Multi-section spectrum adjustable steady-state solar simulator
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of scientific test instruments, relates to a solar simulator technology, and is suitable for sunlight simulation during photoelectric performance test of a multi-junction solar cell.
Background
The solar simulator can be used for the measurement of a photoelectric detector, illumination test and the like, and is an important component particularly in the field of photoelectric performance test of solar cells. The photoelectric performance of the solar cell is closely related to the solar spectrum distribution, so that the solar simulator is required to have consistent light intensity and higher spectrum mismatch degree, the photoelectric performance measurement of the multi-junction solar cell is required to be matched with the multi-junction structure of the solar cell, a multi-band adjustable function can be realized, the accurate measurement of the multi-junction solar cell is met, and the solar cell can be applied to various spectrum application environments in the deep space detection fields of ground spectrum, space AM0 spectrum, Mars spectrum and the like.
At present, multiband adjustable solar simulators suitable for testing multi-junction solar cells mainly comprise two main types:
one is a compound eye structure of a single light source combined multiband filter, and a typical structure schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1. Wherein, the single light source can adopt light sources such as xenon lamp, metal halide lamp, etc.; the point light source is transmitted to the reflecting mirror after being condensed by the ellipsoidal reflecting mirror, passes through the optical integrator after being reflected for multiple times according to the optical design, is matched with the multiband filter plate group at the light-emitting position, is recombined and projected onto an optical plane by the compound eye light, and can change the reflecting mirror by increasing the light path according to different light-emitting mode requirements. On one hand, the technical route has longer optical path, needs a lamp source with higher power and has larger power consumption; on the other hand, because the illumination of a single compound eye is not uniform and is limited by the irradiation area, the irradiation uniformity of the light spot formed by recombining the adjusting light from a plurality of compound eyes is poor, the irradiation area is small, and the more the number of adjustable wave bands is, the worse the characteristic is.
The second type is a multi-light source technology, in which the same number of light sources and filters are arranged according to the number of junctions of the solar cell, and a typical structural diagram is shown in fig. 2. Firstly, selecting different lamp sources according to different wave band requirements, selecting a xenon lamp or a metal halogen lamp in a conventional short wave band, and selecting a halogen tungsten lamp in a long wave band; then, each point light source is focused to a beam splitter through an ellipsoidal reflector, and finally converged to an optical integrator for dodging, and then the corresponding light path is selected according to the light emitting mode to change the reflector, and finally a beam of light spots is given out through the collimation diameter. On one hand, the solar simulator with the multiple filters and the multiple light sources combined has more light sources and complex light path structure, and is attenuated more after passing through the multiple beam combining mirrors, so that the difficulty is higher when the number of adjustable wave bands is larger; on the other hand, because a plurality of light sources are limited by the irradiation area, the irradiation light spot is small, the cost is high, and especially, the difficulty of the adjustable solar simulator with more than four wave bands is higher, and the cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the solar simulator overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides the low-cost stable solar simulator which has good spectrum matching, good uniformity, flexible adjustment, large-area light spots and capability of realizing multi-section spectrum adjustment.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a multi-segmented spectrally tunable steady-state solar simulator, comprising: a high-matching primary specific spectral system, a multiband fine tuning system and a dodging parallel system, wherein:
high matching primary specific spectroscopy system: generating a required spectrum by using the light source and the filter plate;
a multiband fine tuning system: adjusting the radiation intensity of the required spectra of different spectral bands, and sending the adjusted spectra to a light homogenizing parallel system;
dodging parallel system: and parallelizing the adjusted spectrum to enable the light spots finally reaching the test plane to be more parallel and uniform.
Optionally, the high-matching primary specific spectroscopy system comprises: the light source generates initial point-shaped light, the light source is positioned at the focal position of the ellipsoidal reflector, and the point-shaped light of the light source is reflected by the ellipsoidal reflector to form approximately parallel light; the specific spectrum filter plate is used for filtering the approximately parallel light and filtering a part of spectrum with the spectral intensity higher than the required spectral intensity, so that the finally obtained spectrum meets the mismatch degree required by the specific spectrum within the required wavelength range.
Optionally, the light source is a xenon lamp, a metal halide lamp or a halogen tungsten lamp.
Optionally, the ellipsoidal reflector is made of a metal material, and is polished, then is vapor-coated with an aluminum film or a silver film, and is additionally coated with an anti-oxidation protective film.
Optionally, the multi-band fine tuning system comprises: the system comprises a trap filter group, a multiband compensation LED module and a beam combiner, wherein the trap filter group adjusts the energy of incident light to ensure that the total intensity of the spectrum of a specific spectrum band is slightly lower than the standard intensity of the spectrum; the multiband compensation LED module is used for compensating total radiation intensity in different required wave bands; the beam combining mirror converges and superposes the compensation light of the multiband compensation LED module and the multiband spectrum corrected by the trap filter group, and then irradiates to the next stage.
Optionally, the multiband compensation LED module includes a heat dissipation system, a power supply circuit board, an LED array, and a first fresnel lens; the LED array comprises a plurality of groups of LED lamp arrays, each group of LED lamp arrays selects LEDs with corresponding light-emitting characteristic peaks according to different required spectral wave bands, and the energy of each LED is adjusted to compensate the corrected spectrum of different wave bands; the power supply circuit board controls the compensation quantity of each LED; the first Fresnel lens enables light emitted by the LED array to be more uniform and parallel; the heat dissipation system performs heat dissipation treatment on the LED array.
Optionally, the heat dissipation system is a heat sink combined with a heat dissipation plate, or a heat sink combined with a heat dissipation fan.
Optionally, the notch filter has a plurality of groups, and each group corresponds to an energy range of a spectral band.
