CN1155168C - 高数据速率cdma无线通信系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
这里揭示了一种用于高速CDMA无线通信的新颖和经改进的方法和装置。改进本发明的一个实施例,通过运用具有少量PN扩展子码每正交波形周期的一组正交子信道代码(Wi),形成一组分别增益调制的用户信道。低代码速率误差校正编码(134)和在用一个子信道代码进行调制之前连续重复、增益调节(152、154、156、158)和与运用其它子信道数据调制数据相加(160)通过一个发送信道发送的数据。运用用户长代码和伪随机扩展代码(PN代码)调制所得总和数据并上变频以进行发送。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域。特别是,本发明涉及用于高数据速率CDMA无线通信的新颖和经改进的方法及装置。
背景技术
包括蜂窝状、卫星和点到点通信系统的无线通信系统运用包括经调制的射频(RF)信号的无线链路(link)在两个系统之间发送数据。出于多种原因,包括与有线通信系统相比增加移动性和减小基础结构需求,都需要应用无线链路。运用无线链路的一个缺点是由于有限的资用RF带宽导致有限的通信容量。这个有限的通信容量与有线通信系统形成对照,后者通过增加电线即可增加容量。
认识到RF带宽的有限本质,已发展了各种信号处理技术,运用这种技术来增加无线通信系统利用可用RF带宽的效率。这种带宽有效信号处理技术的一个广泛被接受的例子是按照空中接口标准的IS-95和它的派生,诸如由电信工业协会(TIA)公布的并主要在蜂窝状电信系统中运用的IS-95-A(下面集中称为IS-95标准)。IS-95标准配合码分多址(CDMA)信号调制技术以在相同的RF带宽上同时进行多种通信。当与广泛的功率控制相结合时,并且与其它无线电信技术相比增加频率再使用等等时,在相同带宽上进行多种通信增加了可以在无线通信系统中进行的呼叫和通信的总数。在美国专利第4,901,307号(发明名称为“运用卫星或地面中继站的扩频通信系统”)和美国专利第5,103,459号(发明名称为“用于在CDMA蜂窝状电话系统中生成信号波形的系统和方法”)中描述了在多通道通信系统中的CDMA技术的应用,其中上述专利已转让给本发明的受让人并作为参考资料在此引入。
图1高度简化地示出根据应用IS-95标准构成的蜂窝状电话系统。在操作过程中,用户单元10a-d通过与一个或多个使用CDMA调制的RF信号的基站12a-d建立一个或多个RF接口(interface)以进行无线通信。在基站12和用户单元10之间的每个RF接口包括从基站12送出的前向链路信号,和从用户单元送出的反向链路信号。运用这些RF接口,通常通过移动电话交换局(MTS0)14和公共电话交换网16,进行用户间的通信。虽然已知可另建RF或微波链路,但是在基站12、MTS014和PSTN16之间一般是通过有线连接的。
根据IS-95标准,每个用户单元10在9.6或14.4千比特/秒的最大数据速率下(这依赖于从速率组中选择哪个速率组),通过单个信道、非相干的反向链路信号发送用户数据。非相干链路是其中接收到的系统不利用相位信息的链路。相干链路是其中在处理期间接收机利用载波信号相位的知识的链路。相位信息一般采用导频信号的形式,但是也可以根据发送的数据进行估计。IS-95标准要求64个Walsh代码组(其中每个代码包括64个子码)用于前向链路。
对由IS-95所规定的具有9.6或14.4千比特/秒的最大数据速率的单个信道、非相干、反向链路信号的应用很适于无线蜂窝状电话系统,其中典型的通信包括发送数字化话音或较低速率数字数据(诸如,传真)。在每分配的1.2288MHz带宽中有多至80个用户单元10可以与基站12进行通信的系统中,由于从每个用户单元10传输中提供所需的导频数据实质上增加了用户单元10互相干扰,所以选择了非相干反向链路。此外,在9.6或14.4千比特/秒的数据速率下,任何导频数据的发送功率与用户数据的发送功率之比将很重要,因此也增加用户单元之间的干扰。由于一次进行一种通信是与有线电话的运用一致的,当前的蜂窝状通信是根据这个范例,所以选择单个信道反向链路信号的运用。此外,处理单个信道的复杂度小于处理多个信道相关的复杂度。
