CN1317238A - 水田用农药组合物、其制造方法及其播撒方法 - Google Patents
水田用农药组合物、其制造方法及其播撒方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1317238A CN1317238A CN01117348A CN01117348A CN1317238A CN 1317238 A CN1317238 A CN 1317238A CN 01117348 A CN01117348 A CN 01117348A CN 01117348 A CN01117348 A CN 01117348A CN 1317238 A CN1317238 A CN 1317238A
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- pesticide
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- paddy field
- feature
- water
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- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1N1C=NN=C1S2 DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNWVFADWVLCOPU-MAUPQMMJSA-N uniconazole P Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1/C([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)=C/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YNWVFADWVLCOPU-MAUPQMMJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/12—Powders or granules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供的农药组合物,是直接投放到积水水田中进行散布的农药组合物,处理地点不残留农药活性成分,不受风吹而集中,具有优良扩散性的组合物。特别提供到目前为止难以做到的,含有常温下为液体的农药活性成分的散布省力的制剂,并且是以高浓度含有常温下液体农药活性成分的农药组合物。将含有常温下液体状的农药活性成分、中空体和表面活性剂的液状物担载在粒核上,将由此构成的粒状组合物用水溶性薄膜袋包装的水田用农药组合物,及这种农药组合物以每10a 5~20个直接向积水水田中播撒农药粒剂的方法。
Description
本发明是关于直接在水面上播撒的水田用农药组合物、其制造方法,以及其播撒方法。
现在作为农药制剂,已知有粒剂、粉剂、乳剂、水合剂、漂撒剂、粒状水合剂等。近年来,对农药播撒省力化,减少农药使用的呼声越来越高,要求改进农药用药剂的制剂形态。
在这样的状况下,近年来研究不直接投入水田,而是只从畦埂投入就能播撒的少量化制剂。这些制剂是以向水田不均匀播撒作为前提的制剂,为了得到良好的成分扩散性,希望有使农药活性成分漂浮在水面上进行扩散的制剂。
对于这种希望要求,虽然进行了大量的研究,但实际情况是没有得到足够满意的农药制剂。例如,公开了一种将含有杀虫农药成分的乳剂包装在水溶性薄膜内,在积水的水田中进行处理的方法(特公昭42-5240号),但存在的问题是处理后,农药成分大量地残留在投放地点的土壤中的问题。
在特开昭53-99327号中公开了一种制剂,是将农药活性成分浸含并保持在粒径0.1~10mm的合成树脂发泡体内,并用水溶性薄膜包装。而在特开平9-183701号中公开了一种制剂,是将农药活性成分担载并被覆在表观比重低于1,且粒径为0.3-1.4mm的浮石和烧成珍珠岩等粒核上,并用水溶性薄膜包装。由于一部分制剂沉降在处理地点的水底上,所以存在成分扩散性的问题。处理后,在合成树脂发泡体浮石和烧成珍珠岩等粒核上仍担载着大量的农药活性成分,不仅不能发挥期待的农药效果,反而,有时风吹聚集在一起产生药害。
