CN1200039A - 可用作岐化超氧化物催化剂的、含氮大环配体的锰配合物的生物结合物 - Google Patents
可用作岐化超氧化物催化剂的、含氮大环配体的锰配合物的生物结合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1200039A CN1200039A CN96197626A CN96197626A CN1200039A CN 1200039 A CN1200039 A CN 1200039A CN 96197626 A CN96197626 A CN 96197626A CN 96197626 A CN96197626 A CN 96197626A CN 1200039 A CN1200039 A CN 1200039A
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Abstract
由右式表示的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的低分子量模拟物的生物结合物:其中R、R′、R1、R1′、R2、R2′、R3、R3′、R4、R4′、R5、R5′、R6、R6′、R7、R7′、R8、R8′、R9、R9′、X、Y、Z和n如本文定义,可用作炎症性疾病或病症的治疗剂,如缺血/再灌注损伤、中风、动脉粥样硬化和所有其它因氧化剂引起的组织损伤或损害的病症。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及可作为歧化超氧化物催化剂的化合物。本发明涉及含氮15元大环配体的锰(II)或锰(III)配合物,该配合物可催化歧化超氧化物。另一方面,本发明涉及与靶生物分子结合的、含氮15元大环配体的锰配合物。
背景技术
超氧化物歧化酶可催化超氧化物以方程式(1)的方式转变成氧和过氧化氢(下文称为歧化作用)。据推测超氧化物产生的活泼氧代谢物
与多种炎症性疾病如缺血心肌的再灌注损伤、炎症性肠病、类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、高血压、转移、牛皮癣、器官移植排斥反应、辐射引起的损伤、哮喘、流感、中风、烧伤和创伤的组织病理学有关。参见,例如Bulkley,G.B.,活泼氧代谢物与再灌注损伤:网状内皮功能的异常引发,柳叶刀,344卷,934-936页,1994.10.1;Grisham,M.B.,炎症性肠病中的氧化剂和自由基,柳叶刀,344卷,859-861页,1994.9.24;Cross,C.E等,活泼氧的类型与肺,柳叶刀,344卷,930-933页,1994.10.1;Jenner,P.,神经变性性疾病中的氧化性损伤,柳叶刀,344卷,796-798页,1994.9.17;Cerutti,P.A.,氧自由基与癌症,柳叶刀,344卷,862-863页,1994.9.24;Simic,M.G.等,生物学和医学中的氧自由基,基础生命科学,49卷,Plenum Press,New York and London,1988;
Weiss细胞生物化学杂志,1991 Suppl.15C,216摘要C110(1991);Petkau,A.,癌症治疗研究,13,17(1986);McCord,自由基生物医学杂志,
2,307(1986);Bannister,J.V.等,Crit.Rev.Biochem.,
22,111(1987)。上述柳叶刀中的参考文献讲述了超氧化物产生的自由基与各种疾病之间的关系。尤其是Bulkley和Grisham的文献具体讲述了超氧化物歧化作用与最终的疾病治疗之间的关系。
还已知超氧化物与内皮源性血管松弛因子(EDRF)〕〔已证实其为一氧化氮(NO)〕的断裂有关,而超氧化物歧化酶可以防止EDRF的断裂。这表明了由超氧化物产生的活泼氧类型在血管痉挛、血栓形成和动脉粥样硬化的病理学中的重要作用。参见,例如,Gryglewski,R.J.等,“超氧化物阴离子与内皮源性血管松弛因子的断裂有关”,自然,320卷,454-456页(1986)和Palmer,R.M.J.等,“内皮源性松弛因子的生物学活性是由于一氧化氮的释放引起的”,自然,327卷,523-526页(1987)。
对天然、重组和改性的超氧化物歧化酶的临床试验和动物研究已经完成或正在进行中,以证实降低超氧化物水平在上述疾病中的治疗效果。然而,使用酶作为潜在的治疗剂存在许多问题,包括缺乏口服活性、体内的半衰期短、非人源性酶的免疫原性以及组织分布不好。
为超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的低分子量模拟物的、锰的含氮15元大环配体的配合物可用作治疗剂并且避免了SOD酶所具有的许多问题。然而,需要能够将SOD模拟物指向所需的体内靶点,使化合物可以在此集中以达到最佳的效果。在缺乏使化合物具有靶向作用的方法时,有时需要增加剂量以便在所需部位达到有效的浓度。这种剂量的增加有时会在患者体内产生不利的副反应。
现已发现,本发明的大环或锰配合物可与一个或多个靶生物分子通过连接基团连接(即结合)形成靶生物分子-大环或钯生物分子-锰配合物结合物。
发明概述
本发明的一个目的是提供含氮十五元大环配位体的锰(II)或锰(III)配合物的生物结合物,它是低分子量过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的模拟物,可用作至少部分由过氧化物介导引起的炎症性疾病或病症的治疗剂。本发明的另一个目的是提供含氮十五元大环配位体的锰(II)配合物的生物结合物,它可用作磁共振成像(MRI)的造影剂,其可改善动力稳定性,氧化稳定性及氢键合作用。本发明的另一个目的是提供含氮十五元大环配位体的锰配合物的生物结合物,它可指向体内特异性部位。
根据本发明,提供了含氮十五元大环配位体的锰(II)或锰(III)配合物的生物结合物,其中(1)1-5个“R”基团经连接基团连接至生物分子上,(2)X、Y和Z之一经连接基团连接至生物分子上,或(3)1-5个“R”基团经连接基团连接至生物分子上和X、Y和Z之一经连接基团连接至生物分子上;生物分子独立地选自甾类、碳水化合物、脂肪酸、氨基酸、肽、蛋白质、抗体、维生素、类脂、磷脂、磷酸酯、膦酸酯、核酸、酶底物、酶抑制剂或酶受体底物,连接基团由从与“R”基团或X、Y或Z相连的取代基得到的,该基团对生物分子是活泼的,其选自-NH2、-NHR10、-SH、-OH、-COOH、-COOR10、-CONH2、-NCO、-NCS、-COOX″、链烯基、链炔基、卤化物、甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、tresylate、三氟甲基磺酸基和酚,其中R10为烷基、芳基或烷芳基,X″为卤化物。
发明详述
本发明涉及含氮十五元大环配位体的锰(II)或锰(III)配合物的生物结合物,它可催化将过氧化物转化成氧和过氧化氢的过程。这些配合物可用下式表示:
其中R、R′、R1、R1′、R2、R2′、R3、R3′、R4、R4′、R5、R5′、R6、R6′、R7、R7′、R8、R8′、R9、R9′独立地选自:氢、烷基、链烯基、链炔基、环烷基、环烯基、环烷基烷基、环烷基环烷基、环烯基烷基、烷基环烷基、链烯基环烷基、烷基环烯基、链烯基环烯基、杂环基、芳基或芳烷基,及与α-氨基酸的α-碳原子相连的基团;或者,R1或R1′和R2或R2′、R3或R3′和R4或R4′、R5或R5′和R6或R6′、R7或R7′和R8或R8′以及R9或R9′和R或R′和与其独立地连接的碳原子一起形成3-20个碳原子的饱和的、部分饱和的或不饱和的环;或R或R′和R1或R1′、R2或R2′和R3或R3′、R4或R4′和R5或R5′、R6或R6′和R7或R7′、以及R8或R8′和R9或R9′和与其连接的碳原子一起形成2-20个碳原子的含氮原子的杂环,其条件是,当含氮杂环为不包含与氮相连的氢原子的芳杂环时,在所说的式中氢原子与氮原子相连,氮原子也在大环中,且不存在与大环的同一碳原子相连的R基团;和其混合物;其中(1)1-5个“R”基团经连接基团连接至生物分子上,(2)X、Y和Z之一经连接基团连接至生物分子上,或(3)1-5个“R”基团经连接基团连接至生物分子上和X、Y和Z之一经连接基团连接至生物分子上;生物分子独立地选自甾类、碳水化合物、脂肪酸、氨基酸、肽、蛋白质、抗体、维生素、类脂、磷脂、磷酸酯、膦酸酯、核酸、酶底物、酶抑制剂或酶受体底物,连接基团由与“R”基团或X、Y或Z相连的取代基得到的,该基团对生物分子是活泼的,其选自-NH2、-NHR10、-SH、-OH、-COOH、-COOR10、-CONH2、-NCO、-NCS、-COOX″、链烯基、链炔基、卤化物、甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、tresylate、三氟甲基磺酸基和酚,其中R10为烷基、芳基或烷芳基,X″为卤化物。
