CN114351286B - High-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber, and a preparation method and application thereof. The high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber comprises a skin layer and a core layer wrapped by the skin layer, wherein the skin layer is a melt-blown polypropylene fiber layer, the core layer is a melt-blown polylactic acid fiber layer, and the skin layer contains melt-blown polypropylene, a compatilizer and a polyester type liquid crystal polymer. Compared with polylactic acid fibers, the polypropylene fibers have better self-heating bonding effect, and the bonding strength of the high-strength melt-blown polylactic acid fibers is improved to a certain extent; meanwhile, the bonding strength of the polylactic acid melt-blown fiber can be remarkably improved by adding the polyester liquid crystal polymer into the skin layer. The high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber is particularly suitable for preparing air filtering material products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-woven fabrics, in particular to a high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The melt-blown fabric is prepared by adopting a melt-blown method process, high-flow polymer melt is drawn into superfine fibers at high speed under the action of hot air, and the superfine fibers are self-heated and bonded into a net in a roller net curtain or a plastic net curtain, so that the melt-blown fabric has the characteristics of low fiber fineness, high processing efficiency, good uniformity of fiber net and the like, is fluffy in structure, has high filtration efficiency and excellent air permeability after electret treatment, and can be widely used in the field of air filter materials such as household air purifiers, automobile air conditioner filters or fresh air systems.
At present, the melt-blown nonwoven fabric mainly uses polypropylene as a raw material, has excellent self-heat adhesion when being paved due to the self-crystallization characteristic, and the proportion of the polypropylene in the raw material used for the melt-blown nonwoven fabric is more than 90 percent, but the polypropylene is linear saturated hydrocarbon, is difficult to degrade and is easy to cause white pollution. With the continuous improvement of human environmental awareness and the increasingly tightening of resource crisis, some degradable and renewable high polymer materials are generated. The polylactic acid (PLA) can be obtained from renewable resource starch, has the characteristics of nonpolar polymer, has good weather resistance at normal temperature, is an environment-friendly material, and is easy to degrade. Therefore, the preparation of the melt-blown non-manufacturing cloth by taking the polylactic acid as the raw material becomes a key point and a hot point of research, but the self-adhesive property of the polylactic acid melt-blown cloth prepared in the industry at present is poor, so that the strength is low, and the industrialization application is greatly limited.
For example, chinese patent (CN 104711764 a) discloses a high-strength long-acting resident superfine fiber PLA melt-blown nonwoven material, which adopts nano inorganic particles modified by quaternary ammonium salt to enhance and modify PLA, and the melt-blown fabric has better strength, but because of adding inorganic rigid particles with larger content, the spinneret is easily blocked, which is not suitable for long-term production, reduces production efficiency, limits the use thereof, and the addition of inorganic rigid particles reduces polylactic acid compatibility, resulting in insufficient strength improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber, which aims to overcome the defect of insufficient strength improvement caused by inorganic rigid particles.
The invention further aims at providing a preparation method of the high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber comprises a skin layer and a core layer wrapped by the skin layer, wherein the skin layer is a melt-blown polypropylene fiber layer, the core layer is a melt-blown polylactic acid fiber layer, and the skin layer contains melt-blown polypropylene resin, a compatilizer and a polyester type liquid crystal polymer.
The polypropylene fiber has better self-heating bonding performance compared with polylactic acid fiber, so that the bonding strength of the high-strength melt-blown polylactic acid fiber is improved to a certain extent; meanwhile, the polyester liquid crystal polymer is added into the skin layer, so that the orientation degree of the polypropylene fiber in the skin layer can be improved, and the bonding strength of the polylactic acid melt-blown fiber can be obviously improved.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the skin layer to the core layer is (5-10): 90-95.
Preferably, the melt-blown polypropylene fiber layer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the mass ratio of the melt-blown polypropylene resin to the melt-blown polypropylene master batch is (80-90): (10-20);
in the melt-blown polypropylene master batch, 75-87 parts of melt-blown polypropylene resin are calculated according to parts by weight; 10-20 parts of polyester liquid crystal polymer; 3-5 parts of compatilizer; 0.2 to 0.4 part of antioxidant.
Preferably, the meltblown polylactic acid fiber layer is made of a meltblown polylactic acid resin.
Preferably, the melt flow rate of the melt blown polylactic acid resin is 10 to 200g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg.