进而,特开平11-228303号公开了一种农药组合物,在由水难溶或不溶性农药活性成分、表面活性剂、水和根据需要的补助剂形成的农药组合物中,添加中空有机粉末的水面施用悬浊状或乳悬浊状农药组合物,是直接向水田播撒的液体制剂。播撒农药的省力性要比水溶性薄膜包装制剂差,播撒时,有时附着在水稻上形成药害。
进而,这些老技术很难获得常温下含有液体农药活性成分的省力播撒制剂。
本发明的课题是提供一种组合物,是能直接向积水水田中投放并播撒的农药组合物,处理地点不残留农药活性成分,不会被风吹集中,具有优良的扩散性。另一课题是实现到目前难以做到的,常温下含有液体农药活性成分的省力播撒制剂。进而一个课题是常温下以高浓度含有液体农药活性成分的播撒制剂。
本发明者们经过大量研究获得了常温下以液体农药活性成分为有效成分的省力播撒制剂,结果发现,将农药活性成分与中空体和表面活性剂一起形成液状物,将其担载在粒核上后,用水溶性薄膜包装,不向水田投入而从畦埂投放就能散布,而且扩散性很好,并完成了本发明。
即,本发明提供的水田用农药组合物,特征是将常温下液体状的农药活性成分、中空体和表面活性剂担载在粒核上而构成的粒状组合物,用水溶性薄膜袋包装。
本发明提供的农药粒剂播撒方法,特征是向积水水田中,每10a直接投放5-20个上述水田用农药组合物。
进而,本发明提供上述水田用农药组合物的制造方法。
本说明书中所说的常温下液体状的农药活性成分,除了其自身在常温下为液状农药活性成分外,还包括常温下将固体农药活性成分在适当溶剂中溶解或分散的成分。
本发明的水田用农药组合物是将含有常温下液体状的农药活性成分、中空体和表面活性剂的液状物(以下称液状农药组合物)担载在粒核上而构成的粒状组合物,用水溶性薄膜袋进行包装。
这种水田用农药组合物中使用的农药活性成分,如上述,除了自身是液状的外,即使是固体,通过溶解或悬浊在溶剂中,以液状物也可以使用,所以一般讲作为农药用的,没有特殊限定,固体或液体状的任何一种都可使用,水难溶性或易溶性的也可以。作为这种农药活性成分,例如有除草剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂、植物成长调节剂等。特别是有利于水田施用的最好。
本发明中使用的农药活性成分中,作为常温下为液体的,可分别举出有,除草剂有2-甲基-4-氯苯氧硫代醋酸-S-乙酯(酚硫杀)、S-(4-氯苄基)N,N-二乙基硫代氨基甲酸盐(杀草丹)、S-苄基=1,2-二甲基丙基(乙基)硫代氨基甲酸盐(禾草畏)、S-乙基六氢-1H-氮杂-1-硫代碳酸酯(草达灭)、2-氯-2′,6′-二乙基-N-丁氧甲基)乙酰替苯胺(去草胺)、2-氯-2′,6′-二乙基-N-(2-丙氧乙基)乙酰替苯胺(丙草胺)、4-(4-氯-邻甲苯氧基)丁酸乙酯(MCPB乙酯);杀菌剂有O,O-二异丙基-S-苄基硫代磷酸酯(IBP),杀虫剂有O,O-二甲基-0-(3-甲基-4-硝苯基)硫代磷酸酯(MEP)、(2-异丙基-4-甲基嘧啶基-6)-二乙基硫代磷酸酯(二嗪农)、二甲基二碳烯氧乙基二硫代磷酸酯(马拉松)、O,O-二丙基-0-4-甲基硫代苯基磷酸酯(丙虫磷)、2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基-7-苯并[b]呋喃基=N-二丁基氨基硫代-N-甲基氨基甲酸酯(丁硫克百威)、乙基=N-[2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基苯呋喃-7-基氧羧基(甲基)氨基硫代]-N-异丙基-β-丙氨酸酯(丙硫克百威)、(RS)-α-氰基-3-苯氧苄基=(RS)-2,2-二氯-1-(4-乙氧苯基)环丙烷羧酸酯(乙氰菊酯)等。
本发明中使用的农药成分中,作为常温下固体农药活性成分实例,可分别举出,除草剂有2,4,6-三氯苯基-4′-硝基苯基醚(CNP)、α-(2-萘氧基)丙酰苯胺(萘丙胺)、5-(2,4-二氯苯氧)-2-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(甲羧除草醚)、S-1-甲基-1-苯基乙基=哌啶-1-硫代羧酸酯(哌草丹)、0-3-叔丁基苯基=6-甲氧基-2-吡啶基(甲基)硫代氨基甲酸酯(稗草畏)、(RS)-2-溴-N-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-3,3-二甲基丁酰胺(溴丁酰草胺)、2-苯并噻唑-2-基氧基-N-甲基乙酰苯胺(苯噻草胺)、1-