X、Y和Z代表适宜的配位体或电中性的阴离子,它可从任一种单配位基或多配位基配位体或配位体体系或其相应的阴离子得到(例如,苯甲酸或苯甲酸阴离子,苯酚或苯酚阴离子,醇或醇阴离子)。X、Y和Z独立地选自:卤化物、氧代、水合阴离子(aquo)、配位羟离子(hydroxo)、醇、酚、二氧、过氧化离子(peroxo)、羟基过氧化离子、烷基过氧化离子、芳基过氧化离子、氨、烷氨基、芳氨基、杂环烷基氨基、杂环芳基氨基、胺氧化物、肼、烷基肼、芳基肼、氧化氮、氰化物、氰酸盐、硫氰酸盐、异氰酸盐、异硫氰酸盐、烷基腈、芳基腈、烷基异腈、芳基异腈、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、叠氮基、烷基磺酸、芳基磺酸、烷基亚砜、芳基亚砜、烷基芳基亚砜、烷基次磺酸、芳基次磺酸、烷基亚磺酸、芳基亚磺酸、烷基硫羟羧酸、芳基硫羟羧酸、烷基硫羟硫代羧酸、芳基硫羟硫代羧酸、烷基羧酸(如乙酸、三氟乙酸、草酸)、芳基羧酸(如苯甲酸、苯二甲酸)、脲、烷基脲、芳基脲、烷基芳基脲、硫脲、烷基硫脲、芳基硫脲、烷基芳基硫脲、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、亚硫酸氢盐、硫代硫酸盐、硫代亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、烷基膦、芳基膦、烷基膦氧化物、芳基膦氧化物、烷基芳基膦氧化物、烷基膦硫化物、芳基膦硫化物、烷基芳基膦硫化物、烷基膦酸、芳基膦酸、烷基次膦酸、芳基次膦酸、烷基三价膦酸(phosphinous)、芳基三价膦酸、磷酸盐、硫代磷酸盐、亚磷酸盐、焦亚磷酸盐、三磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、磷酸二氢盐、烷基胍基、芳基胍基、烷基芳基胍基、烷基氨基甲酸酯、芳基氨基甲酸酯、烷基芳基氨基甲酸酯、烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯、芳基硫代氨基甲酸酯、烷基芳基硫代氨基甲酸酯、烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯、芳基二硫代氨基甲酸酯、烷基芳基二硫代氨基甲酸酯、碳酸氢盐、碳酸盐、高氯酸盐、氯酸盐、亚氯酸盐、次氯酸盐、高溴酸盐、溴酸盐、亚溴酸盐、次溴酸盐、四卤锰酸盐、四氟硼酸盐、六氟磷酸盐、六氟锑酸盐、次亚磷酸盐、碘酸盐、高碘酸盐、偏硼酸盐、四芳基硼酸酯、四烷基硼酸酯、酒石酸盐、水杨酸盐、琥珀酸盐、柠檬酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、糖精酸盐、氨基酸、异羟肟酸、硫代甲苯磺酸盐,和离子交换树脂的阴离子,或一个或多个X、Y和Z独立地连接至一个或多个“R”基团的体系,其中n为0或1。X、Y和Z从中优选的配位体包括:卤化物、有机酸、硝酸盐和碳酸氢盐阴离子。
连接基团是由连接至“R”基团或X、Y和Z的特定官能基团得到的,其作用是连接生物分子至“R”基团或X、Y和Z上。该官能基团选自:-NH2、-NHR10、-SH、-OH、-COOH、-COOR10、-CONH2、-NCO、-NCS、-COOX″、链烯基、链炔基、卤化物、甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、tresylate、三氟甲基磺酸基和酚,其中R10为烷基、芳基或烷芳基,X″为卤化物。优选的链烯基为乙烯基,优选的链炔基为乙炔基。在“R”基团或X、Y和Z上的官能基团对生物分子是活泼的,即对甾类、碳水化合物、脂肪酸、氨基酸、肽、蛋白质、抗体、维生素、类脂、磷脂、磷酸酯、膦酸酯、核酸、酶底物、酶抑制剂或酶受体底物及其它有益靶向生物分子上的官能基团是活泼的。当与“R”基团或X、Y和Z相连的官能基团与生物分子反应时,该官能基团被改性,这种得到的官能基团即为连接基团。例如,当与“R”基团相连的-NH2官能基团如实施例1那样与甾类反应时,连接基团即为-NH-。具体连接基团的确定结构是本领域的技术人员显而易见的,它取决于具体的官能基团和所用的生物分子。和“R”基团或X、Y和Z相连的官能基团与生物分子的具体反应条件对本领域技术人员而言也是显而易见的。
用于形成连接基团的所述的官能基团在本文中称为“连接基团前体”,它可在制备大环时存在于“R”基团上,或它可在大环或其锰配合物制备完成后加入或改性。类似地,当制备锰配合物或进行轴向配位体(axial ligands)的交换反应以交换存在于锰配合物中的轴向配位体时,基团前体可存在于轴向配位体即X、Y和Z上。
本发明的大环可在与靶向生物分子结合之前或之后与锰配合,这取决于所采用的具体生物分子。大环配合物与靶向生物分子的结合物在本文中定义为“生物结合物”。
药物的靶向作用是本领域技术人员公知的。例如,可参见,核医学杂志(Journal of Nuclear Medicine),Vol.33,No.4,1992,558,以及J.A.Katzenellenbogen等,生物结合物化学(Bioconjugate Chemistry),1991,2,353。靶向剂通常是生物分子。本发明的生物分子为部位特异性的生物活性分子,即其可集中于其欲集中的特定器官或组织。选择生物分子以通过受体结合、膜缔合、膜溶解等来控制生物结合物的组织分布。例如,这些生物分子包括:甾类、碳水化合物(包括单糖、二糖和多糖)、脂肪酸、氨基酸、肽、蛋白质、抗体(包括多克隆和单克隆及其片断)、维生素、类脂、磷脂、磷酸酯、膦酸酯、核酸、酶底物、酶抑制剂或酶受体底物。生物分子也包括上述生物分子组合的生物分子,如甾类与碳水化合物的组合,例如,毛地黄皂苷。
可用于靶向所希望的器官或组织的特定生物分子在本领域中是公知的,也是本领域技术人员显而易见的。本发明的生物分子可商购,本领域的技术人员也可采用常规方法易于制得。
优选与位于大环中氮原子之间的碳原子相连的“R”基团大多具有一个经连接基团相连的生物分子。此外,优选的化合物应具有1-5个,最好为1-2个与生物分子相连的“R”基团且无与生物分子相连的X、Y和Z,或者,应具有与生物分子相连的X、Y和Z中之一且无与生物分子相连的“R”基团。
优选的化合物为这样一些化合物,其中,除了与生物分子相连的“R”基团外,至少1个,优选至少2个“R”基团为烷基、环烷基烷基和芳烷基,而其余的未与生物分子相连的“R”基团为氢,饱和、部分饱和或不饱和环或含氮杂环。其它优选的化合物为这样一些化合物,其中至少1个,优选2个R1或R1′和R2或R2′、R3或R3′和R4或R4′、R5或R5′和R6或R6′、R7或R7′和R8或R8′以及R9或R9′和R或R′和与其相连的碳原子一起为3-20个碳原子的饱和、部分饱和或不饱和的环,而除了经连接基团与生物分子相连的“R”基团外,其余的“R”基团为氢,含氮杂环或烷基;优选的化合物还可为这样一些化合物,其中至少1个,优选2个R或R′和R1或R1′、R2或R2′和R3或R3′、R4或R4′和R5或R5′、R6或R6′和R7或R7′、R8或R8′和R9或R9′和与其相连的碳原子一起为2-20个碳原子的含氮杂环,而除了经连接基团与生物分子相连的“R”基团外,其余的“R”基团独立地选自氢,饱和、部分饱和或不饱和的环或烷基。
本文中,“R”基团是指所有的与大环的碳原子相连的R基团,即R、R′、R1、R1′、R2、R2′、R3、R3′、R4、R4′、R5、R5′、R6、R6′、R7、R7′、R8、R8′、R9和R9′。
本发明的另一个实施方案为一种用于歧化超氧化物的单位剂量的药物组合物,包含(a)治疗或预防有效量的如上所述的配合物;和(b)无毒的可药用载体、助剂或赋形剂。
一般可接受的锰基SOD酶的作用机理涉及在两种氧化态(II,III)之间锰中心的循环。参见,J.V.Bannister,W.H.Bannister and G.Rotilio,Crit.Rev.Biochem.,
22,111-180(1987)。
1)
1)
在pH=7时,O2/O2-和HO2/H2O2对的标准氧化还原电势分别为-0.33v和0.87v。参见,A.E.G.Cass,金属蛋白质(Metalloproteins):Part 1,Metal Proteins with Redox Roles,ed.P.Harrison,P.121.VerlagChemie(Weinheim,GDR)(1985)。对于上述讨论的机理,这些电势要求假定的SOD催化剂也能迅速地在-0.33v和0.87v间进行氧化态的变化。
本文中由Mn(II)和C-取代[15]ane N5配位体得到的配合物全具备使用循环伏安计测量其氧化还原电势的特征。本文所述的C-取代的配合物具有约+0.7v(SHE)的可逆氧化。库仑计表明,该氧化态为单电子过程(one-electron process);也就是说,是Mn(II)至Mn(III)配合物的氧化。因此,对于这些用作SOD催化剂的配合物而言,Mn(III)氧化态包括在催化循环中。这意味着,所有这些配位体的Mn(III)配合物均构成了SOD催化剂的相同成分,因此,当超氧化物存在时,不论其为何种形式(Mn(II)或Mn(III)),这是因为超氧化物将简单地还原Mn(III)成Mn(II)和放出氧。
本文中,以单独或组合形式出现的术语“烷基”是指1-约22个碳原子,优选约1-18个碳原子,最好为约1-12个碳原子的直链或支链的烷基,它可选择性地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基选自:
其中,R32和R33独立地选自氢、烷基、芳基或酰基,R34为烷基、芳基或烷芳基,Z′为氢、烷基、芳基、烷芳基、-OR34、-SR34或-NR40R41,其中R40和R41独立地选自氢、烷基、芳基或烷芳基,Z″为烷基、芳基烷芳基、-OR34、-SR34或-NR40R41,R35为烷基、芳基、-OR34或-NR40R41,R36为烷基、芳基或-NR40R41,R37为氢、烷基、芳基或烷芳基,X′为氧或硫,R38和R39独立地选自氢、烷基或芳基;
(2)-SR42,其中R42为氢、烷基、芳基烷芳基、-SR34、-NR32R33、
其中x为1或2,R44为卤化物、烷基、芳基、烷芳基、-OH、-OR34、-SR34或-NR32R33;
