CN110315079B - Additive manufacturing device and forming method - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing device and forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110315079B CN110315079B CN201910702759.7A CN201910702759A CN110315079B CN 110315079 B CN110315079 B CN 110315079B CN 201910702759 A CN201910702759 A CN 201910702759A CN 110315079 B CN110315079 B CN 110315079B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
- B22F12/37—Rotatable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
- B22F10/18—Formation of a green body by mixing binder with metal in filament form, e.g. fused filament fabrication [FFF]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/67—Blades
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an additive manufacturing device and a forming method, wherein a rotary workbench is formed through a fixed base and a turntable, a space rotary forming device is formed by matching with a lifting platform, a telescopic protective cover is arranged between the fixed base and the lifting platform, a working sealing cavity is formed among the telescopic protective cover, the fixed base and the lifting platform, SLM forming is conveniently carried out on the working sealing cavity. By using the dynamic powder cylinder model, the area which is not required to be formed can be isolated, the powder spreading breadth is reduced, and the forming efficiency is improved. The telescopic protective cover is used for sealing the forming space, so that the atmosphere is protected, and the sealing mode is simple and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and relates to an additive manufacturing device and a forming method.
Background
The laser selective melting (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) forming technology in the metal additive manufacturing technology has the advantages of high forming precision and stronger structural capability of complex structures because the powder can play a self-supporting role, and has wide application prospects in high-end fields such as aerospace, automobiles, high-end molds, medical treatment and the like. The current SLM forming technology has small size of formed workpiece (generally less than 500 mm), and manufacturing large-size metal components is a technical bottleneck which is difficult to break through for a long time in the SLM technology. This technical bottleneck is determined by the process characteristics of the SLM shaping technique itself: the workpiece is formed by spreading powder layer by layer in a forming cylinder and then scanning a specific area layer by using laser to melt the powder for forming. The larger the size of the formed workpiece is, the larger the required forming cylinder is, the longer the powder laying waiting time is, and the lower the powder utilization rate is, so that the forming efficiency is reduced, and the production cost is greatly increased. At present, most of SLM forming equipment suppliers at home and abroad adopt a multi-beam splicing mode to improve the forming efficiency, but no effective method exists at present on how to improve the powder utilization rate and how to shorten the powder laying waiting time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an additive manufacturing device and a forming method, which are used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an additive manufacturing device comprises a rotary workbench, a lifting platform, a forming assembly, a laser printing device and a feeding paving assembly;
the forming assembly, the laser printing device and the feeding leveling assembly are all arranged on a lifting platform through an XY guide rail system, and the lifting platform drives the forming assembly, the laser printing device and the feeding leveling assembly to move along a Z axis through a Z guide rail system;
the rotary workbench comprises a fixed base and a rotary table, a substrate is fixed on the rotary table, and the rotary table can rotate relative to the fixed base;
a telescopic protective cover is arranged between the fixed base and the lifting platform, the upper end and the lower end of the telescopic protective cover are respectively and fixedly connected with the lifting platform and the fixed base in a sealing manner, a working sealing cavity is formed among the telescopic protective cover, the fixed base and the lifting platform, and a printing head of a forming assembly, a printing head of a laser printing device and a scraper component of a feeding paving assembly are all located in the working sealing cavity.
Further, the lower end of the fixed base is provided with a driving motor, the driving motor is connected with the turntable through a driving shaft, the driving shaft penetrates through the fixed base, and the driving shaft is sealed with the fixed base.
Further, the Z-guide rail system comprises upright posts arranged on two sides of the lifting platform, a vertical guide rail is arranged on one side of the upright posts, which is close to the lifting platform, a motor is arranged at the upper end of the upright posts, a screw rod arranged along the vertical guide rail is fixed at the output end of the motor, and nuts matched with the screw rod for transmission are fixed on the side face of the lifting platform.
Further, the nut is fixed on the side surface of the lifting platform through a nut seat.
Further, the forming assembly is one of a fused deposition forming printing system, a laser near net forming printing system or a cold metal transition welding system.
Further, an X-direction horizontal guide rail system is arranged at the bottom of the rotary workbench, and the X-direction horizontal guide rail system adopts a lead screw guide rail platform.
Further, the screw guide rail platform comprises a supporting platform and a guide rail arranged on the supporting platform, a sliding block matched with the guide rail to slide is arranged at the lower end of the rotary workbench, a transmission motor is arranged on the screw guide rail platform, the output end of the transmission motor is connected with a transmission screw, and a transmission nut matched with the transmission screw to be transmitted is arranged at the bottom of the rotary workbench.
