CN114041218A - 用于硅石墨阳极的水基pvdf浆料配制剂 - Google Patents
用于硅石墨阳极的水基pvdf浆料配制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114041218A CN114041218A CN202080047907.7A CN202080047907A CN114041218A CN 114041218 A CN114041218 A CN 114041218A CN 202080047907 A CN202080047907 A CN 202080047907A CN 114041218 A CN114041218 A CN 114041218A
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- formulation
- anode
- hexafluoropropylene
- water
- functionalized
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Classifications
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- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
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- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含水性粘合剂的硅石墨阳极、其制备方法及其在Li‑离子电池中的用途。本发明的另外主题为通过引入该电极材料而制造的Li‑离子电池。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及在Li-离子型锂蓄电池(battery)中储蓄电能的领域。更具体地,本发明涉及包括水性粘合剂的硅石墨阳极、其制备方法及其在Li-离子电池中的用途。本发明的另外主题为通过引入该电极材料而制造的Li-离子电池。
背景技术
Li-离子蓄电池或锂电池的基本单元电池(单元电池,elementary cell)包括阳极(放电时)和通常由金属氧化物型锂嵌入化合物例如LiMn2O4、LiCoO2或LiNiO2制成的阴极(同样在放电时),在它们之间插入传导锂离子的电解质。
负极处的常规活性材料通常为锂金属、石墨、硅/碳复合材料、硅、CFx型氟石墨(其中x在0和1之间)和LiTi5O12型钛酸盐。基于碳的阳极材料例如石墨和硬碳已经被证明具有稳定的循环性质且为可靠的,但尚未展现高容量。来自周期表碳族的阳极材料例如锡(Sn)、锗(Ge)和硅(Si)展现较高的容量。特别地,硅(Si)由于其4200mAh/g的高理论容量而是极具希望的阳极材料,该理论容量比石墨的最大理论容量(372mAh/g)高得多。然而,硅阳极诟病于在充电-放电过程期间大的体积变化,并且这些体积变化导致在硅颗粒和传导剂(conducting agent)之间的电接触的损失以及由此的快速容量损失。硅-石墨电池电极绕开这些问题。石墨相在改善所述材料的循环性能方面起到重要作用,如Dimov N.等人J.Power Sources 136(2004),第108-114页所示的。
粘合剂的选择容许解决与Si体积膨胀相关的问题。聚(偏二氟乙烯)(PVDF)因其优异的电化学稳定性、良好的结合能力以及高的对电极材料和集流体的粘附性而为锂-离子电池中最常用的粘合剂。然而,PVDF只可溶解在某些有机溶剂例如N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中,N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为挥发性的、易燃的、易爆的且高毒的,导致严重的环境担忧。因此,包含羧基基团或羟基基团的聚合物例如聚(丙烯酸乙烯酯)、聚(乙烯醇)和羧甲基纤维素(CMC)由于其在水中溶解的能力以及明显由相对强的在其羧基或羟基基团和硅表面上的羟基基团之间的相互作用产生的增强的单元电池性能也一直作为聚合物粘合剂广泛地研究。然而,导电(conductive)添加剂仍必须与相对大量的这些非导电粘合剂一起包含,导致绝对阳极容量的显著减少。