在数字通信的发展中,预期在诸如交互式文件浏览和电视会议等的应用中对无线传输数据的需求将大量增加。这种增加将改变运用无线通信系统的方法,和改变执行相关RF接口的条件。特别是,在更高的最大速率和更多种可行的速率下传输数据。此外,当在传输数据中的误差比在传输音频信息中的误差更难容许,故可能需要更可靠的传输。此外,数据类型的增加将产生对同时发送多种数据的需要。例如,可能需要交换数据文件,同时保留音频或视频接口。此外,当来自用户单元的传输速率增加时,在每RF带宽内正与基站12进行通信的用户单元10的数量就减少,因为越高的数据传输速率将导致基站的数据处理容量在较少的用户单元10时满载。在一些例子中,当前IS-95反向链路不适于所有这些变化。因此,本发明在于提供在其上可以执行多种通信的更高的数据速率、带宽效率、CDMA接口。
发明内容
这里揭示了一种用于高速CDMA无线通信的新颖和经改进的方法和装置。改进本发明的一个实施例是一种用于生成从一组用户单元中的第一用户单元发送到与所述用户单元组进行通信的基站的经调制数据的方法,包括下列步骤:用第一Walsh代码调制第一数据以生成第一信道数据,所述第一Walsh代码的每个正交波形周期具有64个子码;把所述第一信道数据和导频数据相加以产生总和数据;和将总和数据与同相扩展码和正交相位扩展码复数相乘以产生经调制的数据。
在本发明的较佳实施例中,揭示了一种用户单元设备,包括:第一乘法器,配置用于用第一Walsh代码调制第一数据以生成第一信道数据,所述第一Walsh代码的每个正交波形周期具有64个子码;加法器,配置用于把所述第一信道数据和导频数据相加以产生总和数据;和复数乘法器,配置用于将总和数据与同相扩展码和正交相位扩展码复数相乘以产生经调制的数据。
附图说明
结合附图,通过下面的详细描述,本发明的特性、目的和优点将显而易见,其中相同标号作相应表示:
图1是蜂窝状电话系统的方框图;
图2是根据本发明的实施例构成的用户单元和基站的方框图;
图3是根据本发明的实施例构成的BPSK信道编码器和QPSK信道编码器的方框图;
图4是根据本发明的实施例构成的发送信号处理系统的方框图;
图5是根据本发明的实施例构成的接收处理系统的方框图;
图6是根据本发明的实施例构成的指状(finger)处理系统的方框图;和
图7是根据本发明的实施例构成的BPSK信道解码器和QPSK信道解码器的方框图。
具体实施方式
根据蜂窝状电信系统的反向链路发送部分,描述用于高速CDMA无线通信的新型和经改进的方法和装置。虽然本发明特别适于在蜂窝状电话系统的多个点到点反向链路传输中使用,但是本发明同样适用于前向链路传输。此外,许多其它无线通信系统将得益于应用本发明,包括基于卫星的无线通信系统、点到点无线通信系统和通过运用同轴或其它宽带电缆发送射频信号的系统。
图2是本发明的一个实施例,作为用户单元100和基站120构成的接收和发送系统的方框图。由BPSK信道编码器103接收第一数据组(BPSK数据),它生成用于执行由调制器104接收到的BPSK调制构成的代码码元流。由QPSK信道编码器102接收第二数据组(QPSK数据),它生成用于执行同样由调制器104接收的QPSK调制构成的代码码元流。调制器104还接收功率控制数据和导频数据,其中根据码分多址(CDMA)技术调制上述功率控制数据和导频数据以及BPSK和QPSK经编码数据,以生成由RF处理系统106接收到的调制码元组。RF处理系统106过滤和上变频调制码元组到载波频率以运用天线108发送到基站120。虽然只示出一个用户单元100,但是在较佳实施例中多个用户单元与基站120进行通信。
在基站120内,RF处理系统122通过天线121接收发送的RF信号,并执行带通滤波、下变频到基带和数字化。解调器124接收数字化信号并根据CDMA技术进行解调以产生功率控制、BPSK和QPSK软确定数据。BPSK信道解码器128对从解调器124接收到的BPSK软确定数据进行解码以提供对BPSK数据的最佳估计,而且QPSK信道解码器126对由解码器124接收到的QPSK软确定数据进行解码以产生对QPSK数据的最佳估计。于是,第一和第二数据组的最佳估计可以进一步处理或送到下一个目的地,而接收到的功率控制数据可直接或解码之后用以调节用于将数据发送到用户单元100的前向链路信道的发送功率。