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-3-(对甲苯基)脲(杀草隆)、α-(4,6-二甲氧嘧啶-2-基氨基甲酰氨磺酰基)-邻甲苯甲酸甲酯(苄嘧黄隆)、1-(2-氯咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基磺酰)-3-(4,6-二甲氧嘧啶-2-基)脲(咪嘧黄隆)、5-(4,6-二甲氧嘧啶-2-基氨基甲酰氨磺酰基)-1-甲基吡唑-4-羧酸乙酯(吡嘧黄隆)、2-甲硫基-4,6-双(乙氨基)-均三嗪(西草净)、2-甲硫基-4,6-双(异丙氨基)-均三嗪(扑草净)、2-甲硫基-4-乙氨基-6-(1,2-二甲基丙基氨基)-均三嗪(二甲丙乙净)、2,4-二氯苯基-3′-甲氧基-4′-硝基苯基醚(氯硝醚)、5-叔丁基-3-(2,4-二氯-5-异丙氧苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑啉-2-酮(噁草灵)、4-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-1,3-二甲基-5-吡唑基-对甲苯磺酸酯(吡唑特)、2-[4-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-1,3-二甲基吡唑基-5-氧基]苯乙酮(苄草唑)、(RS)-2-(2,4-二氯-间甲苯氧基)丙酰苯胺(稗草胺)、2-[4-[2,4-二氯-间甲基苯甲酰基]-1,3-二甲基吡唑基-5-氧基]-4′-甲基苯乙酮(吡草酮)、S,S′-二甲基=2-二氟甲基-4-异丁基-6-三氟甲基吡啶-3,5-二硫代甲酸酯(氟硫草定)、2-氯-N-(3-甲氧-2-噻吩甲基)-2′,6′-二甲基乙酰苯胺(噻醚草胺)、(R)-2-[4-(2-氟-4-氰基苯氧)苯氧基]丙酸正丁基酯(氟氰禾灵,シハロホップブチル)、3-[1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-1-甲基乙基]-2,3-二氢-6-甲基-5-苯基-4H-1,3-噁嗪-4-酮(氯噁嗪草)、3-(4-氯-5-环戊氧-2-氟苯基)-5-异丙叉基-1,3噁唑烷-2,4-二酮(戊噁唑草)、1-(二乙基氨基甲酰基)-3-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基磺酰基)-1,2,4-三唑(三唑磺,カフェンストロ-ル)、N-{[4,6-二甲氧嘧啶-2-基]氨基羰基]}-1-甲基-4-(2-甲基-2H-四唑-5-基)(四唑黄隆)、2-[(4,6-嘧啶-2-基)氧基]-6-[(E)-1-(甲氧亚氨基)乙基]苯甲酸甲酯(肟啶草)、4-(2-氯-苯基)-5-氧代-4,5-二氢-四唑-1-羧酸环己基乙基酰胺(叶枯酞)等;杀菌剂有3′-异丙氧-2-甲基苯甲酰苯胺(丙氧灭锈胺)、α,α,α-三氟-3′-异丙氧-0-甲苯甲酰苯胺(氟酰胺)、3,4,5,6-四氯-N-(2,3-二氯苯基)邻氨甲酰基苯甲酸(叶枯酞)、1-(4-氯苄基)-1-环戊基-3-苯基脲(戊菌隆)、6-(3,5-二氯-4-甲基苯基)-3(2H)-哒嗪酮(哒菌清)、N-(2-甲氧乙酰)-N-(2,6-二甲苯基)-DL-丙氨酸甲酯(甲霜灵)、(E)-4-氯-α,α,α-三氟-N-(1-咪唑-1-基-2-丙氧乙叉)-邻甲苯胺(氟菌唑)、[5-氨基-2-甲基-6-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基环己氧)四氢吡喃-3-基]氨基-α-亚氨基乙酸(春雷霉素)、有效霉素、3-烯丙氧-1,2-苯异噻唑-1,1-二氧化物(噻菌灵)、1,3-二硫戊环-2-亚基丙二酸二异丙酯(稻瘟灵)、5-甲基-1,2,4-三唑并[3,4-b]苯并噻唑(三环唑)、1,2,5,6-四氢吡咯并[3,2,1-ij]喹啉-4-酮(咯喹酮)、5-乙基-5,8-二氢-8-氧代[1,3]二氧戊环并[4,5-g]喹啉-7-羧酸(喹菌酮)、(Z)-2′-甲基苯乙酮=4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基腙4,5,6,7,-四氯苯并呋喃酮(嘧菌腙)、3-3,5-二氯苯基)-N-异丙基-2,4-二氧代咪唑烷-1-羧酰胺(异丙定)等;杀虫剂有N-甲基氨基甲酸1-萘基酯(NAC)、O,O-二乙基-O