Further, the upright post is fixed on the screw guide rail platform; the upper ends of the two upright posts are provided with cross beams.
Further, the XY guide rail system adopts a horizontal guide rail system.
Further, the XY guide rail system, the X-direction horizontal guide rail system and the Z-direction guide rail system are all provided with precise grating scales.
A method of forming based on an additive manufacturing apparatus, comprising the steps of:
step 1), firstly preparing a dynamic powder cylinder model of a part to be formed: the two side walls of the cavity in the dynamic powder cylinder model are respectively a first side wall and a second side wall, the first side wall and the second side wall are finally closed in the horizontal direction to form the section outline of the dynamic powder cylinder, and the first side wall and the second side wall of the dynamic powder cylinder model and a substrate serving as the bottom surface form a forming area of a part to be formed; on the same horizontal section, a cavity pattern is formed in the inner cavity of the dynamic powder cylinder model, a part pattern is formed on a part to be formed, and the cavity pattern and the part pattern are similar patterns;
determining the cross-sectional shape and the size of a dynamic powder cylinder model according to the shape characteristics of a part to be formed, and then preparing the dynamic powder cylinder model by adopting an additive forming method; in the forming process of the dynamic powder cylinder model, the dynamic powder cylinder model wraps a part to be formed in the dynamic powder cylinder model at any forming height, and the dynamic powder cylinder model is formed to an initial height;
and 2) rotating powder spreading in the dynamic powder cylinder model of the formed part, and carrying out SLM forming treatment on the formed powder spreading part, wherein the powder spreading surface of the part to be formed is always lower than the forming surface of the dynamic powder cylinder model by 5-50mm from the initial height in the forming process.
Further, in the forming process, inert gas is introduced into the telescopic protective cover to form an inert atmosphere environment; the dynamic powder cylinder model is divided and set into a plurality of areas which are sequentially continuous along the section contour track of the dynamic powder cylinder model for local powder spreading and SLM forming.
Further, a scraper is utilized to spread powder in the dynamic powder cylinder model, and the workbench is rotated at the same time, so that the powder spreading thickness of the powder spreading device is the one-time forming thickness; the powder spreading device performs spiral ascending motion relative to a piece to be formed in the dynamic powder cylinder model; the scraper spreads the powder while the workbench rotates, the lifting platform synchronously makes lifting movement, and the lifting platform lifts the height of a powder spreading layer thickness when the rotary workbench rotates for one circle, and the whole space track of the scraper spreads the powder forms a spiral curve relative to a piece to be formed; the doctor spreads powder along the spiral track, and the laser printing device performs sintering forming on the spread powder area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention relates to an additive manufacturing device and a forming method, wherein a rotary workbench, a lifting platform, a forming assembly, a laser printing device and a feeding paving assembly are arranged; the forming assembly, the laser printing device and the feeding paving assembly are installed on the lifting platform through the XY guide system to form the X/Y/Z space forming device, the rotary workbench is formed through the fixed base and the turntable, the rotary workbench is matched with the lifting platform to form the space rotary forming device, a telescopic protective cover is arranged between the fixed base and the lifting platform, the upper end and the lower end of the telescopic protective cover are respectively and fixedly connected with the lifting platform and the fixed base in a sealing mode, a working sealing cavity is formed between the telescopic protective cover, the fixed base and the lifting platform, so that SLM forming is conducted in the working sealing cavity conveniently. The dynamic powder cylinder model is used in the forming process, so that the forming cylinders and the workpiece are arranged along with the forming, the gap between the workpiece and the forming cylinder body is reduced, the raw materials used in the additive forming are greatly saved, and the raw material use efficiency is improved. By using the dynamic powder cylinder model, redundant powder does not need to be recovered in the powder spreading process, and the use efficiency of raw materials is further improved. By using the dynamic powder cylinder model, the area which is not required to be formed can be isolated, the powder spreading breadth is reduced, and the forming efficiency is improved. The telescopic protective cover is used for sealing the forming space, so that the atmosphere is protected, and the sealing mode is simple and reliable. In addition, the volume of the closed space is minimized in the initial stage of forming the workpiece, so that the gas washing efficiency can be improved and the preparation time of the workpiece in the early stage of forming can be shortened.
Furthermore, by adopting the spiral track forming method, scanning sintering forming can be performed while powder is paved, the waiting time for powder paving is eliminated, and the laser scanning sintering forming action and the powder paving action can be performed simultaneously and continuously until the whole workpiece is formed, so that the forming efficiency is greatly improved.
Furthermore, the Z-guide rail system adopts lead screw transmission, so that the transmission is stable and the precision is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dynamic powder cylinder mold and a formed workpiece of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the whole structure of the base assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a rotary table structure.