图3是根据本发明的实施例构成的BPSK信道编码器103和QPSK信道编码器102的方框图。在BPSK信道编码器103中,由在在第一数据组的每20ms帧中生成检测总和的CRC检测总和发生器130接收BPSK数据。由尾位发生器132接收数据帧以及CRC检测总和,其中尾位发生器132将包括八个逻辑零的尾位附加在每个帧尾端以在解码处理结束时提供已知状态。然后由卷积编码器134接收包括代码尾位和CRC检测总和的帧,其中卷积编码器134执行抑制长度(K)9、速率(R)的1/4卷积编码,从而在编码器输入速率(ER)的四倍的速率下生成代码码元。在本发明的另一个实施例中,执行其它编码速率,包括速率1/2,但是最好是速率1/4,这是它的最佳复杂度性能特征所致。块交错器(block interleaver)136对代码码元执行位交错以提供时间分集用于在快速衰减环境中更加可靠地进行发送。由可变起始点中继站138接收所得的经交错的码元,其中中继站重复经交错的码元序列达NR次足以提供恒定的速率码元流,它与具有恒定数量的码元的输出帧相对应。重复码元序列还增加数据的时间分集以克服衰减。在较佳实施例中,对于进行码元速率307.2千码元/秒(ksps)的每帧,恒定数量的码元等于6,144个码元。此外,中继站138运用不同的起始点来开始重复每个码元序列。当每帧生成6,144个码元所需的NR值不是整数时,只对一部分码元序列执行最后重复。由BPSK映射器(mapper)139接收所得的经重复的码元组,所述BPSK映射器139生成值为+1和-1的BPSK代码码元流(BPSK)以执行BPSK调制。在本发明的另一个实施例中,在块交错器136之前设置中继站138,从而块交错器136每帧接收相同数量的码元。
在QPSK信道编码器102中,由每20ms帧生成检测总和的CRC检测总和发生器140接收QPSK数据。由代码尾位发生器142接收包括CRC检测总和的帧,其中代码尾位发生器142把一组逻辑0的8个尾位附加在该帧的末端。由执行K=9,R=1/4卷积代码的卷积编码器144接收现包括代码尾位和CRC检测总和的帧,以在四倍于编码器输入速率(ER)的速率下生成码元。块交错器146对码元执行位交错,而且由可变起点中继站148接收所得的经交错的码元。可变起点中继站148通过每次重复都用码元序列中的不同起点,重复经交错的码元序列达NR遍,以在614.4千码元每秒(ksps)的代码码元速率下对于每帧都生成12,288个码元。当NR不是整数时,只对一部分码元序列执行最后的重复。由QPSK映射器149接收所得的经重复的码元,其中QPSK生成为执行QPSK调制而构成的QPSK代码码元流,它包括值为+1和-1的同相QPSK代码码元流(QPSK1)和值为+1和-1的正交相位QPSK代码码元流。在本发明的另一个实施例中,中继站148设置在块交错器146之前,从而块交错器146每帧都接收到相同数量的码元。
图4是根据本发明的实施例构成的图2的调制器104的方框图。由Walsh代码W2运用乘法器150b调制来自BPSK信道编码器103的每个BPSK码元,而且由Walsh代码W3运用乘法器150c和154d调制来自QPSK信道编码器102的每个QPSKI和QPSKQ码元。由Walsh代码W1运用乘法器150a调制功率控制数据(PC)。增益调节152(gain aajust)接收导频数据(PILOT),并根据增益调节因子A0调节幅度,其中在本发明的实施例中,所述导频数据包括与正电压相关的逻辑电平。PILOT信号不向基站提供任何用户数据,而提供相位和幅度信息,从而它可以相干(coherently)解调在剩余子信道上携带的数据,并对用于组合的软决定(soft-decision)输出值进行定标。增益调节154根据增益调节因子A1调节经Walsh代码W1调制的功率控制数据的幅度,而且增益调节156根据放大变量A2调节经Walsh代码W2调制的BPSK信道数据的幅度。增益调节158a和b根据增益调节因子A3分别调节同相和正交相位Walsh代码W3调节的QPSK码元。在表I中示出在本发明的较佳实施例中用到的四个Walsh代码。
Walsh代码 调制码元W0 ++++W1 +-+-W2 ++--W3 +--+ |
表I
对于熟悉本技术领域的人员而言,显而易见的是,根本没有对W0代码进行有效的调制,它与所示的导频数据的处理过程相一致。用W1代码调制功率控制数据、用W2代码调制BPSK数据和用W3代码调制QPSK数据。一旦用适当的Walsh代码进行调制时,根据BPSK技术发送导频、功率控制数据和BPSK数据,并根据如下所述的QPSK技术调制QPSK数据(QPSKI和QPSKQ)。应理解,不必使用每个正交信道,而且在本发明的另一个实施例中当只提供一个用户信道时只采用四个Walsh代码中的三个。
对短正交代码的运用每码元生成少量子码,因而当与更长Walsh代码的运用的系统相比,允许更加广泛的编码和重复。这种更加广泛的编码和重复提供保护以抵抗Raleuigh衰减,而Raleigh衰减是在地面通信系统中的主要误差源。虽然,对其它数量的代码和代码长度的运用与本发明相一致,然而对更大的更长Walsh代码组的运用却减小这种加强抵抗衰减的保护。由于如上所述四个信道提供发送多种数据的灵活性,同时保持段代码长度,所以对四个子码的运用被认为是最佳的。