-(3-氧代-2-苯基-2H-哒嗪-6-基)硫代磷酸酯(哒嗪硫磷)、O,O-二甲基-O-3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶基硫代磷酸酯(甲基毒死蜱)、O,O-二甲基-S-(N-甲基氨基甲酰基甲基)二硫代磷酸酯(乐果)、O,S-二甲基-N-乙酰磷酰胺硫代酯(乙酰甲胺磷)、乙基对硝基苯基硫代膦酸酯(EPN)、2-仲丁苯基-N-甲基氨基甲酸酯(BPMC)、2-仲丁苯基-N-甲基氨基甲酸酯(BPMC)、2-(4-乙氧苯基)-2-甲基丙基=3-苯氧苄基醚(醚菊酯)、1,3-双(氨基甲酰基硫代)-2-(N,N)-二甲基氨基)丙烷盐酸盐(巴丹)、5-二甲基氨基-1,2,3-三硫己烷草酸盐(硫环杀)、S,S′-2-二甲基氨基三亚甲基二(苯硫代磺酸酯)(杀虫磺)、2-叔丁基亚氨基-3-异丙基-5-苯基-1,3,5,6-四氢-2H-1,3,5-噻二嗪-4-酮(噻嗪酮)等;植物生长调节剂有4′-氯-2′-(α-羟基苄基)异烟酰苯胺(抗倒胺)、(2RS,2RS)-1-(4-氯苯基)-4,4-二甲基-2-(1H-1,2,4,-三唑-1-基)戊烷-3-醇(多效唑)、(E)-(S)-1-(4-氯苯基)-4,4-二甲基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)戊-1-烯-3-醇(烯效唑)等。然而,本发明中使用的农药活性成分并不限定于上述。
这些农药活性成分可单独使用,或2种以上混合使用。合计农药活性成分的配合比率,相对100重量份水田用农药组合物,最好为0.1~70重量份。
本发明中,农药活性成分常温下为液状时可原样使用,但常温下为固体时,必须将其溶解或分散在溶剂中形成液体后使用。作为固体农药活性成分在溶解或悬浊用的溶剂只要是与溶质不反应的,可以使用农药制剂中常用的。作为具体的溶剂例,有酞酸二辛基酯、甲基萘、烷基吡咯烷酮、苯基二甲苯基乙烷、甘油、烷基二醇、二甲苯、煤油、甲烷系列烃、脂肪酸酯、多元酸等有机溶剂、硅油、使水溶性薄膜形成不溶水的足够量水溶性盐类的水溶液,进而还有上述在常温下的液体农药活性成分。这些溶剂的配合量,相对于100重量份农药活性成分,最好为10~200重量份。
本发明的水田用农药组合物中,必须含有中空体。该中空体能改善在粒核上担载农药活性成分而构成的以前制剂的缺点,即在处理地点一部分制剂产生沉降的问题,不需要配合过多的粒核或大量的有机溶剂,少量就能起到播撒制剂的作用。
本发明中可用的中空体,最好是以下形式的中空体,具有壳结构,具有单独气泡的、具有二个以上独立气泡的,即具有泡结构的任何物质都可以,最好是具有10~600μm粒径的无机物或有机物任何一种都可以,对此没有特殊限定。该中空体的粒径最好小于下述粒核的粒径。
作为该中空体的具体实例,有由白色砂质沉积层形成的发泡白色砂质沉积层颗粒,由铝硅酸盐烧成的余硅钙面(フィラィト),使硅酸钠或硼砂形成发泡的微空心球(micro balloon)、飞灰、浮石、陶瓷中空体等无机物、由酚醛树脂形成酚醛细球,由环氧树脂形成的空心球(ェコスフェァ-)、由聚氨酯形成的聚氨酯泡沫体、由偏氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物等形成的细小空心球等有机物。这些中,作为中空体使用细小空心球时,最好用水或碳酸钙、氧化钛等稀释5~10倍。
这些中空体,最好配合足够的量以使液状农药组合物的比重达到1以下,通常的配合量,对于100重量份组合物为0.3~30重量份,最好0.5~20重量份。
为了投放水田后,使农药活性成分形成良好的水中分散,本发明的水田用农药组合物可含有表面活性剂。作为可用的表面活性剂,可使用农药制剂中常用的表面活性剂。作为具体的表面活性剂实例,例如有聚乙二醇高级脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚、聚氧乙烯芳基苯基醚、山梨糖醇单烷基化物、乙炔醇和乙炔二醇及它们的环氧烷化物的加成物,等非离子性表面活性剂,烷基芳基磺酸盐、二烷基磺酸盐、木素磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐和它的缩合物、烷基硫酸酯盐、烷基磷酸酯盐、烷基芳基硫酸酯盐、烷基芳基磷酸酯盐、聚氧乙烯烷基醚硫酸酯盐、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚硫酸酯盐、聚氧乙烯芳基苯基醚硫酸酯盐、聚羧酸型高分子活性剂等阴离子性表面活性剂等,还有硅氧烷系表面活性剂、氟系表面活性剂。这些表面活性剂可单独使用,也可2种以上混合使用。