(4)-OR45,其中,R45为氢、烷基、芳基、烷芳基、-NR32R33、
其中,R46为卤化物、-OH、-SH、-OR34、-SR34或-NR32R33;
(6)下式的胺氧化物:
其中,F和G独立地为-OH、-SH、-OR34、-SR34或-NR32R33;
(8)-O-(-(CH2)a-0)b-R10,其中R10为氢或烷基,a和b独立地为选自1至6的整数;
(9)卤素、氰基、硝基或叠氮基。在上述定义烷基的取代基上的烷基、芳基和烷芳基可包含另一个取代基,但最好是无取代基。这些基团的实例包括但不限定:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、导戊基、己基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基、十八烷基和二十烷基。以单独或组合方式的术语“链烯基”是指具有一个或多个双键的烃基。其实例包括但不限于:乙烯基、丙烯基、1-丁烯基、顺-2-丁烯基、反-2-丁烯基、异丁烯基、顺-2-戊烯基、反-2-戊烯基、3-甲基-1-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1-戊烯基、1-己烯基、1-辛烯基、癸烯基、十二碳烯基、十四碳烯基、十六碳烯基、顺和反-9-十八碳烯基、1,3-戊二烯基、2,4-戊二烯基、2,3-戊二烯基、1,3-己二烯基、2,4-己二烯基、5,8,11,14-二十碳四烯基、9,12,15-十八碳三烯基。以单独或组合方式的术语“链炔基”是指具有一个或多个叁键的烃基。其实例包括但不限于:乙炔基、丙炔基(炔丙基)、1-丁炔基、-1-辛炔基、9-十八碳炔基、1,3-戊二炔基、2,4-戊二炔基、1,3-己二炔基、2,4-己二炔基。以单独或组合方式的术语“环烷基”是指包含3-约10个碳原子,优选3-约8个碳原子,最好为3-约6个碳原子的环烷基。其实例包括:环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基和全氢萘基。术语“环烷基烷基”是指被如上定义的环烷基取代的如上定义的烷基。其实例包括但不限于:环己基甲基、环戊基甲基、(4-异丙基环己基)甲基、(4-叔丁基环己基)甲基、3-环己基丙基、2-环己基甲基戊基、3-环戊基甲基己基、1-(4-新戊基环己基)甲基己基、1-(4-异丙基环己基)甲基庚基。术语“环烷基环烷基”是指被如上定义的另一环烷基取代的如上定义的环烷基。其实例包括但不限于:环己基环戊基和环己基环己基。以单独或组合方式的术语“环烯基”是指具有一个或多个双键的环烃基。其实例包括但不限于:环丙烯基、环己烯基、环辛烯基、环戊二烯基、环己二烯基和环辛二烯基。术语“环烯基烷基”是指被如上定义的环烯基取代的如上定义的烷基。其实例包括但不限于:2-环己烯-1-基甲基、1-环戊烯-1-基甲基、2-(1-环己烯-1-基)乙基、3-(1-环戊烯-1-基)丙基、1-(1-环己烯-1-基甲基)戊基、1-(1-环戊烯-1-基)己基、6-(1-环己烯-1-基)己基、1-(1-环戊烯-1-基)壬基和1-(1-环己烯-1-基)壬基。术语“烷基环烷基”和“链烯基环烷基”是指被如上定义的烷基或链烯基取代的如上定义的环烷基。其实例包括但不限于:2-乙基环丁基、1-甲基环戊基、1-己基环戊基、1-甲基环己基、1-(9-十八碳烯基)环戊基和1-(9-十八碳烯基)环己基。术语“烷基环烯基”和“链烯基环烯基”是指被如上定义的烷基或链烯基取代的如上定义的环烯基。其实例包括但不限于:1-甲基-2-环戊烯基、1-己基-2-环戊烯基、1-乙基-2-环己烯基、1-丁基-2-环己烯基、1-(9-十八碳烯基)-2-环己烯基和1-(2-戊烯基)-2-环己烯基。以单独或组合方式的术语“芳基”是指取代或未取代的苯基或萘基,取代基可选自:烷基、环烷基、环烯基、芳基、杂环基、烷氧基芳基、烷芳基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氨基、氰基、硝基、烷硫基、苯氧基、醚、三氟甲基等,苯基、对甲苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-叔丁氧基苯基、4-氟苯基、4-氯苯基、4-羟基苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基等。以单独或组合方式的术语“芳烷基”是指一个氢原子被如上定义的芳基取代的如上定义的烷基或环烷基,如苄基、2-苯乙基等。术语“杂环基”是指在环中包含至少一个除碳以外的其它原子的环状结构。其它原子通常包括:氮、氧和硫。杂环基的实例包括但不限于:吡咯烷基、哌啶基、咪唑烷基、四氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、喹唑啉基、异喹唑啉基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、吲哚基、咪唑基、噁唑基、噻唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基(pyridinyl)、苯并噁二唑基、苯并噻二唑基、三唑基和四唑基。术语“饱和、部分饱和或未饱和环(cyclic)”是指稠合环结构,其中环的2个环碳原子也是十五元大环配位体的一部分。环结构可包括3-20个碳原子,优选5-10个碳原子,也可包括一个或多个除碳原子外的其它原子。所述的其它原子最常用的是氮、氧和硫。环结构也可包含多于一个的环。术语“饱和、部分饱和或未饱和环状(ring)结构”是指一种环状结构,其中,1个环碳原子也是十五元大环配位体的一部分。环结构可包括3-20个碳原子,优选5-10个碳原子,也可包括氮、氧和/或硫原子。术语“含氮杂环”是指其中环的2个碳原子和1个氮原子也是十五元大环配位体的一部分的环状结构。环结构可包括2-20个碳原子,优选4-10个碳原子,可以是部分或全部不饱和或饱和的,也可在环的部分中包含氮、氧和/或硫原子,而它们并不是十五元大环配位体的一部分。术语“有机酸阴离子”是指具有1-18个碳原子的羧酸阴离子。术语“卤化物”是指氯化物或溴化物。
用于本发明的配合物的大环配位体可按照下述反应方案A所示的一般方法制备。因此,一种氨基酸酰胺被还原而形成相应的取代的乙二胺,所述的氨基酸酰胺为相应的天然或非天然产生α-氨基酸的酰胺衍生物。这种氨基酸酰胺可以是公知的氨基酸中的任一种的酰胺衍生物。优选的氨基酸酰胺为下述通式表示的那些:
其中,R是由D或L形式的氨基酸得到的,氨基酸如丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、半胱氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸,和/或非天然α-氨基酸的R基团,例如,甲基、乙基、丁基、叔丁基、环烷基、苯基、链烯基、烯丙基、链炔基、芳基、杂芳基、多环烷基、多环芳基、多环杂芳基、亚胺、氨基烷基、羟基烷基、羟基、苯酚、氧化胺、硫烷基、烷氧羰基烷基、羧酸和其衍生物、酮、醚、醛、胺、腈、卤素、硫醇、亚砜、砜、磺酸、硫化物、二硫化物、膦酸、次膦酸、氧化膦、磺酰胺、酰胺、氨基酸、肽、蛋白质、碳水化合物、核酸、脂肪酸、类脂、硝基、羟基胺、异羟肟酸、硫代羰基、硼酸盐、硼烷、硼氮烷(boraza)、甲硅烷基、甲硅烷氧基、硅氮烷(silaza),及其组合。最好为R是氢、烷基、环烷基烷基及芳烷基的那些。然后,二胺被甲苯磺酰化生产出二-N-甲苯磺酰基衍生物,它与二-O-甲苯磺酰化的三-N-甲苯磺酰化的三氮杂烷二醇(triazaalkane diol)反应得到相应的取代的N-五甲苯磺酰基五氮杂环烷。然后,除去甲苯磺酰基,在基本无水和厌氧条件下将形成的化合物与锰(II)化合物反应形成相应的取代的锰(II)五氮杂环烷配合物。当配位体或电中性阴离子即X、Y和Z为不能直接从锰化合物引入的阴离子或配位体时,具有这些阴离子或配位体的配合物可通过与通过使大环与锰化合物反应制备的配合物进行交换反应形成。
也可以按照下述反应方案B所示的一般方法,采用本领域公知的制备锰(II)五氮杂双环[12.3.1]十八烷五烯配合物前体的方法来制备本发明如下的配合物,其中R9和R2为烷基,R3、R3′、R4、R4′、R5、R5′、R6、R6′、R7、R7′、R8、R8′可为烷基、芳烷基或环烷基烷基,R或R′和R1或R1′与和其相连的碳原子一起结合形成含氮杂环。例如可参见Alexander等,无机核化学通讯(Inorg.Nucl.Chem.Lett.),
6,445(1970)。从而,将2,6-二酮基吡啶与三乙四胺在锰(II)化合物存在下进行缩合,得到锰(II)五氮杂双环[12.3.1]十八烷五烯配合物。在10-1000psi压力下,用氧化铂氢化锰(II)五氮杂双环[12.3.1]十八烷五烯配合物,得到相应的锰(II)五氮杂双环[12.3.1]十八烷三烯配合物。
也可以按照下述反应方案C所示的一般方法,采用二酰二氯制备用于本发明配合物的大环配位体。从而,在适宜的溶剂体系中将三氮杂烷甲苯磺酰化,得到相应的三(N-甲苯磺酰基)衍生物。用适宜的碱处理这种衍生物,得到相应的二磺酰胺阴离子。再用适宜的亲电子试剂对二磺酰胺进行二烷基化处理,得到二羧酸的衍生物。这种二羧酸衍生物经处理后,得到二羧酸,将其再用适宜的试剂处理得到二酰二氯。可采用多种方法中的任一种得到所要求的邻二胺。一种有用的方法是,在氯化铵存在下用醛与氰化物反应制备,再用酸处理,得到α-铵腈(alpha ammonium nitrile)。在酸存在下将得到的化合物还原,再用适宜的碱处理,得到邻二胺。在适宜的碱存在下用邻二胺与二酰二氯缩合形成三(甲苯磺酰基)二酰胺大环。除去甲苯磺酰基,将酰胺还原,形成的化合物再与锰(II)化合物在基本无水和厌氧的条件下反应形成相应取代的五氮杂环烷烃锰(II)配合物。
