and ginseng, filtering the extract with gauze, and collecting the filtrate. The filtrate was ultrafiltered with a cellulose diacetate membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 6000, and the filtration method was cross-flow filtration. The operating conditions of the ultrafiltration process are: the pressure of the liquid inlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.1Mpa, and the pressure of the liquid outlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.5kPa lower than the pressure of the liquid inlet. In the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a lower pressure is used, and then the pressure is gradually increased; in the process of ultrafiltration, periodic pressure fluctuations are used, and the pressure fluctuation difference is 0.1Mpa. The flow rate of the feed liquid is 1.0m/s. During the ultrafiltration process, periodic flow fluctuations are used to generate pulsating flow or unstable flow in the membrane channel. The difference in flow rate fluctuations is 1.0m/s. Nitrogen is intermittently fed into the ultrafiltration system , to form a gas-liquid pulse flow, and the period is 0.5h to ventilate once, each time for 1 minute. The temperature of the feed liquid is 15°C. When the original feed liquid is concentrated by 1/15, add water or dilute alcohol solution for ultrafiltration once, and the pH value of the feed liquid is controlled at 5. The backwash pressure is 0.15MPa, the backwash cycle is 0.5h, and the backwash time is 1min. When the ultrafiltration modules are connected in parallel to use the method of alternate backflushing, one or several sets perform normal ultrafiltration and part of the filtrate is flowed out to backwash the ultrafiltration membrane of another set or several sets of components, and exchange after a period of time Carry out, work for 10min, recoil for 30sec. The chemical cleaning cycle is 0.5 months, the chemical cleaning agent is a mixed solution of 0.5%-4.0% sodium hydroxide, 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 2% sodium hypochlorite, the pH value is 10-12, and the cleaning working pressure is 0.05MPa. After cleaning with chemical cleaners, rinse with water until nearly neutral.
将所述的超滤液浓缩得到相对密度为1.35~1.39(55℃)的浸膏。将三七粉碎成细粉,与上述浸膏拌均,干燥,制成颗粒。将冰片研细,与上述颗粒混均,压制成1000片,或包糖衣,即得。Concentrating the ultrafiltrate to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.35-1.39 (55° C.). Crush notoginseng into fine powder, mix with the above extract, dry and make granules. Grind the borneol finely, mix it with the above granules, press it into 1000 pieces, or coat it with sugar.
实施例二Embodiment two
原料药采用丹参465g、三七30g、冰片8g、人参85g。The raw materials are 465g of Danshen, 30g of Panax notoginseng, 8g of borneol, and 85g of ginseng.
用乙醇提取丹参和人参得到丹参和人参的乙醇提取液,用陶瓷膜进行微滤,收集滤液。滤液用截留分子量为80000的聚砜膜进行超滤,过滤方式采用死端过滤。超滤工艺的操作条件为:超滤的进液口压力为0.5Mpa,超滤的出液口压力比进液口压力低0.25kPa。超滤初期采用较低压力,然后慢慢升压;在超滤过程中,采用周期性压力波动,压力波动差为0.2Mpa。料液流速为4.0m/s,超滤过程中,采用周期性流量波动以便在膜通道内产生脉动流或不稳定流,流速波动差为2.0m/s,在超滤系统中间歇通入氮气,形成气液脉冲流,周期为2h通气一次,每次1分钟。料液温度为50℃,当料液原液被浓缩1/5时,再加水或稀醇溶液超滤2次,料液的PH值控制在9。反冲洗压力为2.5MPa,反冲洗周期为1.5h、反冲洗时间为10min。当将超滤组件并联使用交替反冲的方法时,其中一套或几套进行正常的超滤并分流出一部分滤液来反冲另一套或几套组件的超滤膜,间隔一段时间后交换进行,工作20min,反冲3min。化学清洗周期为2个月,化学清洗药剂为0.5%~4.0%氢氧化钠、1.5%氢氧化钠和2%次氯酸钠的混合溶液,pH值为10~12,清洗工作压力为1.0MPa。在用化学清洗剂清洗之后,再用水冲洗至近中性。The ethanol extracts of the salvia miltiorrhiza and the ginseng are obtained by extracting the salvia miltiorrhiza and the ginseng with ethanol, microfiltration is performed with a ceramic membrane, and the filtrate is collected. The filtrate was ultrafiltered with a polysulfone membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 80,000, and the filtration method was dead-end filtration. The operating conditions of the ultrafiltration process are: the pressure of the liquid inlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.5Mpa, and the pressure of the liquid outlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.25kPa lower than the pressure of the liquid inlet. In the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a lower pressure is used, and then the pressure is gradually increased; in the process of ultrafiltration, periodic pressure fluctuations are adopted, and the pressure fluctuation difference is 0.2Mpa. The flow rate of the feed liquid is 4.0m/s. During the ultrafiltration process, periodic flow fluctuations are used to generate pulsating flow or unstable flow in the membrane channel. The difference in flow rate fluctuations is 2.0m/s. Nitrogen is intermittently fed into the ultrafiltration system , to form a gas-liquid pulse flow, and the period is 2h to ventilate once, each time for 1 minute. The temperature of the feed liquid is 50°C. When the raw liquid of the feed liquid is concentrated by 1/5, add water or dilute alcohol solution for ultrafiltration twice, and the pH value of the feed liquid is controlled at 9. The backwash pressure is 2.5MPa, the backwash cycle is 1.5h, and the backwash time is 10min. When the ultrafiltration modules are connected in parallel to use the method of alternate backflushing, one or several sets perform normal ultrafiltration and part of the filtrate is flowed out to backwash the ultrafiltration membrane of another set or several sets of components, and exchange after a period of time Carry out, work for 20 minutes, recoil for 3 minutes. The chemical cleaning cycle is 2 months, the chemical cleaning agent is a mixed solution of 0.5% to 4.0% sodium hydroxide, 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 2% sodium hypochlorite, the pH value is 10 to 12, and the cleaning working pressure is 1.0MPa. After cleaning with chemical cleaners, rinse with water until nearly neutral.