以改善硅阳极的性能为目的,文献WO2014/201569描述锂电池的阳极,其包括阳极材料、保护材料和集流体。阳极材料可为包括硅-石墨活性材料、至少一种电导性试剂(导电剂,electronically conductive agent)和粘合剂的混合物。保护材料包括至少一种电导性试剂和粘合剂。阳极材料中的粘合剂和保护材料中的粘合剂独立地选自:PVDF、偏二氟乙烯和六氟丙烯的共聚物、聚酰亚胺、天然或合成橡胶、CMC、酸形式或盐形式的海藻酸/海藻酸盐(海藻酸根,alginate)及其混合物。阳极和保护材料两者均通过包括如下步骤的工艺而制备:通过在溶剂中混合所述材料和粘合剂而形成保护膜。该溶剂的选择取决于粘合剂。当粘合剂为天然或合成橡胶、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)或海藻酸/海藻酸盐时,溶剂为水。当粘合剂为PVDF或聚酰亚胺时使用N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)或环戊酮。
因此,仍需要开发如下的用于硅石墨阳极的粘合剂配制剂(配方,formulation):其在不使用有机溶剂例如NMP的情况下且借助于简化的制造工艺而呈现良好的最大容量和容量保留率(retention),其不再需要如在以上引用的文献中的阳极保护层。
现已经发现,与亦为水基的且在市场上常用的包含苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)粘合剂的阳极配制剂相比,包含由水基官能化PVDF和CMC制成的粘合剂的阳极配制剂呈现较高的容量和容量保留率。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的为提供用于Li-离子单元电池的硅石墨阳极的水性粘合剂配制剂,其由如下组成:
a.50-100重量%的一种或多种热塑性氟聚合物,其中所述氟聚合物为胶乳形式且包括具有选自羧基、环氧基、羰基和羟基的至少一个官能团的单体,和
b.0-50重量%的水溶性增稠剂。
在一些实施方式中,所述氟聚合物选自:偏二氟乙烯的均聚物和共聚物,所述共聚物优选地包含至少50重量%的VDF,共聚单体选自氯三氟乙烯、六氟丙烯、三氟乙烯和四氟乙烯,且所述氟聚合物优选为聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)均聚物或偏二氟乙烯与六氟丙烯的共聚物。
在一些实施方式中,所述水溶性增稠剂为羧甲基纤维素。
在一些实施方式中,所述水性粘合剂配制剂由50至95重量%的一种或多种胶乳形式的热塑性氟聚合物和5-50重量%的水溶性增稠剂组成。
在一些实施方式中,所述氟聚合物包括基于总单体0.01-1.5重量%具有至少一个官能团的单体。
本发明的另外主题为用于锂-离子电池的硅石墨阳极,其由如下组成:至少一种阳极活性材料、上述的水性粘合剂配制剂和基于碳的导电剂。硅石墨阳极中各组分的比例为:70至99重量%的活性材料、1至15wt%的粘合剂配制剂和0至15wt%的导电剂,这些百分数之和总共为100。
本发明的另外主题为本发明硅石墨阳极的形成方法。
本发明的另外主题为通过引入该电极材料而制造的Li-离子电池。
本发明解决现有技术中表达的需求。特别地,本发明提供完全水基的用于硅阳极的水性粘合剂配制剂,这由于环境和处置(处理,handling)原因而是有益的。水性粘合剂配制剂基于PVDF胶乳和水溶性增稠剂的组合;由该配制剂制备的阳极呈现高于具有也完全水基的SBR或偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物粘合剂的阳极的循环性能。