加法器(summer)160把来自增益调节152、154、156和158a所得到的幅度调节调制码元加起来以生成加法所得的(summed)调制码元161。通过运用乘法器162a和b与长代码180相乘,扩展PN扩展代码PNI和PNQ。通过运用乘法器164a-d和加法器166a和b进行的复数乘法,用由乘法器162a和162b提供的所得伪随机代码来调制加法所得的调制码元161和经增益调节的正交相位码元QPSKQ163。然后,对所得的同相项XI和正交相位项XQ进行滤波(滤波未图示),而且,在以高度简化的形式运用乘法器168和同相及正交相位正弦所示的RF处理系统106内上变频至载波频率。还在本发明的另一个实施例中用到偏置QPSK上变频。运用加法器170把所得的同相和正交相位上变频信号加起来,而且根据主增益调节AM,用主放大器172放大,以生成发送到基站120的信号s(t)。在本发明的较佳实施例中,扩展信号并滤波至1.2288MHz带宽以保持与现存CDMA信道的带宽兼容。
通过提供其上可以发送数据的多个正交信道,以及通过运用减小响应于高输入数据速率执行的重复NR的数量的可变速中继站,上述发送信号处理方法和系统允许单个用户单元或其它发送系统在多个数据速率下发送数据。特别是,通过减小由如图3所示的可变起点中继站138或148执行的重复NR的速率,可以支持递增的更高解码器输入速率ER。在本发明的另一个实施例中,在重复NR的速率加倍的速率下,执行速率1/2卷积编码。表II和III分别示出对于BPSK信道和QPSK信道,由各种重复NR的速率支持的示例编码器速率ER组和等于1/4和1/2的编码速率R。
标号 | ER,BPSK | 编码器输出R=1/4(比特/帧) | NR,R=1/4(重复速率,R=1/4) | 编码器输出R=1/2(比特/帧) | NR,R=1/2(重复速率,R=1/2) |
高速-72 | 76,800 | 6,144 | 1 | 3,072 | 2 |
高速-64 | 70,400 | 5,632 | 1 1/11 | 2,816 | 2 2/11 |
51,200 | 4,096 | 1 1/2 | 2,048 | 3 | |
高速-32 | 39,400 | 3,072 | 2 | 1,536 | 4 |
25,600 | 2,048 | 3 | 1,024 | 6 | |
RS2-全速 | 14,400 | 1,152 | 5 1/3 | 576 | 10 2/3 |
RS1-全速 | 9,600 | 768 | 8 | 384 | 16 |
空 | 850 | 68 | 90 6/17 | 34 | 180 12/17 |
表II.BPSK信道
标号 | ER,BPSK | 编码器输出R=1/4(比特/帧) | NR,R=1/4(重复速率,R=1/4) | 编码器输出R=1/2(比特/帧) | NR,R=1/2(重复速率,R=1/2) |
153,600 | 12,288 | 1 | 6,144 | 2 | |
高速-72 | 76,800 | 6,144 | 2 | 3,072 | 4 |
高速-64 | 70,400 | 5,632 | 2 2/11 | 2,816 | 4 4/11 |
51,200 | 4,096 | 3 | 2,048 | 6 | |
高速-32 | 39,400 | 3,072 | 4 | 1,536 | 8 |
25,600 | 2,048 | 6 | 1,024 | 12 | |
RS2-全速 | 14,400 | 1,152 | 10 2/3 | 576 | 21 1/3 |
RS1-全速 | 9,600 | 768 | 16 | 384 | 32 |
空 | 850 | 68 | 180 12/17 | 34 | 361 7/17 |
表III.QPSK信道
表II和III示出当编码器输入速率ER与数据发送速率减去发送CRC、代码尾位和任何其它附加信息所需的一个恒量相对应时,通过调节序列重复NR的数量,可以支持多种数据速率,包括高数据速率。如表II和III所示,可将QPSK调制用于增加数据发送速率。一般预计使用的速率设有标号,诸如“高速-72”和“高速-32”。在本发明的实施例中,标为高速-72、高速-64和高速-32的那些速率的话务量速率(traffic rate)分别为72、64和32,而且分别以3.6、5.2和5.2kbps的速率对传送和其它控制数据进行复接。速率RS1-全速和RS2-全速与在IS-95符合(compoliant)通信系统中用到的数据相对应,因而还预计接收到用于兼容性目的的基本用途。空速率是发送单个位,并用于指示帧删除(erasure),它是IS-95标准的一部分。
