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CN116802435A - 可移动火化炉 - Google Patents

可移动火化炉 Download PDF

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CN116802435A
CN116802435A CN202280007773.5A CN202280007773A CN116802435A CN 116802435 A CN116802435 A CN 116802435A CN 202280007773 A CN202280007773 A CN 202280007773A CN 116802435 A CN116802435 A CN 116802435A
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cremator
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亚历山大维奇·米凯·米山尼诺夫
亚诺维奇·德米特里·阿加罗夫
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Victorovich Anton Segory
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于火化人类或动物尸体的装置，特别是用于通过等离子体化学销毁方法进行火化的装置。本发明通过提供一种可移动的火化炉，确保对人类或动物尸体进行等离子体化学销毁，从而达到扩大技术解决方案范围的技术效果。该效果是通过一个可移动的火化炉实现的，其包括一个承载反应器的底盘，反应器的是一个封闭的空腔，其开口被配置为将人类或动物的尸体放入其中，并在之后关闭反应器，还包括一个输出气体产品的开口。还包括一个高压脉冲源，它通过一个隔离部件与突出在反应器中的电极相连，其中反应器空腔的内表面完全或部分地被制成导电的，并且在内表面和电极之间有一个间隙，该间隙保证了由于高压脉冲而在反应器中产生电晕放电等离子。

Description

可移动火化炉
技术领域
本发明涉及用于火化人类或动物尸体的装置，特别是用于通过等离子体化学破坏方法进行火化的装置。
背景技术
已知的实用新型专利RU122466(2012年11月27日公布)公开了一种可移动火化炉。该火化炉包括一个放置在底盘上的外壳，该外壳包括一个带有耐热插件的燃烧室，一个被配置为实现燃烧室操作的热和时间模式并控制清除燃烧产物功能的控制单元，与用于向燃烧器输送混合燃料的管道相连的气体燃烧器，以及位于燃烧室对接端表面并用于清除燃烧产物的排气管支管。
这种装置的缺点是必须使用燃料进行火化，并在炉膛内保持高温以保证装置的运行，这对于可移动的使用方式来说可能是不可接受的。
就已知而言，火化是在特殊的炉子里燃烧尸体。根据《物理百科全书》(《苏联百科全书》，莫斯科，1984)的资料：
"燃烧是一种复杂的化学反应，在与系统中的热量或催化反应产物的积累有关的逐渐自我加速的条件下发生。
在燃烧过程中，可能会达到高温(高达几千开尔文)，并经常出现被称为火焰的发光区。例如，燃烧包括燃料的高温氧化、爆炸物的分解、臭氧、乙炔、某些物质与氯、氟之间的加成反应等不同的放热反应。在大多数情况下，燃烧由一系列基本的化学过程组成，并与传热和传质现象密切相关。燃烧的突出特点是在自我加速的条件下进行化学反应。有两种自加速机制，热机制和链机制。对于热力型燃烧，化学反应的速度随着温度的升高而急剧增加，反应过程中产生的热量使其进一步加速。对于链式燃烧，自我加速是由于在分支链式反应中活性粒子(原子或自由基)浓度的雪崩式上升而发生的，这促进了化学转化"。
根据文献[1]，具有大气压力的放电等离子体对水产生影响，因此由于水分子H2O→OH·+H·的崩解而导致自由基的形成。根据文献[2]，形成的活性自由基OH·引发有机物质氧化的链式反应，其在水存可以发生。换句话说，该过程可以归因于燃烧过程并且可以用于火化。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过提供一种可移动的火化炉，确保对人类或动物尸体进行等离子体化学销毁，达到扩大技术解决方案范围的技术效果。
这种技术效果是通过一个可移动的火化炉实现的，该火化炉包括一个底盘，其上有一个以封闭空腔形式实施的反应器，该空腔的开口被配置为将待火化的人类或动物尸体放入反应器中，并在之后关闭反应器，同时还有一个用于输出气体产物的开口，其中该火化炉包括一个高压脉冲源，该高压脉冲源通过一个隔离部件与一个突出到反应器腔内的电极相连，其中反应器腔的内表面完全或部分被制成导电的，并且在内表面和电极之间有一个间隙，该间隙保证了由于高压脉冲而在反应器内产生电晕放电等离子体。
优选地，电极与空腔内表面的导电部分之间的间隙的最小尺寸为5至50毫米。
优选地，所述空腔内表面的导电部分由钢制成并接地。
优选地，电极由钢制成。
优选地，与大气压力相比，反应器内的压力降低0.1至1.0Pa。
在一个实施方案中，反应器内压力的降低由具有抽气风扇的静电过滤器提供，该过滤器连接到用于输出气态产物的开口。
优选地，限制向反应器输入外部空气。
附图说明
通过附图示出了本发明。
图1示出了反应器的垂直横截面，其中使用以下附图标记：
1.具有内腔的反应器；
2.输入口；
3.输出口；
4.反应器腔内表面；
5.反应器腔内表面的导电部分；
6.电极；
7.隔离构件；
8高压脉冲源；
9.底盘；
10.具有抽气风扇的静电过滤器。
具体实施方式
本发明可以作为一种可移动的火化炉来实施，其包括承载反应器(1)的底盘(9)，所述反应器(1)具有输入口(2)和输出口(3)，所述输开口(2)被配置为在尸体被放置在内部之后关闭反应器，所述输出口(3)连接到配备有抽气风扇的静电过滤器(10)，其中反应器腔的内表面(4)的一部分(5)由钢制成，电极(6)经由隔离构件(7)突出到反应器腔中，并且电极(6)连接高压脉冲的源(8)，而电极(6)与反应器腔的内表面(4)的一部分(5)间隔20毫米的间隙。
可移动火化炉的运作方式如下。
安装在底盘(9)上的可移动的火化炉被运送到进行火化的地方。反应器(1)的腔的内表面(4)的部分(5)接地。经由输入口(2)将待被火化的人或动物的尸体放置在生火化炉中，然后关闭输入口(2)。从高压脉冲源(8)向电极(6)提供高压脉冲。如从文献[1]中已知的，每一个脉冲都会在电极(6)和反应腔内表面(4)的接地导电部分(5)之间产生大量的流。流开始倍增并向部分(5)扩散，逐渐填充电极间间隙并形成电晕放电。电晕放电的等离子体对待火化的尸体内的水产生作用，并在破坏水分子时引起自由基的形成：H2O→OH·+H·。此外，在电晕放电的作用下在反应器中形成其他活性物质：О3、О2(a1Δ)、H2O2、ОН、O(3P)、NO、HNO2和HNO3。电晕放电还引起紫外(UV)辐射。上述活性物质和UV辐射破坏了待火化尸体内包含的任何有机和无机物质，从将其完全破坏并形成无害的气态反应产物，即水和二氧化碳。通过酸破坏待火化尸体的非有机内容物。有机物质的氧化过程是链式反应[2]。破坏链式反应由OH·自由基引发。换句话说，在该装置中提供了对待火化的尸体内的有机和无机物质的等离子体化学破坏。破坏的气态产物进入输出口。
因此，通过提供一个可移动的火化炉，确保对人类或动物的尸体进行等离子体化学销毁，在该装置中达到了规定的技术效果。
非专利文献
[1]АристоваН.А.,ПискаревИ.М.,ИвановскийА.В.,СелемирВ.Д.,СпировГ.М.,ШлепкинС.И.Инициированиехимическихреакцийподдействиемэлектрическогоразрядавсистеметвердыйдиэлектрик-газ-жидкость//Журналфизическойхимии.2004.Т.78.№7.С.1326–1331.(Aristova N.A.,Piskarev I.M.,Ivanovskiy A.V.,Selemir V.D.,Spirov G.M.,Shlepkin S.I.在电介质-气体-液体配置中通过放电启动化学反应//物理化学杂质,2004,Vol.78,#7,第1326–1331页.)
[2]ПискаревИ.М.Окислительно-восстановительныепроцессывводе,инициированныеэлектрическимразрядомнадееповерхностью//Журналобщейхимии.2001.Т.71.Вып.10.С.1622.(Piskarev I.M.水面以上放电引发的水中氧化-还原过程//普通化学杂志,2001,Vol.71,Issue 10,第1622页.)

