The melt spraying non-woven fabrics and the manufacture method thereof of a kind of ultra-fine melt spraying non-woven fabrics composite material, its preparation
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of textiles, in particular, relate to the melt spraying non-woven fabrics and the manufacture method thereof of a kind of ultra-fine melt spraying non-woven fabrics composite material, its preparation.
Background technology
Ultra-fine melt spraying non-woven fabrics grows with each passing day in high-efficiency filtering material field demand, it is very high to the requirement of equipment that present stage prepares ultra-fine melt spraying non-woven fabrics, has only foreign equipment manufacturers of a few family such as Lay sweet smell, Niu Mage, Rieter, method are auspicious, Xi Ersi can make high performance equipment at present.
Melt blown non-woven technology as Lai Fen company uses in high-end filtration art improves in spinning and drawing-off, by changing the demand that performance indications such as fibre web aperture, fabric bulkiness or fibre diameter satisfy industry.Healtech S. A.'s emphasis has been released the production system that melts and sprays near Nano grade, it is said the PP raw material that utilizes high fusion index and special die head, the average fineness that melts and sprays that it spins out is 250nm, Denier range is between 25~400nm, the spinnerets hole count that its special die head adopts is 100 holes/inch or higher, the centre-to-centre spacing of Kong Yukong is 0.115mm, and the diameter in hole is 0.11mm.
For reaching the purpose of preparation superfine fibre, each company all requires the meltblown beam orifice diameter and the hole centre-to-centre spacing of processing as far as possible little, but such die head makes that the extrusion pressure of melt is too high, and the extrusion swelling phenomenon easily takes place in the exit, cause the fiber doubling, product quality descends.
Generation for fear of this phenomenon, offshore company all adopts special technique to prepare the meltblown beam of high length-diameter ratio, part enterprise die head draw ratio even up to 60: 1, the meltblown beam for preparing this high length-diameter ratio has proposed high requirement to machining technique, equipment.The domestic restriction that is subjected to the machined level, equipment precision are difficult to reach the requirement of preparation high length-diameter ratio meltblown beam, and domestic general meltblown beam spinnerets draw ratio is for being generally 15: 1 or 20: 1.
Though use melting and spraying PP Pipe Compound and can reducing melt in the melt blown process doubling phenomenon that behavior caused that swells of high fusion index, but because the certain applications field proposes certain requirement to filter material intensity, and high fusion index to melt and spray the prepared filter material intensity of PP Pipe Compound lower, can not satisfy instructions for use.
Patent application 200610130079.5 discloses a kind of double component molten and jetted non-woven fabric, its by PP and PET according to 30~70: 70~30 mixed processes, thereby improves elasticity, intensity and the durability of existing melt-blowing nonwoven.But what this patent application was adopted is that two kinds of materials are extruded respectively, thereby forms a kind of parallel type double component molten and jetted non-woven fabric.These two kinds of materials are that branch comes and arranges side by side.This scheme still can not solve the complexity problem of spray silk technology.
In view of this, special propose the present invention,, reduce the rate that swells of melt when spinnerets comes out, utilize the spinnerets of conventional draw ratio to realize the preparation of ultra-fine melt spraying non-woven fabrics by raw material is carried out modification.
Summary of the invention
One of the object of the invention is to provide a kind of ultra-fine melt spraying non-woven fabrics composite material, can reduce the outlet of melt when spinnerets the is extruded rate that swells when utilizing this material preparation melt spraying non-woven fabrics;
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide the melt spraying non-woven fabrics of the above-mentioned material preparation of a kind of usefulness, and this nonwoven fabric has good intensity;
Still a further object of the present invention provides the preparation method of above-mentioned melt spraying non-woven fabrics, and this method can be used common die head of the prior art, and avoids using the expensive device of import.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
A kind of ultra-fine melt spraying non-woven fabrics composite material, described composite material is used to prepare ultra-fine melt spraying non-woven fabrics, it comprises polypropylene I and polypropylene II, described polypropylene I is the polypropylene of melt index 80~400g/10min, be preferably the polypropylene of 150~400g/10min, described polypropylene II is the polypropylene of melt index 800~2000g/10min, is preferably the polypropylene of 1200~1600g/10min; Described polypropylene I and polypropylene II weight ratio are 10: 90~90: 10, and preferred weight ratio is 25: 75~75: 25; More preferably weight ratio is 40: 60~60: 40.
