CN112496338B - Efficient continuous uninterrupted multilayer spiral slice and printing method - Google Patents
Efficient continuous uninterrupted multilayer spiral slice and printing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112496338B CN112496338B CN202011038825.4A CN202011038825A CN112496338B CN 112496338 B CN112496338 B CN 112496338B CN 202011038825 A CN202011038825 A CN 202011038825A CN 112496338 B CN112496338 B CN 112496338B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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Abstract
The invention relates to a spiral slice and a printing method, in particular to a high-efficiency continuous and uninterrupted multilayer spiral slice and a printing method. The method solves the problems of low efficiency and poor precision of the conventional spiral printing, and comprises the steps of planning slicing parameters, carrying out sector slicing on a workpiece according to the planned slicing parameters, filling the workpiece outline of each sector area, obtaining a scanning path, determining the rotating speed of a rotary powder bed, the printing sequence, the printing scanning area, the powder discharging range and the printing process by utilizing the paths and the parameters according to the slicing parameters. The spiral slicing method is matched with continuous multi-spiral powder spreading and multi-spiral printing, and the rotary powder bed rotates for one circle, so that multi-layer printing can be realized, and more efficient production can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a spiral slice and a printing method, in particular to a high-efficiency continuous and uninterrupted multilayer spiral slice and a printing method.
Background
Electron Beam Selective Melting (EBSM) metal additive manufacturing techniques employ an electron beam as an energy source to manufacture solid components by melting metal powder layer by layer in a high vacuum environment. The method has the characteristics of high power of the electron beam, high energy absorptivity of the material to the electron beam, high product compactness, low oxygen content, low thermal stress, difficult deformation and cracking, high printing efficiency, high material utilization rate and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of medical treatment, aerospace and the like. The technological process is as follows: firstly spreading a layer of powder on a powder spreading plane; then, the electron beam is selectively melted under the control of a computer according to the information of the section profile, the metal powder is melted together under the bombardment of the electron beam and is adhered to the lower formed part, and the metal powder is piled layer by layer until the whole workpiece is completely melted; finally, removing the superfluous powder to obtain the required three-dimensional product.
For large-size workpieces, the electron beam in the single electron gun printing mode can be realized after passing through the deflection yoke, but the electron beam is not completely vertical to the working surface after passing through the deflection yoke, but forms a certain included angle with the vertical direction. Along with the increase of the deflection angle of the electron beam, the beam quality of the electron beam is greatly reduced, and the beam spot has certain deformation, so that the shape and the energy distribution of a molten pool at the edge area of the powder bed are deviated, and the precision and the molding quality of a molded workpiece are poor. If the electron gun or the powder cylinder is moved by mechanical movement, the molding efficiency and the molding precision are greatly reduced.
In order to solve the above problems, a multi-gun printing method is applied, and a plurality of electron guns are orderly arranged in a certain way, so that each electron gun is responsible for one area, and all areas form the whole printing surface. The areas are effectively connected, so that the deflection angle of the electron beam can be effectively reduced on the premise of ensuring the forming precision and quality of the workpiece, the beam quality of the electron beam and the beam spot shape of the edge part of the forming area are ensured, and the shape and energy distribution of a molten pool during the scanning, melting and forming of the electron beam are improved.
Currently, a plurality of electron beam generating units are arranged in an n×m rectangular array in an integrated box, and the array may be arranged in a1×2 rectangular array, a2×2 rectangular array, a2×3 rectangular array, or a3×3 rectangular array. The electron gun control system divides the powder bed into corresponding array scanning areas according to the number and the array arrangement positions of the independent electron beam emission units, each independent electron beam emission unit corresponds to one array scanning area, and the electron gun control system controls the array scanning area corresponding to the independent electron gun above the corresponding area to carry out accurate scanning forming.
With the current multi-gun printing method, the larger the printed piece is, the more the number of the electron guns is, but the infinitely large number of the electron guns is not practical. Therefore, a new method is needed to be developed for realizing the printing of large-size parts.