将所述的超滤液浓缩得到相对密度为1.35~1.39(55℃)的丹参浸膏。将三七粉碎成细粉,与上述浸膏拌均,将冰片研细,与上述颗粒混均,加3%聚维酮乙醇溶液制软材,过18目筛制颗粒,60℃干燥30~45分钟,整粒,加入滑石粉,混匀,充于胶囊中,即得。Concentrating the ultrafiltrate to obtain the salvia miltiorrhiza extract with a relative density of 1.35-1.39 (55° C.). Crush Panax notoginseng into fine powder, mix with the above extract, grind borneol finely, mix with the above granules, add 3% povidone ethanol solution to make a soft material, pass through a 18-mesh sieve to make granules, and dry at 60°C for 30~ After 45 minutes, whole grains, add talcum powder, mix well, fill in capsules, and get ready.
实施例三Embodiment three
原料药采用丹参260g、三七165g、冰片7g、人参170g。260g of salvia miltiorrhiza, 165g of notoginseng, 7g of borneol, and 170g of ginseng were used as raw materials.
用乙醇提取丹参、三七和人参得到混合的乙醇提取液,将此提取液高速离心后分取上清液。将此液体用截留分子量为50000的聚砜膜进行超滤,过滤方式采用错流过滤。超滤工艺的操作条件为:超滤的进液口压力为0.35Mpa,超滤的出液口压力比进液口压力低0.20kPa。超滤初期采用较低压力,然后慢慢升压;在超滤过程中,采用周期性压力波动,压力波动差为0.2Mpa。料液流速为3.0m/s,超滤过程中,采用周期性流量波动以便在膜通道内产生脉动流或不稳定流,流速波动差为2.0m/s,在超滤系统中间歇通入氮气,形成气液脉冲流,周期为2h通气一次,每次1分钟。料液温度为40℃,当料液原液被浓缩1/8时,再加水或稀醇溶液超滤2次,料液的PH值控制在7.5。反冲洗压力为2.5MPa,反冲洗周期为1.5h、反冲洗时间为10min。当将超滤组件并联使用交替反冲的方法时,其中一套或几套进行正常的超滤并分流出一部分滤液来反冲另一套或几套组件的超滤膜,间隔一段时间后交换进行,工作20min,反冲3min。化学清洗周期为2个月,化学清洗药剂为0.5%~4.0%氢氧化钠、1.5%氢氧化钠和2%次氯酸钠的混合溶液,pH值为10~12,清洗工作压力为1.0MPa。在用化学清洗剂清洗之后,再用水冲洗至近中性。Extracting Danshen, Panax notoginseng and Panax ginseng with ethanol to obtain a mixed ethanol extract, centrifuging the extract at high speed and then separating the supernatant. The liquid is ultrafiltered with a polysulfone membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 50,000, and the filtration method adopts cross-flow filtration. The operating conditions of the ultrafiltration process are: the pressure of the liquid inlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.35Mpa, and the pressure of the liquid outlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.20kPa lower than the pressure of the liquid inlet. In the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a lower pressure is used, and then the pressure is gradually increased; in the process of ultrafiltration, periodic pressure fluctuations are adopted, and the pressure fluctuation difference is 0.2Mpa. The flow rate of the feed liquid is 3.0m/s. During the ultrafiltration process, periodic flow fluctuations are used to generate pulsating or unstable flows in the membrane channel. The difference in flow rate fluctuations is 2.0m/s. Nitrogen is intermittently fed into the ultrafiltration system , to form a gas-liquid pulse flow, and the period is 2h to ventilate once, each time for 1 minute. The temperature of the feed liquid is 40°C. When the original feed liquid is concentrated by 1/8, add water or dilute alcohol solution for ultrafiltration twice, and the pH value of the feed liquid is controlled at 7.5. The backwash pressure is 2.5MPa, the backwash cycle is 1.5h, and the backwash time is 10min. When the ultrafiltration modules are connected in parallel to use the method of alternate backflushing, one or several sets perform normal ultrafiltration and part of the filtrate is flowed out to backwash the ultrafiltration membrane of another set or several sets of components, and exchange after a period of time Carry out, work for 20 minutes, recoil for 3 minutes. The chemical cleaning cycle is 2 months, the chemical cleaning agent is a mixed solution of 0.5% to 4.0% sodium hydroxide, 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 2% sodium hypochlorite, the pH value is 10 to 12, and the cleaning working pressure is 1.0MPa. After cleaning with chemical cleaners, rinse with water until nearly neutral.
将所述的超滤液浓缩得到相对密度为1.35~1.39(55℃)的浸膏。干燥,制成颗粒。将冰片研细,与上述颗粒混均,加适量的硬脂酸镁混合均匀,压制成1000片,或包糖衣,即得。Concentrating the ultrafiltrate to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.35-1.39 (55° C.). Dry and make granules. Grind borneol finely, mix with the above granules, add appropriate amount of magnesium stearate, mix evenly, press into 1000 pieces, or coat with sugar, to obtain.
实施例四Embodiment four
原料药采用丹参490克,三七84克,冰片6克、人参60g。The raw material medicine adopts 490 grams of salvia miltiorrhiza, 84 grams of notoginseng, 6 grams of borneol, and 60 grams of ginseng.
