CN115387023A - Preparation method of TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric - Google Patents
Preparation method of TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric Download PDFInfo
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- CN115387023A CN115387023A CN202210921641.5A CN202210921641A CN115387023A CN 115387023 A CN115387023 A CN 115387023A CN 202210921641 A CN202210921641 A CN 202210921641A CN 115387023 A CN115387023 A CN 115387023A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/551—Resins thereof not provided for in groups D04H1/544 - D04H1/55
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 80-90 parts by weight of polylactic acid, 10-20 parts by weight of polyurethane elastomer, 5-10 parts by weight of compatilizer, 0.1-0.5 part by weight of antioxidant, 0.5-1 part by weight of stabilizer and 1-3 parts by weight of plasticizer, transferring the mixture into a double-screw extruder, melting, drawing, solidifying and molding, granulating and drying to obtain TPU/PLA plastic granules; and slicing the obtained TPU/PLA plastic particles, transferring the sliced TPU/PLA plastic particles into a double-screw extruder for heating, melting and homogenizing, drawing the TPU/PLA solution by high-speed hot air flow to form superfine fibers, condensing the superfine fibers onto a roller, and forming a non-woven fabric through self adhesion to prepare the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric. The TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric prepared by the invention has good hydrolysis resistance, good stability and high mechanical property and strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of non-woven fabrics, in particular to a preparation method of TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric.
Background
Nonwoven fabric is also called nonwoven fabric, which is a kind of fiber product. The forming principle of non-woven fabrics is quite different from the general weaving principle, and is mainly a sheet, a fiber web or a wadding which are made by mutually combining oriented or randomly arranged fibers, by friction, cohesion or adhesion, or a combination of the above methods, but does not include paper, and woven fabrics, knitted fabrics or stitch-bonded fabrics with stitch-bonded yarns, etc.
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a polymer with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, is derived from crops (such as corn) which are renewable resources, and has the most prominent advantage of biodegradability, and can be completely degraded by microorganisms in the nature after being used to finally generate carbon dioxide and water, so that the PLA does not pollute the environment and is very beneficial to protecting the environment. Compared with PET, the wastes of PA and PAN synthetic fibers can not be biodegraded, and PLA fibers have good biodegradability. The polylactic acid fiber has low and stable decomposition speed and gradually disappears after being buried in soil for 2 to 3 years. However, it is mixed with microorganisms and complex organic wastes, and it can be degraded in a short time, so polylactic acid fiber is an ideal biodegradable fiber.
The polylactic acid can be used for melt-blown non-woven fabric production in a wider temperature range, has higher tensile strength and compression modulus, but compared with the common melt-blown fabric, the obtained polylactic acid melt-blown non-woven fabric has a rougher surface, strong brittleness and poor impact resistance. PLA material has poor thermal stability, terminal ester-based molecular chains in a humid environment are easy to hydrolyze, are not acid-resistant and alkali-resistant, and the molecular weight of PLA material is greatly reduced when the PLA material is processed at a temperature lower than the melting temperature and the thermal decomposition temperature. In the processing process, the molecular chain orientation can greatly increase the mechanical strength, and the degradation speed is reduced.
Therefore, the PLA material needs to be compounded with other fibers, so that the performance of the polylactic acid composite material is improved, and the application range is widened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric aiming at the defects in the prior art, and the prepared TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric has excellent hydrolysis resistance, good stability and high mechanical property and strength.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing raw materials: 80-90 parts of polylactic acid, 10-20 parts of polyurethane elastomer, 5-10 parts of compatilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of antioxidant, 0.5-1 part of glycidyl ether and 1-3 parts of plasticizer;
(2) Uniformly mixing the raw materials in the step (1) according to the weight parts, transferring the mixture into a double-screw extruder, melting, drafting, solidifying and forming, granulating and drying to obtain TPU/PLA plastic particles;
(3) And (3) slicing the TPU/PLA plastic granules obtained in the step (2), transferring the sliced TPU/PLA plastic granules into a double-screw extruder for heating, melting and homogenizing, drawing the TPU/PLA solution by high-speed hot air flow to form superfine fibers, condensing the superfine fibers onto a roller, and forming a non-woven fabric through self adhesion to prepare the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric.
