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CN1131946C - 电磁制动器 - Google Patents

电磁制动器 Download PDF

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CN1131946C
CN1131946C CN99100908A CN99100908A CN1131946C CN 1131946 C CN1131946 C CN 1131946C CN 99100908 A CN99100908 A CN 99100908A CN 99100908 A CN99100908 A CN 99100908A CN 1131946 C CN1131946 C CN 1131946C
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brake
brake shoe
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CN1225427A (zh
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光和男
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Sanyo Kogyo Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F16D55/22655—Constructional details of guide pins
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F16D55/227—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing by two or more pins
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D59/00—Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed
    • F16D59/02—Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed spring-loaded and adapted to be released by mechanical, fluid, or electromagnetic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095—Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/097—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts
    • F16D65/0973—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces
    • F16D65/0979—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces acting on the rear side of the pad or an element affixed thereto, e.g. spring clips securing the pad to the brake piston or caliper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/38—Slack adjusters
    • F16D65/40—Slack adjusters mechanical
    • F16D65/42—Slack adjusters mechanical non-automatic
    • F16D65/46—Slack adjusters mechanical non-automatic with screw-thread and nut
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004—Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0008—Brake supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004—Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0041—Resilient elements interposed directly between the actuating member and the brake support, e.g. anti-rattle springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/20—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/20—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets
    • F16D2121/22—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets for releasing a normally applied brake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/58—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting linear movement
    • F16D2125/587—Articulation, e.g. ball-socket
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2127/00—Auxiliary mechanisms
    • F16D2127/02—Release mechanisms

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

一种电磁制动器，备有用于承受在相互接近和分开方向上往复的一对制动蹄片(6)和(7)的切向力(Ft)的制动力承受支架(8)。制动力承受支架(8)固定在固定元件(10)上，容纳一对制动蹄片(6)和(7)的侧面(6a)和(7a)使其能够滑动的滑动面(18)位于上述支架(8)的内侧，上述一对制动蹄片由支架(8)包围。