将粗粉碎的丹参、三七和人参药材加至提取罐中,加5倍量水,煎煮2小时,滤过,滤渣进行第二次提取,加入4倍量水,煎1小时,滤过,滤渣弃去,合并滤液。滤液用截留分子量为6000的二醋酸纤维素膜进行超滤,过滤方式采用错流过滤。超滤工艺的操作条件为:超滤的进液口压力为0.1Mpa,超滤的出液口压力比进液口压力低0.5kPa。超滤初期采用较低压力,然后慢慢升压;在超滤过程中,采用周期性压力波动,压力波动差为0.1Mpa。料液流速为1.0m/s,超滤过程中,采用周期性流量波动以便在膜通道内产生脉动流或不稳定流,流速波动差为1.0m/s,在超滤系统中间歇通入氮气,形成气液脉冲流,周期为0.5h通气一次,每次1分钟。料液温度为15℃,当料液原液被浓缩1/15时,再加水或稀醇溶液超滤1次,料液的PH值控制在5。反冲洗压力为0.15MPa,反冲洗周期为0.5h、反冲洗时间为1min。当将超滤组件并联使用交替反冲的方法时,其中一套或几套进行正常的超滤并分流出一部分滤液来反冲另一套或几套组件的超滤膜,间隔一段时间后交换进行,工作10min,反冲30sec。化学清洗周期为0.5月,化学清洗药剂为0.5%~4.0%氢氧化钠、1.5%氢氧化钠和2%次氯酸钠的混合溶液,pH值为10~12,清洗工作压力为0.05MPa。在用化学清洗剂清洗之后,再用水冲洗至近中性。Add coarsely crushed salvia miltiorrhiza, notoginseng and ginseng to the extraction tank, add 5 times the amount of water, decoct for 2 hours, filter, and extract the filter residue for the second time, add 4 times the amount of water, fry for 1 hour, filter , discard the filter residue, and combine the filtrates. The filtrate was ultrafiltered with a cellulose diacetate membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 6000, and the filtration method was cross-flow filtration. The operating conditions of the ultrafiltration process are: the pressure of the liquid inlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.1Mpa, and the pressure of the liquid outlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.5kPa lower than the pressure of the liquid inlet. In the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a lower pressure is used, and then the pressure is gradually increased; in the process of ultrafiltration, periodic pressure fluctuations are used, and the pressure fluctuation difference is 0.1Mpa. The flow rate of the feed liquid is 1.0m/s. During the ultrafiltration process, periodic flow fluctuations are used to generate pulsating flow or unstable flow in the membrane channel. The difference in flow rate fluctuations is 1.0m/s. Nitrogen is intermittently fed into the ultrafiltration system , to form a gas-liquid pulse flow, and the period is 0.5h to ventilate once, each time for 1 minute. The temperature of the feed liquid is 15°C. When the original feed liquid is concentrated by 1/15, add water or dilute alcohol solution for ultrafiltration once, and the pH value of the feed liquid is controlled at 5. The backwash pressure is 0.15MPa, the backwash cycle is 0.5h, and the backwash time is 1min. When the ultrafiltration modules are connected in parallel to use the method of alternate backflushing, one or several sets perform normal ultrafiltration and part of the filtrate is flowed out to backwash the ultrafiltration membrane of another set or several sets of components, and exchange after a period of time Carry out, work for 10min, recoil for 30sec. The chemical cleaning cycle is 0.5 months, the chemical cleaning agent is a mixed solution of 0.5%-4.0% sodium hydroxide, 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 2% sodium hypochlorite, the pH value is 10-12, and the cleaning working pressure is 0.05MPa. After cleaning with chemical cleaners, rinse with water until nearly neutral.
将所述的超滤液浓缩得到相对密度为1.32~1.40(55℃)的浸膏,加入冰片,混合均匀,在间歇式流化床内与乳糖流化,干燥,制成颗粒,即得。Concentrate the ultrafiltrate to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.32-1.40 (55°C), add borneol, mix evenly, fluidize with lactose in a batch fluidized bed, dry, and make granules.
实施例五Embodiment five
原料药采用丹参242克,三七255克,冰片4克、人参100g。The raw material medicine adopts 242 grams of salvia miltiorrhiza, 255 grams of notoginseng, 4 grams of borneol, and 100 grams of ginseng.
将粗粉碎的丹参、三七和人参药材加至提取罐中,加5倍量水,煎煮2小时,滤过,滤渣进行第二次提取,加入4倍量水,煎1小时,滤过,滤渣弃去,合并滤液。滤液用截留分子量为80000的聚砜膜进行超滤,过滤方式采用死端过滤。超滤工艺的操作条件为:超滤的进液口压力为0.5Mpa,超滤的出液口压力比进液口压力低0.25kPa。超滤初期采用较低压力,然后慢慢升压;在超滤过程中,采用周期性压力波动,压力波动差为0.2Mpa。料液流速为4.0m/s,超滤过程中,采用周期性流量波动以便在膜通道内产生脉动流或不稳定流,流速波动差为2.0m/s,在超滤系统中间歇通入氮气,形成气液脉冲流,周期为2h通气一次,每次1分钟。料液温度为50℃,当料液原液被浓缩1/5时,再加水或稀醇溶液超滤2次,料液的PH值控制在9。反冲洗压力为2.5MPa,反冲洗周期为1.5h、反冲洗时间为10min。当将超滤组件并联使用交替反冲的方法时,其中一套或几套进行正常的超滤并分流出一部分滤液来反冲另一套或几套组件的超滤膜,间隔一段时间后交换进行,工作20min,反冲3min。化学清洗周期为2个月,化学清洗药剂为0.5%~4.0%氢氧化钠、1.5%氢氧化钠和2%次氯酸钠的混合溶液,pH值为10~12,清洗工作压力为1.0MPa。在用化学清洗剂清洗之后,再用水冲洗至近中性。Add coarsely crushed salvia miltiorrhiza, notoginseng and ginseng to the extraction tank, add 5 times the amount of water, decoct for 2 hours, filter, and extract the filter residue for the second time, add 4 times the amount of water, fry for 1 hour, filter , discard the filter residue, and combine the filtrates. The filtrate was ultrafiltered with a polysulfone membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 80,000, and the filtration method was dead-end filtration. The operating conditions of the ultrafiltration process are: the pressure of the liquid inlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.5Mpa, and the pressure of the liquid outlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.25kPa lower than the pressure of the liquid inlet. In the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a lower pressure is used, and then the pressure is gradually increased; in the process of ultrafiltration, periodic pressure fluctuations are adopted, and the pressure fluctuation difference is 0.2Mpa. The flow rate of the feed liquid is 4.0m/s. During the ultrafiltration process, periodic flow fluctuations are used to generate pulsating flow or unstable flow in the membrane channel. The difference in flow rate fluctuations is 2.0m/s. Nitrogen is intermittently fed into the ultrafiltration system , to form a gas-liquid pulse flow, and the period is 2h to ventilate once, each time for 1 minute. The temperature of the feed liquid is 50°C. When the raw liquid of the feed liquid is concentrated by 1/5, add water or dilute alcohol solution for ultrafiltration twice, and the pH value of the feed liquid is controlled at 9. The backwash pressure is 2.5MPa, the backwash cycle is 1.5h, and the backwash time is 10min. When the ultrafiltration modules are connected in parallel to use the method of alternate backflushing, one or several sets perform normal ultrafiltration and part of the filtrate is flowed out to backwash the ultrafiltration membrane of another set or several sets of components, and exchange after a period of time Carry out, work for 20 minutes, recoil for 3 minutes. The chemical cleaning cycle is 2 months, the chemical cleaning agent is a mixed solution of 0.5% to 4.0% sodium hydroxide, 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 2% sodium hypochlorite, the pH value is 10 to 12, and the cleaning working pressure is 1.0MPa. After cleaning with chemical cleaners, rinse with water until nearly neutral.