除了(或者代替)通过减小重复速率NR增加发送速率还通过同时在两个或多个正交信道上发送数据来增加数据发送速率。例如,复接器(未图示)可以将单个数据源分成在多个数据子信道上发送的多个数据源。于是,通过在更高速率下在特定信道上发送或者同时在多个信道上执行多个发送,或者两者兼而有之,直至超过接收系统的信号处理能力而且误码率不能被接受,或者达到了发送系统功率的最大发送功率,可以增加整个发送速率。
提供多个信道还加强了在发送不同类型数据中的灵活性。例如,对于语音信息可以指定BPSK信道,而且对于发送数字数据可以指定QPSK信道。通过指定一个信道用于以低数据速率发送时间敏感数据(诸如,在语音),而且指定其它信道用于发送较少时间敏感时间(诸如,数字文件)。在本实施例中,可以在较大块中对较少的时间敏感时间执行交错,以进一步增加时间分集。在本发明的又一个实施例中,BPSK信道执行主要的数据发送,而QPSK信道执行溢出发送。对正交Walsh代码的运用消除或基本减小在从用户单元发送的信道组中的任何干扰,从而使在基站处成功接收所需的发送能量减至最小。
为了增加在接收系统处的处理能力,并因而增加可以利用用户单元的较高发送能力的范围,还通过一个正交信道发送导频数据。通过确定并除去反向链路信号的相位偏置,运用导频数据,可以在接收系统中执行相干处理。此外,在用筛选(rake)接收机组合之前,可以用导频数据来最佳加权具有不同时间延迟的多路径信号。一旦去除相位偏置,而且适当加权多路径信号,那么可以组合多路径信号,从而减少对于适当的处理必须接收反向链路信号的功率。这种所需接收功率的减小允许成功地处理更大发送速率,或者相反减小在反向链路信号组之间的干扰。虽然发送导频信号需要一些附加发送功率,但是由于较高发送速率,所以导频信道功率与整个反向链路信号功率之比实际上小于与低数据速率数字语音数据发送蜂窝状系统相关的比率。于是,在高数据速率CDMA系统中,通过运用相干反向链路所获得的Eb/No超过发送来自敏感用户单元的导频数据所需的附加功率。
通过允许发送系统适应于各种无线电信道条件、发送速率和数据类型,对增益调节152-158以及主放大器172的应用还增加了可以利用上述系统的高发送能力的程度。特别是,适当接收所需的信道的发送功率可以独立于其它正交信道的方法,随着时间而改变,并随着条件的变化而变化。例如,在开始获得反向链路信号期间,需要增加导频信道的功率以利用在基站处的检测和同步。然而,一旦获得反向链路信号,所需的导频信道的发送功率实质上减小,而且依赖于各种因素(包括用户单元的移动速率)而变化。因此,在信号获得期间增加增益调节因子A0的值,然后在进行通信期间减小该值。在另一个例子中,当通过前向链路发送较耐受误差的信息,或者前向链路发送的环境不易于被衰减时,则对以低误码率发送功率控制衰减的需要减小,于是可以减小增益调节因子A1。在本发明的一个实施例中,每当不需要功率控制调节时,都将增益调节因子A1减至零。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,通过运用通过前向链路信号发生的功率控制命令,允许基站120或其它接收系统来改变信道或整个反向链路信号的增益调节,进一步利用增益调节每个正交信道或整个反向链路信号的能力。特别是,基站可以发送功率控制信息请求调节特定信道或整个反向链路信号的发送功率的功率控制信息。在多数例子中,当通过BPSK和QPSK信道,发送具有不同误差灵敏度的两种数据(诸如,数字化语音和数字数据)时,这是有利的。在这种情况下,基站120将建立对于两个相关信道的不同目标误码率。如果信道的实际误码率超过目标误码率,那么基站将命令用户单元减小该信道的增益调节,直至实际误码率达到目标误码率。这将最终导致一个信道的增益调节因子相对于另一个调节因子而增加。即,相对于与较少敏感数据相关的增益调节因子,增加与较大误差敏感数据相关的增益调节因子。在另一个例子中,由于衰减条件或用户单元100的移动,所得需要调节整个反向链路的发送功率。在这些例子中,同发送单个功率控制命令,基站120可以这样做。
于是,通过允许独立地调节四个正交信道的增益,以及相互结合,可以将反向链路相互的整个发送功率保持在成功发送敏感数据类型所需的最小值,无论它是导频数据、功率控制数据、信号数据还是不同类型的用户数据。此外,对于某种数据可以限定成功的发送。假如用户单元的发送功率能力有限,那么用所需的最小功率进行发送允许将最大数据量发送到基站,而且减小在用户单元之间的干扰。这种干扰的减小增加浏览整个CDMA无线蜂窝状系统的整个通信能力。