这些表面活性剂的配合比率,对于100重量份组合物,通常为0.1~30重量份,最好为0.5~20重量份,更好为2~10重量份。
在调制本发明的水田用农药组合物时,必须将液状农药组合物担载在粒核上。粒核是可担载液体农药组合物的固形基质。本发明中可用于担载液状农药组合物的粒核是非水溶性的固体担体,例如可使用浮石、蛭石、重晶石等矿物质,但稻皮、甘蔗、稻杆、麦杆、椰子、香蕉、竹、苇子、洋麻、玉米芯、木材等植物片,处理后,从经过一段时间会腐烂分解方面特别优选。
这些粒核,短径为0.1~10mm,松装比重最好在1以下。长短径比为1-20,这些粒核,对于100重量份组合物,通常为5~60重量份,最好10~50重量份。
本发明中除了上述必需成分外,作为根据需要的辅助剂,也可以配合使用通常在农药制剂中使用的增量剂、成分稳定剂、提高物性剂等。这些辅助剂,可以是固体的也可以是液体的,可以是水难溶性的也可以是易溶性的。作为这些辅助剂,例如有粘土类、碳酸钙、膨润土、滑石、硅藻土、硬脂酸钙、胶态硅石等矿物质细粉、硫酸铵、碳酸氢铵、硝酸铵、氯化铵、氯化钾、硫酸钠、硫酸镁、柠檬酸钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠等有机或无机酸盐类、柠檬酸、琥珀酸等有机酸类、蔗糖、乳糖、黄原胶等糖类、尿素等水溶性细粉等,对此没有限定。
本发明的水田用农药组合物的调制,是将上述液状农药组合物担载在粒核上形成粒状组合物,再用水溶性薄膜将其包装。作为本发明中使用的水溶性薄膜,是在水中能迅速溶解或分散的薄膜,作为薄膜的材质,例如有聚乙烯醇、聚氧聚烷撑二醇、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚丙烯酸钠、海藻酸、明胶、茁霉多糖(プルラン)、可溶化淀粉等,只要不是被上述液状农药组合物中的常温下液体状的农药活性成分溶解的,对此没有特殊限定。
所用水溶性薄膜的厚度没有特殊限定,最好20~100μm。也可以用相同组成或不同组成的水溶性薄膜进行多层包装。
调制本发明水田用农药组合物可按常规方法进行。例如,将常温下液体状的农药活性成分、中空体、表面活性剂和按需要加入常温下固体的农药活性成分,辅助剂进行混合,得到液状物或悬浊状液状物,通过向其中混合加入粒核,使这些成分担载在粒核上形成粒状组合物。接着,将其填充在水溶性薄膜中,以热封或粘接剂等进行密封,得到本发明的水田用农药组合物。这种情况,构成液状农药组合物的必需成分没有必要同时担载在粒核上,也可依次担载。例如,一开始将粒核加入混合到常温下液体状的农药活性成分中,接着向该混合物中加入含有中空体和表面活性剂的混合物,进行混合,使各成分依次担载在粒核上,得到粒状组合物后,将其用水溶性薄膜袋包装,最后得到本发明的水田用农药组合物。
作为另一方法,将常温下液体状的农药活性成分、中空体、表面活性剂和根据需要加入常温下固体农药活性成分、辅助剂,进行混合,形成液状物或悬浊液状物,再将其填充到水溶性薄膜中,加入粒核形成粒状组合物,用热封等进行密封,也可得到本发明的水田用农药组合物。这种情况,也可将填充顺序反之,首先填充粒核。
向上述水溶性薄膜片的填充,也可按照常法,例如将水溶性薄膜片折曲,用热封等形成袋状,填装粒状物等,将口部分用热封封住,得到本发明的水田用农药组合物。本发明的水田用农药组合物,每1个重量为10~200g。
本发明的水田用农药组合物的构成虽然如以上说明,但特别优选的构成,是对于100重量份组合物,将常温下液体状农药活性成分20~50份、具有气泡,粒径10~200μm的中空体5-20份、表面活性剂5-20份,作为必要成分而含有,将比重为0.6~0.9的液状物,担载在短径0.5-3mm、长短径比1-20,松装比重0.05-0.5的植物质粒核15-40份上,将这样的组合物按每袋25~50g包装在聚乙烯醇制水溶性薄膜中。
这样得到的本发明水田用农药组合物,向积水的水田中,从畦埂或水口处,每10a直接投放5~20个,以此进行使用。
本发明的特征是将配合了中空体的液状物担载在具有特定大小的粒核上,不使用大量的有机溶剂,或过量的粒核,由于能够形成浮在水面上的制剂,所以可得到少量散布制剂。