邻二胺通过所示路线制备(称为Strecker合成),当可从商业途径得到时,邻二胺是购买到的。可使用任何制备邻二胺的方法。
可用于本发明配合物的大环配体也可以通过以下所列的反应方案D中所示的吡啶二酰胺路线来制备。因此,可将含有两个伯胺的多胺化合物如四氮杂化合物与2,6-吡啶二甲酸二甲酯在适宜的溶剂如甲醇中缩合,形成以2,6-二甲酰胺的形式掺入了吡啶环的大环。将大环中的吡啶环还原成相应的大环中的哌啶环,然后将二酰胺还原并将得到的化合物与锰(II)在基本无水和无氧的条件下反应,形成相应取代的五氮杂环烷烃锰(II)配合物。
可用于本发明配合物的大环配体也可以通过以下所列的反应方案E中所示的二(卤代乙酰胺)路线来制备。因此,可将三氮杂烷烃在适宜的溶剂系统中甲苯磺酸酯化以形成相应的三(N-甲苯磺酰基)衍生物。将该衍生物用适宜的碱处理得到相应的二磺酰胺阴离子。通过将二胺与过量的卤代乙酰卤例如氯乙酰氯在碱的存在下反应来制备邻二胺的二(卤代乙酰胺),例如二(氯代乙酰胺)。然后将三(N-甲苯磺酰基)三氮杂烷烃的二磺酰胺阴离子与二胺的二(氯代乙酰胺)反应,生成取代的三(N-甲苯磺酰基)二酰胺大环。脱除甲苯磺酰基并将酰胺还原,然后将得到的化合物与锰(II)在基本无水和无氧的条件下反应,形成相应取代的五氮杂环烷烃锰(II)配合物。
可用于本发明配合物的大环配体,其中R1,R1′,R2,R2′是来自二氨基原料,R5,R5′,R7,R7′和R9,R9′可以是H或任何前述的功能基,可通过以下所列的反应方案F中所示的假肽方法来制备。可将下式所表示的取代的1,2-二氨基乙烷与任何氨基酸结合用于该方法,
其中R1,R1′,R2,R2′是上述产物大环配体中相邻碳原子上的取代基。二胺可通过本领域技术人员已知的任何常规方法进行制备。来自α-氨基酸的α-碳上取代基的大环中的R基团,即R5,R5′,R7,R7′和R9,R9′,可以来自氨基酸如丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、半胱氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸的D或L形式和/或非天然氨基酸上的R基团如烷基、乙基、丁基、叔丁基、环烷基、苯基、链烯基、烯丙基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、多环烷基、多环芳基、多环杂芳基、亚胺、氨基烷基、羟基烷基、羟基、苯酚、胺氧化物、硫代烷基、烷氧羰基烷基、羧酸及其衍生物、酮、醚、醛、胺、腈、卤素、硫醇、亚砜、砜、磺酸、硫化物、二硫化物、膦酸、次膦酸、膦氧化物、磺酰胺、酰胺、氨基酸、肽、蛋白质、碳水化合物、核酸、脂肪酸、类脂、硝基、羟胺、异羟肟酸、硫代羰基、硼酸酯、硼烷、硼氮烷、甲硅烷基、甲硅烷氧基、硅氮烷及其组合。例如,将1,8-二羟基,4,5-二氨基辛烷进行单甲苯磺酸酯化并与Boc酸酐反应得到N-Boc,N-甲苯磺酸酯衍生物。用氢化钠作为碱将磺酰胺用溴乙酸甲酯烷基化并皂化成游离酸。用含有N-甲苯磺酰基甘氨酸的二胺作为标准固相肽合成中的二肽代用品。因此,与功能基化的氨基酸酯偶联得到相应的假-三肽。经两次顺序TFA裂解-偶联得到假-五肽,可将其用HCl/AcOH在一步中进行N-和C-末端脱质子。经DPPA介导的环化并随后用LiAlH4或硼烷还原得到相应的大环配体。将该配体系统与锰(II)化合物,如氯化锰(II)在基本无氧的条件下反应形成相应的功能基化的锰(II)五氮杂环烷烃配合物。当配体或中和电荷的阴离子,即X、Y和Z是不能从锰化合物直接引入的阴离子或配体时,带有这些阴离子或配体的配合物可用大环与锰化合物反应而制得的配合物经交换反应形成。
可用于本发明配合物的大环配体,其中R1,R1′,R3,R3′,R5,R5′,R7,R7′,R9和R9′可以是H或任何前述的官能基,可通过以下所列的反应方案G中所示的一般肽方法来制备。来自α-氨基酸的α-碳上取代基的大环中的R基团,即R1,R1′,R3,R3′,R5,R5′,R7,R7′,R9和R9′如反应方案F中所定义。从相应的线性肽制备环状肽前体的方法与本领域已知的方法相同或是其明显的改性方法。参见,例如Veber,D.F.等,有机化学杂志,
44,3101(1979)。反应方案G中所列的一般方法是使用序列液相法从N-末端到C-末端制备功能基化的线性五肽的例子。或者,可使用本领域已知的方法通过固相制备来完成制备线性五肽的反应顺序。反应顺序可从C-末端向N-末端并随需要通过汇集方法如二和三肽的偶联来进行。于是,将Boc-保护的氨基酸与氨基酸酯用标准的肽偶联试剂进行偶联。然后将新的Boc-二肽酯皂化形成游离酸并将其与另一个氨基酸酯再次进行偶联。再次将得到的Boc-三肽酯皂化并继续该方法直至制得-保护的五肽游离酸。在标准条件下脱除Boc保护基并将得到的五肽或其盐转变成环状五肽。然后用氢化锂铝或硼烷将环状五肽还原成五氮杂环十五烷。然后将最终的配体与锰(II)化合物在基本无氧的条件下反应形成相应的锰(II)五氮杂环十五烷配合物。当配体或中和电荷的阴离子,即X、Y和Z是不能从锰化合物直接引入的阴离子或配体时,带有这些阴离子或配体的配合物可用大环与锰化合物反应而制得的配合物经交换反应形成。方案B方案C方案D方案E方案F方案F(续)方案G方案G(续)
本发明的五氮杂大环可带有一个或多个不对称碳原子,因此能够以光学异构体的形式以及外消旋体或其非外消旋体混合物的形式存在。可根据常规方法,例如通过用光学活性的酸处理以形成非对映异构的盐来拆分外消旋混合物而得到光学异构体。适宜酸的例子是酒石酸、二乙酰基酒石酸、二苯甲酰基酒石酸、甲苯酰基酒石酸和樟脑磺酸,然后通过结晶将非对映异构体混合物分离并随后从这些盐中释放出光学活性的碱。分离光学异构体的另一种方法包括使用最佳选择的手性色谱柱以最大程度地分离对映体。另一种方法包括将本发明化合物的一个或多个仲氨基与光学纯的酸的活泼形式或光学纯的异氰酸酯反应合成共价的非对映异构体分子。可通过常规方法如色谱、蒸馏、结晶或升华将合成的非对映异构体分离,然后水解释放出对映体纯的配体。本发明的光学活性化合物还可以通过用光学活性的原料如天然氨基酸制得。
本发明的化合物或配合物是新的,可用于治疗多种炎症性疾病。例如,缺血器官的再灌注损伤,例如缺血心肌的再灌注损伤;外科手术导致的缺血、炎症性肠病、类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、牛皮癣、器官移植排斥反应、辐射引起的损伤、氧化剂引起的组织损伤和破坏、动脉粥样硬化、血栓形成、血小板聚集、中风、急性胰腺炎、胰岛素依赖型糖尿病、弥散型血管内凝血、脂肪栓塞、成人和婴儿呼吸窘迫、转移和癌形成。
本发明的化合物或配合物催化超氧化物歧化的活性可用停流动力学分析技术证实,参见Riley,D.P.,Rivers,W.J.和Weiss,R.H.,“用于监测超氧化物在含水系统中衰变的停流动力学分析”,
Anal.Bioehem,
196,344-349(1991),该文献引入本文作为参考。停流动力学分析是定量监测超氧化物在水中衰变速率的精确、直接的方法。停流动力学分析适用于对化合物的SOD活性进行筛选,如停流分析所示,本发明的化合物或配合物歧化超氧化物的催化活性与上述疾病的治疗有关。
对宿主以单剂量或多剂量进行给药的每日总剂量可以是,例如每日约1-约100mg/kg体重,更常用约3-约30mg/kg体重。单位剂量的组合物可含有这些剂量的几分之一以构成每日剂量。
可与载体材料混合制备单一剂量形式的活性成分的量取决于待治疗的宿主以及具体的给药方式。
用本发明的化合物和/或配合物治疗疾病时的剂量方案根据各种因素进行选择,所述因素包括患者的类型、年龄、体重、性别、饮食和医疗条件、疾病的严重程度、给药途径、药理学的因素如所用具体化合物的活性、效力、药代动力学和毒理学特性、是否采用了药物传递系统以及是否将化合物作为药物联合的一部分进行给药。因此,实际采用的剂量方案可以变化很大,从而可以偏离上述优选的剂量方案。
本发明的化合物可以以含有常规、无毒的可药用载体、辅料和赋性剂的剂量单位制剂形式,通过口服、胃肠外、吸入喷雾、直肠或局部给药。局部给药可能包括使用经皮给药如透皮贴剂或离子透入装置。本文所用的术语胃肠外包括皮下注射、静脉内注射、肌肉内注射、胸骨内注射或输液的方法。
可注射制剂,如无菌可注射的含水或油悬浮液可根据现有技术用适宜的分散剂或湿润剂和悬浮剂来配制。无菌可注射制剂还可以是在胃肠外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中形成的无菌可注射溶液或悬浮液,例如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。在可接受的赋性剂或溶剂中,可使用的是水、Ringer’s溶液以及等渗的氯化钠溶液。此外,还常用无菌的固定油作为溶剂或悬浮溶媒。为此可使用任何品牌的固定油,包括合成的单或二甘油酯。此外,脂肪酸如油酸也可用于可注射制剂。
用于直肠给药的药物栓剂可通过将药物与适宜的无刺激性的赋性剂如可可脂和聚乙二醇混合进行制备,所述赋性剂在常温下为固体而在直肠温度下为液体,从而可以在直肠内溶解并释放药物。