在反向链路信号中用到的功率控制允许用户单元在各种速率下(包括800功率控制位/秒)把功率控制信息发送到基站。在本发明的较佳实施例中,功率控制位命令基站增加或减小用于将信息发送到用户单元的前向链路话务量信道的发送功率。虽然一般在CDMA系统中具有快速功率控制是有利的,但是由于数字数据对于误差特别敏感,而且即使在较小的衰减条件期间高发送速率也会导致大量数据损失,所以对于包括数据发送的更高数据速率通信,它特别有用。假定高速反向链路发送很可能伴有高速前向链路发送,提供在反向链路上快速发送功率控制还有利于CDMA无线电电信系统内的高速通信。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,将由特定NR限定的一组编码器输入速率ER用于发送特定数据类型。即,调节相关的NR可以在最大编码器输入速率ER或一组较低编码器输入速率ER下发送数据。在本发明的较佳实施例中,最大速率与在IS-95符合无线通信系统中用到的最大速率相对应,在表II和III中将上述称为RS1-全速和RS2-全速,而且每个较低速都大约是下一个高速的一半,从而产生包括全速、半速、四分之一速率和八分之一速率的速率组。低数据速率最好是由增加码元重复率NR以表IV中提供的BPSK信道中的速率组1和速率组2的NR值来获得。
标号 | ER,BPSK | 编码器输出R=1/4(比特/帧) | NR,R=1/4(重复速率, R=1/4) | 编码器输出R=1/2(比特/帧) | NR,R=1/2(重复速率,R=1/2) |
RS2-全速 | 14,400 | 1,152 | 5 1/3 | 576 | 10 2/3 |
RS2-半速 | 7,200 | 576 | 10 2/3 | 288 | 21 1/3 |
RS2-四分之一速 | 3,600 | 288 | 21 1/3 | 144 | 42 2/3 |
RS2-八分之一速 | 1,900 | 152 | 40 8/19 | 76 | 80 16/19 |
RS1-全速 | 9,600 | 768 | 8 | 384 | 16 |
RS1-半速 | 4,800 | 384 | 16 | 192 | 32 |
RS1-四分之一速 | 2,800 | 224 | 27 3/7 | 112 | 54 6/7 |
RS1-八分之一速 | 1,600 | 128 | 48 | 64 | 96 |
空 | 850 | 68 | 90 6/17 | 34 | 180 12/17 |
表IV.RS1和RS2速率组 在BPSK信道中
对于QPSK信道的重复速率是BPSK信道的两倍。
根据本发明的实施例,当帧的数据速率相对于前面的帧而改变时,根据发送速率的改变,调节帧的发送功率。即,当在高速帧之后,发送较低速帧时,按与速率减小成正比地(反之亦然),减小其上发送帧的发送信道的发送功率。例如,如果在发送全速帧期间信道的发送功率是发送功率T,那么在下一个发送半速帧期间的发送功率是发送功率T/2。发送功率的减小最好是通过在整个帧的持续时间内减小发送功率,但是也可以通过减小发送工作周期(duty cycle),从而取消一些冗余信息。在任一种情况下,与闭环功率控制机理相结合进行发送功率调节,从而响应于从基站发出的功率控制数据进一步调节发送功率。
图5是根据本发明的实施例构成的图2的RF处理系统122和解调器124的方框图。乘法器180a和180b通过分别产生同相接收采样RI和正交相位接收采样RQ的同相正弦和正交相位正弦波,下变频从天线121接收到的信号。应理解,以高度简化的形式示出RF处理系统122,而且根据广泛已知的技术,还匹配滤波和数字化(未图示)信号。然后,在解调器124内将接收采样RI和RQ施于指状解调器182。每个指状解调器182处理由用户单元100发送的反向链路信号的一个例子,其中通过多路径现象生成反向链路信号的每个例子。虽然示出三个指状解调器,但是对多个指状处理器的运用与包括对单个指状解调器182的运用的本发明是一致的每个指状解调器182产生软确定数据组,它包括功率控制数据、BPSK数据和QPSKI数据和QPSKQ数据。此外,在相应的指状解调器182内时间调节每组软确定数据,虽然在本发明的另一个实施例中,也可在合成器184内执行时间调节,然后,合成器184把从指状解调器182接收到的软确定数据组加起来以提供功率控制、BPSK、QPSKI和QPSKQ软确定数据的单个例子。