本发明的水田用农药组合物,当投放水田时,水溶性薄膜溶解,在粒核上担载含有常温下液体农药活性成分、中空体和表面活性剂的液状物所形成的组合物,不会沉降在水底,在水面上广泛分散,由于农药活性成分从粒核中脱离后分散于水中,所以能够在整个水田面上形成扩散、散布。
以下根据实施例和试验例详细说明本发明,但本发明不受这些实施例的任何制约。以下实施例中,份表示重量份。
图1是实验例2中使用的10m×10m水田,E点是水田用组合物的处理地点。
实施例1
将IBP51份、二嗪农12份、聚氧乙烯壬基苯基醚2.5份和木素磺酸盐4份进行混合后,再加入微空心球(粒径100~500μm)9.5份,再进行混合。将得到的悬浊液状物(比重0.91)和洋麻片(短径0.5~2mm、长径2~10mm、松装比重0.06)21份混合,得到粒状物,按每袋100g将其装入聚乙烯醇制的水溶性薄膜袋中,进行热封,得到本发明的水田用农药组合物。
实施例2
将杀草丹37.5份、MCPB乙酯6份、西草净11.3份、苯噻草胺11.3份、聚氧乙烯苯乙烯基苯基醚硫酸盐1份、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚硫酸盐1份、二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯0.2份和乙炔醇2份进行混合,得到悬浊液状物。将其和洋麻片(短径0.5~2mm、长径2~10mm、松装比重0.06)24.7份混合,再加入细小空心球MFL-30STI(粒径20~80μm)5份,混合得到粒状物。以每袋20g,将其装入聚乙烯醇制的水溶性薄膜袋中,用热封封住,得到本发明的水田用农药组合物。
实施例3
将杀草丹30份、苄嘧黄隆1.1份、苯噻草胺6份、聚氧乙烯烯丙苯基醚盐酸酯盐1.7份、二丁基萘磺酸金属盐2份和乙炔醇2.5份进行混合时加入微空心球MFL-30STI(粒径20~80μm)10份,进行混合,再将得到的悬浊液状物(比重0.8)和稻壳(短径1-3mm、长径4-6mm、松装比重0.11)46.7份进行混合,得到粒状物,按每袋50g,将其装入聚乙烯醇制的水溶性薄膜袋中,进行热封,得到本发明的水田用农药组合物。
实施例4
将杀草丹42.9份、苄嘧黄隆1.5份、苯噻草胺8.6份、聚氧乙烯烯丙基苯基醚盐酸酯盐1.7份、二丁基萘磺酸金属盐2份和乙炔醇2.5份进行混合,再加入微空心球MFL-30STI(料径20-80μm)2份和E-SPHERE S SL-125(陶瓷中空体;粒径100~125μm)8份进行混合。将得到的悬浊液状物(比重0.86)和洋麻片(短径0.5~2mm、长径2~10mm、松装比重0.06)30.8份混合,得到粒状物。按每袋35g,将其装入聚乙烯醇制的水溶性薄膜袋中,进行热封,得到本发明的水田用农药组合物。
实施例5
将杀草丹42.9份、苄嘧黄隆1.5份、苯噻草胺8.6份、聚氧乙烯烯丙基苯基醚盐酸酯盐1.7份、二丁基萘磺酸金属盐2份和乙炔醇2.5份进行混合,再加入微空心球MFL-30STI(粒径20-80μm)2份(陶瓷中空体;粒径100~125μm)8份进行混合。将得到的悬浊液状物(比重0.88)和洋麻片(短径0.5~2mm、长径2~10mm、松装比重0.06)30.8份混合,得到粒状物。按每袋35g,将其装入聚乙烯醇制的水溶性薄膜袋中,进行热封,得到本发明的水田用农药组合物。
实施例6
在己二酸二异癸酯21份中溶解氟氰禾灵3.8份,再将其加入三唑磺5.3份、杀草隆10份、苄嘧黄隆1.8份、聚氧乙烯基苯乙烯苯基醚硫酸盐1份、木素磺酸盐3份、乙炔醇2份和甲烷系列烃5份,进行混合,再加入陶瓷中空体(粒径100-125μm)14份,再进行混合。将得到的悬浊液状物(比重0.92)和洋麻片(短径0.5-2mm、长径2~10mm、松装比重0.06)33.1份混合,得到粒状物。按每袋35g,将其装入聚乙烯醇制的水溶性薄膜袋中,进行热封,得到本发明的水田用农药组合物。
实施例7
将咯喹酮24份、甲烷系列烃24份、聚氧烷撑烯丙基苯基醚硫酸盐2份和丁基萘磺酸甲醛缩合物3份进行混合,加入聚氨酯泡沫塑料(粒径200-400μm)15份,进行混合。将得到的悬浊液状物(比重0.83)34g装入聚乙烯醇制的水溶性薄膜袋中,接着装入重晶石(短径0.3-1.2mm、长径0.3~1.2mm、松装比重0.2)16g,进行热封,得到本发明的水田用农药组合物。
实施例8