将所述的超滤液浓缩得到相对密度为1.32~1.40(55℃)的浸膏,加入冰片,再加甘露醇30g、依地酸钙钠5g、蒸馏水5ml,上述组分混匀后,冷冻干燥,分装,即得。Concentrate the ultrafiltrate to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.32-1.40 (55° C.), add borneol, add 30 g of mannitol, 5 g of calcium sodium edetate, and 5 ml of distilled water. After mixing the above components, freeze Dry, sub-package, that is.
实施例六Embodiment six
原料药采用丹参162克,三七295克,冰片4克、人参138g。162 grams of salvia miltiorrhiza, 295 grams of notoginseng, 4 grams of borneol, and 138 grams of ginseng were used as raw materials.
将粗粉碎的丹参、三七和人参药材加至提取罐中,加5倍量水,煎煮2小时,滤过,滤渣进行第二次提取,加入4倍量水,煎1小时,滤过,滤渣弃去,合并滤液。滤液用截留分子量为50000的聚砜膜进行超滤,过滤方式采用错流过滤。超滤工艺的操作条件为:超滤的进液口压力为0.35Mpa,超滤的出液口压力比进液口压力低0.20kPa。超滤初期采用较低压力,然后慢慢升压;在超滤过程中,采用周期性压力波动,压力波动差为0.2Mpa。料液流速为3.0m/s,超滤过程中,采用周期性流量波动以便在膜通道内产生脉动流或不稳定流,流速波动差为2.0m/s,在超滤系统中间歇通入氮气,形成气液脉冲流,周期为2h通气一次,每次1分钟。料液温度为40℃,当料液原液被浓缩1/8时,再加水或稀醇溶液超滤2次,料液的PH值控制在7.5。反冲洗压力为2.5MPa,反冲洗周期为1.5h、反冲洗时间为10min。当将超滤组件并联使用交替反冲的方法时,其中一套或几套进行正常的超滤并分流出一部分滤液来反冲另一套或几套组件的超滤膜,间隔一段时间后交换进行,工作20min,反冲3min。化学清洗周期为2个月,化学清洗药剂为0.5%~4.0%氢氧化钠、1.5%氢氧化钠和2%次氯酸钠的混合溶液,pH值为10~12,清洗工作压力为1.0MPa。在用化学清洗剂清洗之后,再用水冲洗至近中性。Add coarsely crushed salvia miltiorrhiza, notoginseng and ginseng to the extraction tank, add 5 times the amount of water, decoct for 2 hours, filter, and extract the filter residue for the second time, add 4 times the amount of water, fry for 1 hour, filter , discard the filter residue, and combine the filtrates. The filtrate was ultrafiltered with a polysulfone membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 50,000, and the filtration method was cross-flow filtration. The operating conditions of the ultrafiltration process are: the pressure of the liquid inlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.35Mpa, and the pressure of the liquid outlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.20kPa lower than the pressure of the liquid inlet. In the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a lower pressure is used, and then the pressure is gradually increased; in the process of ultrafiltration, periodic pressure fluctuations are adopted, and the pressure fluctuation difference is 0.2Mpa. The flow rate of the feed liquid is 3.0m/s. During the ultrafiltration process, periodic flow fluctuations are used to generate pulsating or unstable flows in the membrane channel. The difference in flow rate fluctuations is 2.0m/s. Nitrogen is intermittently fed into the ultrafiltration system , to form a gas-liquid pulse flow, and the period is 2h to ventilate once, each time for 1 minute. The temperature of the feed liquid is 40°C. When the original feed liquid is concentrated by 1/8, add water or dilute alcohol solution for ultrafiltration twice, and the pH value of the feed liquid is controlled at 7.5. The backwash pressure is 2.5MPa, the backwash cycle is 1.5h, and the backwash time is 10min. When the ultrafiltration modules are connected in parallel to use the method of alternate backflushing, one or several sets perform normal ultrafiltration and part of the filtrate is flowed out to backwash the ultrafiltration membrane of another set or several sets of components, and exchange after a period of time Carry out, work for 20 minutes, recoil for 3 minutes. The chemical cleaning cycle is 2 months, the chemical cleaning agent is a mixed solution of 0.5% to 4.0% sodium hydroxide, 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 2% sodium hypochlorite, the pH value is 10 to 12, and the cleaning working pressure is 1.0MPa. After cleaning with chemical cleaners, rinse with water until nearly neutral.
将所述的超滤液浓缩得到相对密度为1.32~1.40(55℃)的浸膏,将此浸膏与冰片和适量的硬脂酸镁混合均匀,压制成片剂。Concentrating the ultrafiltrate to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.32-1.40 (55° C.), mixing the extract with borneol and an appropriate amount of magnesium stearate, and pressing it into tablets.
实施例七Embodiment seven
原料药采用丹参375g、三七118g、冰片8g、党参100g。The raw materials are 375g of Danshen, 118g of Radix Notoginseng, 8g of Borneolum, and 100g of Codonopsis pilosula.