图6是根据本发明的实施例构成的图5的指状解调器182的方框图。运用时间调节190,根据由正在处理的反向链路信号的特定例子的发送路径引入的延迟量,第一次调节RI和RQ接收的采样。运用乘法器201把长代码200与伪随机扩展代码PNI和PNQ混合起来,而且运用乘法器202和加法器204把所得长代码经调制的PNI和PNQ扩展代码的共轭复数与时间经调节的RI和RQ接收采样复数相乘,产生项XI和XQ。然后,分别运用Walsh代码W1、W2和W3对XI和XQ项的三个分开的例子进行解调,并运用4至1加法器212,在四个解调子码上对所得Walsh经解调数据求和。运用加法器208,在四个解调子码上对XI和XQ数据的四个例子求和,然后运用导频滤波器214滤波。在本发明的较佳实施例中,导频滤波器214对由加法器208执行的一系列加法求平均,但是对于熟悉该技术领域的人员来说,其它滤波技术也是显而易见的。根据BPSK调制数据,通过运用乘法器216和加法器217进行共轭复数乘法,用经滤波的同相和正交相位导频信号来相位旋转和对W1和W2Walsh代码经解调数据进行定标,以产生软确定功率控制和BPSK数据。根据运用乘法器218和加法器220的QPSK经调制数据,运用同相和正交相位经滤波导频信号,相位旋转W3Walsh代码经调制数据,以产生软确定QPSK数据。由384比1加法器222,在384个调制码元上对软确定功率控制数据求和,以产生功率控制软确定数据。于是,可将相位旋转的W2Walsh代码经调制数据、W3Walsh代码经调制数据、和功率控制软确定数据组合起来。在本发明的另一个实施例中,对功率控制数据执行编码和解码。
除了提供相位信息,还可在接收系统内运用导频以利于时间跟踪。还通过在之前(很早)的一个采样时刻处理接收到的数据,而且在之后(很晚)的一个采样时刻处理当前接收采样,来执行时间跟踪。为了确定与实际到达时间最匹配的时间,可以把在很早和很晚采样时刻的导频信道的幅度与在当前采样时刻的幅度相比以确定哪个最大。如果在邻近采样时刻之一的信号大于在当前采样时刻的信号,那么可以调节定时,从而获得最佳解调结果。
图7是根据本发明的实施例构成的BPSK信道解码器128和QPSK信道解码器126(图2)的方框图。累加器240接收到来自合成器184的BPSK软确定数据,其中累加器240存储在接收到的帧中的6,144/NR解调码元的第一序列(其中NR依赖于上述BPSK软确定数据的发送速率),并把在该帧中获得的后来的每个6,144/NR经解调码元组与相应存储的经积累的码元相加。块去交错器(deinterleaver)242去交错来自可变起点加法器240的经积累的软确定数据,和Viterbi解码器244对去交错的软确定数据进行解码以产生硬确定数据以及CRC检测总和结果。在QPSK解码器126内,由去复接器246把来自合成器184(图5)的QPSKI和QPSKQ软确定数据去复接成单个软确定数据流,而且由累积每个6,144/NR经解调码元组(其中NR依赖于上述BPSK软确定数据的发送速率)的累加器248接收单个软确定数据流。块去交错器250去交错来自累加器248的软确定数据,而且Vierbi解码器252对经去交错的调制码元进行解码以产生硬确定数据以及CRC检测总和结果。在结合图3所述的在交错之前执行码元重复的另一个实施例中,将累加器240和248设置在块去交错器242和250之后。在接入对速率组的运用而且特定帧的速率是未知的本发明的实施例中,采用多个解码器,每个解码器在不同发送速率下进行操作,然后根据CRC检测总和结果旋转很可能已被使用的与发送速率相关的帧。对其它误差检测方法的运用与本发明的时间相一致。
于是,已描述多信道、高速率、CDMA无线通信系统。提供该说明书以使熟悉本技术领域的任何人员能够进行或使用本发明。对于熟悉本技术领域的人员而言,对这些实施例的各种变更是显而易见的,而且可以将这里所限定的一般原理用于其它实施例,而不用进行创造性劳动。于是,本发明并不局限于这里所揭示的实施例,而是根据与这里所揭示的原理和新颖性相一致的最宽范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于生成从一组用户单元中的第一用户单元发送到与所述用户单元组进行通信的基站的经调制数据的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
用第一Walsh代码调制第一数据以生成第一信道数据,所述第一Walsh代码的每个正交波形周期具有少于64个的子码;
把所述第一信道数据和导频数据相加以产生总和数据;和