附图说明
图1说明对根据本发明的单元电池(B)和对两个对比性单元电池(A和C)进行的剥离强度测量的结果。
图2说明由各电极制作的纽扣半单元电池的循环性能。
具体实施方式
现将在下面的描述中更详细地描述本发明。
本发明首先涉及用于Li-离子单元电池的硅石墨阳极的水性粘合剂配制剂,其由如下组成:
a.50-100重量%的一种或多种热塑性氟聚合物,其中所述氟聚合物为胶乳形式且包括具有选自羧基、环氧基、羰基和羟基的至少一个官能团的单体,和
b.0-50重量%的水溶性增稠剂。
本发明依赖于使用至少一种胶乳形式的热塑性官能化氟聚合物(优选地PVDF)和水溶性增稠剂(优选地羧甲基纤维素)作为含硅的锂离子电池阳极的粘合剂。有利地,氟聚合物作为在水中的乳液供应。
根据多种实施方式,所述粘合剂包括在适当情况下组合的以下特征。
术语“氟聚合物”意指通过至少一种氟单体的聚合而形成的聚合物,并且其包括均聚物、共聚物、三元共聚物和更高元的聚合物,它们在其性质方面为热塑性的,这意指它们能够在施加热时通过流动而成形为有用的工件,其例如在模塑和挤出工艺中完成。本发明某些实施方式中的氟聚合物在经聚合的形式中包含至少50摩尔%的一种或多种氟单体。
在本发明实践中可使用的氟单体包括例如偏二氟乙烯(VDF或VF2)、四氟乙烯(TFE)、三氟乙烯、氯三氟乙烯(CTFE)、六氟丙烯(HFP)、氟乙烯、六氟异丁烯、全氟丁基乙烯(PFBE)、五氟丙烯、3,3,3-三氟-1-丙烯、2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、氟化乙烯基醚、氟化烯丙基醚、氟化间二氧杂环戊烯、及其组合。
由本发明工艺制成的特别优选的共聚物为VDF与HFP、TFE或CTFE的共聚物,其包括约50至约99重量%的VDF、更优选地约70至约99重量%的VDF。
这里使用的术语“PVDF”包括偏二氟乙烯(VDF)均聚物或VDF和至少一种其它共聚单体的其中VDF占至少50重量%的共聚物。
在一些实施方式中,氟聚合物选自:偏二氟乙烯的均聚物和共聚物,其优选地包含至少50重量%的VDF,共聚单体选自氯三氟乙烯、六氟丙烯、三氟乙烯和四氟乙烯。
优选地,氟聚合物为聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)均聚物或偏二氟乙烯与六氟丙烯的其中HFP的水平小于或等于30重量%的共聚物。
氟聚合物进一步包括具有选自羧基、环氧基、羰基或羟基的至少一个官能团的单体。能够引入羧基官能团的单体的实例为以游离酸、盐形式或酸酐形式的不饱和的一元酸或不饱和的二元酸单体,其选自磺酸组、膦酸组和羧酸组及其盐或酸酐。这样的单体为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基磺酸、乙烯基膦酸、衣康酸、马来酸和这样的化合物的盐。能够引入环氧基官能团的单体的实例为烯丙基缩水甘油基醚、甲基烯丙基缩水甘油基醚、巴豆酸缩水甘油基醚和乙酸缩水甘油基醚。能够引入羰基官能团的单体的实例为碳酸亚乙酯。能够引入羟基官能团的单体的实例为丙烯酸羟乙酯和丙烯酸羟丙酯。
官能化单体可以基于总单体0.01至1.5重量%的量使用。优选地,它们以基于总单体0.01至0.5重量%的量使用。
官能化氟聚合物主要经由非均相聚合反应(包括悬浮液、乳液和微乳液体系)产生。通常,这些反应各自需要在适合的反应介质中的至少一种酸官能化的单体或其盐、至少一种氟单体和自由基引发剂。另外,含卤素单体的乳液聚合通常需要能够将反应物和反应产物两者乳化达聚合反应时长的表面活性剂。
在一些变体方案中,可使用与文献WO 2012/030784中公开的工艺类似的工艺制备本发明中使用的官能化氟聚合物。对于聚合使用的温度可从20至130℃变化。对于聚合使用的压力可从280至20,000kPa变化。