The spiral printing can be realized by adopting a plurality of electron guns to match with spiral powder spreading, so that the efficiency of realizing printing of large-size workpieces can be met. However, in the conventional spiral printing method, two electron guns for printing in the circular ring and the outer circular ring areas in the branched rotary powder bed are respectively arranged on two radiuses of 180 degrees of the rotary powder bed, and the scanning ranges of the two electron guns are respectively a first area 2 and a second area 3 shown in fig. 1. 1 is a rotating powder bed, and the direction indicated by the arrow is the rotating direction of the rotating powder bed. The arrangement mode makes the number of the electron guns limited, and the single-layer spiral printing can only be realized by rotating the powder bed for one circle, so that the printing efficiency is low.
Meanwhile, the current slicing mode is aimed at horizontally laying powder, namely the powder laying surface and the printing surface are both horizontal. Various slicing software is also based on a plane with the positive Z-axis direction as the normal direction.
When the spiral printing method is adopted, since the printing surface is not perpendicular to the positive Z-axis direction, if the conventional slicing method is used for slicing, the printing accuracy and efficiency are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and poor precision of the conventional spiral printing, the invention provides an efficient continuous multi-layer spiral slice and a printing method. The effect of horizontal printing of a greater number of electron guns can be achieved by using as few electron guns as possible, and the efficiency requirement is met.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide an efficient continuous uninterrupted multi-spiral slice and printing method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
each spiral layer group comprises j spiral layers; the initial positions of each spiral layer are different, and the initial positions correspond to the positions of the powder spreading and compacting devices 51 one by one; height H of the whole workpiece Workpiece ＝H*m；
Uniformly dividing the three-dimensional model into n fan-shaped areas on each spiral layer by taking a C axis and a Z axis as parameters, wherein the angle alpha=360/n of each fan-shaped area, and the Z value difference of the adjacent fan-shaped areas is H/jn; wherein H is the pitch; the inner diameter and the outer diameter of each sector are equal to the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the workbench; the area of the sector needs to satisfy: the printing scanning area of each group of printing devices at least covers one sector;
the first spiral layer group is:
the n sector areas of the first spiral layer are named as 1 area, 2 area and 3 area … … n area respectively; the n fan-shaped regions of the second spiral layer are respectively named as 1 'region, 2' region and 3 'region … … n' region; similarly, the n sectors of the jth spiral layer are each designated 1 (j -1)′ Zone, 2 (j-1)′ Zone, 3 (j-1)′ Region … … n (j-1)′ A zone;
and (3) arranging a second spiral layer group:
the n sector regions of the first spiral layer are designated as n+1 region, n+2 region, n+3 region … … n region, respectively; the n scallop regions of the second spiral layer are designated as the n '+1 region, the n' +2 region, the n '+3 region … … n' region, respectively; similarly, the n sectors of the jth spiral layer are respectively designated as n (j-1)′ +1 region, n (j-1)′ +2 region, n (j-1)′ +3 region … … n (j-1)′ A zone;
and so on, the m spiral layer group is as follows:
the n scallop regions of the first spiral layer are designated as (m-1) n+1 region, (m-1) n+2 region, (m-1) n+3 region … … mn region, respectively; the n scallop regions of the second spiral layer are designated as the (m-1) n ' +1 region, (m-1) n ' +2 region, (m-1) n ' +3 region … … m ' n ' region, respectively; similarly, the n sectors of the jth spiral layer are respectively designated as (m-1) n (j-1)′ +1 region, (m-1) n (j-1)′ +2 region, (m-1) n (j-1)′ +3 region … … m n (j-1)′ A zone;
respectively obtaining the contours of the corresponding workpieces of the sector areas according to the sequence of the area 1, the area 2 and the area 3, namely the area … n; similarly, the 1 'region, the 2' region, the 3 'region … … n' region; and so on, according to 1 (j-1)′ Zone, 2 (j-1)′ Zone, 3 (j-1)′ Region … … n (j-1)′ The areas respectively obtain the outline of the corresponding workpiece of each sector area; completing a spiral layer group slice;