More preferably, the melt-blown polylactic acid resin has a melt flow rate of 30 to 100g/10min at 190℃under 2.16 kg. At this melt flow rate, the strength of the resulting polylactic acid melt blown fiber is higher.
Preferably, the melt blown polypropylene resin has a melt flow rate of 800 to 1800g/10min at 230 ℃,2.16 kg.
More preferably, the melt blown polypropylene resin has a melt flow rate of 1000 to 1500g/10min at 230 ℃,2.16 kg. At this melt flow rate, the strength of the resulting polylactic acid melt blown fiber is higher.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the melt-blown polypropylene resin from which the melt-blown polypropylene masterbatch is prepared and the melt-blown polypropylene resin used for preparing the melt-blown polypropylene fiber layer by mixing with the melt-blown polypropylene masterbatch are the same kind of melt-blown polypropylene resin.
The function of the compatilizer is to make the polyester type liquid crystal polymer disperse more uniformly in the polypropylene. Preferably, the compatibilizing agent is polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride and/or propylene-ethylene copolymer.
Preferably, the antioxidant is one or more of hindered phenol antioxidants, phosphite antioxidants or thioester antioxidants.
Preferably, the melting point of the polyester type liquid crystal polymer is 280-370 ℃. More preferably, the melting point of the polyester type liquid crystal polymer is 280-350 ℃. When the melting point of the polyester type liquid crystal polymer is too high, the adhesive strength may be lowered.
The preparation method of the high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing polypropylene resin, polyester liquid crystal polymer, compatilizer and antioxidant, and preparing melt-blown polypropylene master batch by melting and extruding;
s2, feeding melt-blown polypropylene resin and melt-blown polypropylene master batches into a first screw extruder, and melting into melt-blown polypropylene melt; feeding the melt-blown polylactic acid resin into a second screw extruder, and melting the melt-blown polylactic acid resin into melt;
s3, inputting the melt-blown polypropylene melt and the melt-blown polylactic acid melt into the same melt-blowing die head according to the metering proportion, and merging and spraying to obtain the high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber.
Preferably, the temperature of extrusion in step S1 is 200 to 260 ℃.
Preferably, in step S2, the temperature of the first screw extruder is 240 to 270 ℃.
Preferably, in step S2, the temperature of the second screw extruder is 170 to 200 ℃.
An air filtering material is prepared from the high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber. While the bonding strength of the traditional polylactic acid product cannot meet the requirement of being used as a raw material for preparing an air filter material, the high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber can meet the requirement of being used as the raw material for preparing the air filter material that the longitudinal breaking tension is more than 9N and the transverse breaking tension is more than 6N, which are specified by FZ T64078-2019 standard.
In the present invention, the melt flow rate is determined with reference to the GB/T3682.1-2018 standard.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention prepares the high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber, which has a sheath-core structure, wherein the sheath layer is a melt-blown polypropylene fiber layer, and the core layer is a melt-blown polylactic acid fiber layer. Compared with polylactic acid fibers, the polypropylene fibers have better self-heating bonding effect, and the bonding strength of the high-strength melt-blown polylactic acid fibers is improved to a certain extent; meanwhile, the bonding strength of the polylactic acid melt-blown fiber can be remarkably improved by adding the polyester liquid crystal polymer into the skin layer. The high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber is particularly suitable for preparing air filtering material products.
Detailed Description
Technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The reagents, methods and apparatus employed in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional in the art.