向装备有搅拌器和加热控制手段的加压聚合反应器加入水(优选地去离子水)、一种或多种官能化单体和至少一种氟单体。混合物可任选地包含表面活性剂、缓冲剂、防污剂或用于聚合物产物的分子量调节的链转移剂的一种或多种。在引入一种或多种单体之前,优选地将空气从反应器除去以获得用于聚合反应的无氧环境。聚合组分的集合次序可变,尽管通常优选的是,官能化单体的至少一部分在引发氟单体聚合前存在于水性反应介质中。另外量的官能化单体可在反应期间进料到反应器。
在一个实施方式中,将水、引发剂、官能化单体和任选的表面活性剂、防污剂、链转移剂和/或缓冲剂加入到反应器,并且将反应器加热到期望的反应温度。然后将氟单体(一种或多种)进料到反应器中,其优选地以提供基本上不变的压力的速率进行。替代地,可将氟单体、官能化单体和引发剂与一种或多种任选成分一并进料到反应器。单体进料在期望重量的单体已经进料到反应器时终止。任选地加入另外的自由基引发剂,并且容许反应以适当量的时间反应完成。反应器压力随反应器内的单体消耗而下降。
在聚合反应完成时,使反应器达到环境温度并且将残留的未反应单体排出至大气压力。然后将包含氟聚合物的水性反应介质作为胶乳从反应器收取。该胶乳由反应组分即水、表面活性剂、引发剂(和/或引发剂的分解产物)和官能化氟聚合物固体的稳定混合物组成。胶乳可包含约10-约50重量%、优选地20-40重量%的聚合物固体。胶乳中的聚合物为具有约30nm至约800nm的尺寸范围的小颗粒的形式。
用于硅石墨阳极的水性粘合剂配制剂中包括的水溶性增稠剂选自:羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、聚丙烯酸和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。优选地,水溶性增稠剂为羧甲基纤维素。
在一个实施方式中,水性粘合剂配制剂在于胶乳形式的PVDF均聚物和羧甲基纤维素,所述PVDF均聚物是用带有羧酸官能团的单体官能化的。
在一个实施方式中,水性粘合剂配制剂在于胶乳形式的偏二氟乙烯与六氟丙烯的共聚物和羧甲基纤维素,共聚物中六氟丙烯的水平低于或等于30重量%,所述共聚物进一步包括酸官能化的单体。
在一个实施方式中,水性粘合剂配制剂在于胶乳形式的PVDF均聚物、胶乳形式的偏二氟乙烯与六氟丙烯的共聚物和羧甲基纤维素,所述共聚物进一步包括酸官能化的单体,共聚物中六氟丙烯的水平低于或等于30重量%。
本发明的另外主题为用于锂-离子电池的硅石墨阳极,其由如下组成:至少一种阳极活性材料、上述的水性粘合剂配制剂和基于碳的导电剂。硅石墨阳极中各组分的比例为:70至99重量%的活性材料、1至15wt%的粘合剂配制剂和0-15wt%的导电剂,这些百分数之和总共为100。
阳极活性材料为Si石墨复合材料。Si可作为如下存在:Si、Si的合金或金属间化合物、或者氧化物、碳化物、氮化物、硫化物、磷化物、硒化物、碲化物、锑化物、或其混合物。
导电添加剂可为炭黑、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯颗粒、石墨、富勒烯、或其混合物。
本发明的另外主题为本发明硅石墨阳极的形成方法。该方法包括如下步骤:
-通过将一种或多种胶乳形式的热塑性氟聚合物、水溶性增稠剂、阳极活性材料和导电剂在水中混合而形成浆料。硅石墨阳极中各组分的比例为:70至99重量%的活性材料、1至15wt%的粘合剂配制剂和0-15wt%的导电剂,这些百分数之和总共为100。
-将浆料施加到金属集流体的表面,然后使其经历热处理和压力以获得阳极。
在该方法中,氟化聚合物和水溶性增稠剂可具有以上关于硅石墨阳极的水性粘合剂配制剂描述的任何任选或优选特征。
金属集流体由铜制成。
热处理在于将涂覆有浆料的金属集电体在60-150℃的温度下以15-60分钟的时长烘烤。
本发明硅石墨阳极的形成方法与现有技术相比简化,因为其不再需要制造阳极保护层。
本发明的另外主题为通过引入该电极材料而制造的Li-离子电池。该电池的性能与拥有具有SBR粘合剂的阳极的那些相比得以改善。
实施例
根据本发明的实施例B以及对比实施例A和C
硅石墨阳极的组分在表1中给出(重量%)。