将苄嘧黄隆1.5份、苯噻草胺24份、二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯2.4份、聚氧乙烯苯乙烯基苯基醚0.1份、丁烯马来酸共聚盐3份和己二酸异癸异癸酯25.5份进行混合时加入陶瓷中空体(粒径100-125μm)15份,再进行混合,将得到的悬浊液状物(比重0.89)和木片(短径1-3mm、长径4~8mm、松装比重0.12)28.5份进行混合,得到粒状物,按每袋35g,将其装入聚乙烯醇制的水溶性薄膜袋中,进行热封,得到本发明的水田用农药组合物。
比较例1
将杀草丹42.9份、苄嘧黄隆1.5份、苯噻草胺8.6份、聚氧乙烯烯丙基苯基醚盐酸酯盐1.7份、二丁基萘磺酸金属盐2份和乙炔醇2.5份进行混合。将得到的悬浊液状物(比重1.18)和洋麻片(短径0.5-2mm、长径2~10mm、松装比重0.06)40.8份进行混合,得到粒状物,按每袋35g,将其装入聚乙烯醇制的水溶性薄膜袋中,进行热封,得到本发明的水田用农药组合物。
比较例2
将苄嘧黄隆1.5份、苯噻草胺24份、二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯2.4份、聚氧乙烯苯乙烯基苯基醚0.1份和丁烯马来酸共聚盐3份进行混合,再加入陶瓷中空体(粒径100-125μm)15份,进行混合,将得到的粉体和木片(短径1-3mm、长径4~8mm、松装比重0.12)54份进行混合,按每袋35g,将其装入聚乙烯醇制的水溶性薄膜袋中,进行热封,得到农药组合物。
实验例1
水溶性薄膜的溶解时间:
将实施例1~8的本发明水田用农药组合物投放到20℃,水深5cm,张开2m×2m的水田中间,测定水溶性薄膜溶解,所包装的全部组合物零散地漂浮在水面的时间。结果示于表1。
表1
农药组合物 | 水溶性薄膜的溶解时间(分) |
实施例1实施例2实施例3实施例4实施例5实施例6实施例7实施例8 | 11.51.51.51211 |
根据该结果可知,实施例1-8的水田用农药组合物,水溶性薄膜在短时间内都溶解掉。
试验例2
成分的均匀性、土壤表层浓度:
将实施例4、5、8的本发明水田用农药组合物和比较例1-2的农药组成物,投放在图1所示水深5cm、10m×10m的水田E地点,并进行散布。散布24小时后,从图1中所示地点(A~I)采取水样进行分析,从理论上将农药活性成分均匀分散时水中的浓度取为100%,求出比率,并用平均值除各地点水中浓度的标准偏差,算出变化率。
在散布24小时后,在半径10cm、深5cm的范围内,采取各地点的地壤,并取一部分水,进行分析,从理论上将农药活性成分均匀散布时土壤中的成分浓度取为100%时,求出比率。试验期间的水温为20~25℃,从A点向I点,以2-5m的风速吹风。该结果示于表2和表3中。
表2
杀草丹(%) | 苄嘧黄隆(%) | 苯噻草胺(%) | |
实施例4A地点B地点C地点D地点E地点F地点G地点H地点I地点平均(%)变化率(%) | 65/4373/4068/3056/3155/3963/3565/4662/4059/3062.9/37.19.1/15.9 | 84/691/1090/1088/1191/990/792/1191/1096/790.3/9.035/20.8 | 42/5046/6148/5538/4049/4145/5537/6048/4145/3944.2/49.39.8/18.9 |
实施例4A地点B地点C地点D地点E地点F地点G地点H地点I地点平均(%)变化率(%) | 60/3159/3570/4474/3263/4759/4164/4060/3961/3863.3/38.68.4/13.7 | 90/1187/988/1087 /790/1093/1198/1091/794/1090.9/9.44.0/16.0 | 51/5046/4039/4144/3941/4451/5556/4144/6147/4046.6/45.711.5/17.2 |
实施例4A地点B地点C地点D地点E地点F地点G地点H地点I地点平均(%)变化率(%) | 91/888/1096/1091/1097/789/888/1186/1091/890.8/9.14.0/15.0 | 41/3950/4157/3846/5139/6044/4446/4046/5545/4546.6/45.911.3/16.9 |
注)表中有切号(/)的表示,是指(水中;%/土壤表层;%)。
表3
杀草丹(%) | 苄嘧黄隆(%) | 苯噻草胺(%) | |