Description

电磁制动器
本发明涉及一种主要应用于绞车齿轮箱的电磁制动器。
作为应用于绞车齿轮箱等的一种传统电磁制动器，具有图9和图10中所示结构的制动器是熟知的。
也就是说，如图9和图10中所示，在传统电磁制动器中，U形卡钳61和电磁部分62构成单元63，该单元63通过一个浮动销附着在固定元件65上(用于固定)。
制动蹄片66通过调整螺钉67等附着在U形卡钳61的一端，另一个制动蹄片68附着在推杆69的一端。该推杆69固定在电磁部分62的可移动铁芯70上，卡钳61的另一端通过一个连接螺栓71固定并连接在电磁部分62的固定铁芯72上。
当电磁部分62启动时，用双点划线表示的制动体73如制动盘，受到上述一对制动蹄片66和68的挤压，执行制动工作。在这种情况下，制动蹄片66的压力G、制动蹄片68的压力H和切向力(作用在与图9或图10表面成直角的方向上)通过调整钉67、卡钳61、推杆69和可移动铁芯70传递。
然而，在如上所述的传统电磁制动器中，需要一个具有足够强度和刚度的U形大体积卡钳块。而且存在一个问题，即制动器的结构变得复杂，图9和图10的制动器宽度尺寸变大。
另外，US3357528和EP 796814 A2也公开了一种制动器，但其适用的盘尺寸受限。
因此本发明的一个目的是提供一种电磁制动器，该制动器不需要大体积的卡钳块，并可得到整体上的轻重量装置和结构的简化，并能适应于不同尺寸的制动盘。
该目的是根据本发明通过这样一种电磁制动器实现的：
具有一个制动力承受支架(8)，用于承受一对制动蹄片(6和7)的相互往复接近和分开方向上的切向力(Ft)，其具有如下结构：
一个近似菱形的板体(2)与电磁部分(1)相邻并有一预定间隙；
电磁部分(1)的一个固定铁芯(3)和板体(2)通过一对分别位于菱形板体(2)的菱形左右顶点上的导杆(4)连接和结合；
该对制动蹄片(6和7)及制动力承受支架(8)位于电磁部分(1)和板体(2)之间；
制动力承受支架(8)固定在一个固定元件(10)上；
在靠近板体(2)一侧的制动蹄片(6)通过一个位于近似菱形的下顶点上的向心联接器(21)布置从而与板体(2)的下顶点对应；
近似菱形的板体(2)的上顶点与电磁部分(1)的固定铁芯(3)通过一个位于近似菱形的上顶点的加强杆(27)连接和结合。
通过参考附图详细描述本发明，其中：
图1所示为表示本发明优选实施例的左侧视图；
图2所示为表示本发明优选实施例的正视图；
图3所示为表示带有部分剖面的本发明优选实施例的正视图；
图4A所示为表示制动力承受支架实例的解释性视图；
图4B所示为表示制动力承受支架实例的解释性视图；
图4C所示为表示制动力承受支架实例的解释性视图；
图5所示为带有主要部分剖面的解释性视图；
图6所示为带有主要部分剖面的解释性视图；
图7所示为带有主要部分剖面的解释性视图；
图8所示为带有主要部分剖面的解释性视图；
图9所示为表示传统实例的正视图；
图10所示为表示传统实例的剖面正视图。
现在通过参考附图对本发明的优选实施例进行详细描述。
在图1的左侧视图、图2的正视图和图3的带有部分剖面的正视图中，该电磁制动器具有一种结构，在该结构中省去了传统的卡钳，U形单元改为通过把一块板体2布置为大致与电磁部分1平行并具有一个预定间距，电磁部分1的固定铁芯3和板体2通过多个导杆4连接并结合起来实现的。
用于承受一对制动蹄片6和7的切向力Ft的制动力承受支架8位于U形单元的电磁部分1和板体2之间。
9表示由上述制动蹄片6和7的挤压制动的制动体如制动盘(圆盘状)、(带状板的)板件等。在本发明中，在制动蹄片6和7在制动中从制动体9得到的力中切向力Ft是一个沿制动体9运行方向的力。
在制动体9作旋转运动的情况下，即是一个制动盘，切线方向的力作用在制动蹄片6和7上。该力被称为切向力Ft，在图1中用箭头表示。在制动体9作直线运动的情况下，切向力是沿直线运动的方向。
制动力承受支架8固定在固定元件10上，如绞车齿轮箱的基座(基架)、建筑物等。也就是说，前面所述的U形单元通过支架8连接在固定元件10上。
如图4中所示的支架8具有一个制动体9插入其中的凹槽，并且如图4A正视图中所示整体上呈拱形。由于上述凹槽的存在，每个左和右腿部分12分成两个分枝。带螺丝孔的装配部分13在腿部分12的下端部分形成，支架8通过把螺栓拧到螺丝孔中固定在上述固定元件10(如图1和图3中所示)上。
制动蹄片6和7位于由拱形支架8的左和右腿部分12和上侧部分14围成的内部空间15中。在图5到图8中，每个制动蹄片6和7包括一个直接接触制动体9的制动衬片部分16和制动衬片部分16固定其上的制动蹄片主体部分17。制动衬片部分16和制动蹄片主体部分17都是分别在矩形板上形成的，分层，并结合起来。
滑动面18形成在支架8的内侧，用于在制动蹄片6和7的四角部分容纳制动蹄片6和7的侧面6a和7a，使其能沿制动蹄片6和7的压-作用方向(图3和图5中的水平方向)滑动。如上所述，一对制动蹄片6和7被支架8所包围，能够沿制动蹄片6和7的压-作用方向滑动，并受支架8夹持不能沿切向力Ft的方向移动。这里有一个优点，即当矩形板制动蹄片6和7被在四个角部分夹持时，制动蹄片被稳定地夹持住。
一对制动蹄片6和7的制动蹄片7通过一个向心联接器19附着在电磁部分1的可移动铁芯5的中心体上。另一个制动蹄片6通过一个调整螺钉20和一个向心联接器21附着在板体2的侧面上。
更进一步，一对复位弹簧22中每一个弹簧布置在制动蹄片6和支架8之间，制动蹄片7和支架8之间，弹簧连续地有弹性地向使制动蹄片6和7分开的方向推制动蹄片6和7。
具体讲，复位弹簧22由一块钢板冲压而成，复位弹簧22的形状约为矩形，从其上伸出多个腿部分，并且在其中心具有一个短固柱部分23(参考图6)。