用乙醇提取丹参和党参得到丹参和党参的乙醇提取液,用纱布将此提取液过滤,收集滤液。滤液用截留分子量为6000的二醋酸纤维素膜进行超滤,过滤方式采用错流过滤。超滤工艺的操作条件为:超滤的进液口压力为0.1Mpa,超滤的出液口压力比进液口压力低0.5kPa。超滤初期采用较低压力,然后慢慢升压;在超滤过程中,采用周期性压力波动,压力波动差为0.1Mpa。料液流速为1.0m/s,超滤过程中,采用周期性流量波动以便在膜通道内产生脉动流或不稳定流,流速波动差为1.0m/s,在超滤系统中间歇通入氮气,形成气液脉冲流,周期为0.5h通气一次,每次1分钟。料液温度为15℃,当料液原液被浓缩1/15时,再加水或稀醇溶液超滤1次,料液的PH值控制在5。反冲洗压力为0.15MPa,反冲洗周期为0.5h、反冲洗时间为1min。当将超滤组件并联使用交替反冲的方法时,其中一套或几套进行正常的超滤并分流出一部分滤液来反冲另一套或几套组件的超滤膜,间隔一段时间后交换进行,工作10min,反冲30sec。化学清洗周期为0.5月,化学清洗药剂为0.5%~4.0%氢氧化钠、1.5%氢氧化钠和2%次氯酸钠的混合溶液,pH值为10~12,清洗工作压力为0.05MPa。在用化学清洗剂清洗之后,再用水冲洗至近中性。Extracting Danshen and Codonopsis with ethanol to obtain ethanol extracts of Danshen and Codonopsis, filtering the extract with gauze, and collecting the filtrate. The filtrate was ultrafiltered with a cellulose diacetate membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 6000, and the filtration method was cross-flow filtration. The operating conditions of the ultrafiltration process are: the pressure of the liquid inlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.1Mpa, and the pressure of the liquid outlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.5kPa lower than the pressure of the liquid inlet. In the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a lower pressure is used, and then the pressure is gradually increased; in the process of ultrafiltration, periodic pressure fluctuations are used, and the pressure fluctuation difference is 0.1Mpa. The flow rate of the feed liquid is 1.0m/s. During the ultrafiltration process, periodic flow fluctuations are used to generate pulsating flow or unstable flow in the membrane channel. The difference in flow rate fluctuations is 1.0m/s. Nitrogen is intermittently fed into the ultrafiltration system , to form a gas-liquid pulse flow, and the period is 0.5h to ventilate once, each time for 1 minute. The temperature of the feed liquid is 15°C. When the original feed liquid is concentrated by 1/15, add water or dilute alcohol solution for ultrafiltration once, and the pH value of the feed liquid is controlled at 5. The backwash pressure is 0.15MPa, the backwash cycle is 0.5h, and the backwash time is 1min. When the ultrafiltration modules are connected in parallel to use the method of alternate backflushing, one or several sets perform normal ultrafiltration and part of the filtrate is flowed out to backwash the ultrafiltration membrane of another set or several sets of components, and exchange after a period of time Carry out, work for 10min, recoil for 30sec. The chemical cleaning cycle is 0.5 months, the chemical cleaning agent is a mixed solution of 0.5%-4.0% sodium hydroxide, 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 2% sodium hypochlorite, the pH value is 10-12, and the cleaning working pressure is 0.05MPa. After cleaning with chemical cleaners, rinse with water until nearly neutral.
将所述的超滤液浓缩得到相对密度为1.35~1.39(55℃)的浸膏。将三七粉碎成细粉,与上述浸膏拌均,干燥,制成颗粒。将冰片研细,与上述颗粒混均,压制成1000片,或包糖衣,即得。Concentrating the ultrafiltrate to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.35-1.39 (55° C.). Crush notoginseng into fine powder, mix with the above extract, dry and make granules. Grind the borneol finely, mix it with the above granules, press it into 1000 pieces, or coat it with sugar.
实施例八Embodiment Eight
原料药采用丹参465g、三七30g、冰片8g、党参85g。The raw materials are 465g of Danshen, 30g of Panax notoginseng, 8g of borneol, and 85g of Codonopsis pilosula.
用乙醇提取丹参和党参得到丹参和党参的乙醇提取液,用陶瓷膜进行微滤,收集滤液。滤液用截留分子量为80000的聚砜膜进行超滤,过滤方式采用死端过滤。超滤工艺的操作条件为:超滤的进液口压力为0.5Mpa,超滤的出液口压力比进液口压力低0.25kPa。超滤初期采用较低压力,然后慢慢升压;在超滤过程中,采用周期性压力波动,压力波动差为0.2Mpa。料液流速为4.0m/s,超滤过程中,采用周期性流量波动以便在膜通道内产生脉动流或不稳定流,流速波动差为2.0m/s,在超滤系统中间歇通入氮气,形成气液脉冲流,周期为2h通气一次,每次1分钟。料液温度为50℃,当料液原液被浓缩1/5时,再加水或稀醇溶液超滤2次,料液的PH值控制在9。反冲洗压力为2.5MPa,反冲洗周期为1.5h、反冲洗时间为10min。当将超滤组件并联使用交替反冲的方法时,其中一套或几套进行正常的超滤并分流出一部分滤液来反冲另一套或几套组件的超滤膜,间隔一段时间后交换进行,工作20min,反冲3min。化学清洗周期为2个月,化学清洗药剂为0.5%~4.0%氢氧化钠、1.5%氢氧化钠和2%次氯酸钠的混合溶液,pH值为10~12,清洗工作压力为1.0MPa。在用化学清洗剂清洗之后,再用水冲洗至近中性。Extracting Danshen and Codonopsis with ethanol to obtain ethanol extracts of Danshen and Codonopsis, performing microfiltration with a ceramic membrane, and collecting the filtrate. The filtrate was ultrafiltered with a polysulfone membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 80,000, and the filtration method was dead-end filtration. The operating conditions of the ultrafiltration process are: the pressure of the liquid inlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.5Mpa, and the pressure of the liquid outlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.25kPa lower than the pressure of the liquid inlet. In the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a lower pressure is used, and then the pressure is gradually increased; in the process of ultrafiltration, periodic pressure fluctuations are adopted, and the pressure fluctuation difference is 0.2Mpa. The flow rate of the feed liquid is 4.0m/s. During the ultrafiltration process, periodic flow fluctuations are used to generate pulsating flow or unstable flow in the membrane channel. The difference in flow rate fluctuations is 2.0m/s. Nitrogen is intermittently fed into the ultrafiltration system , to form a gas-liquid pulse flow, and the period is 2h to ventilate once, each time for 1 minute. The temperature of the feed liquid is 50°C. When the raw liquid of the feed liquid is concentrated by 1/5, add water or dilute alcohol solution for ultrafiltration twice, and the pH value of the feed liquid is controlled at 9. The backwash pressure is 2.5MPa, the backwash cycle is 1.5h, and the backwash time is 10min. When the ultrafiltration modules are connected in parallel to use the method of alternate backflushing, one or several sets perform normal ultrafiltration and part of the filtrate is flowed out to backwash the ultrafiltration membrane of another set or several sets of components, and exchange after a period of time Carry out, work for 20 minutes, recoil for 3 minutes. The chemical cleaning cycle is 2 months, the chemical cleaning agent is a mixed solution of 0.5% to 4.0% sodium hydroxide, 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 2% sodium hypochlorite, the pH value is 10 to 12, and the cleaning working pressure is 1.0MPa. After cleaning with chemical cleaners, rinse with water until nearly neutral.