各浆料通过在水中加入两种阳极活性材料:石墨(158-C)和硅(KSC-1064)、导电剂炭黑(Li-100)、水性粘合剂和作为增稠剂的羧甲基纤维素(BSH-6)并且将其用40-L型(Primix)分散而制备。
将各浆料以8密耳湿厚度在铜箔上流延(浇注)并且在120℃烘烤30分钟,然后以3公吨力压制以获得阳极。阳极的剥离强度依照JIS K6854标准通过180度剥离进行评价。
将所述阳极分别与作为阴极的Li金属一起用于形成纽扣单元电池。电解质为具有1.2M LiPF6浓度的碳酸亚乙酯/碳酸甲乙酯=3/7,其具有2%浓度的碳酸亚乙烯酯。将聚烯烃隔板放置在阳极和阴极之间以形成纽扣单元电池。使各纽扣单元电池在0.01~1.5V电压范围以0.2C经历连续的充电/放电循环达60次循环。
图1显示剥离强度测量的结果。
图2显示由各电极制作的纽扣半单元电池的循环性能。
在60次充电和放电循环后,实施例B显示出比对比实施例A和C高的容量。
表1
用于实施例A的P(VDF-HFP)共聚物胶乳的制造方法
向80-加仑不锈钢反应器中加入345磅去离子水、90g非离子表面活性剂和0.2磅乙酸钾。在抽真空后,以23rpm开始搅动,加热反应器。在反应器温度达到期望的100摄氏度设定点后,将VDF和HFP单体以HFP比率为总单体的62wt%引入到反应器。然后通过将大约35磅总单体加入到反应器中使反应器压力升至650psi。在反应器压力稳定化后,将1.0磅由1.0wt%过硫酸钾和1.0wt%乙酸钠制成的引发剂溶液加入到反应器以引发聚合。在引发时,将HFP对VDF的比率调节成达到相对于进料中总单体而言33%HFP。还调节引发剂溶液的进一步加入的速率以获得和维持大致每小时100磅的最终加和的VDF和HFP聚合速率。继续VDF和HPF共聚直至在反应物料中引入大约160磅单体。停止HFP进料但继续VDF进料直至将大约180磅总单体进料到反应器。停止VDF进料并且容许该批料(batch)在反应温度下反应完成以在不断降低的压力下消耗残留单体。在40分钟后,停止引发剂进料和搅动并且将反应器冷却、排气和收取胶乳。收取的胶乳中的固体通过重力分析技术测定并且为约32重量%,并且根据ASTM方法D-3835在450°F和100秒-1测量的熔体粘度为约38kp。树脂的熔融温度按照ASTMD3418测量并且发现其在第二次加热期间检测不到,并且检测不到熔化热。重均粒度通过NICOMP激光散射仪器测量并且发现其为约220nm。用于实施例B的具有酸官能团的 P(VDF-HFP)共聚物胶乳的制造方法
向80-加仑不锈钢反应器中加入365磅去离子水、77克非离子表面活性剂和0.2磅乙酸钾。在抽真空后,以21rpm开始搅动,加热反应器。在反应器温度达到期望的100℃设定点后,将VDF和HFP单体以HFP比率为总单体的13.8wt%引入到反应器。然后通过将大约35磅总单体加入到反应器中将反应器压力升至650psi。在反应器压力稳定化后,将1.75磅由1.0wt%过硫酸钾和5.0wt%聚丙烯酸(PAA)制成的引发剂溶液加入到反应器以引发聚合。在引发时,将HFP对VDF的比率调节成达到相对于进料中的总单体而言6%HFP。还调节引发剂溶液的进一步加入速率以获得和维持大致每小时100磅的最终加和的VDF和HFP聚合速率。VDF和HPF共聚继续进行直至在反应物料中引入大约160磅单体。停止HFP进料但VDF进料继续进行直至将大约180磅总单体进料到反应器。停止VDF进料并且容许该批料在该反应温度下反应完成以在不断降低的压力下消耗残留单体。30分钟后,停止引发剂进料和搅动并且将反应器冷却、排气和收取胶乳。收取的胶乳中的固体通过重力分析技术测定并且为约32重量%,且根据ASTM方法D-3835在450°F和100秒-1测量的熔体粘度为约74kp。树脂的熔融温度按照ASTMD3418测量并且发现其在第二次加热期间为约147.5℃。重均粒度由NICOMP激光散射仪器测量并且发现其为约260nm。
Claims (16)
1.用于Li-离子单元电池的硅石墨阳极的水性粘合剂配制剂,其由如下组成:
a.50-100重量%的一种或多种热塑性氟聚合物,其中所述氟聚合物为胶乳形式且包括具有选自羧基、环氧基、羰基和羟基的至少一个官能团的单体,和
