CN113956613A - 一种高韧性抗静电环氧树脂发泡材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高韧性抗静电环氧树脂发泡材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料及其制备方法，包括环氧树脂100重量份，固化剂50～100重量份，纳米无机粒子3～15重量份，增韧剂3～15重量份，增强纤维1～20重量份，抗静电剂1～10重量份，发泡剂1～15重量份。本发明改善了环氧树脂发泡固化过程中由于残余应力存在及初期体系黏弹性差导致力学性能下降以及泡孔较大等情况，获得泡孔均匀、表观密度小、韧性优异的高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种高韧性抗静电环氧树脂发泡材料及其制备方法。
【背景技术】
环氧树脂基发泡材料因其表观密度低、质轻且结构坚韧等特点，且具有较传统发泡塑料更为优异的力学性能、耐水性、耐化学腐蚀性、电气性能及较高的热稳定性等一系列优点，在电子、交通运输、航空航天、军工、矿用设备及日用品等行业得到广泛应用。然而，普通的环氧树脂基发泡材料在使用过程中强度和韧性已不能满足产品使用要求，同时产品需具有良好的抗静电性，因此对发泡环氧树脂材料的增强增韧势在必行，环氧树脂在发泡制备中需有效降低甚至避免应力集中，从而避免在泡孔边缘或材料内部出现缺陷导致材料性能下降。因此开发一种制备方便简单、成本低廉、泡孔均匀、表观密度小、韧性优异、良好抗静电性、能够规模化生产的高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料制备方法具有重要的意义。
【发明内容】
为解决上述技术问题，本发明公开了一种高韧性抗静电环氧树脂发泡材料及其制备方法。本发明改善了环氧树脂发泡固化过程中由于残余应力存在及初期体系黏弹性差导致力学性能下降以及泡孔较大等情况，获得泡孔均匀、表观密度小、韧性优异的高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料，包括环氧树脂100重量份，固化剂50～100 重量份，纳米无机粒子3～15重量份，增韧剂3～15重量份，增强纤维1～20重量份，抗静电剂1～10重量份，发泡剂1～15重量份。
进一步的改进，所述环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂，酚醛型环氧树脂中的任一种或任意混合。
进一步的改进，所述固化剂为酸酊类固化剂、酚醛类固化剂、苯胺甲醛类固化剂、聚酯类固化剂、聚氨酯类固化剂中的任意一种或任意混合。
进一步的改进，所述纳米无机粒子为片状纳米滑石粉。
进一步的改进，所述片状纳米滑石粉的长径比为5～30。
进一步的改进，所述增韧剂为纤维，所述纤维为PP纤维和PE纤维中的一种或任意混合。
进一步的改进，所述纤维的长度为5～10mm，直径为1～3μm。
进一步的改进，所述增强纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石墨烯中的一种或任意混合。
进一步的改进，所述发泡剂为碳酸氢钠、4,4-氧代双苯磺酰腓、偶氮二甲酰胺、可发性膨胀微球中的任意一种，所述抗静电剂为长度在1～2mm的碳纤维粉末。
一种上述的高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
将环氧树脂，固化剂，纳米无机粒子，增韧剂，增强纤维，抗静电剂混合后在高速搅拌机中搅拌20分钟，然后加入发泡剂再搅拌20分钟，发泡剂混合并搅拌均匀后，倒入模具中，然后放入烘箱在100～130℃固化4～6小时后冷却脱模即可得到高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料。
本发明的工作原理：环氧树脂混合物中加入大长径比的纳米滑石粉，能够使环氧树脂体系在短时间内建立起较好的黏弹性，从而使环氧树脂体系在发泡固化过程中，发泡剂分解产生气体速率与固化速率相匹配时可以制备得到泡孔均匀的材料，同时，在100～130℃高温固化过程，PE纤维或PP纤维具有较大的可变形能力，能够有效的释放环氧树脂在固化过程中产生的应力；在环氧树脂体系中加入长的碳纤维和碳纤维粉末，共同构筑成一个良好的网络结构，从而有利于提高材料的抗静电性能。
本发明的优点：
在环氧树脂中加入大长径比的片状纳米滑石粉，能够使环氧树脂体系在发泡时短时间内建立起较好的黏弹性，从而可提高材料在发泡时泡孔的均匀性，可有效避免串孔的存在；同时，采用PE纤维或PP纤维作为增韧剂，此类高分子纤维在高温固化过程，PE纤维或PP纤维具有较大的可变形能力，能够有效的释放环氧树脂在固化过程中产生的应力，在固化完成后，该高分子纤维的形态能够得以保存，当环氧树脂发泡材料受外力冲击时，高分子纤维具有具好的变形能力，从而大幅提高材料的抗冲击能力。
【具体实施方式】