用于口服给药的固体剂型包括胶囊、片剂、丸剂、粉末剂、颗粒剂和凝胶。在这些固体剂型中,可将活性化合物与至少一种惰性稀释剂如蔗糖、乳糖或淀粉混合。根据一般实践,这些剂型还可以含有除惰性稀释剂以外的物质,例如润滑剂如硬脂酸镁。在胶囊、片剂和丸剂的情况下,所述剂型还可以含有缓冲剂。片剂和丸剂还可以用肠溶包衣来制备。
用于口服给药的液体剂型包括含本领域常用惰性稀释剂如水的可药用乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆和酏剂。这些组合物还可以含有辅料如湿润剂、乳滑剂和悬浮剂,以及甜味剂、矫味剂和芳香剂。
尽管可将本发明的化合物以单一的活性药物进行给药,但也可以将它们用于和一种或多种已知对预治疗的具体疾病有效的化合物联合给药。
还可将本发明的化合物或配合物用作MRI造影剂。有关造影剂在MRI中之用途的讨论参见专利申请08/397469,该文献引入本文作为参考。
以上对化合物和衍生物以及中间体所提出的通式的预期等同物是,与其相应的具有相同的一般特性的化合物如化合物的互变异构体,或是其中各种R基团中的一个或多个是其中所定义的取代基的简单改变,例如其中R是比所定义的更高级的烷基,或其中的甲苯磺酰基是其它氮或氧的保护基,或其中的O-甲苯磺酰基是卤化物。可使用带有不止一个电荷的阴离子如碳酸根、磷酸根和磷酸氢根代替带一个电荷的阴离子,只要它们不会对配合物总的活性产生不利影响即可。然而,使用带有不止一个电荷的阴离子会导致上述配合物通式的稍微改变。此外,当一个取代基被指定为氢或可以是氢时,则该位置上的非氢取代基如烃基或卤素、羟基、氨基等官能基的具体化学性质并不重要,只要它们不会对总的化学和/或合成过程产生不利影响即可。此外,预期锰(III)配合物与锰(II)配合物是等同的。
上述化学反应通常是以其在制备本发明化合物中最宽的应用而公开的。有时,反应可能不适合于本公开范围内的每一个化合物。当出现这种情况时,本领域技术人员很容易识别出这些化合物。在所有情况下,或者可以通过本领域技术人员已知的常规改进,例如适当地保护干扰的基团、改用另一种常规试剂、对反应条件的常规改进等成功地完成反应,或者可以采用本文公开的或其它常规的反应来制备本发明相应的化合物。在所有制备方法中,所有原料均是已知的或可以从已知原料方便制得的。
无需进一步解释,相信本领域技术人员可以根据前述说明书最大限度地应用本发明。因此,以下优选的具体实施方案仅仅是说明性的,并不以任何方式限定所公开的范围。
实施例
除非另有说明,所有的试剂均是直接使用购得的试剂而不进行纯化。所有的NMR谱均用Varian VXR-300或VXR-400核磁共振波谱仪测得。定性和定量质谱在Finigan MAT90、Finigan 4500和VG40-250T上用间-硝基苄醇(NBA)、间-硝基苄醇/LiCl(NBA-Li)测定。熔点(mp)未校正。
以下关于氨基酸及其保护基的缩写与IUPAC-IUB生物化学命名会议所推荐的(生物化学1972,11,1726)和常用的相一致。Ala L-丙氨酸DAla D-丙氨酸Gly 甘氨酸Ser L-丝氨酸DSer D-丝氨酸Bzl 苄基Boc 叔丁氧羰基Et 乙基TFA 三氟乙酸DMF 二甲基甲酰胺HOBT·H2O 1-羟基-(1H)-苯并三唑一水合物EDC·HCl 1(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐TEA 三乙胺DMSO 二甲亚砜THF 四氢呋喃DPPA 二苯基磷酰基叠氮化物
*缩写Cyc表示1,2-环己烷二胺(立体化学,即用R,R或S,S所表示的)。这允许在含有1,2-环己烷二胺“残基”的假肽中可以使用三个字母的肽命名。
实施例1 A.N-(对甲苯磺酰基)-(R,R)-1,2-二氨基环己烷的合成
-10℃下,向搅拌中的(R,R)-1,2-二氨基环己烷(300g,2.63mol)的二氯甲烷(5.00l)溶液中用7小时的时间滴加对甲苯磺酰氯(209g,1.10mol)的二氯甲烷(5.00l)溶液,保持温度在-5到-10℃。将混合物搅拌过夜使其升至室温。将混合物真空浓缩至体积为3l并滤除白色固体。然后将溶液用水(10×1l)洗涤并用硫酸镁干燥。真空蒸除溶剂得到286g(97.5%产率)黄色结晶固体状产物:1HNMR(CDCl3)δ0.98-1.27(m,4H),1.54-1.66(m,2H),1.81-1.93(m,2H),2.34(dt,J=4.0,10.7Hz,1H),2.42(s,3H),2.62(dt,J=4.2,9.9Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.77(d,J=8.3Hz,2H);MS(LRFAB-DTT-DTE)m/z 269[M+H]+.
B.N-(对甲苯磺酰基)-N’-(Boc)-(R,R)-1,2-二氨基环己烷的合成
向搅拌中的按照实施例1A制备的N-(对甲苯磺酰基)-(R,R)-1,2-二氨基环己烷(256g,0.955mol)的THF(1.15l)溶液中加入1N氢氧化钠水溶液(1.15l,1.15mol)。然后加入碳酸二叔丁基酯(di-t-butyldicarbonate)(229g,1.05mol)并将得到的混合物搅拌过夜。分层,将水层用1N HCl调至pH2并用氯化钠饱和。然后将水溶液用二氯甲烷(2×500ml)提取,将提取液与THF层合并并用硫酸镁干燥。真空蒸除溶剂得到黄色固体。将粗产物用THF-乙醚-己烷混合物结晶进行纯化,得到310g(88.1%产率)白色结晶固体状产物:mp:137-139℃;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.04-1.28(m,4H),1.44(s,9H),1.61-1.69(m,2H),1.94-2.01(m,2H),2.43(s,3H),2.86(brs,1H),3.30(br d,J=9.6Hz,1H),4.37(br d,J-6.7Hz,1H),5.48(br d,J=4.6Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=9.7Hz,2H),7.73(d,J=8.1Hz,2H);MS(LRFAB,NBA-Li)m/z 375[M+Li]+.
C.(Boc)-(R,R)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-OMe的合成
0℃下,向搅拌中的按照实施例1B制备的N-(对甲苯磺酰基)-N’-(Boc)-(R,R)-1,2-二氨基环己烷(310g,0.841mol)的无水DMF(3.11l)溶液中分批加入NaH(37.4g,60%的油分散体,0.934mol)并将得到的混合物搅拌30分钟。然后在45分钟内滴加溴乙酸甲酯(142g,0.925mol)并将该混合物搅拌过夜使其升至室温。搅拌17小时后,真空蒸除溶剂并将残余物溶于乙酸乙酯(3l)和水(1l)、将乙酸乙酯溶液用饱和碳酸氢钠(1升)、饱和氯化钠(500毫升)洗涤并用硫酸镁干燥。真空蒸除溶剂并将得到的油溶于乙醚。加入己烷形成结晶,得到364g(98%产率)无色针状产物(TLC(98∶2氯仿-甲醇/硅胶/UV检测)表明产物中含有约5%的原料):纯净样品的mp 151-152℃;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.11-1.22(m,4
H),1.45(s,9H),1.64-1.70(m,3H),2.16-2.19(m,
1H),2.43(s,3H),3.34-3.40(m,2H),3.68(s,3
H),4.06(ABq,J=18.5Hz,Δυ=155Hz,2H),4.77(br
s1H),7.30(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.82(d,J=8.3Hz,
2H);MS(LRFAB,DTT-DTE)m/z 441[M+H]+.
D.(Boc)-(R,R)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-OH的合成
向搅拌中的按照实施例1C制备的不纯的(Boc)-(R,R)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Ome(217g,0.492mol)的甲醇(1.05l)溶液中缓慢加入2.5N氢氧化钠水溶液(295ml,0.737mol)并将得到的溶液搅拌2小时。真空蒸除溶剂并将残余物溶于水(1.5l)。将溶液过滤以除去少量的固体,并用乙醚(7×1升)洗涤以除去杂质(化合物1B),将合并的洗涤液用硫酸镁干燥并真空除去溶剂后回收得到8.37g化合物1B。然后用1N HCl将水溶液的pH调至2并将产物用乙酸乙酯(3×1升)提取。合并提取液,用饱和氯化钠(500ml)洗涤并用硫酸镁干燥。真空除去溶剂,依次与乙醚(500ml)、二氯甲烷(500ml)一起共蒸发除去残余的乙酸乙酯,得到205g(97.6%产率)白色泡沫状产物:
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.15-1.22(m,4H),1.48
(s,9H),1.55-1.68(m,3H),2.12-2.15(m,1H),
2.43(s,3H),3.41-3.49(m,2H),3.97(ABq,J=17.9
Hz,Δυ=69.6Hz,2H),4.79(br s,1H),7.31(d,J=
8.1Hz,2H),7.77(d,J=8.3Hz,2-H),8.81(br s,1
H);MS(LRFAB,NBA-Li)m/z 433[M+Li]+.