中心联接器19或中心联接器21插入在短圆柱部分23中以滑动。上述多个腿部分中的四个是J形固定腿部分24，其紧紧地固定住矩形制动蹄片主体部分17的长边，腿部分中的两个是L形钩腿部分25和26，其钩住制动蹄片主体部分17的短边。
位于钩腿部分25(图6)的上面和下面的板弹簧部分26(共4部分)接触支架8外表面，分别向用箭头A表示的方向推制动蹄片6和7使之相互分开。为此，中心联接器19和21的凹凸接触面(位于凹球面和凸球面间)、调整螺钉20和中心联接器21的端面应保持没有小的间隙，从而在启动或停止制动时能有效地防止产生噪音。
下面通过参考图例进一步具体描述上述板体2等。板体2约为菱形，如图1所示，调整螺钉20附着在板体2的低端顶点，导杆4分别位于板体2的左和右顶点，加强杆27位于上顶点。锁紧螺母拧在调整螺钉20上。
如图5所示，导杆4包括一个长螺栓29和一个圆柱体30。长螺栓29拧在固定铁芯3的螺纹孔31中，圆柱体30的两个端部分别与固定铁芯3的沉孔和板体2的沉孔压入配合。
每个上述导杆4插入每个位于图4所示拱形支架8上侧两端的孔32中，孔32的内圆周面和圆柱体30的圆周面可以滑动。在图5中，由于插入在孔32中的滑动衬套33，滑动是平稳的。如上所述，包括电磁部分1、板体2和导杆4的U形单元附着在支架8上，并能进行微小尺寸的浮动。
加强杆27防止在制动蹄片6和7向使菱形板体2的上顶点和电磁部分1间的距离减少的方向压制动体9时，板体2由于强反作用力(向箭头A方向)而掉下来。换句话说，加强杆27的一个作用是作为支柱。
小突出部分34分别位于图1菱形板体2左顶点和右顶点上，另一方面，与小突出部分34类似的小突出部分35分别位于图4支架8上侧的左端部和右端部。螺纹孔35a形成于小突出部分35上。
如上所述，U形单元附着在支架8上，能进行微小尺寸的浮动，也就是说，能够移动如图2、图3和图5所示的微小缝隙B1和微小缝隙B2，提供了一个推动板体2使其与支架8分开的(在图2中向右方)弹性元件36。在图2中，弹性元件包括压缩的螺旋弹簧。
进一步，提供了调整板体2使其在(上述)分开方向上不要过度移动的调整元件37。在图2中，调整元件37包括一个拧在前述螺纹孔35a中的螺栓38和螺母39(用于锁紧)。
如上所述，把U形单元置于中心是通过弹性元件36和调整元件37完成的，而且制动蹄片6和7的制动衬片部分16和制动体9间的气隙(未制动时)可调节。
特别是，这里有一个优点，即如图2所示，当弹性元件36和调整元件37通过把螺栓38插入到压缩的螺旋弹簧来紧密地结合一起时，可以获得结构简化和成本降低。而且，尽管U形单元在浮动状态可能倾向重的电磁部分1一侧，并且制动衬片部分16可能不均匀地接触制动体9如制动盘(滑动于其上)，因为电磁部分1的重量与板体2相比很重，上述的弹性元件36创造性地通过把板体2推向使板体2与固定支架8分开的方向而保持U形单元的平衡。
根据本发明的电磁制动器，板体2和导杆4可以减少尺寸和减轻重量，因为制动时来自制动体9的切向力F1通过制动力承受支架8承受，而不传递到板体2和导杆4上。并且，可以省去传统大体积卡钳块(参考图9和图10的标记61)，可以获得结构简化并紧凑成一个整体。特别是，可以减少图2和图3的水平尺寸。
并且，不会产生向心联接器21和调整螺钉20的凹凸接触面缝隙，可以减少启动和停止制动的工作噪音。因为缝隙被最小化，电磁部分1的电磁力可以被完全利用。并且，向心联接器19和21可以很薄并且具有简单的结构。
进一步，通过简单的制动器结构可以确保使U形单元置于中心。特别是，制动衬片部分均匀地接触制动体9，因为由于电磁部分1比板体部分2重造成的重量不平衡可以通过使用弹性元件36而减少，使得U形单元位于制动体9的中心。
尽管在本说明书中描述了本发明的优选实施例，但应理解为，本发明是说明性的而不是限制性的，因为在本发明的精神实质和必要特征范围内可进行各种变化。

Claims (1)

1.一种电磁制动器，具有一个制动力承受支架(8)，用于承受一对制动蹄片(6和7)的相互往复接近和分开方向上的切向力(Ft)，其具有如下结构：
一个近似菱形的板体(2)与电磁部分(1)相邻并有一预定间隙；
电磁部分(1)的一个固定铁芯(3)和板体(2)通过一对分别位于菱形板体(2)的菱形左右顶点上的导杆(4)连接和结合；
该对制动蹄片(6和7)及制动力承受支架(8)位于电磁部分(1)和板体(2)之间；
制动力承受支架(8)固定在一个固定元件(10)上；
在靠近板体(2)一侧的制动蹄片(6)通过一个位于近似菱形的下顶点上的向心联接器(21)布置从而与板体(2)的下顶点对应；
近似菱形的板体(2)的上顶点与电磁部分(1)的固定铁芯(3)通过一个位于近似菱形的上顶点的加强杆(27)连接和结合。
CN99100908A 1998-02-05 1999-01-05 电磁制动器 Expired - Lifetime CN1131946C (zh)

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CN1225427A (zh) 1999-08-11
EP0935082B1 (en) 2002-11-27
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KR19990071456A (ko) 1999-09-27
US20010045331A1 (en) 2001-11-29

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