The following examples and comparative examples were prepared from the following raw materials:
melt-blown polypropylene resin a: ME1013, guangdong Uygur, inc., at 230 ℃,2.16kg, a melt flow rate of 1300g/10min;
melt-blown polypropylene resin B: ME1008, guangdong Uygur, inc., at 230 ℃,2.16kg melt flow rate 800g/10min;
melt-blown polypropylene resin C: ME1015, guangdong Yi technology Co., ltd., melt flow rate at 230℃and 2.16kg was 1500g/10min;
melt-blown polypropylene resin D: ME1018, guangdong Uygur, inc., at 230℃and 2.16kg, with a melt flow rate of 1800g/10min;
melt-blown polylactic acid resin a: PLA L130, total Corbion PLA, melt flow rate of 10g/10min at 190℃under 2.16 kg;
melt-blown polylactic acid resin B: PLA 6252D, nature flows, U.S. at 190℃and 2.16kg melt flow rate of 30g/10min;
melt-blown polylactic acid resin C: PLA D070, total Corbion PLA, melt flow rate of 50g/10min at 190℃under 2.16 kg;
melt-blown polylactic acid resin D: PLA-100, anhui Fengyuan New Material technology Co., ltd, melt flow rate of 100g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg;
melt-blown polylactic acid resin E: PLA-200, anhui Fengyuan New Material technology Co., ltd, melt flow rate of 200g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg;
polyester type liquid crystal polymer A: vicryst R800, zhuhai Wantong special engineering plastic, melting point 280 ℃;
polyester type liquid crystal polymer B: vicryst R8000, zhuhai Wantong special engineering plastic with melting point of 350 ℃;
polyester type liquid crystal polymer C: vicryst R8200, zhuhai Wantong special engineering plastic, melting point 370 ℃;
and (3) a compatilizer: PP-g-MAH, commercially available;
an antioxidant: the hindered phenol antioxidant THANOX 1010 and the phosphite antioxidant THANOX 168 are compounded according to the ratio of 1:1 and are commercially available.
The compatilizer and the antioxidant used in all the examples and the comparative examples are the same.
Examples 1 to 5
Examples 1-5 provide a series of high strength polylactic acid melt blown fibers comprising a sheath layer and a core layer surrounded by the sheath layer, wherein the sheath layer is a melt blown polypropylene fiber layer and the core layer is a melt blown polylactic acid fiber layer.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, adding polypropylene resin, a polyester liquid crystal polymer, a compatilizer and an antioxidant into a high-speed mixer, mixing until the materials are uniform, and then melting, extruding, bracing, water-cooling and granulating to obtain melt-blown polypropylene master batches;
s2, feeding the melt-blown polypropylene resin and melt-blown polypropylene master batch into a first screw extruder, and melting the melt-blown polypropylene resin and the melt-blown polypropylene master batch into melt-blown polypropylene at 240-270 ℃; feeding polylactic acid resin into a second screw extruder, and melting the polylactic acid resin into melt-blown polylactic acid melt at 170-200 ℃;
s3, respectively filtering the melt-blown polypropylene melt and the melt-blown polylactic acid melt through a melt filter and metering by a metering pump, inputting the melt-blown polypropylene melt and the melt-blown polylactic acid melt into the same melt-blowing die head to be converged and sprayed, and blowing hot air at 260-280 ℃ on two sides of a spinneret orifice of the melt-blowing die head to obtain the high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber. The specific component contents are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 component contents (parts) of examples 1 to 5
Examples 6 to 9
The preparation method of examples 6-9 is the same as that of example 1, and the specific component contents are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 content (parts) of the components of examples 6 to 9
Examples 10 to 14
The preparation method of examples 10 to 14 is the same as that of example 1, and the specific component contents are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 component contents (parts) of examples 10 to 14
The preparation method of examples 15-19 is the same as that of example 1, and the specific component contents are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 content (parts) of Components of examples 15 to 19
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 provides a polylactic acid melt-blown composition, which is prepared by the same method as in example 1, except that the melt-blown polypropylene master batch is not added with a polyester type liquid crystal polymer, but is added with the same amount of a compatibilizer and an antioxidant.
Comparative example 2
Directly feeding the melt-blown polylactic acid resin slice C into a screw extruder, melting the melt-blown polylactic acid resin slice C into melt-blown polylactic acid melt at 170-200 ℃, conveying the melt-blown polylactic acid melt to a melt-blowing die head for blowing, preparing monocomponent melt-blown fibers under the hot air blowing action of 260-280 ℃ at two sides of a spinneret orifice of the melt-blowing die head, and bonding the monocomponent melt-blown fibers into a net by waste heat of the melt-blown fibers of the skin layer on a receiving device.
Performance testing
Breaking tension and elongation at break: sample size according to GB/T24218.3-2010 standard test: 50mm × 300mm, draw rate: 300mm/min.
The data of the examples and comparative examples are detailed in Table 5
TABLE 5
It can be seen from examples 6 to 9 and examples 10 to 12 that the melt flow rate of the polylactic acid resin and the melt flow rate of the polypropylene resin also have an effect on the strength of the polylactic acid fiber. The examples show that the strength of the polylactic acid fiber is obviously improved after the polyester liquid crystal polymer is added. The high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber can meet the requirements of longitudinal breaking tension of >9N and transverse breaking tension of >6N specified by FZ T64078-2019 standard (melt-blown non-woven fabric standard), and can be used as a raw material for preparing air filter materials.