E.(Boc)-(R,R)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OEt的合成
向(Boc)-(R,R)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Ome(18.1g,43.1mmol)的DMF(480ml)溶液中加入HOBt·H2O(7.92g,51.7mmol)和EDC·HCl(9.91g,51.7mmol)并将得到的混合物在室温下搅拌20分钟。向该溶液中加入GlyOEt·HCl(6.0g,43.1mmol)和TEA(7.2ml,51.7mmol),然后将得到的混合物搅拌16小时。蒸除DMF并将残余物在水(250ml)和乙酸乙酯(400ml)之间进行分配。分出乙酸乙酯层,用1N KHSO4(250ml)、水(250ml)、饱和碳酸氢钠(250ml)和盐水(250ml)洗涤并干燥(硫酸钠)。过滤并浓缩得到21.9g(99%产率)白色泡沫状纯净产物:1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.00-1.10(m,1H),1.19(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.38(s,9H),1.50-1.56(m,3H),1.75-1.84(m,1H),2.38(s,3H),3.30-3.40(bs,2H),3.75-4.01(复杂的m,4H),4.08(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.05(bs,1H),7.32(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.77(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.32(t,J=7.2Hz,1H);MS(HRFAB)m/z 518.2551(M+Li+);C24H37N3O7SLi的计算值为518.2512。
F.Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OEt TFA盐的合成
向(Boc)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OEt(21.2g,41.4mmol)的二氯甲烷(180ml)溶液中加入TFA(44ml)并将得到的混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟。将溶液浓缩,将残余物溶于乙醚(50ml)并加入己烷(500ml)析出沉淀。倾析出溶剂并将残余物用10∶1己烷/乙醚(500ml)洗涤。将最终的残余物在高真空下彻底干燥得到20.7g(95%产率)褐色泡沫状产物:1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ0.85-0.96(m,1H),1.03-1.31(复杂的m,7H),1.09(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),2.00(m,1H),2.39(s,3H),3.02(bs,1H),3.62(m,1H),3.82-4.05(m,4H),4.10(q,J=7.6,2H),7.41(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.67(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.25(bs,3H),9.09(t,J=5.63Hz,1H).MS(HRFAB)m/z 418.1990(M-TFA+Li+);C19H29N3O5S的计算值为418.1988。
G.Boc-Orn(Z)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OEt的合成
向Boc-Orn(Z)-OH(8.37g,22.8mmol)的DMF(200ml)溶液中加入HOBt·H2O(4.29g,27.4mmol)和EDC·HCl(5.25g,27.4mmol)并将得到的溶液在室温下搅拌20分钟。向该溶液中加入Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OEt TFA盐(12.0g,22.8mmol)和TEA(3.82ml,27.4mmol),然后搅拌16小时。蒸除DMF并将残余物在水(200ml)和乙酸乙酯(250ml)之间进行分配。分出乙酸乙酯层,用1N KHSO4(150ml)、水(150ml)、饱和碳酸氢钠(150ml)和盐水(150ml)洗涤并干燥(硫酸镁)。过滤并浓缩得到15.1g(87%产率)白色泡沫状产物:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.00-1.94
(复杂的m,12H),1.15(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),2.38(s,3
H),2.98(bs,2H),3.30-3.46(m,2H),3.70-3.82
(m,4H),3.90 4.02(m,1H),4.05(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),
5.00(s,2H),6.43(m,1H),7.17(m,1H),7.20-7.37
(m,8H),7.78(m,2H),8.30(bs,1H);MS(LRFAB,NBA+
HCl)m/z 760(M+H)+
H.Orn(Z)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OEt TFA盐的合成
向Boc-Orn(Z)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OEt(14.5g,19.1mmol)的二氯甲烷(120ml)溶液中加入TFA(30ml)并将得到的溶液在室温下搅拌30分钟。将溶液蒸发并将残余物与乙醚(100毫升)一起研制。倾析出乙醚并将残余物在高真空下彻底干燥得到15.5g(>100%产率,含TFA)橙色泡沫状产物:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ0.97-
1.93(复杂的m,12H),1.16(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),2.38
(s,3H),2.98(bs,2H),3.31-3.50(m,2H),3.71-
3.91(m,4H),3.97-4.04(m,1H),4.08(q,J=7.4
Hz,2H),5.00(s,2H),7.23-7.39(m,8H),7.77-
7.81(m,2H),8.18(bs,3H),8.41(bs,1H);MS(LRFAB,
NBA+HCl)m/z 660(M-TFA)+
I.Boc-Gly-Orn(Z)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OEt的合成
向Boc-Gly-OH(3.36g,19.2mmol)的DMF(220ml)溶液中加入HOBt·H2O(3.52g,23.0mmol)和EDC·HCl(4.41g,23.0mmol)并将得到的溶液在室温下搅拌20分钟。向该溶液中加入Orn(Z)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OEt TFA盐(14.8g,19.2mmol)和TEA(3.20ml,23.0mmol),然后搅拌12小时。蒸除DMF并将残余物在水(200ml)和乙酸乙酯(350ml)之间进行分配。分出乙酸乙酯层,用1N KHSO4(150ml)、水(150ml)、饱和碳酸氢钠(150ml)和盐水(150ml)洗涤并干燥(硫酸镁)。过滤并浓缩得到13.7g(87%产率)白色泡沫状产物:
1H NMR(DMSO-
d6)δ0.96-1.10(m,2H),1.17(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),
1.38(s,9H),1.35-2.00(复杂的m,10H),2.97(m,2
H),3.60(bs,2H),3.67-3.84(m,4H),3.93-4.03
(m,3H),4.06(q,J=7.4Hz,2H),6.92(bs,1H),7.19
(m,1H),7.24-7.37(m,7H),7.60(d,J=8.3Hz,1
H),7.76(m,2H),7.38(bs,1H).MS(LRFAB,NBA+Li)+
m/z 823(M+Li)+.
J.Boc-Gly-Orn(Z)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OH的合成
向Boc-Gly-Orn(Z)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-Oet(13.3g,16.3mmol)的甲醇(100毫升)溶液中加入1N氢氧化钠(25毫升)。将得到的混合物在室温下搅拌并通过TLC进行监测。2小时后反应结束。蒸除甲醇,向残余物中加入水(50毫升)。将水相用乙酸乙酯(2×100毫升)洗涤并弃除乙酸乙酯层。用1N KHSO4将pH调至3.5并将水相用乙酸乙酯(3×100毫升)提取。将合并的乙酸乙酯层干燥(硫酸镁)、过滤并浓缩得到11.7g(91%产率)白色泡沫状产物:
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.98-1.25
(m,2H),1.38(s,9H),1.40-1.92(m,10H),2.38(s,
3H),2.97(m,2H),3.62(bs,2H),3.75-3.85(m,3
H),3.95-4.05(m,2H),5.01(s,2H),6.96(bs,1H),
7.28(m,1H),7.25-7.38(m,7H),7.61(d,J=8.4
Hz,1H),7.78(m,2H),8.25(bs,1H).
K.Gly-Orn(Z)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OH TFA盐的合成
向Boc-Gly-Orn(Z)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OH(11.2g,14.3mmol)的二氯甲烷(100ml)溶液中加入TFA(24ml)并将得到的溶液在室温下搅拌30分钟。将溶液蒸发并将残余物与乙醚(500毫升)一起研制。过滤得到11.3g(99%产率)白色粉末状产物:
1H NMR
(DMSO-d6)δ0.95-1.98(复杂的m,12H),2.39(s,3H),
3.01(m,2H),3.38(m,1H),3.65-4.10(复杂的m,7
H),4.18(q,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.02(s,2H),7.24-
7.40(m,9H),7.77-7.85(m,2H),8.13(bs,3H),8.31
(bs,1H),8.42(d,J=8.3Hz,1H);
MS(HRFAB)689.2593(M-TFA)+;C32H45N6O9S的计算值为689.2593。
L.环-(Gly-Orn(Z)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-)的合成
将Gly-Orn(Z)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-OH TFA(5.0g,6.23mmol)在干燥、脱气DMF(1520毫升)中的溶液用TEA(1.74ml,12.5mmol)处理并冷却至-40℃。在10分钟内滴加DPPA(1.64ml,7.60mmol),然后将反应液在-40℃搅拌3小时。然后将反应液置于-2℃的水浴中并在该温度下放置16小时。加水(1520毫升)并将得到的溶液与混合的床离子交换树脂(750g)一起在室温下搅拌6小时。滤除树脂并将溶液在浓缩至体积为约100毫升(DMF)。加入乙醚(500毫升)产生固体沉淀,将该沉淀重新溶解在甲醇(100毫升)中并加入乙醚(500ml)使再次析出沉淀。过滤得到3.26g(78%产率)白色粉末状产物:
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ
0.96-2.10(复杂的m,14H),2.37(bs,3H),2.68-
3.05(m,3H),3.42-3.90(复杂的m,8H),4.14(m,1
H),4.20(m,1H),4.97-5.08(m,3H),6.42(d,J=
8.4Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.20-7.39(m,
7H),7.65-7.78(m,2H),9.15(bs,1H),9.22(bs,1
H);
MS(HRFAB)m/z 671.2842(M+H)+;C32H43N6O8S的计算值为671.2863。
M.环-(Gly-Orn-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-)的合成
向环-(Gly-Orn(Z)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-)(3.94g,5.90mmol)的甲醇(40毫升)溶液中加入钯(黑)(1.0g)和甲酸铵(2.0g)。将反应液回流2小时后冷却。将混合物在氩气下滤过一硅藻土垫,将滤液浓缩得到2.86g(89%产率)白色泡沫状产物:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ
0.94-2.22(复杂的m,12H),2.39(s,3H),2.55-
2.95(m,7H),3.42-3.89(复杂的m,9H),4.11(m,1
H),4.39(m,1H),5,43(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.27(d,J
=9.3Hz,1H),7.25-7.45(m,2H),7.64-7.80(m,2
H),9.12-9.29(m,2H);
MS(HRFAB)m/z 537.2511(M+H)+;C24H36N6O6S的计算值为537.2495。
N.环-(Gly-Orn(石胆酰基)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-)的合成
向环-(Gly-Orn-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-)(1.0g,1.9mmol)的氯仿(25毫升)溶液中加入石胆酸NHS活泼酯(881mg,1.9mmol),然后将得到的混合物搅拌16小时。加入乙醚(50毫升)析出固体。过滤得到946mg(56%产率)褐色粉末状产物:1H NMR(CD3OD)δ0.66(m,3H),0.93(bs,6H),0.94-2.37(复杂的m,48H),2.43(s,3H),2.80-4.60(bm,14H),7.39(bs,2H),7.80(bs,2H);MS(HRFAB)m/z 895.5432(M+H)+;C48H75N6O8S的计算值为895.5367。
O.2,3-(R,R)-环己酮-6-(S)-{3-(石胆酰氨基)丙基}-1,4,7,10,13-五氮杂环
十五烷的合成
向环-(Gly-Orn(石胆酰基)-Cyc(Ts)-Gly-Gly-)(2.70g,3.00mmol)的THF(50毫升)悬浮液中加入氢化锂铝(51.0ml 1.0M的溶液)。将得到的混合物回流16小时。将反应混合物冷却至约-20℃,然后依次加入5%硫酸钠(30毫升)和甲醇(30毫升)终止反应(小心)。将该溶液在室温下搅拌1小时,然后浓缩成干燥的粉末。将该粉末与乙醚(3×200毫升)一起研制并过滤。将乙醚浓缩并将油状物用乙腈重结晶得到800mg(40%产率)无色油状产物:
1H NMR(C6D6)δ
0.54(s,3H),0.67(s,3H),0.88(d,J=3.0Hz,3H),
0.84-2.51(复杂的m,52H),2.38-2.95(复杂的m,
14H),3.49(m,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ71.4,63.1,62.6,
61.8,58.2,56.5,56.1,51.5,50.4,50.1,48.3,47.9,
46.1,45.7,42.6,42.1,40.4,40.1,36.4,35.8,35.7,
35.6,35.4,34.5,31.9,31.7,31.6,30.8,30.5,29.4,
28.3,27.2,26.4,26.2,24.9,24.2,23.4,20.8,18.6,
12.0;MS(LRFAB,NBA+Li)m/z 677(M+Li)+.