after completing a 360-degree circumference, sequentially entering the next spiral layer group slice, namely a region n+1, a region n+2, a region n+3 and a region … … n; an n '+1 region, an n' +2 region, an n '+3 region … … n'; similarly, n (j-1)′ +1 region, n (j-1)′ +2 region, n (j-1)′ +3 region … … n (j-1)′ A zone;
and so on, until the layer is finished; obtaining the contours of the corresponding workpieces of all the fan-shaped areas;
step 3: filling the workpiece contour of each sector area obtained in the step II, and carrying out scanning path planning on the workpiece contour obtained by processing to obtain a scanning path; outputting G codes in the order from the starting layer to the ending layer;
step 4: determining the rotating speed, the printing sequence, the printing scanning area and the powder discharging range of the rotary powder bed according to the slicing parameters;
determining the rotating speed of the rotating powder bed to be matched with the slicing precision;
determining a printing sequence:
printing from the first spiral layer group to the m spiral layer group sequentially;
in each spiral layer group, each spiral layer is printed by a printing device at the same time;
determining a print scan area:
different spiral layers in each spiral layer group are printed by different printing devices respectively at the same time;
spiral layers with the same serial numbers in each spiral layer group are printed by the same printing device;
the printing scanning area of each group of printing devices at least covers one sector;
step 5: printing:
step 5.1, rotating and descending the rotary powder bed at a constant speed, and uniformly paving and compacting the powder on a substrate of the rotary powder bed by a powder paving and compacting assembly;
step 5.2, turning the rotary powder bed to a printing scanning area which passes through for the first time, opening all printing units, controlling the printing units to scan according to a determined scanning path and parameters, melting powder in a section of a printing model, and solidifying and depositing the powder to form a section of a workpiece to be formed;
step 5.3, gradually reducing the height of j layers of layers in the process of controlling the rotary powder bed to rotate from 0 position to one circle, and finishing j layers of spiral powder spreading and printing;
step 5.4, entering a rotary powder bed for second circle rotation and descending, printing a j+1th layer, a j+2nd layer … … nd layer 2j, continuing third circle rotation and descending, printing a 2j+1th layer, a 2j+2nd layer … … rd layer 3j, fourth circle rotation and descending, printing a 3j+1th layer, a 3j+2nd layer … … th layer … …, and continuously spirally laying powder for printing;
and 5.5, closing the printing component until the printing of the workpiece is completed.
Further, the step 1 slice parameter planning further includes: each sector is divided into q small sectors arranged in the radial direction, where q is a natural number.
Further, in step 4, the print scan area is determined:
each electron gun or laser 311 in each set of printing units corresponds to the printing of x small sectors, x being a natural number;
when determining the printing order:
the small sectors which are alternate in each sector are printed at the same time;
in step 4, the spot distance needs to be determined:
the distance between the light spots of two adjacent electron guns or lasers 311 for printing in each group of printing devices is larger than a set value, so that mutual interference is avoided.
Further, the set value=100 nm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the printing efficiency is high;
the invention equally divides the three-dimensional graph of the workpiece to be formed into m spiral layer groups along the Z-axis direction; each spiral layer group comprises j spiral layers; the initial position of each spiral layer is different; each initial position corresponds to the position of each powder spreading compaction device one by one; the three-dimensional image of the workpiece to be formed is uniformly divided into n fan-shaped areas on an XOY plane by taking a C axis and a Z axis as parameters, the angle alpha=360/n of each fan-shaped area, the Z value difference of the adjacent fan-shaped areas is H/jn, j is the number of powder spreading devices or printing units, the spiral slicing method is matched with continuous multi-spiral powder spreading and multi-spiral printing, the rotating powder bed rotates for one circle, multi-layer printing can be realized, and more efficient production can be realized.