比较例1A地点B地点C地点D地点E地点F地点G地点H地点I地点平均(%)变化率(%) | 42/3156/4260/3849/27236/264061/2654/4039/3647/2771.6/322786.8/269.3 | 84/491/690/1688/10197/96290/1292/391/896/12102.1/114.835.0/276.8 | 26/4135/4338/4431/21124/192340/2340/3436/3039/3645.4/243.965.6/258.2 |
比较例2A地点B地点C地点D地点E地点F地点G地点H地点I地点平均(%)变化率(%) | 86/884/991/1584/11201/84383/1386/1491/12103/45101.0/107.837.6/256.0 | 31/4930/4636/4039/49111/112248/4041/5151/5055/13449.1/175.750.4/202.7 |
注)表中有切号(/)的表示,是指(水中;%/土壤表层;%)。
如表2和表3所示,实施例4、5、8水中成分的均匀性、土壤表层浓度的均匀性都很好,但比较例1、2,水溶性薄膜包装的组合物的一部分沉降到水底,所以散布地点的土壤表层浓度极高,担心产生药害。
实验例3
在水田中实施本发明:
5月上旬,在20m×50m的水田中载植水稻(品种:ササニシキ),8天后,从畦埂大致均等地投放10个实施例5中得到的水田用农药组合物,处理后约1分钟水溶性薄膜溶解,进行包装的组合物没有沉降到水底,观察到漂浮在水面,并扩散。处理当天的风速为3-4m。处理1个月后调查结果,在没有播撒农药的水田中,看到长出野稗,矮慈菇、水芹、牛毛毡等杂草。播撒本发明水田用农药组合物的水田中没有杂草生长,也没有药害症状。
本发明的农药组合物,由于水溶性薄膜溶解迅速,包装组合物在短时间内扩散到水田内,即使直接投放到水田中随着风的吹动而散开。包装在水溶性薄膜中的组合物游动性很好,不会沉降到水底中,处理地点农药成分的浓度不会增高,其效果是农药成分均匀地扩散到整个水田面上。
Claims (12)
1.一种水田用农药组合物,特征是将常温下液体状的农药活性成分、中空体和表面活性剂担载在粒核上,再将由此构成的该粒状组合物用水溶性薄膜袋包装。
2.根据权利要求1记载的水田用农药组合物,特征是液体状的农药活性成分为其自身是在常温下为液状的农药活性成分,或者是将常温下为固体的农药活性成分溶解或分散在溶剂中而成的。
3.根据权利要求1或2记载的水田用农药组合物,特征是粒核的短径为0.1~10mm,且毛松装重在1以下。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项记载的水田用农药组合物,特征是液状组合物的比重在1以下。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项记载的水田用农药组合物,特征是中空体的粒径为10~600μm。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项记载的水田用农药组合物,特征是中空体的粒径比粒核的粒径小。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项记载的水田用农药组合物,特征是粒核为植物质。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项记载的水田用农药组合物,特征是每1个的重量为10~200g。
9.一种农药粒剂的散布方法,特征是将权利1~7项任何一项记载的水田用农药组合物,以每10a5~20个直接投放到积水水田中。
10.一种水田用农药组合物的制造方法,特征是将常温下液体状的农药活性成分、中空体和表面活性剂担载在粒核上,将其用水溶性薄膜进行包装。
11.一种水田用农药组合物的制造方法,特征是将常温下液体状的农药活性成分和表面活性剂与粒核混合,接着向该混合物中加入中空体进行混合,使各成分担载在粒核上,将其用水溶性薄膜袋进行包装。
12.一种水田用农药组合物的制造方法,特征是将含有常温下液体状的农药活性成分、中空体和表面活性剂的混合物,填装到水溶性薄膜袋中,接着向其中加入粒核,进行包装,使各成分担载在该粒核上。
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