将所述的超滤液浓缩得到相对密度为1.35~1.39(55℃)的丹参浸膏。将三七粉碎成细粉,与上述浸膏拌均,将冰片研细,与上述颗粒混均,加3%聚维酮乙醇溶液制软材,过18目筛制颗粒,60℃干燥30~45分钟,整粒,加入滑石粉,混匀,充于胶囊中,即得。Concentrating the ultrafiltrate to obtain the salvia miltiorrhiza extract with a relative density of 1.35-1.39 (55° C.). Crush Panax notoginseng into fine powder, mix with the above extract, grind borneol finely, mix with the above granules, add 3% povidone ethanol solution to make a soft material, pass through a 18-mesh sieve to make granules, and dry at 60°C for 30~ After 45 minutes, whole grains, add talcum powder, mix well, fill in capsules, and get ready.
实施例九Embodiment nine
原料药采用丹参260g、三七165g、冰片7g、党参170g。The raw materials are 260g of Salvia miltiorrhiza, 165g of Sanqi, 7g of borneol, and 170g of Codonopsis pilosula.
用乙醇提取丹参、三七和党参得到混合的乙醇提取液,将此提取液高速离心后分取上清液。将此液体用截留分子量为50000的聚砜膜进行超滤,过滤方式采用错流过滤。超滤工艺的操作条件为:超滤的进液口压力为0.35Mpa,超滤的出液口压力比进液口压力低0.20kPa。超滤初期采用较低压力,然后慢慢升压;在超滤过程中,采用周期性压力波动,压力波动差为0.2Mpa。料液流速为3.0m/s,超滤过程中,采用周期性流量波动以便在膜通道内产生脉动流或不稳定流,流速波动差为2.0m/s,在超滤系统中间歇通入氮气,形成气液脉冲流,周期为2h通气一次,每次1分钟。料液温度为40℃,当料液原液被浓缩1/8时,再加水或稀醇溶液超滤2次,料液的PH值控制在7.5。反冲洗压力为2.5MPa,反冲洗周期为1.5h、反冲洗时间为10min。当将超滤组件并联使用交替反冲的方法时,其中一套或几套进行正常的超滤并分流出一部分滤液来反冲另一套或几套组件的超滤膜,间隔一段时间后交换进行,工作20min,反冲3min。化学清洗周期为2个月,化学清洗药剂为0.5%~4.0%氢氧化钠、1.5%氢氧化钠和2%次氯酸钠的混合溶液,pH值为10~12,清洗工作压力为1.0MPa。在用化学清洗剂清洗之后,再用水冲洗至近中性。Extract Danshen, Panax notoginseng and Codonopsis pilosula with ethanol to obtain a mixed ethanol extract, centrifuge the extract at high speed and separate the supernatant. The liquid is ultrafiltered with a polysulfone membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 50,000, and the filtration method adopts cross-flow filtration. The operating conditions of the ultrafiltration process are: the pressure of the liquid inlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.35Mpa, and the pressure of the liquid outlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.20kPa lower than the pressure of the liquid inlet. In the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a lower pressure is used, and then the pressure is gradually increased; in the process of ultrafiltration, periodic pressure fluctuations are adopted, and the pressure fluctuation difference is 0.2Mpa. The flow rate of the feed liquid is 3.0m/s. During the ultrafiltration process, periodic flow fluctuations are used to generate pulsating or unstable flows in the membrane channel. The difference in flow rate fluctuations is 2.0m/s. Nitrogen is intermittently fed into the ultrafiltration system , to form a gas-liquid pulse flow, and the period is 2h to ventilate once, each time for 1 minute. The temperature of the feed liquid is 40°C. When the original feed liquid is concentrated by 1/8, add water or dilute alcohol solution for ultrafiltration twice, and the pH value of the feed liquid is controlled at 7.5. The backwash pressure is 2.5MPa, the backwash cycle is 1.5h, and the backwash time is 10min. When the ultrafiltration modules are connected in parallel to use the method of alternate backflushing, one or several sets perform normal ultrafiltration and part of the filtrate is flowed out to backwash the ultrafiltration membrane of another set or several sets of components, and exchange after a period of time Carry out, work for 20 minutes, recoil for 3 minutes. The chemical cleaning cycle is 2 months, the chemical cleaning agent is a mixed solution of 0.5% to 4.0% sodium hydroxide, 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 2% sodium hypochlorite, the pH value is 10 to 12, and the cleaning working pressure is 1.0MPa. After cleaning with chemical cleaners, rinse with water until nearly neutral.
将所述的超滤液浓缩得到相对密度为1.35~1.39(55℃)的浸膏。干燥,制成颗粒。将冰片研细,与上述颗粒混均,加适量的硬脂酸镁混合均匀,压制成1000片,或包糖衣,即得。Concentrating the ultrafiltrate to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.35-1.39 (55° C.). Dry and make granules. Grind borneol finely, mix with the above granules, add appropriate amount of magnesium stearate, mix evenly, press into 1000 pieces, or coat with sugar, to obtain.
实施例十Embodiment ten
原料药采用丹参490克,三七84克,冰片6克、党参60g。The raw material medicine adopts 490 grams of salvia miltiorrhiza, 84 grams of notoginseng, 6 grams of borneol, and 60 grams of Codonopsis pilosula.