2. The printing quality is high;
the shape of each slicing area of the method is a sector, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the sector are determined according to the size of each printed workpiece, and the included angle alpha of the sector is determined by the precision and the equipment operation parameters required by the printed workpiece. The method simplifies continuous spiral surface (included angle-helix angle with the XOY surface) printing to horizontal surface printing. Each time the horizontal printing area is a sector, the height difference of each sector is H/jn (H is the pitch, n is the number of sectors in each week, n=360/alpha), so that the whole quality of the printing area is ensured.
3. The printing precision is high;
in the invention, each horizontal sector printing surface is divided into a plurality of small sectors which are arranged along the radial direction, and different electron guns which are arranged along the radial direction are controlled to carry out accurate and orderly partition scanning forming on the corresponding areas. The printing range of two adjacent electron guns can be seamlessly connected, so that the local quality and the whole quality of a printing area are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a conventional spiral printing method, an arrangement of electron guns;
1-rotating a powder bed, 2-a first area, 3-a second area;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a printing apparatus according to an embodiment;
in the figure: 1-a rotary powder bed, 2-a powder spreading compaction device, 3-a printing scanning area, 4-an electron gun or a laser, 41-an electron beam, 5-a powder cylinder and 6-a workpiece;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a spiral layer in a double spiral slice according to an embodiment; a is a schematic diagram of a certain spiral layer, b is a partial enlarged diagram of a;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spiral layer group in a double spiral slice according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a spiral layer group in a triple spiral slice according to an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the division of each sector (when each set of printing apparatus includes 2 electron guns);
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the division of each sector (when each set of printing apparatus includes 3 electron guns).
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The slicing and printing method is suitable for electron beam metal additive manufacturing of large-size complex parts, and can be applied to a multi-spiral printing device based on a multi-electron gun.
The structure of the printing apparatus may be as shown in fig. 2:
the powder spreading and compacting device mainly comprises a rotary powder bed 1, a printing component and a powder spreading and compacting component, wherein the printing component comprises j groups of printing units, and each group of printing units comprises m electron guns or lasers 4; the electron guns or lasers 4 in each group of printing units are arranged along the same straight line; each group of printing units form a printing scanning area 3 in the same radius area of the rotary powder bed 1, and the printing scanning areas 3 of each group of printing units are arranged in a central symmetry mode relative to the center of the rotary powder bed 1, namely are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the rotary powder bed 1 along the same circumference; j is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
The powder spreading and compacting assembly is arranged right above the rotary powder bed 1 and is used for continuously spreading and flattening and compacting the powder on the rotary powder bed 1 in a spiral manner; the powder spreading and compacting assembly comprises j sets of powder spreading and compacting devices 2, and the projections of the powder spreading and compacting devices 2 on the rotary powder bed 1 are positioned in different radius areas of the rotary powder bed 1 and are arranged in a central symmetry manner; the powder spreading compaction devices 2 form an included angle between the projection of the rotary powder bed 1 and the printing scanning area 3 of each group of printing units. In fig. 2, j=2, m=2, and the angle between the projection of each powder spreading and compacting device 2 on the rotating powder bed 1 and the printing scanning area 3 of each group of printing units is 90 °. In other embodiments, j and m may each be equal to any positive integer, depending on the actual printing situation.
The high-efficiency continuous uninterrupted multi-spiral printing can be realized by the following modes:
and 5, closing the printing component until the printing of the workpiece 6 is completed.