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
环氧树脂100份，酚醛类固化剂80份，大长径比的片状纳米滑石粉10份，PP纤维15份，碳纤维10份，抗静电剂5份组成。在高速搅拌情况下搅拌20分钟，然后加入偶氮二甲酰胺2份再搅拌20分钟，发泡剂混合并搅拌均匀后，倒入模具中，然后放入烘箱在 120℃固化5小时后随烘箱冷却。
实施例2
环氧树脂100份，酚醛类固化剂80份，大长径比的片状纳米滑石粉10份，PE纤维 15份，碳纤维15份，抗静电剂5份组成。在高速搅拌情况下搅拌20分钟，然后加入偶氮二甲酰胺2份再搅拌20分钟，发泡剂混合并搅拌均匀后，倒入模具中，然后放入烘箱在 120℃固化5小时后随烘箱冷却。
实施例3
环氧树脂100份，酚醛类固化剂80份，大长径比的片状纳米滑石粉15份，PP纤维 15份，玻璃纤维15份，抗静电剂10份组成。在高速搅拌情况下搅拌20分钟，然后加入 4,4-氧代双苯磺酰腓2份再搅拌20分钟，发泡剂混合并搅拌均匀后，倒入模具中，然后放入烘箱在120℃固化5小时后随烘箱冷却。
实施例4
环氧树脂100份，聚酯类固化剂85份，大长径比的片状纳米滑石粉15份，PP纤维10份，PE纤维5份，碳纤维15份，抗静电剂10份组成。在高速搅拌情况下搅拌20分钟，然后加入4,4-氧代双苯磺酰腓1.5份再搅拌20分钟，发泡剂混合并搅拌均匀后，倒入模具中，然后放入烘箱在120℃固化5小时后随烘箱冷却。
表1.各实施例的性能表
以上所述仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，任何熟悉本专利的技术人员在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明方案的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料，其特性在于：包括环氧树脂100重量份，固化剂50～100重量份，纳米无机粒子3～15重量份，增韧剂3～15重量份，增强纤维1～20重量份，抗静电剂1～10重量份，发泡剂1～15重量份。
2.如权利要求1所述的高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料，其特性在于：所述环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂，酚醛型环氧树脂中的任一种或任意混合。
3.如权利要求1所述的高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料，其特性在于：所述固化剂为酸酊类固化剂、酚醛类固化剂、苯胺甲醛类固化剂、聚酯类固化剂、聚氨酯类固化剂中的任意一种或任意混合。
4.如权利要求1所述的高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料，其特性在于：所述纳米无机粒子为片状纳米滑石粉。
5.如权利要求4所述的高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料，其特性在于：所述片状纳米滑石粉的长径比为5～30。
6.如权利要求1所述的高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料，其特性在于：所述增韧剂为纤维，所述纤维为PP纤维和PE纤维中的一种或任意混合。
7.如权利要求6所述的高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料，其特性在于：所述纤维的长度为5～10mm，直径为1～3μm。
8.如权利要求1所述的高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料，其特性在于：所述增强纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石墨烯中的一种或任意混合。
9.如权利要求1所述的高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料，其特性在于：所述发泡剂为碳酸氢钠、4,4-氧代双苯磺酰腓、偶氮二甲酰胺、可发性膨胀微球中的任意一种，所述抗静电剂为长度在1～2mm的碳纤维粉末。
10.一种权利要求1-9任一所述的高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
将环氧树脂，固化剂，纳米无机粒子，增韧剂，增强纤维，抗静电剂混合后在高速搅拌机中搅拌20分钟，然后加入发泡剂再搅拌20分钟，发泡剂混合并搅拌均匀后，倒入模具中，然后放入烘箱在100～130℃固化4～6小时后冷却脱模即可得到高韧性抗静电环氧树脂基发泡材料。
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