The present invention adopts two kinds of polypropylene in the particular melt index range to make composite material, this material can improve common non-woven fabric with the polypropylene material high problem of rate that swells, the doubling phenomenon taking place extruding Shi Buhui, can keep the intensity of nonwoven fabric simultaneously because of swelling.
A kind of melt spraying non-woven fabrics of using composite material preparation noted earlier, described nonwoven fabric is prepared by the front blended fiber.
Also can overcome the high problem of the rate of swelling though use the polypropylene material of high fusion index to produce melt spraying non-woven fabrics, the fibre strength that makes is low, and this nonwoven fabric is very easily damaged, has limited it and has used widely.Also can often need replacing simultaneously, and make troubles, and increase the weight of user's financial cost to the user because of easily broken.And the melt spraying non-woven fabrics intensity of using polypropylene composite material preparation of the present invention is strengthened greatly, and durability is greatly improved.
According to foregoing melt spraying non-woven fabrics, described nonwoven fabric longitudinal tensile strength 350~750CN, transverse tensile strength 150~350CN; Preferred longitudinal tensile strength 550~700CN, transverse tensile strength 270~300CN.
Adopt the melt spraying non-woven fabrics of material preparation of the present invention, its tensile strength is furnished with obvious enhancing than the nonwoven of one-component preparation, has expanded its use field.
According to foregoing melt spraying non-woven fabrics, described melt spraying non-woven fabrics fibre diameter is 0.01~20 micron; Preferred 0.1~10 micron.
A kind of method for preparing blended fiber noted earlier comprises the steps:
(1) polypropylene I and polypropylene II were mixed by weight 10: 90~90: 10 after, preferably by weight 25: 75~75: 25, after more preferably mixing, carry out granulation by weight 40: 60~60: 40;
(2) behind the particulate material process extruder heating and melting that above-mentioned granulation is obtained, distribute runner to be extruded by the spinneret orifice on the die head through melt, through the super times drawing-off of thermal current, the fiber cooling curing of super-refinement is deposited on the collecting net equipment, be wound into net, promptly obtain melt spraying non-woven fabrics.
Here the described mixing of step (1), granulation all can be with reference to prior aries.
According to foregoing method, the described granulation of step (1) is the twin-screw granulation, and extruder temperature is controlled at 100~245 ℃, preferred 130~195 ℃.
According to foregoing preparation method, the spinnerets draw ratio of the described die head of step (2) is present domestic normally used common melt-blowing equipment die head draw ratio, and wherein comparatively common draw ratio is 10: 1~20: 1, and most preferred draw ratio is 15: 1.
According to foregoing preparation method, it is characterized in that the described hot stream temperature of step (2) is controlled at 100~400 ℃, preferred 200~350 ℃, more preferably 250~300 ℃; Described gas pressure is controlled at 0.1~0.6MPa, preferred 0.2~0.4MPa.
According to foregoing preparation method, the described extruder control of step (2) temperature is 100~300 ℃, preferred 150~285 ℃; Described distribution runner temperature is controlled at 200~300 ℃, preferred 240~285 ℃; Described die head temperature is controlled at 200~300 ℃, preferred 240~285 ℃.
Common polypropylene material needs very high length-diameter ratio, generally needs the die head of draw ratio up to 60: 1 to spray silk, and it is very expensive to possess the equipment of this die head, has increased the production cost of melt spraying non-woven fabrics undoubtedly.Having adopted composite material of the present invention, is 10: 90~90: 10 by weight ratio promptly, and preferred weight ratio is 25: 75~75: 25; More preferably weight ratio is the composite material that 40: 60~60: 40 polypropylene I and polypropylene II form, and can use common draw ratio is that 10: 1~20: 1 die head carries out the production of nonwoven fabric.And the polypropylene that described polypropylene I is melt index 80~400g/10min is preferably the polypropylene of 150~400g/10min, and described polypropylene II is the polypropylene of melt index 800~2000g/10min, is preferably the polypropylene of 1200~1600g/10min.The melt spraying non-woven fabrics cost that this method is produced is low, reasonable price, and nonwoven fabric good product quality, and the intensity height, Application Areas is broad more.