The present embodiment determines the scan path using the following slicing scheme:
dividing a three-dimensional model of a workpiece to be formed into m spiral layer groups along the Z-axis direction; the Z-direction height of each spiral layer group corresponds to one screw pitch;
each spiral layer group comprises j spiral layers; the initial positions of each spiral layer are different, and each initial position corresponds to the position of each powder spreading compaction device one by one; height H of the whole workpiece Workpiece ＝H*m；
Uniformly dividing a three-dimensional model of a workpiece to be formed into n fan-shaped areas on each spiral layer by taking a C axis and a Z axis as parameters, wherein the angle alpha=360/n of each fan-shaped area, and the Z value difference of the adjacent fan-shaped areas is H/jn; wherein H is the pitch;
the first spiral layer group is:
the n sector areas of the first spiral layer are named as 1 area, 2 area and 3 area … … n area respectively; the n fan-shaped regions of the second spiral layer are respectively named as 1 'region, 2' region and 3 'region … … n' region; and such asPush, n scallops of the j-th spiral layer are designated 1 respectively (j -1)′ Zone, 2 (j-1)′ Zone, 3 (j-1)′ Region … … n (j-1)′ A zone;
and (3) arranging a second spiral layer group:
the n sector regions of the first spiral layer are designated as n+1 region, n+2 region, n+3 region … … n region, respectively; the n scallop regions of the second spiral layer are designated as the n '+1 region, the n' +2 region, the n '+3 region … … n' region, respectively; similarly, the n sectors of the jth spiral layer are respectively designated as n (j-1)′ +1 region, n (j-1)′ +2 region, n (j-1)′ +3 region … … n (j-1)′ A zone;
and so on, the m spiral layer group is as follows:
the n scallop regions of the first spiral layer are designated as (m-1) n+1 region, (m-1) n+2 region, (m-1) n+3 region … … mn region, respectively; the n scallop regions of the second spiral layer are designated as the (m-1) n ' +1 region, (m-1) n ' +2 region, (m-1) n ' +3 region … … m ' n ' region, respectively; similarly, the n sectors of the jth spiral layer are respectively designated as (m-1) n (j-1)′ +1 region, (m-1) n (j-1)′ +2 region, (m-1) n (j-1)′ +3 region … … m n (j-1)′ A zone;
respectively obtaining the contours of the corresponding workpieces of the sector areas according to the sequence of the area 1, the area 2 and the area 3, namely the area … n; similarly, the 1 'region, the 2' region, the 3 'region … … n' region; and so on, according to 1 (j-1)′ Zone, 2 (j-1)′ Zone, 3 (j-1)′ Region … … n (j-1)′ The areas respectively obtain the outline of the corresponding workpiece of each sector area; completing a spiral layer group slice;
after completing a 360-degree circumference, sequentially entering the next spiral layer group slice, namely a region n+1, a region n+2, a region n+3 and a region … … n; an n '+1 region, an n' +2 region, an n '+3 region … … n'; similarly, n (j-1)′ +1 region, n (j-1)′ +2 region, n (j-1)′ +3 region … … n (j-1)′ A zone;
and so on, until the layer is finished; obtaining the contours of the corresponding workpieces of all the fan-shaped areas;
step 3: filling the workpiece contour of each sector area obtained in the step 2, and carrying out scanning path planning on the workpiece contour obtained by processing to obtain a scanning path; g codes are output in the order from the start spiral layer group to the end spiral layer group.
Determining the rotating speed, the printing sequence, the printing scanning area and the powder discharging range of the rotary powder bed according to the slicing parameters;
determining the rotating speed of the rotating powder bed to be matched with the slicing precision;
determining a printing sequence:
printing from the first spiral layer group to the m spiral layer group sequentially;
in each spiral layer group, each spiral layer is printed by a printing device at the same time;
determining a print scan area:
different spiral layers in each spiral layer group are printed by different printing devices respectively at the same time;
spiral layers with the same serial numbers in each spiral layer group are printed by the same printing device;
the printing scanning area of each group of printing devices at least covers one sector;
after the technical scheme is adopted, the larger the n value is, the smaller the Z value phase difference of adjacent sectors is, the more the upper surface of each spiral layer is close to a continuous smooth spiral surface, namely, when n & gtto & gtinfinity, the upper surface of each sector is seamlessly spliced into a smooth spiral surface, namely, when n & gtto & gtinfinity, the upper surface of each sector is h & gtto 0.