Further, the TPU/PLA plastic granules obtained in the step (2) are sliced and transferred into a double-screw extruder, the temperature is gradually increased to reach a molten state through three heating areas on the extruder, the obtained product is homogenized and then extruded from a die head, a TPU/PLA melt forms a melt trickle through a spinneret orifice of the die head, the melt trickle is subjected to drawing of high-speed hot air flow and cooling action of cold air on two sides of the die head to form superfine fibers, and the superfine fibers are condensed on a roller under the action of the air flow and are bonded to form the non-woven fabric.
Further, the die temperature was 250 ℃.
Further, the pressure of the high-speed hot air flow is 0.15-0.2MPa.
Further, the TPU/PLA melt flow rate is 5-10g/min.
Further, the extruder frequency was 1.5Hz, the take-up distance was 25cm, and the high-speed hot air stream temperature was 230 ℃.
Further, the twin-screw extruder is divided into a first temperature zone, a second temperature zone and a third temperature zone and the temperatures are respectively maintained as: the materials are conveyed along the first temperature zone, the second temperature zone and the third temperature zone in turn at 190 ℃, 210 ℃ and 220 ℃.
Further, the melting point of the polyurethane elastomer is 210 to 220 ℃.
Further, the compatilizer is polypropylene.
Further, the plasticizer is one or more of acetyl tributyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate and triethyl citrate.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric provided by the invention has the advantages that firstly, polylactic acid used as aggregate has good mechanical properties, namely good tensile strength and ductility, and other components can be embedded into the aggregate formed by the polylactic acid, so that the integrity of the whole material can be better, the impact strength of the material can be improved, and meanwhile, the tensile strength and the bending strength of the material can also be improved.
The thermoplastic polyurethane has good elasticity, and when the material is subjected to external acting force, the material can be well promoted to bear the action of bending force or tensile force, and meanwhile, the impact acting force can be well absorbed. The thermoplastic polyurethane can well prevent the material from breaking or cracking, and improves the bending strength and the tensile strength of the material.
The citrate plasticizer can weaken the secondary bond among the components, increase the mobility of the components, reduce the crystallinity and plasticity of the components, enhance the flexibility of the material and facilitate the processing.
The antioxidant prevents high-temperature oxidation in the plastic processing process, so that the plastic can retain the original performance of the plastic to the maximum extent after being sheared by the screw at high temperature.
The compatilizer polypropylene has high-strength mechanical property, good high-wear-resistance processing property, and good grafting and compounding functions, can achieve the effect of grafting among all components in the material, and can form tiny vertical structure distribution through the polypropylene in each tiny range and form a grid-like shape in parallel; therefore, when the material is subjected to external acting force, the acting force applied to the structure of the grid-shaped part can be conducted towards the periphery, so that the acting force can be dispersed, the local damage is well prevented, and the material has strong bending or impact strength from the outside; meanwhile, the polypropylene has sufficient strength, so that the strength of the material is further improved as a whole.
Compared with polylactic acid used as matrix resin, the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric has excellent hydrolysis resistance, thermal stability and mechanical property.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the detailed description of the invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Uniformly mixing 80 parts by weight of polylactic acid, 20 parts by weight of polyurethane elastomer with the melting point of 210-220 ℃, 5 parts by weight of polypropylene, 0.3 part by weight of antioxidant, 0.5 part by weight of glycidyl ether and 1 part by weight of triethyl citrate in a mixer, transferring into a double-screw extruder, melting, drawing, solidifying and molding, granulating, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain TPU/PLA plastic granules; slicing TPU/PLA plastic granules, transferring the sliced TPU/PLA plastic granules into a double-screw extruder, passing through three heating areas on the extruder, namely a first temperature area of 190 ℃, a second temperature area of 210 ℃ and a third temperature area of 220 ℃, gradually heating to reach a molten state, homogenizing, and then extruding from a die head, wherein the die head temperature is 250 ℃; and forming a melt stream by the TPU/PLA melt through a spinneret orifice of a die head, wherein the flow rate of the TPU/PLA melt is 10g/min, the melt stream is subjected to the drawing of high-speed hot air flow and the cooling action of cold air at two sides of the die head, the pressure of the high-speed hot air flow is 0.2Mpa, superfine fibers are formed, the superfine fibers are condensed on a roller under the action of the air flow, and a non-woven fabric is formed through self adhesion, so that the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric is prepared.