Claims (7)

1.一种可移动火化炉，包括底座，所述底座承载以具有输入口的封闭腔的形式实现的反应器，所述输入口被配置为提供将待火化的人或动物的尸体放置在所述反应器中，并在之后关闭所述反应器，所述反应器还具有用于输出气态产物的输出口，其特征在于，所述火化炉包括高压脉冲源，所述高压脉冲源经由隔离构件连接到突出到所述反应器的腔内的电极，其中所述反应器的腔的内表面被制成完全或部分导电，并且在所述内表面与所述电极之间提供间隙，所述间隙确保由于高压脉冲而在所述反应器中产生电晕放电等离子体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可移动火化炉，其特征在于，所述电极与所述反应器腔体内表面的导电部分之间的最小间隙尺寸为5至50毫米。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可移动火化炉，其特征在于，所述电极由钢制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可移动火化炉，其特征在于，所述反应器的腔的内表面的导电部分是由钢制成并接地。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可移动火化炉，其特征在于，所述反应器内的压力与大气压力相比下降0.1至1.0帕。
6.根据权利要求5所述的可移动火化炉，其特征在于，所述反应器内压力的降低是通过将静电过滤器与输出口连接来实现的，所述静电过滤器有一个抽气扇。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的可移动火化炉，其特征在于，限制向所述反应器输入外部空气。
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