The spiral slice of the invention simplifies each layer of spiral surface into n sectors which are connected continuously and have a certain height difference and are perpendicular to the Z axis, and the n sectors are shown in figures 3 and 4. Height of the whole work piece hwork piece=hx m. The value of n is set according to the requirement of the surface accuracy of the workpiece, and is also set in consideration of the requirement of the printing speed and the performance of the device. Each zone is represented by a C-axis parameter (between 0 ° and 360 m) and a Z-axis parameter (between 0 and H x m).
In the case of duplex printing, the height difference of each adjacent sector in the Z-axis direction is h=h/2 n (H is the pitch, H/2 is the print layer thickness) as shown in fig. 4.
The embodiment includes two groups of printing units, each group of printing units includes two electron guns, and for convenience of description, the two groups of printing units are respectively defined as a group of printing units and a group of printing units; two electron guns in the a-group printing unit are defined as an A1 electron gun and an A2 electron gun; the two electron guns in the B group printing unit are defined as a B1 electron gun and a B2 electron gun.
In the group A printing unit, an A1 electron gun and an A2 electron gun print in the order of a region 1, a region 2, a region 3, a region … … n (first circle), a region n+1, a region n+2, a region n+3, a region … … 2n (second circle), a region … … (m-1) n+ 1, (m-1) n+ 2, and a region (m-1) n+ 3, a region … … mn;
in the B-group printing unit, the B1 electron gun and the B2 electron gun print in the order of the region 1', the 2', the 3'… … n' region '(first week), the n' +1 region, the n '+2 region, the n' +3 region … … n 'region (second week) … … (m-1) n' +1 region, (m-1) n '+2 region, (m-1) n' +3 region … … m 'n'. The group A printing unit and the group B printing unit print simultaneously.
If 3 spiral printing is performed, the printing thickness of each spiral layer is H/3, and H is the pitch, see FIG. 5. The rotary powder bed rotates in the rotation direction in the drawing, and comprises 3 spiral layers in one spiral layer group, wherein each spiral layer is divided into n sectors, and the height difference of each adjacent sector in the Z-axis direction is h=H/3 n. Three powder spreading compaction devices are respectively fixed above n, n', and three printing areas are respectively formed by A, B, C three electron gun sets (printing units) above the position of the graph A, B, C. The number of electron guns in each set of printing units is determined by the size of the ring, ensuring that the maximum size of the area of the scanning range of each electron gun does not exceed 200mm (here square side length). The A electron gun group prints in the order of the area 1, the area 2, the area 3 … … n (first circle), the area n+1, the area n+2, the area n+3 … … n (second circle), the area 2n+1, the area 2n+2, the area 2n+3 … … nm; the B electron gun group prints in the order of the region 1', 2', 3'… … n' (first week), n '+1, n' +2, n '+3 … … n' (second week); the C gun set prints in the order of zone 1 ", zone 2", zone 3 "… … n" (first week), zone n "+1 … … zone n" m "(second week).
Each sector can be further divided into q small sectors arranged along the radial direction when spiral slicing is performed, wherein q is a natural number. E.g. 4 small sectors arranged in radial direction, each group of printing units comprising two electron guns, as in fig. 6, i.e. each electron gun is responsible for printing of two adjacent small sectors. It is also possible to divide the printing unit into 6 small sectors arranged in the radial direction, and in the case where each group of printing units includes 3 electron guns, each electron gun is responsible for printing of two adjacent small sectors, as shown in fig. 7. The number of small sectors and the number of electron guns can be selected according to actual needs.
To avoid the problem that the beam quality is affected by the interference of adjacent electron beam 33 spots working at the same time when the distance between the adjacent electron gun spots is too close, the distance between the two adjacent electron gun spots must be controlled to be larger than 100mm.