Example 2
Uniformly mixing 90 parts by weight of polylactic acid, 10 parts by weight of polyurethane elastomer with the melting point of 210-220 ℃, 10 parts by weight of polypropylene, 0.1 part by weight of antioxidant, 1 part by weight of glycidyl ether and 3 parts by weight of acetyl triethyl citrate in a mixer, transferring into a double-screw extruder, melting, drawing, solidifying and molding, granulating, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain TPU/PLA plastic granules; slicing TPU/PLA plastic granules, transferring the sliced TPU/PLA plastic granules into a double-screw extruder, passing through three heating areas on the extruder, namely a first temperature area of 190 ℃, a second temperature area of 210 ℃ and a third temperature area of 220 ℃, gradually heating to reach a molten state, homogenizing, and then extruding from a die head, wherein the die head temperature is 250 ℃; the TPU/PLA fusant forms fusant trickle through a spinneret orifice of a die head, the flow rate of the TPU/PLA fusant is 5g/min, the fusant trickle is subjected to the drawing of high-speed hot air flow and the cooling action of cold air at two sides of the die head, the pressure of the high-speed hot air flow is 0.15Mpa, superfine fibers are formed, the superfine fibers are condensed on a roller under the action of the air flow, and the non-woven fabric is formed through self-adhesion, so that the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric is prepared.
Example 3
Uniformly mixing 80 parts by weight of polylactic acid, 20 parts by weight of polyurethane elastomer with the melting point of 210-220 ℃, 5 parts by weight of polypropylene, 0.5 part by weight of antioxidant, 0.8 part by weight of glycidyl ether and 1 part by weight of tributyl citrate in a mixer, transferring into a double-screw extruder, melting, drawing, solidifying and forming, granulating, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain TPU/PLA plastic granules; slicing TPU/PLA plastic granules, transferring the sliced TPU/PLA plastic granules into a double-screw extruder, passing through three heating areas on the extruder, namely a first temperature area of 190 ℃, a second temperature area of 210 ℃ and a third temperature area of 220 ℃, gradually heating to reach a molten state, homogenizing, and then extruding from a die head, wherein the die head temperature is 250 ℃; and forming a melt stream by the TPU/PLA melt through a spinneret orifice of a die head, wherein the flow rate of the TPU/PLA melt is 8g/min, the melt stream is subjected to the drawing of high-speed hot air flow and the cooling action of cold air at two sides of the die head, the pressure of the high-speed hot air flow is 0.18Mpa, superfine fibers are formed, the superfine fibers are condensed on a roller under the action of the air flow, and the superfine fibers are bonded by themselves to form a non-woven fabric, so that the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric is prepared.
Example 4
Uniformly mixing 90 parts by weight of polylactic acid, 10 parts by weight of polyurethane elastomer with the melting point of 210-220 ℃, 8 parts by weight of polypropylene, 0.2 part by weight of antioxidant, 0.6 part by weight of glycidyl ether and 2 parts by weight of acetyl tributyl citrate in a mixer, transferring into a double-screw extruder, melting, drafting, solidifying and forming, granulating, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain TPU/PLA plastic granules; slicing TPU/PLA plastic particles, transferring the sliced TPU/PLA plastic particles into a double-screw extruder, passing through three heating areas on the extruder, namely a first temperature area of 190 ℃, a second temperature area of 210 ℃ and a third temperature area of 220 ℃, gradually heating to reach a molten state, homogenizing, and extruding from a die head, wherein the temperature of the die head is 250 ℃; and forming a melt stream by the TPU/PLA melt through a spinneret orifice of a die head, wherein the flow rate of the TPU/PLA melt is 5g/min, the melt stream is subjected to the drawing of high-speed hot air flow and the cooling action of cold air at two sides of the die head, the pressure of the high-speed hot air flow is 0.2Mpa, superfine fibers are formed, the superfine fibers are condensed on a roller under the action of the air flow, and the superfine fibers are bonded by themselves to form a non-woven fabric, so that the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric is prepared.