P.[氯化锰(II)2,3-(R,R)-环己酮-6-(S)-{3-(石胆酰氨基)丙基}-1,4,7,10,13-
五氮杂环十五烷]的合成
在干燥的氮气氛围下,将按照实施例O制备的2,3-(R,R)-环己酮-6-(S)-{3-(石胆酰氨基)丙基)-1,4,7,10,13-五氮杂环十五烷(547mg,0.817mmol)加入到含有氯化锰(II)(103mg,0.818mmol)的热的无水甲醇(50毫升)溶液中。回流2小时后,将溶液浓缩至干并将残余物重新溶于THF(35毫升)和乙醚(5毫升)的溶剂混合物中,然后用硅藻土垫过滤。浓缩并与乙醚一起研制,过滤后得到512mg(79%产率)白色固体状配合物:FAB质谱(NBA)m/z 760[M-Cl]+;元素分析,C41H78N6OMnCl2的计算值:C,61.79;H,9.87;N,10.55;Cl,8.90。实测值:C,62.67;H.9.84;N,8.04;Cl,8.29。
实施例2
停流动力学分析
使用停流动力学分析来测定化合物是否能够催化超氧化物的歧化作用(Riley,D.P.,Rivers,W.J.和Weiss,R.H.,“用于监测超氧化物在含水系统中衰变的停流动力学分析”,
Anal.Biochem,
196,344-349[1991])。为了使测定能够一致、精确,所有试剂均为生物纯的并且不含金属。为达到该目的,所有的缓冲液(Calbiochem)均为生物纯的、不含金属的缓冲液,所用的器皿首先用0.1N HCl洗涤,随后用纯净水洗涤,接着用pH8的104 M EDTA洗涤液冲洗,然后用纯净水冲洗并在65℃干燥数小时。超氧化钾(Aldrich)的无水DMSO溶液用干燥的玻璃器皿在干燥、氩气氛围下在VacuumAtmospheres干燥手套箱内制备。DMSO溶液在各停流实验临进行前制备。使用研钵和杵研磨黄色的超氧化钾固体(约100mg)。然后将该粉末与少量DMSO一起研磨,然后将该浆液转移至含另外25ml DMSO的烧瓶中。将形成的浆液搅拌1/2小时后过滤。该方法制得可重现的约2mM浓度的超氧化物的DMSO溶液。用密封的小瓶将这些溶液转移至氮气下的手套箱内,然后在氮气下吸到注射器内。应当注意,DMSO/超氧化物溶液对水、热、空气和外来金属极为敏感。新鲜、纯净的溶液有非常浅的黄色。
将用于缓冲溶液的水从室内去离子水系统转移至Barnstead NanpoureUltrapure Series 550水系统,然后进行两次蒸馏,首先从碱性高锰酸钾中蒸馏,然后从稀的EDTA溶液中蒸馏。例如,将含有1.0g高锰酸钾、2升水以及为将pH调至9.0而加入的氢氧化钠的溶液加入装有溶剂蒸馏头的2升烧瓶中。该蒸馏过程可氧化水中任何痕量的有机化合物。最后的蒸馏在氮气下、在含有1500毫升经第一次蒸馏得到的水和1.0×106M EDTA的2.5升的烧瓶中进行。该步骤可除去超纯水中残留的痕量金属。为了防止EDTA雾从回流臂挥发至蒸馏头,将40cm的垂直臂用玻璃珠填充并用保温带包裹。该系统产生的脱氧水经测定,其导电性低于2.0纳欧姆/cm2。
停流分光计系统由Kinetic Instruments Inc.(Ann Arbor,MI)设计并生产,并与MAC IICX个人计算机连接。停流分析的软件由Kinetic InstrumentsInc.提供并以QuickBasic用MacAdios驱动器写入。对一般注射器体积(0.10ml缓冲液和0.006ml DMSO)进行校准,从而可以将大大过量的水和DMSO溶液混合在一起。实际的比例为约19/1,从而超氧化物在水溶液中的起始浓度为60-120μM。由于公认的超氧化物在水中的消光系数在245nm为约2250M-1cm-1(1),预期对于2cm光程长度的样品池,起始的吸收值应为约0.3-0.5,实验中观察到了该值。用于和超氧化物DMSO溶液混合的含水溶液用浓度为80mM的Hepes缓冲液,pH8.1(游离酸+Na型)制备。将其中的一个储库注射器吸入5毫升DMSO溶液,另一个注射器吸入5毫升含水缓冲液。将整个注射块、混合器和分光计样品池浸入温度为21.0±0.5℃的恒温循环水浴中。
在开始收集超氧化物衰变的数据前,通过向混合室内注射数次缓冲液和DMSO溶液得到基线平均值。对这些注射取平均并保存作为基线。在一系列注射中过程,待收集的第一次注射所用的是不含催化剂的含水溶液。这确保每一系列的试验均不含有可能会产生一级超氧化物衰变曲线的污染物。如果观察到的缓冲液的数次注射均是二级的,就可以使用锰(II)配合物的溶液。通常,对潜在的SOD催化剂在宽的浓度范围内进行筛选。由于将DMSO与含水缓冲液混合后超氧化物的起始浓度为约1.2×10-4M,我们准备使用比底物超氧化物至少低20倍的锰(II)配合物浓度。因此,我们通常用5×10-7M至8×10-6M的浓度范围筛选化合物的SOD活性。将实验得到的数据输入适宜的数学程序(例如Cricket Graph)以进行标准的动力学数据分析。实施例1的锰(II)配合物对超氧化物歧化作用的催化速率常数从观察到的速率常数(Kobs)对锰(II)配合物浓度的线性图测得。Kobs值从245nm下的自然对数吸收值对锰(II)配合物歧化超氧化物的时间的线性图得到。在pH=8.1及21℃下测得的实施例1的锰(II)配合物的Kcat(M-1秒-1)为0.77×10+7M-1秒-1。
从上述Kcat可以看出,实施例1的含氮大环配体的锰(II)配合物是歧化超氧化物的有效催化剂。
Claims (17)
其中其中R、R′、R1、R1′、R2、R2′、R3、R3′、R4、R4′、R5、R5′、R6、R6′、R7、R7′、R8、R8′、R9、R9′独立地选自:烷基、链烯基、链炔基、环烷基、环烯基、环烷基烷基、环烷基环烷基、环烯基烷基、烷基环烷基、链烯基环烷基、烷基环烯基、链烯基环烯基、杂环基、芳基或芳烷基,及与α-氨基酸的α-碳原子相连的基团;或者,R1或R1′和R2或R2′、R3或R3′和R4或R4′、R5或R5′和R6或R6′、R7或R7′和R8或R8′以及R9或R9′和R或R′和与其独立地连接的碳原子一起形成3-20个碳原子的饱和的、部分饱和的或不饱和的环;或R或R′和R1或R1′、R2或R2′和R3或R3′、R4或R4′和R5或R5′、R6或R6′和R7或R7′、R8或R8′和R9或R9′和与其相连的碳原子一起为2-20个碳原子的含氮原子的杂环,其条件是,当含氮杂环为不包含与氮相连的氢原子的芳杂环时,在所说的式中氢原子与氮原子相连,氮原子也在大环中,且不存在与大环的同一碳原子相连的R基团;和其混合物;
其中(1)1-5个“R”基团经连接基团连接至生物分子上,(2)X、Y和Z之一经连接基团连接至生物分子上,或(3)1-5个“R”基团经连接基团连接至生物分子上和X、Y和Z之一经连接基团连接至生物分子上;生物分子独立地选自甾类、碳水化合物、脂肪酸、氨基酸、肽、蛋白质、抗体、维生素、类脂、磷脂、磷酸酯、膦酸酯、核酸、酶底物、酶抑制剂或酶受体底物,连接基团由与“R”基团或X、Y或Z相连的取代基得到的,该基团对生物分子是活泼的,其选自-NH2、-NHR10、-SH、-OH、-COOH、-COOR10、-CONH2、-NCO、-NCS、-COOX″、链烯基、链炔基、卤化物、甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、tresylate、三氟甲基磺酸基和酚,其中R10为烷基、芳基或烷芳基,X″为卤化物;
X、Y和Z独立地选自:卤化物、氧代、水合阴离子(aquo)、配位羟离子(hydroxo)、醇、酚、二氧、过氧化离子(peroxo)、羟基过氧化离子、烷基过氧化离子、芳基过氧化离子、氨、烷氨基、芳氨基、杂环烷基氨基、杂环芳基氨基、胺氧化物、肼、烷基肼、芳基肼、氧化氮、氰化物、氰酸盐、硫氰酸盐、异氰酸盐、异硫氰酸盐、烷基腈、芳基腈、烷基异腈、芳基异腈、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、叠氮基、烷基磺酸、芳基磺酸、烷基亚砜、芳基亚砜、烷基芳基亚砜、烷基次磺酸、芳基次磺酸、烷基亚磺酸、芳基亚磺酸、烷基硫羟羧酸、芳基硫羟羧酸、烷基硫羟硫代羧酸、芳基硫羟硫代羧酸、烷基羧酸、芳基羧酸、脲、烷基脲、芳基脲、烷基芳基脲、硫脲、烷基硫脲、芳基硫脲、烷基芳基硫脲、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、亚硫酸氢盐、硫代硫酸盐、硫代亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、烷基膦、芳基膦、烷基膦氧化物、芳基膦氧化物、烷基芳基膦氧化物、烷基膦硫化物、芳基膦硫化物、烷基芳基膦硫化物、烷基膦酸、芳基膦酸、烷基次膦酸、芳基次膦酸、烷基三价膦酸、芳基三价膦酸、磷酸盐、硫代磷酸盐、亚磷酸盐、焦亚磷酸盐、三磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、磷酸二氢盐、烷基胍基、芳基胍基、烷基芳基胍基、烷基氨基甲酸酯、芳基氨基甲酸酯、烷基芳基氨基甲酸酯、烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯、芳基硫代氨基甲酸酯、烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯、烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯、芳基二硫代氨基甲酸酯、烷基芳基二硫代氨基甲酸酯、碳酸氢盐、碳酸盐、高氯酸盐、氯酸盐、亚氯酸盐、次氯酸盐、高溴酸盐、溴酸盐、亚溴酸盐、次溴酸盐、四卤锰酸盐、四氟硼酸盐、六氟锑酸盐、次亚磷酸盐、碘酸盐、高碘酸盐、偏硼酸盐、四芳基硼酸酯、四烷基硼酸酯、酒石酸盐、水杨酸盐、琥珀酸盐、柠檬酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、糖精酸盐、氨基酸、异羟肟酸、硫代甲苯磺酸盐,和离子交换树脂的阴离子,或它们相应的阳离子,或X、Y和Z独立地连接至一个或多个“R”基团,其中n为0或1。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中,1-2个“R”基团经连接基团与生物分子相连,无X、Y和Z经连接基团与生物分子相连。
3.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中,X、Y和Z中之一经连接基团与生物分子相连,无“R”基团经连接基团与生物分子相连。
4.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中,与位于大环中氮原子之间的碳原子相连的最多一个“R”基团具有一个经连接基团相连的生物分子。
5.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中,除了经连接基团与生物分子相连的“R”基团外,至少一个“R”基团独立地选自烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳烷基、烷芳基、芳基、杂环基及与α-氨基酸的α-碳原子相连的基团,而其余的未与生物分子相连的“R”基团独立地选自氢,饱和、部分饱和或不饱和环或含氮杂环。