As shown in fig. 6, each sector print zone is divided into 4 small sectors, a, b, c, d respectively. a. The B area belongs to the printing scanning area of the A1 (or B1) electron gun, and the c and d areas belong to the printing scanning area of the A2 (or B2) electron gun. In FIG. 6, the dimension 144mm is not a fixed value, and is not less than 100mm.
In order to ensure the beam quality, the areas printed by the two electron guns A1 and A2 can not be connected and the distance is more than 100mm, and the areas printed simultaneously according to the principle are as follows:
a and c;
a and d;
b and d.
If each group of printing units comprises 3 electron guns, namely A1, A2 and A3, respectively, the areas 7,a and b of the printing units belong to the printing scanning area of the A1 electron gun, the areas c and d belong to the printing scanning area of the A2 electron gun, and the areas e and f belong to the printing scanning area of the A3 electron gun. In FIG. 7, the dimension of 100mm is not a fixed value, and is not less than 100mm. In this case, the areas that can be printed simultaneously are arranged as follows, according to the principle described above:
a. c and e;
a. c and f;
b. d and f;
a. d and f.
And similarly, the multiple electron guns arranged in each group of printing units can perform zoned slice printing according to the principle that adjacent light spots printed simultaneously are larger than 100mm.
Therefore, the principle is considered when spiral slicing is carried out, and then the printing area and sequence of each electron gun are controlled, so that the quality of each electron beam can be effectively improved, and the printing quality is improved.
Claims (4)
1. An efficient continuous uninterrupted multi-spiral slice and print method comprising the steps of:
step 1, planning slice parameters:
dividing a three-dimensional model formed by combining a workpiece to be formed and a follow-up powder cylinder into m spiral layer groups along the Z-axis direction; the Z-direction height of each spiral layer group corresponds to one screw pitch;
each spiral layer group comprises j spiral layers; the initial positions of each spiral layer are different, and the initial positions correspond to the positions of the powder spreading compaction devices one by one; height H of the whole workpiece Workpiece ＝H*m；
Uniformly dividing the three-dimensional model into n sector areas on each spiral layer by taking a C axis and a Z axis as parameters, wherein the surface of each sector area is a horizontal plane, the angle alpha=360/n of each sector area, and the Z value difference of the adjacent sector areas is H/jn; wherein H is the pitch; the inner diameter and the outer diameter of each sector are equal to the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the workbench; the area of the sector needs to satisfy: the printing scanning area of each group of printing devices at least covers one sector;
the first spiral layer group is:
the n sector areas of the first spiral layer are named as 1 area, 2 area and 3 area … … n area respectively; the n fan-shaped regions of the second spiral layer are respectively named as 1 'region, 2' region and 3 'region … … n' region; similarly, the n sectors of the jth spiral layer are each designated 1 (j-1)′ Zone, 2 (j-1)′ Zone, 3 (j-1)′ Region … … n (j-1)′ A zone;
and (3) arranging a second spiral layer group:
the n sector regions of the first spiral layer are designated as n+1 region, n+2 region, n+3 region … … n region, respectively; the n scallop regions of the second spiral layer are designated as the n '+1 region, the n' +2 region, the n '+3 region … … n' region, respectively; to be used forBy analogy, the n scallop regions of the j-th spiral layer are respectively named n (j-1)′ +1 region, n (j-1)′ +2 region, n (j-1)′ +3 region … … n (j-1)′ A zone;
and so on, the m spiral layer group is as follows:
the n scallop regions of the first spiral layer are designated as (m-1) n+1 region, (m-1) n+2 region, (m-1) n+3 region … … mn region, respectively; the n scallop regions of the second spiral layer are designated as the (m-1) n ' +1 region, (m-1) n ' +2 region, (m-1) n ' +3 region … … m ' n ' region, respectively; similarly, the n sectors of the jth spiral layer are respectively designated as (m-1) n (j-1)′ +1 region, (m-1) n (j-1)′ +2 region, (m-1) n (j -1)′ +3 region … … m n (j-1)′ A zone;