In the figure: 1. a rotary table; 2. a lifting platform; 3. a forming assembly; 4. a laser printing device; 5. a feeding paving assembly; 6. a fixed base; 7. a turntable; 8. a substrate; 9. a retractable shield; 10. a driving motor; 11. a column; 12. a vertical guide rail; 13. a motor; 14. a nut seat; 15. a lead screw guide rail platform; 16. a cross beam; 17. a support platform; 18. a guide rail; 19. a slide block; 20. a drive motor; 21. a dynamic powder cylinder model; 22. a part to be formed; 23. a drive shaft; 24. and (5) sealing the cover.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, an additive manufacturing apparatus includes a rotary table 1, a lifting platform 2, a forming assembly 3, a laser printing device 4, and a feed paving assembly 5;
the forming assembly 3, the laser printing device 4 and the feeding paving assembly 5 are all arranged on the lifting platform 2 through an XY guide rail system, and the lifting platform 2 is driven to move along a Z axis through a Z guide rail system;
as shown in fig. 5, the rotary table 1 includes a fixed base 6 and a turntable 7, a substrate 8 is fixed on the turntable 7, and the turntable 7 can rotate relative to the fixed base 6; the turntable 7 can realize any angle indexing action or continuous rotation action by taking the Z axis as a rotating shaft;
a telescopic protective cover 9 is arranged between the fixed base 6 and the lifting platform 2, the upper end and the lower end of the telescopic protective cover 9 are respectively and fixedly connected with the lifting platform 2 and the fixed base 6 in a sealing way, a working sealing cavity, namely a forming cavity, is formed among the telescopic protective cover 9, the fixed base 6 and the lifting platform 2, and the printing head of the forming assembly 3, the printing head of the laser printing device 4 and the scraper component of the feeding paving assembly 5 are all positioned in the working sealing cavity;
the bottom of the lifting platform 2 is provided with a sealing cover 24, the sealing cover 24 adopts a flexible sealing cover, one end of the sealing cover 24 is in sealing connection with the bottom of the lifting platform 2, the other end of the sealing cover 24 is in sealing adhesion with the side wall of the printing head of the forming assembly 3, a sealing space of the printing head is formed between the sealing cover 24 and the bottom of the lifting platform 2, one end of the sealing cover 24 and one end of the sealing adhesion of the side wall of the printing head can move along with one end of the printing head, and inert gas in a working sealing cavity is prevented from leaking by utilizing the flexible characteristic of the sealing cover; likewise, the printing head of the laser printing device 4 and the scraper part of the feeding paving assembly 5 are both provided with sealing covers, so that inert gas is prevented from missing from the connection gap between the forming assembly 3 and the lifting platform 2, the connection gap between the laser printing device 4 and the lifting platform 2 or the connection gap between the feeding paving assembly 5 and the lifting platform 2 during printing;
the outer side of the fixed base 6 is provided with a connecting flange connected with a telescopic protective cover 9; the connecting flange is used for realizing the sealing and fixed connection between the fixed base 6 and the telescopic protective cover 9; the driving shaft 23 penetrates through the fixed base 6, and the driving shaft 23 is sealed with the fixed base 6;
the lower end of the fixed base 6 is provided with a driving motor 10, and the driving motor 10 is connected with a turntable 7 through a driving shaft 23;
the Z-guide rail system comprises upright posts 11 arranged on two sides of the lifting platform 2, a vertical guide rail 12 is arranged on one side, close to the lifting platform 2, of the upright posts 11, a motor 13 is arranged at the upper end of each upright post 11, a screw rod arranged along the vertical guide rail 12 is fixed at the output end of each motor 13, and nuts matched with the screw rods for transmission are fixed on the side face of the lifting platform 2; the nut is fixed on the side surface of the lifting platform 2 through a nut seat 14;
the forming component 3 is one of a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printing system, a laser near net shape (LENS) printing system or a cold metal transition welding system (CMT);
an X-direction horizontal guide rail system is arranged at the bottom of the rotary workbench 1, the X-direction horizontal guide rail system adopts a lead screw guide rail platform 15, the lead screw guide rail platform 15 comprises a supporting platform 17 and a guide rail 18 arranged on the supporting platform 17, a sliding block 19 matched with the guide rail 18 for sliding is arranged at the lower end of the rotary workbench 1, a transmission motor 20 is arranged on the lead screw guide rail platform 15, the output end of the transmission motor 20 is connected with a transmission lead screw, and a transmission nut matched with the transmission lead screw for transmission is arranged at the bottom of the rotary workbench 1;
the upright post 11 is fixed on the screw guide rail platform 15; the upper ends of the two upright posts 11 are provided with cross beams 16 for improving the stability of the whole device;
the XY guide rail system adopts a horizontal guide rail system, and can drive the forming assembly 3, the laser printing device 4 and the feeding paving assembly 5 to horizontally move on the lifting platform 2;
and the XY guide rail system, the X-direction horizontal guide rail system and the Z guide rail system are all provided with precise grating scales, so that closed-loop feedback is provided for movement, and the operation positioning precision and repeated positioning precision of the X-direction horizontal guide rail system and the Z guide rail system are ensured.