In sum, technical solution of the present invention has following advantage:
(1) material of the present invention is compared with conventional melt-blown material, can reduce outlet when spinneret orifice the is extruded rate that swells, and reduces the generation of doubling phenomenon;
(2) processing cost is low, uses blended fiber manufacturing melt spraying non-woven fabrics of the present invention and need not to use special installation;
(3) the fine footpath of the nonwoven fabric that obtains of the present invention is little, and intensity is good;
(4) nonwoven fabric that obtains of the present invention has littler fibre web aperture and better strainability, can satisfy the application requirements in multiple field.
The specific embodiment
The following examples will be done to explain more specifically to the present invention, but the present invention is not limited only to these embodiment, and these embodiment do not limit the present invention in any way yet equally.
Embodiment 1-9
The preparation method of the PP Pipe Compound of ultra-fine melt spraying non-woven fabrics:
Polypropylene I, polypropylene II sees Table 1.Two kinds of raw material blend ratios are pressed listed blend in the table 2, and through the twin-screw granulation, extruder temperature is controlled at 130 ℃~195 ℃.
Two kinds of raw materials melt indexes of table 1 (g/10min)
Embodiment |
??1 |
??2 |
??3 |
??4 |
??5 |
??6 |
??7 |
??8 |
??9 |
??I |
??80 |
??200 |
??370 |
??150 |
??400 |
??300 |
??100 |
??250 |
??350 |
??II |
??1500 |
??1200 |
??1000 |
??1200 |
??1500 |
??1600 |
??1800 |
??2000 |
??800 |
Two kinds of raw material blend of table 2 ratio (%)
Embodiment |
??1 |
??2 |
??3 |
??4 |
??5 |
??6 |
??7 |
??8 |
??9 |
??I |
??25 |
??30 |
??40 |
??50 |
??60 |
??70 |
??75 |
??90 |
??10 |
??II |
??75 |
??70 |
??60 |
??50 |
??40 |
??30 |
??25 |
??10 |
??90 |
The preparation method of ultra-fine melt spraying non-woven fabrics:
With polypropylene I, the II of the described different melt index of table 1 according to the described mixed granulation of corresponding table 2 after, described mixing granulation is any mixing granulation of prior art.After the particle that obtains is heated into molten condition by extruder, extrude through the spinneret orifice that melt distributes runner to arrive the die head front end.It is 3 listed that gas jet pressure, gas temperature see Table.Gas jet will surpass a times drawing-off from the fiber that spinneret orifice is extruded, and form superfine fibre, after gathering-device is made quantitative superfine fibre fabric.The spinnerets draw ratio of described die head is 10: 1~20: 1.
Perhaps with polypropylene I, the II of the described different melt index of table 1 according to the described mixed of corresponding table 2 after with twin-screw granulation granulation, extruder temperature is controlled between 100~245 ℃ of scopes, if can be controlled between 130~195 ℃, effect can be desirable more.The described any mixing that is mixed into prior art, granulation process also can be with reference to prior art.After the particle that obtains is heated into molten condition by extruder, extrude through the spinneret orifice that melt distributes runner to arrive the die head front end.It is 3 listed that extruder temperature, runner temperature, die head temperature, gas jet pressure, gas temperature see Table.Gas jet will surpass a times drawing-off from the fiber that spinneret orifice is extruded, and form superfine fibre, after gathering-device is made quantitative superfine fibre fabric.The spinnerets draw ratio of described die head is any draw ratio of common spray silk die head spinnerets commonly used at present.