将粗粉碎的丹参、三七和党参药材加至提取罐中,加5倍量水,煎煮2小时,滤过,滤渣进行第二次提取,加入4倍量水,煎1小时,滤过,滤渣弃去,合并滤液。滤液用截留分子量为6000的二醋酸纤维素膜进行超滤,过滤方式采用错流过滤。超滤工艺的操作条件为:超滤的进液口压力为0.1Mpa,超滤的出液口压力比进液口压力低0.5kPa。超滤初期采用较低压力,然后慢慢升压;在超滤过程中,采用周期性压力波动,压力波动差为0.1Mpa。料液流速为1.0m/s,超滤过程中,采用周期性流量波动以便在膜通道内产生脉动流或不稳定流,流速波动差为1.0m/s,在超滤系统中间歇通入氮气,形成气液脉冲流,周期为0.5h通气一次,每次1分钟。料液温度为15℃,当料液原液被浓缩1/15时,再加水或稀醇溶液超滤1次,料液的PH值控制在5。反冲洗压力为0.15MPa,反冲洗周期为0.5h、反冲洗时间为1min。当将超滤组件并联使用交替反冲的方法时,其中一套或几套进行正常的超滤并分流出一部分滤液来反冲另一套或几套组件的超滤膜,间隔一段时间后交换进行,工作10min,反冲30see。化学清洗周期为0.5月,化学清洗药剂为0.5%~4.0%氢氧化钠、1.5%氢氧化钠和2%次氯酸钠的混合溶液,pH值为10~12,清洗工作压力为0.05MPa。在用化学清洗剂清洗之后,再用水冲洗至近中性。Add coarsely crushed Danshen, Panax notoginseng and Codonopsis pilosula to the extraction tank, add 5 times the amount of water, decoct for 2 hours, filter, and extract the filter residue for the second time, add 4 times the amount of water, fry for 1 hour, filter , discard the filter residue, and combine the filtrates. The filtrate was ultrafiltered with a cellulose diacetate membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 6000, and the filtration method was cross-flow filtration. The operating conditions of the ultrafiltration process are: the pressure of the liquid inlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.1Mpa, and the pressure of the liquid outlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.5kPa lower than the pressure of the liquid inlet. In the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a lower pressure is used, and then the pressure is gradually increased; in the process of ultrafiltration, periodic pressure fluctuations are used, and the pressure fluctuation difference is 0.1Mpa. The flow rate of the feed liquid is 1.0m/s. During the ultrafiltration process, periodic flow fluctuations are used to generate pulsating flow or unstable flow in the membrane channel. The difference in flow rate fluctuations is 1.0m/s. Nitrogen is intermittently fed into the ultrafiltration system , to form a gas-liquid pulse flow, and the period is 0.5h to ventilate once, each time for 1 minute. The temperature of the feed liquid is 15°C. When the original feed liquid is concentrated by 1/15, add water or dilute alcohol solution for ultrafiltration once, and the pH value of the feed liquid is controlled at 5. The backwash pressure is 0.15MPa, the backwash cycle is 0.5h, and the backwash time is 1min. When the ultrafiltration modules are connected in parallel to use the method of alternate backflushing, one or several sets perform normal ultrafiltration and part of the filtrate is flowed out to backwash the ultrafiltration membrane of another set or several sets of components, and exchange after a period of time Carry out, work for 10min, recoil for 30see. The chemical cleaning cycle is 0.5 months, the chemical cleaning agent is a mixed solution of 0.5%-4.0% sodium hydroxide, 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 2% sodium hypochlorite, the pH value is 10-12, and the cleaning working pressure is 0.05MPa. After cleaning with chemical cleaners, rinse with water until nearly neutral.
将所述的超滤液浓缩得到相对密度为1.32~1.40(55℃)的浸膏,加入冰片,混合均匀,在间歇式流化床内与乳糖流化,干燥,制成颗粒,即得。Concentrate the ultrafiltrate to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.32-1.40 (55°C), add borneol, mix evenly, fluidize with lactose in a batch fluidized bed, dry, and make granules.
实施例十一Embodiment Eleven
原料药采用丹参242克,三七255克,冰片4克、党参100g。242 grams of salvia miltiorrhiza, 255 grams of notoginseng, 4 grams of borneol, and 100 grams of Codonopsis pilosula are used as raw materials.
将粗粉碎的丹参、三七和党参药材加至提取罐中,加5倍量水,煎煮2小时,滤过,滤渣进行第二次提取,加入4倍量水,煎1小时,滤过,滤渣弃去,合并滤液。滤液用截留分子量为80000的聚砜膜进行超滤,过滤方式采用死端过滤。超滤工艺的操作条件为:超滤的进液口压力为0.5Mpa,超滤的出液口压力比进液口压力低0.25kPa。超滤初期采用较低压力,然后慢慢升压;在超滤过程中,采用周期性压力波动,压力波动差为0.2Mpa。料液流速为4.0m/s,超滤过程中,采用周期性流量波动以便在膜通道内产生脉动流或不稳定流,流速波动差为2.0m/s,在超滤系统中间歇通入氮气,形成气液脉冲流,周期为2h通气一次,每次1分钟。料液温度为50℃,当料液原液被浓缩1/5时,再加水或稀醇溶液超滤2次,料液的PH值控制在9。反冲洗压力为2.5MPa,反冲洗周期为1.5h、反冲洗时间为10min。当将超滤组件并联使用交替反冲的方法时,其中一套或几套进行正常的超滤并分流出一部分滤液来反冲另一套或几套组件的超滤膜,间隔一段时间后交换进行,工作20min,反冲3min。化学清洗周期为2个月,化学清洗药剂为0.5%~4.0%氢氧化钠、1.5%氢氧化钠和2%次氯酸钠的混合溶液,pH值为10~12,清洗工作压力为1.0MPa。在用化学清洗剂清洗之后,再用水冲洗至近中性。Add coarsely crushed Danshen, Panax notoginseng and Codonopsis pilosula to the extraction tank, add 5 times the amount of water, decoct for 2 hours, filter, and extract the filter residue for the second time, add 4 times the amount of water, fry for 1 hour, filter , discard the filter residue, and combine the filtrates. The filtrate was ultrafiltered with a polysulfone membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 80,000, and the filtration method was dead-end filtration. The operating conditions of the ultrafiltration process are: the pressure of the liquid inlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.5Mpa, and the pressure of the liquid outlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.25kPa lower than the pressure of the liquid inlet. In the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a lower pressure is used, and then the pressure is gradually increased; in the process of ultrafiltration, periodic pressure fluctuations are adopted, and the pressure fluctuation difference is 0.2Mpa. The flow rate of the feed liquid is 4.0m/s. During the ultrafiltration process, periodic flow fluctuations are used to generate pulsating flow or unstable flow in the membrane channel. The difference in flow rate fluctuations is 2.0m/s. Nitrogen is intermittently fed into the ultrafiltration system , to form a gas-liquid pulse flow, and the period is 2h to ventilate once, each time for 1 minute. The temperature of the feed liquid is 50°C. When the raw liquid of the feed liquid is concentrated by 1/5, add water or dilute alcohol solution for ultrafiltration twice, and the pH value of the feed liquid is controlled at 9. The backwash pressure is 2.5MPa, the backwash cycle is 1.5h, and the backwash time is 10min. When the ultrafiltration modules are connected in parallel to use the method of alternate backflushing, one or several sets perform normal ultrafiltration and part of the filtrate is flowed out to backwash the ultrafiltration membrane of another set or several sets of components, and exchange after a period of time Carry out, work for 20 minutes, recoil for 3 minutes. The chemical cleaning cycle is 2 months, the chemical cleaning agent is a mixed solution of 0.5% to 4.0% sodium hydroxide, 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 2% sodium hypochlorite, the pH value is 10 to 12, and the cleaning working pressure is 1.0MPa. After cleaning with chemical cleaners, rinse with water until nearly neutral.