step 2, slicing the workpiece according to the slicing parameters planned in the step 1:
respectively obtaining the contours of the corresponding workpieces of the sector areas according to the sequence of the area 1, the area 2 and the area 3, namely the area … n; similarly, the 1 'region, the 2' region, the 3 'region … … n' region; and so on, according to 1 (j-1)′ Zone, 2 (j-1)′ Zone, 3 (j-1)′ Region … … n (j-1)′ The areas respectively obtain the outline of the corresponding workpiece of each sector area; completing a spiral layer group slice;
after completing a 360-degree circumference, sequentially entering the next spiral layer group slice, namely a region n+1, a region n+2, a region n+3 and a region … … n; an n '+1 region, an n' +2 region, an n '+3 region … … n'; similarly, n (j-1)′ +1 region, n (j-1)′ +2 region, n (j-1)′ +3 region … … n (j-1)′ A zone;
and so on, until the layer is finished; obtaining the contours of the corresponding workpieces of all the fan-shaped areas;
step 3: filling the workpiece contour of each sector area obtained in the step 2, and carrying out scanning path planning on the workpiece contour obtained by processing to obtain a scanning path; outputting G codes in the order from the starting layer to the ending layer;
step 4: determining the rotating speed, the printing sequence, the printing scanning area and the powder discharging range of the rotary powder bed according to the slicing parameters;
determining the rotating speed of the rotating powder bed to be matched with the slicing precision;
determining a printing sequence:
printing from the first spiral layer group to the m spiral layer group sequentially;
in each spiral layer group, each spiral layer is printed by a printing device at the same time;
determining a print scan area:
different spiral layers in each spiral layer group are printed by different printing devices respectively at the same time;
spiral layers with the same serial numbers in each spiral layer group are printed by the same printing device;
the printing scanning area of each group of printing devices at least covers one sector;
step 5: printing:
step 5.1, rotating and descending the rotary powder bed at a constant speed, and uniformly paving and compacting the powder on a substrate of the rotary powder bed by a powder paving and compacting assembly;
step 5.2, turning the rotary powder bed to a printing scanning area which passes through for the first time, opening all printing units, controlling the printing units to scan according to a determined scanning path and parameters, melting powder in a section of a printing model, and solidifying and depositing the powder to form a section of a workpiece to be formed;
step 5.3, gradually reducing the height of j layers of layers in the process of controlling the rotary powder bed to rotate from 0 position to one circle, and finishing j layers of spiral powder spreading and printing;
step 5.4, entering a rotary powder bed for second circle rotation and descending, printing a j+1th layer, a j+2nd layer … … nd layer 2j, continuing third circle rotation and descending, printing a 2j+1th layer, a 2j+2nd layer … … rd layer 3j, fourth circle rotation and descending, printing a 3j+1th layer, a 3j+2nd layer … … th layer … …, and continuously spirally laying powder for printing;
and 5.5, closing the printing component until the printing of the workpiece is completed.
2. The efficient continuous uninterrupted multi-spiral slice and print method of claim 1 wherein step 1 slice parameter planning further comprises: each sector is divided into q small sectors arranged in the radial direction, where q is a natural number.
3. The efficient continuous uninterrupted multi-spiral slice and print method of claim 2 wherein:
determining a printing scanning area in step 4:
each electron gun or laser in each group of printing units corresponds to the printing of x small sectors, and x is a natural number;
when determining the printing order:
the small sectors which are alternate in each sector are printed at the same time;
in step 4, the spot distance needs to be determined:
the distance between the light spots of two adjacent electron guns or lasers for printing in each group of printing devices is larger than a set value, so that mutual interference is avoided.
4. A high efficiency continuous uninterrupted multi-spiral slice and print method according to claim 3 wherein: the set value = 100nm.
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