Optionally, the dodging parallel system includes a second fresnel lens, an optical integrator, and a collimator objective, and the second fresnel lens focuses the converged and superimposed light onto the optical integrator; the optical integrator divides the superposed spectrum into a plurality of point light sources, so that the spectrum is more uniform; the collimating objective lens parallelizes the light source formed by superposing the multiple point light sources emitted from the optical integrator, irradiates the light source on a test plane, and provides a light source for testing the photoelectric performance of the solar cell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention adopts the main light source (xenon lamp or metal halogen lamp or halogen tungsten lamp) and the filter plate, and can provide the spectrum mismatch degree better than +/-12.5 percent;
(2) the Fresnel lens, the optical integrator and the collimating lens are combined, so that a more uniform illumination surface can be obtained;
(3) according to the invention, a combination mode of a trap filter and an LED is adopted on the light spot with low mismatching degree to realize multiband fine and flexible adjustment, so that multiband adjustment is more flexible and convenient;
(4) the invention has shorter light path, less light intensity attenuation and higher conversion efficiency;
(5) the invention can realize the light spot with larger irradiation area through the main light source of the long light source;
(6) the invention adopts a combination mode of the trap filter and the LED to realize multiband adjustment, and has simple structure and lower cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a compound-eye solar simulator with a single light source combined multiband filter in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional multi-light source combined multi-filter solar simulator;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a multi-spectral tunable steady-state solar simulator according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
10-a lamp source, 11-an ellipsoidal reflector and 12-a specific spectral filter; 20-a notch filter group, 21-a beam combiner, 22-a first Fresnel lens, 23-an LED array, 24-a power supply circuit board and 25-a heat dissipation system; 30-second fresnel lens, 31-optical integrator, 32-collimator objective.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 3, the multi-band spectrum tunable steady-state solar simulator of the present invention comprises: high matching primary specific spectral systems, multi-band fine tuning systems and dodging parallel systems.
High matching primary specific spectroscopy system: the function is that a point light source or a long light source (a xenon lamp, a metal halogen lamp, a halogen tungsten lamp and the like can be selected) is focused by an ellipsoidal reflector and then passes through a specific spectrum filter plate, a specific spectrum can be generated, such as a space AM0 spectrum, a ground AM1.5 spectrum and the like, and the filtered light is sent to a multi-waveband fine adjustment system.
A multiband fine tuning system: the method has the effects that whether the specific spectrum with high matching is filtered by a trap filter (positive) or supplemented by an LED light source (negative) is determined according to the positive and negative of the total intensity of different required wave bands, and the specific spectrum is finely adjusted and then sent to a dodging parallel system.
Dodging parallel system: and the finely adjusted high-matching specific spectrum is subjected to parallel processing, so that light spots finally reaching the test plane are more parallel and uniform.
The high matching primary specific spectroscopy system comprises: a light source 10, an ellipsoidal reflector 11 and a specific spectral filter 12. The light source 10 may be a xenon lamp, a metal halide lamp, a tungsten halide lamp, or the like. The light source 10 is located at the focal point of the ellipsoidal reflector 11, and the point light source of the light source 10 is reflected by the ellipsoidal reflector 11 to approximate parallel light. The ellipsoidal reflector 11 may be made of metal such as aluminum, and is polished and then coated with an aluminum film or a silver film and an anti-oxidation protective film by evaporation. The specific spectrum filter 12 partially filters a part of spectrum radiated from the lamp source according to the spectrum requirement, which is higher than the required spectrum intensity, so that the finally obtained spectrum meets the mismatch degree of the specific spectrum requirement within the required wavelength range. For example, a filter in the spatial AM0 spectrum system can filter the light source spectrum by using a glass substrate evaporation selective optical film, so that the mismatch degree of the light source spectrum and the AM0 spectrum can be less than 12.5 percent and reach A + level.
A multi-band fine tuning system comprising: a notch filter set 20, a multiband compensation LED module and a beam combining mirror 21. The notch filter 20 is a set of filters that reduces the total light intensity in the desired modulation band, and the notch energy range of the notch filter can be selected (e.g., 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%) to have a total intensity slightly below the standard intensity of the particular spectrum. The multiband compensation LED module is used for compensating total radiation intensity in different required wave bands with high precision. The multiband compensation LED module comprises a heat dissipation system 25, a power supply circuit board 24, an LED array 23 and a first Fresnel lens 22. The LED array 23 is a plurality of groups of LED lamp arrays, each group of LED lamp array is formed by selecting LEDs with corresponding light-emitting characteristic peaks according to different required spectral wave bands, the corrected spectra of different wave bands are compensated by adjusting the energy of each LED, the compensation size of each LED is controlled by the power supply circuit board 24, and finally the standard intensity of a specific spectrum is achieved. The first fresnel lens 22 makes the light emitted by the LED array 23 more uniform and parallel. The heat dissipation system 25 is a heat dissipation device configured to ensure the normal operation of the LED array 23, and may be a heat sink combined with a heat dissipation plate or a heat sink combined with a heat dissipation fan. The beam combining mirror 21 converges and superposes the LED array 23, the corrected and trapped multi-spectral-band spectrum and the LED compensation light, and then irradiates the next stage.
The dodging parallel system includes: a second fresnel lens 30, an optical integrator 31, and a collimator objective lens 32. The second fresnel lens 30 focuses the collected and superimposed light onto an optical integrator 31. The optical integrator 31 divides the superimposed spectrum into a plurality of point light sources to make the spectrum more uniform. The collimator objective lens 32 parallelizes the light source obtained by superimposing the plurality of point light sources emitted from the optical integrator 31, and irradiates the light source on a test plane to provide a light source for testing the photoelectric performance of the solar cell.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.