将所述的超滤液浓缩得到相对密度为1.32~1.40(55℃)的浸膏,加入冰片,再加甘露醇30g、依地酸钙钠5g、蒸馏水5ml,上述组分混匀后,冷冻干燥,分装,即得。Concentrate the ultrafiltrate to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.32-1.40 (55° C.), add borneol, add 30 g of mannitol, 5 g of calcium sodium edetate, and 5 ml of distilled water. After mixing the above components, freeze Dry, sub-package, that is.
实施例十二Embodiment 12
原料药采用丹参162克,三七295克,冰片4克、党参138g。The raw materials are 162 grams of Danshen, 295 grams of Radix Notoginseng, 4 grams of Borneolum, and 138 grams of Codonopsis pilosula.
将粗粉碎的丹参、三七和党参药材加至提取罐中,加5倍量水,煎煮2小时,滤过,滤渣进行第二次提取,加入4倍量水,煎1小时,滤过,滤渣弃去,合并滤液。滤液用截留分子量为50000的聚砜膜进行超滤,过滤方式采用错流过滤。超滤工艺的操作条件为:超滤的进液口压力为0.35Mpa,超滤的出液口压力比进液口压力低0.20kPa。超滤初期采用较低压力,然后慢慢升压;在超滤过程中,采用周期性压力波动,压力波动差为0.2Mpa。料液流速为3.0m/s,超滤过程中,采用周期性流量波动以便在膜通道内产生脉动流或不稳定流,流速波动差为2.0m/s,在超滤系统中间歇通入氮气,形成气液脉冲流,周期为2h通气一次,每次1分钟。料液温度为40℃,当料液原液被浓缩1/8时,再加水或稀醇溶液超滤2次,料液的PH值控制在7.5。反冲洗压力为2.5MPa,反冲洗周期为1.5h、反冲洗时间为10min。当将超滤组件并联使用交替反冲的方法时,其中一套或几套进行正常的超滤并分流出一部分滤液来反冲另一套或几套组件的超滤膜,间隔一段时间后交换进行,工作20min,反冲3min。化学清洗周期为2个月,化学清洗药剂为0.5%~4.0%氢氧化钠、1.5%氢氧化钠和2%次氯酸钠的混合溶液,pH值为10~12,清洗工作压力为1.0MPa。在用化学清洗剂清洗之后,再用水冲洗至近中性。Add coarsely crushed Danshen, Panax notoginseng and Codonopsis pilosula to the extraction tank, add 5 times the amount of water, decoct for 2 hours, filter, and extract the filter residue for the second time, add 4 times the amount of water, fry for 1 hour, filter , discard the filter residue, and combine the filtrates. The filtrate was ultrafiltered with a polysulfone membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 50,000, and the filtration method was cross-flow filtration. The operating conditions of the ultrafiltration process are: the pressure of the liquid inlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.35Mpa, and the pressure of the liquid outlet of the ultrafiltration is 0.20kPa lower than the pressure of the liquid inlet. In the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a lower pressure is used, and then the pressure is gradually increased; in the process of ultrafiltration, periodic pressure fluctuations are adopted, and the pressure fluctuation difference is 0.2Mpa. The flow rate of the feed liquid is 3.0m/s. During the ultrafiltration process, periodic flow fluctuations are used to generate pulsating or unstable flows in the membrane channel. The difference in flow rate fluctuations is 2.0m/s. Nitrogen is intermittently fed into the ultrafiltration system , to form a gas-liquid pulse flow, and the period is 2h to ventilate once, each time for 1 minute. The temperature of the feed liquid is 40°C. When the original feed liquid is concentrated by 1/8, add water or dilute alcohol solution for ultrafiltration twice, and the pH value of the feed liquid is controlled at 7.5. The backwash pressure is 2.5MPa, the backwash cycle is 1.5h, and the backwash time is 10min. When the ultrafiltration modules are connected in parallel to use the method of alternate backflushing, one or several sets perform normal ultrafiltration and part of the filtrate is flowed out to backwash the ultrafiltration membrane of another set or several sets of components, and exchange after a period of time Carry out, work for 20 minutes, recoil for 3 minutes. The chemical cleaning cycle is 2 months, the chemical cleaning agent is a mixed solution of 0.5% to 4.0% sodium hydroxide, 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 2% sodium hypochlorite, the pH value is 10 to 12, and the cleaning working pressure is 1.0MPa. After cleaning with chemical cleaners, rinse with water until nearly neutral.
将所述的超滤液浓缩得到相对密度为1.32~1.40(55℃)的浸膏,将此浸膏与冰片和适量的硬脂酸镁混合均匀,压制成片剂。Concentrating the ultrafiltrate to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.32-1.40 (55° C.), mixing the extract with borneol and an appropriate amount of magnesium stearate, and pressing it into tablets.
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