As can be seen from comparative examples 1 and 2, the strength of the meltblown fabrics prepared by melt-blown polylactic acid alone is very low, mainly because the self-heating adhesive property of the melt-blown polylactic acid melt-blown fibers is poor, more thermal adhesive points cannot be formed during the lapping, the introduction of the melt-blown polypropylene fibers forms a sheath-core structure with the melt-blown polylactic acid fibers, and the strength of the polylactic acid melt-blown fabrics can be improved to a certain extent as a skin layer, but the strength is still lower; when the liquid crystal polymer material is added into the melt-blown polypropylene slice, the strength of the polylactic acid melt-blown cloth can be greatly improved, because the difference between the melt viscosity of the liquid crystal polymer and the melt viscosity of the melt-blown polypropylene is larger, and under the high-speed traction effect, the orientation degree of the melt-blown polypropylene fiber is greatly provided by the liquid crystal polymer melt under the drawing effect of the liquid crystal polymer melt.
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. The high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber is characterized by comprising a skin layer and a core layer wrapped by the skin layer, wherein the skin layer is a melt-blown polypropylene fiber layer, and the core layer is a melt-blown polylactic acid fiber layer; the cortex comprises melt-blown polypropylene resin, a compatilizer and polyester type liquid crystal polymers;
the melt-blown polylactic acid fiber layer is prepared from melt-blown polylactic acid resin, and the melt flow rate of the melt-blown polylactic acid resin is 10-200 g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg;
the melting point of the polyester type liquid crystal polymer is 280-370 ℃;
the melt flow rate of the melt-blown polypropylene resin at 230 ℃ and 2.16kg is 800-1800 g/10min.
2. The high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the sheath layer to the core layer is (5-10): (90-95).
3. The high strength polylactic acid melt blown fiber of claim 1, wherein the layer of melt blown polypropylene fiber comprises the following components:
the melt-blown polypropylene resin and melt-blown polypropylene master batch, wherein the mass ratio of the melt-blown polypropylene resin to the melt-blown polypropylene master batch is (80-90): (10-20);
in the melt-blown polypropylene master batch, 75-87 parts of melt-blown polypropylene resin are calculated according to parts by weight; 10-20 parts of polyester liquid crystal polymer; 3-5 parts of compatilizer; 0.2 to 0.4 part of antioxidant.
4. A high strength polylactic acid melt blown fiber according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the compatibilizer is polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride and/or propylene-ethylene copolymer.
5. The high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber according to claim 3, wherein the antioxidant is one or more of hindered phenol antioxidants, phosphite antioxidants or thio ester antioxidants.
6. The method for producing a high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1, uniformly mixing polypropylene resin, polyester liquid crystal polymer, compatilizer and antioxidant, and preparing melt-blown polypropylene master batch by melting and extruding;
s2, feeding melt-blown polypropylene resin and melt-blown polypropylene master batches into a first screw extruder, and melting into melt-blown polypropylene melt; feeding the melt-blown polylactic acid resin into a second screw extruder, and melting the melt-blown polylactic acid resin into melt;
s3, inputting the melt-blown polypropylene melt and the melt-blown polylactic acid melt into the same melt-blowing die head according to the metering proportion, and merging and spraying to obtain the high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber.
7. An air filter material characterized by being prepared from the high-strength polylactic acid melt-blown fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN115262090B (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2024-07-12 | 苏州优力凯新材料科技有限公司 | Degradable elastic polylactic acid melt-blown nonwoven material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115387023A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-11-25 | 广东汇齐新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric |
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| JP2010084301A (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2010-04-15 | Toray Ind Inc | Liquid-crystal polyester fiber |
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| US20120164905A1 (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2012-06-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Modified Polylactic Acid Fibers |
| US9540746B2 (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2017-01-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for manufacturing nonwoven web material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09156001A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1997-06-17 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Honeycomb substrate and method for manufacturing the same |
| JP2010084301A (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2010-04-15 | Toray Ind Inc | Liquid-crystal polyester fiber |
| CN104160077A (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2014-11-19 | 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 | Modified polylactic acid fibers |
| CN106103824A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2016-11-09 | 博爱辛普森维尔公司 | Comprise regenerating polypropylene component and the meltblown nonwoven web regenerating sustainable polymers compositions and preparation method thereof |
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