Table 3 main technique condition and fiber parameter
Embodiment |
??1 |
??2 |
??3 |
??4 |
??5 |
??6 |
??7 |
??8 |
??9 |
Gas pressure (MPa) |
??0.4 |
??0.4 |
??0.3 |
??0.3 |
??0.2 |
??0.1 |
??0.5 |
??0.6 |
??0.5 |
Gas temperature (℃) |
??300 |
??250 |
??300 |
??200 |
??350 |
??100 |
??400 |
??150 |
??200 |
Melt exports the rate that swells |
??1.16 |
??1.11 |
??1.16 |
??1.14 |
??1.14 |
??1.18 |
??1.18 |
??1.20 |
??1.19 |
Fibre diameter (μ m) |
??3-8 |
??0.1-0.5 |
??1-5 |
??3-8 |
??0.5-3 |
??10-15 |
??5-10 |
??15-20 |
??5-10 |
Extruder temperature (℃) |
??230 |
??245 |
??235 |
??255 |
??270 |
??280 |
??265 |
??285 |
??240 |
Distribution runner temperature (℃) |
??235 |
??250 |
??240 |
??260 |
??260 |
??280 |
??270 |
??290 |
??245 |
Die head temperature (℃) |
??230 |
??245 |
??240 |
??255 |
??260 |
??280 |
??270 |
??285 |
??240 |
Embodiment 10
Prepare some batches of nonwoven fabric with the composite material of describing among the present invention, and pick out part representative to enumerate its strength range as follows:
Table 4, nonwoven fabric intensity of the present invention
Batch |
??1 |
??2 |
??3 |
??4 |
??5 |
Longitudinal tensile strength (CN) |
??350~400 |
??450~500 |
??550~600 |
??650~700 |
??700~750 |
Transverse tensile strength (CN) |
??150~180 |
??200~230 |
??230~260 |
??270~300 |
??300~350 |
Annotate: the nonwoven fabric grammes per square metre is 45g/m
2
Comparative example 1
For illustrating that nonwoven fabric of the present invention has the incomparable performance of nonwoven fabric of common material preparation, the melt spraying non-woven fabrics that the special melt spraying non-woven fabrics that material of the present invention is obtained obtains with common material carries out the strength test experiment, and it is as follows to enumerate the nonwoven fabric strength range of the single polypropylene material preparation of different melt index:
The nonwoven fabric intensity of table 5, the single polypropylene material preparation of different melt index and the outlet rate that swells contrast
Melt index (g/10min) |
??1400 |
??1000 |
??800 |
??2000 |
Longitudinal tensile strength (CN) |
??250~270 |
??280~300 |
??400~450 |
??220~240 |
Transverse tensile strength (CN) |
??100~150 |
??210~220 |
??240~260 |
??90~110 |
The fiber outlet rate that swells |
??1.11 |
??1.16 |
??1.24 |
??1.10 |
Annotate: the nonwoven fabric grammes per square metre is 45g/m
2
As seen from the above table, have the low rate that swells although adopt single polypropylene material than high fusion index to prepare when melt spraying non-woven fabrics also can make the filament ejection, the nonwoven fabric TENSILE STRENGTH of making is starkly lower than melt spraying non-woven fabrics of the present invention.The nonwoven fabric of this homogenous material is more prone to damage, and its range of application is also smaller.The nonwoven fabric intensity of the bi-component polypropylene material preparation in other melt index scope is:
The nonwoven fabric intensity of the bi-component polypropylene material preparation of table 6, other melt index scope and the outlet rate that swells contrast
Melt index (g/10min) and content |
??450,50% ??1000,50% |
??500,60% ??800,40% |
??50,40% ??1500,60% |
??350,50% ??2500,50% |
Longitudinal tensile strength (CN) |
??370~390 |
??410~450 |
??400~450 |
??300~320 |
Transverse tensile strength (CN) |
??170~180 |
??200~220 |
??250~280 |
??100~120 |
The fiber outlet rate that swells |
??1.31 |
??1.36 |
??1.24 |
??1.15 |
In the superincumbent form, when the rate of swelling surpassed 1.20, doubling can take place and have a strong impact on the nonwoven fabric quality in the spray silk.