6.根据权利要求5的化合物,其中,除了经连接基团与生物分子相连的“R”基团外,至少二个“R”基团独立地选自烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳烷基、烷芳基、芳基、杂环基及与α-氨基酸的α-碳原子相连的基团。
7.根据权利要求5的化合物,其中,除了经连接基团与生物分子相连的“R”基团外,至少一个“R”基团为烷基,而其余的“R”基团独立地选自氢,饱和、部分饱和或不饱和环。
8. 根据权利要求1的化合物,其中,至少R1或R1′和R2或R2′、R3或R3′和R4或R4′、R5或R5′和R6或R6′、R7或R7′和R8或R8′以及R9或R9′和R或R′中的一个和与其相连的碳原子一起为3-20个碳原子的饱和、部分饱和或不饱和的环,而除了经连接基团与生物分子相连的“R”基团外,其余的“R”基团独立地选自氢、含氮杂环或烷基。
9.根据权利要求8的化合物,其中,至少R1或R1′和R2或R2′、R3或R3′和R4或R4′、R5或R5′和R6或R6′、R7或R7′和R8或R8′以及R9或R9′和R或R′中的二个和与其相连的碳原子一起为3-20个碳原子的饱和、部分饱和或不饱和的环,而除了经连接基团与生物分子相连的“R”基团外,其余的“R”基团独立地选自氢、含氮杂环或烷基。
10.根据权利要求8的化合物,其中,所说的饱和、部分饱和或不饱和的环为环己基。
11.根据权利要求10的化合物,其中,除了经连接基团与生物分子相连的“R”基团外,所说的其余的“R”基团独立地选自氢或烷基。
12.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R或R′和R1或R1′、R2或R2′和R3或R3′、R4或R4′和R5或R5′、R6或R6′和R7或R7′、R8或R8′和R9或R9′和与其相连的碳原子一起为2-20个碳原子的含氮杂环,而除了经连接基团与生物分子相连的“R”基团外,其余的“R”基团独立地选自氢,饱和、部分饱和或不饱和的环或烷基。
13.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中X、Y和Z独立地选自卤化物、有机酸、硝酸盐和碳酸氢盐阴离子。
14.一种用于歧化超氧化物的单位剂量的药物组合物,包含(a)治疗或预防有效量的如权利要求1所述的配合物;和(b)无毒的可药用载体、助剂或赋形剂。
15.一种预防或治疗至少部分是由超氧化物介导的疾病或病症的方法,包括向需要进行这种预防或治疗的患者给予治疗、预防、病理学或恢复有效量的权利要求1的配合物。
16.根据权利要求15的方法,其中,所述的疾病或病症选自缺血再灌注损伤、外科手术导致的缺血、炎症性肠病、类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、血栓形成、血小板聚集、氧化剂引起的组织损伤和破坏、骨关节炎、牛皮癣、器官移植排斥反应、辐射引起的损伤、中风、急性胰腺炎、胰岛素依赖型糖尿病、成人和婴儿呼吸窘迫、转移和癌形成。
17.根据权利要求16的方法,其中,所述的疾病或病症选自缺血再灌注损伤、中风、动脉粥样硬化和炎症性肠病。
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CN103906756A (zh) * | 2011-09-26 | 2014-07-02 | 加莱拉治疗有限责任公司 | 用于治疗疾病的方法 |
CN108752383A (zh) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-11-06 | 江苏理工学院 | 一种具有sod活性的吡唑羧酸酯锰配合物及其制备方法 |
CN110520107A (zh) * | 2017-02-15 | 2019-11-29 | 加莱拉实验室有限责任公司 | 用于局部肠递送的五氮杂大环状环配合物 |
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JP4501128B2 (ja) | 1999-01-25 | 2010-07-14 | ナショナル ジュウィッシュ ヘルス | 置換ポルフィリン |
CA2394959A1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2001-07-05 | Amersham Plc | Labelled ascorbic acid derivatives |
US20050176790A1 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2005-08-11 | Johannes Bartholomaus | Pharmaceutical salts |
WO2002098431A1 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-12 | National Jewish Medical And Research Center | Oxidant scavengers for treatment of diabetes or use in transplantation or induction of immune tolerance |
KR101430627B1 (ko) | 2008-05-13 | 2014-08-14 | 유니버시티 오브 캔사스 | 금속 추출 펩타이드(map) 태그 및 관련된 방법 |
ES2600469T3 (es) | 2008-05-23 | 2017-02-09 | National Jewish Health | Un compuesto para su uso en el tratamiento de lesiones asociadas con la exposición al gas fosgeno o al gas de cloro |
WO2013181461A2 (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-05 | University Of Kansas | Metal abstraction peptide with superoxide dismutase activity |
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EP0281463A3 (en) * | 1987-03-06 | 1989-01-25 | Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Company, Limited | Platinum complex, process for its preparation and pharmaceutical composition including such a complex |
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US6204259B1 (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 2001-03-20 | Monsanto Company | Manganese complexes of nitrogen-containing macrocyclic ligands effective as catalysts for dismutating superoxide |
BR9507477A (pt) * | 1994-04-22 | 1997-09-16 | Searle & Co | Métodos de análise de imagem de diagnóstico usando complexos metálicos de ligantes macrocíclicos contendo nitrogênio |
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WO1996040658A1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-12-19 | Monsanto Company | Process for preparing substituted polyazamacrocycles |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103906756A (zh) * | 2011-09-26 | 2014-07-02 | 加莱拉治疗有限责任公司 | 用于治疗疾病的方法 |
CN103906756B (zh) * | 2011-09-26 | 2020-03-03 | 加莱拉实验室有限责任公司 | 用于治疗疾病的方法 |
CN111467351A (zh) * | 2011-09-26 | 2020-07-31 | 加莱拉实验室有限责任公司 | 用于治疗疾病的方法 |
CN110520107A (zh) * | 2017-02-15 | 2019-11-29 | 加莱拉实验室有限责任公司 | 用于局部肠递送的五氮杂大环状环配合物 |
CN108752383A (zh) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-11-06 | 江苏理工学院 | 一种具有sod活性的吡唑羧酸酯锰配合物及其制备方法 |
CN108752383B (zh) * | 2018-05-02 | 2020-10-30 | 江苏理工学院 | 一种具有sod活性的吡唑羧酸酯锰配合物及其制备方法 |
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NO980649L (no) | 1998-04-02 |
AU6765596A (en) | 1997-03-12 |
JP2000513322A (ja) | 2000-10-10 |
EP0844886A2 (en) | 1998-06-03 |
BR9610347A (pt) | 1999-06-01 |
WO1997006824A3 (en) | 1997-07-03 |
AU700958B2 (en) | 1999-01-14 |
WO1997006824A2 (en) | 1997-02-27 |
CZ39898A3 (cs) | 1998-07-15 |
NO980649D0 (no) | 1998-02-16 |
IL123040A0 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
PL324993A1 (en) | 1998-07-06 |
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