Mechanical property tests were performed on the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite nonwoven fabrics prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1 (a modified polylactic acid nonwoven fabric purchased in the market):
the tensile strength (MPa) and breaking strength of the material are tested by GB1040-79,
the impact strength (KJ/m) of the material was tested by GB/T1843-2008/ISO 180:2000 2 )，
The 10 data tested for each group were averaged separately and the test results were reported in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric prepared by the embodiment has high strength and good elasticity, and can meet the requirements of practical application.
Compared with polylactic acid used as matrix resin, the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric has excellent hydrolysis resistance, thermal stability and mechanical property.
Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can also make appropriate changes and modifications to the above-described embodiments, based on the disclosure of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing raw materials: 80-90 parts of polylactic acid, 10-20 parts of polyurethane elastomer, 5-10 parts of compatilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of antioxidant, 0.5-1 part of glycidyl ether and 1-3 parts of plasticizer;
(2) Uniformly mixing the raw materials in the step (1) according to the weight part, transferring the mixture into a double-screw extruder, melting, drawing, solidifying and forming, granulating and drying to obtain TPU/PLA plastic particles;
(3) And (3) slicing the TPU/PLA plastic particles obtained in the step (2), transferring the sliced TPU/PLA plastic particles into a double-screw extruder for heating, melting and homogenizing, drawing the TPU/PLA solution by high-speed hot air flow to form superfine fibers, condensing the superfine fibers onto a roller, and forming non-woven fabric through self bonding to obtain the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric.
2. The method for preparing the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) slicing the TPU/PLA plastic granules obtained in the step (2), transferring the sliced TPU/PLA plastic granules into a double-screw extruder, gradually heating the extruded TPU/PLA plastic granules to a molten state through three heating areas on the extruder, extruding the extruded TPU/PLA plastic granules from a die head after homogenization, forming melt trickle through spinneret orifices of the die head, forming superfine fibers by drawing of high-speed hot air flow and cooling action of cold air on two sides of the die head, condensing the superfine fibers on a roller under the action of the air flow, and forming non-woven fabrics through self adhesion.
3. The method for preparing the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric according to claim 2, characterized in that: the die temperature was 250 ℃.
4. The method for preparing the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the pressure of the high-speed hot air flow is 0.15-0.2MPa.
5. The method for preparing the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric according to claim 2, characterized in that: the TPU/PLA melt flow is 5-10g/min.
6. The method for preparing the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric according to claim 2, characterized in that: the extruder frequency was 1.5Hz, the take-up distance was 25cm, and the high-speed hot air stream temperature was 230 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric according to claim 2, characterized in that: the twin-screw extruder is divided into a first temperature zone, a second temperature zone and a third temperature zone and the temperatures are respectively maintained as follows: the materials are conveyed along the first temperature zone, the second temperature zone and the third temperature zone in turn at 190 ℃, 210 ℃ and 220 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: the melting point of the polyurethane elastomer is 210-220 ℃.
9. The preparation method of the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compatilizer is polypropylene.
10. The method for preparing the TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plasticizer is one or more of acetyl tributyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate and triethyl citrate.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210921641.5A CN115387023A (en) | 2022-08-02 | 2022-08-02 | Preparation method of TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric |
| PCT/CN2022/112266 WO2024026921A1 (en) | 2022-08-02 | 2022-08-12 | Preparation method for tpu/pla melt-blown composite non-woven fabric |
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| CN202210921641.5A CN115387023A (en) | 2022-08-02 | 2022-08-02 | Preparation method of TPU/PLA melt-blown composite non-woven fabric |
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| WO (1) | WO2024026921A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117552183A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2024-02-13 | 黄河三角洲京博化工研究院有限公司 | Elastic non-woven fabric and manufacturing process and application thereof |
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