b.0-50重量%的水溶性增稠剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的配制剂,其由50至95重量%的一种或多种胶乳形式的热塑性官能化氟聚合物和5-50重量%的水溶性增稠剂组成。
3.根据权利要求1或2之一所述的配制剂,其中所述水溶性增稠剂选自:羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、聚丙烯酸和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的配制剂,其中所述水溶性增稠剂为羧甲基纤维素。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的配制剂,其中所述官能化氟聚合物包括选自如下的至少一种氟单体:偏二氟乙烯、四氟乙烯、三氟乙烯、氯三氟乙烯、六氟丙烯、氟乙烯、六氟异丁烯、全氟丁基乙烯、五氟丙烯、3,3,3-三氟-1-丙烯、2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、氟化乙烯基醚、氟化烯丙基醚、氟化间二氧杂环戊烯。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的配制剂,其中所述官能化氟聚合物以基于总单体0.01至1.5重量%、优选地0.01至0.5重量%的量包括官能化单体。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的配制剂,其中所述官能化氟聚合物选自:偏二氟乙烯的均聚物和偏二氟乙烯的包含至少50重量%VDF的共聚物,共聚单体选自氯三氟乙烯、六氟丙烯、三氟乙烯和四氟乙烯。
8.根据权利要求7所述的配制剂,其中氟聚合物为聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)均聚物或偏二氟乙烯与六氟丙烯的共聚物。
9.根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的配制剂,其中所述配制剂在于羧甲基纤维素和胶乳形式的PVDF均聚物,所述PVDF均聚物为用带有羧酸官能团的单体官能化的。
10.根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的配制剂,其中所述配制剂在于羧甲基纤维素和胶乳形式的偏二氟乙烯与六氟丙烯的共聚物,共聚物中六氟丙烯的水平低于或等于30重量%,所述共聚物进一步包括酸官能化的单体。
11.根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的配制剂,其中所述配制剂在于羧甲基纤维素、胶乳形式的PVDF均聚物、和胶乳形式的偏二氟乙烯与六氟丙烯的共聚物,所述共聚物进一步包括酸官能化的单体,共聚物中六氟丙烯的水平低于或等于30重量%。
12.用于锂-离子电池的硅石墨阳极,其由如下组成:至少一种阳极活性材料、根据前述权利要求任一项所述的水性粘合剂配制剂和基于碳的导电剂。
13.如权利要求12所述的硅石墨阳极的形成方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
-通过将一种或多种胶乳形式的热塑性氟聚合物、水溶性增稠剂、阳极活性材料和导电剂在水中混合而形成浆料;
-将浆料施加到金属集流体的表面,然后使其经历热处理和压力以获得阳极。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中金属集流体由铜制成。
15.根据权利要求13或14任一项所述的方法,其中热处理在于将涂覆有浆料的金属集电体在60-150℃的温度下烘烤15-60分钟的时长。
16.锂-离子电池,其包括如权利要求12所述的硅石墨阳极。
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