将总和数据与同相扩展码和正交相位扩展码复数相乘以产生经调制的数据。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
增益调节与所述导频数据相关的第一信道数据。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
用第二Walsh代码调制功率控制数据以产生第二信道数据;和
将所述第二信道数据相加到所述总和数据。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括增益调节所述第二信道数据的步骤。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
用第二Walsh代码调制同相第二数据以产生同相第二信道数据,所述第二Walsh代码的每个正交波形周期具有少于64个的子码;
用所述第二Walsh代码调制正交相位第二数据以产生正交相位第二信道数据;
将所述同相第二信道数据相加到所述总和数据中;
将所述总和数据和所述正交相位第二信道数据与所述同相扩展代码和正交相位扩展代码复数相乘。
6.一种用户单元设备,其特征在于,包括:
第一乘法器,配置用于用第一Walsh代码调制第一数据以生成第一信道数据,所述第一Walsh代码的每个正交波形周期具有少于64个的子码;
加法器,配置用于把所述第一信道数据和导频数据相加以产生总和数据;和
复数乘法器,配置用于将总和数据与同相扩展码和正交相位扩展码复数相乘以产生经调制的数据。
7.如权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于,进一步包括:
增益调节器,配置用于调节与所述导频数据相关的所述第一信道数据的增益。
8.如权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于,进一步包括:
第二乘法器,配置用于用第二Walsh代码调制功率控制数据以产生第二信道数据,所述第二Walsh代码的每个正交波形周期具有少于64个的子码;其中,所述加法器配置用于将所述第二信道数据加入到所述第一信道数据和所述导频数据以产生所述总和数据。
9.如权利要求8所述的设备,其特征在于,进一步包括:
增益调节器,配置用于调节所述第二信道数据的增益。
10.如权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于,进一步包括:
第二乘法器,配置用于用第二Walsh代码调制同相第二数据以产生同相第二信道数据,所述第二Walsh代码的每个正交波形周期具有少于64个的子码;其中,所述加法器配置用于将所述同相第二信道数据加入到所述第一信道数据和所述导频数据以产生所述总和数据;以及
第三乘法器,配置用于用所述第二Walsh代码调制正交相位第二数据以产生正交相位第二信道数据;其中所述复数乘法器配置用于将所述总和数据和正交相位第二信道数据与所述同相扩展代码和所述正交相位扩展代码复数相乘。
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1996
- 1996-05-28 US US08/654,443 patent/US5930230A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1997
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- 1997-05-28 CN CNB971968047A patent/CN1155168C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-28 AT AT06024896T patent/ATE430411T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-28 ES ES06024896T patent/ES2323806T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2002
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2003
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2007
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