The forming assembly 3 is used for printing a dynamic powder cylinder model which corresponds to a part to be formed and is used along with printing on a substrate in the forming process, wherein the dynamic powder cylinder model consists of a first side wall and a second side wall, and the overall shape and the size of the dynamic powder cylinder model are determined according to the appearance characteristics of the part to be processed;
the laser printing device comprises a QBH joint, a collimation beam expanding module, a vibrating mirror and an f-theta field lens/dynamic focusing mirror, and is connected with a laser through an optical fiber, and the laser printing device is used for realizing track scanning of the powder bed surface in the SLM forming process; the laser printing device can move along the horizontal guide rail system, and a precise grating ruler is arranged on the horizontal guide rail system, so that the positioning precision and the repeated positioning precision of the movement of the laser printing device are ensured; the laser printing device is integrally sealed in an optical system protective cover, so that dust and metal powder produced in the forming process are prevented from polluting a laser path system, and adverse effects are caused on laser transmission. The 3D printing of the metal material, the ceramic material and the resin material can be realized by replacing modular components such as a laser type, a feeding paving component, a dynamic forming cylinder forming component and the like. Different forms, different numbers of laser types, feeding paving assemblies and dynamic forming cylinder forming assemblies, and different configurations formed can realize the additive forming of the functionally graded material. Namely, the equipment can be suitable for various materials and various forming processes, and the application field of the equipment is greatly expanded.
Embodiment one:
(1) Generating a forming process parameter file of a piece to be formed:
firstly, carrying out data processing according to a three-dimensional model of an annular part to be processed, generating an SLM forming process file comprising slicing, supporting, scanning paths, process parameters and scanning strategies, importing process file data, equipment parameters and material parameter information into process numerical simulation software, carrying out numerical simulation on the whole forming process to obtain deformation and stress buckling deformation results in the forming process, generating an anti-deformation prediction model of the SLM forming process by adding auxiliary supporting and supporting structure optimization for preventing stress deformation and heat conduction, and regenerating the obtained anti-deformation prediction model into the SLM forming process file;
(2) Designing a dynamic powder cylinder model corresponding to a part to be formed: determining the cross-sectional shape and the size of a dynamic powder cylinder model according to the shape characteristics of a to-be-formed part, wherein the shape characteristics of the to-be-formed part refer to the horizontal cross-sectional shape and the size of the to-be-formed part, the internal cavity of the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 is required to form a cavity pattern, the to-be-formed part 22 is required to form a part pattern, the cavity pattern and the part pattern are similar, and the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 comprises the to-be-formed part 22 in the internal cavity thereof, namely, the to-be-formed part 22 is positioned in a to-be-formed part forming area formed by a first side wall, a second side wall and a substrate serving as a bottom surface; meanwhile, the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 is required to have enough strength to bear raw materials required in the forming process of the part 22 to be formed; on the cross section with any height, the first side wall and the second side wall of the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 are kept at a distance of 5-10 mm from the outer wall of the piece 22 to be formed; if the part 22 to be formed is of an annular structure, the first side wall and the second side wall of the corresponding dynamic powder cylinder model 21 respectively form a closed annular shape; the annular region sandwiched by the two closed rings is the forming region of the member to be formed 22;
(3) Generating a forming process parameter file of a dynamic powder cylinder model: performing data processing on the three-dimensional model of the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 obtained in the step (2); the specific forming process of the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 can be any one of additive manufacturing forming processes such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), laser near net forming (LENS), cold metal transition welding technology (CMT) and the like; finally, a forming process parameter file of the corresponding dynamic powder cylinder model 21 is obtained; inputting the process parameter file into a device control system;
generating a three-dimensional model of the dynamic powder cylinder model 21: generating a layer of powder cylinder by adopting an additive manufacturing forming process, wherein the height of the powder cylinder meets the requirement of forming a layer of part slice by an SLM process; dividing and setting a plurality of areas which are sequentially continuous along the section contour track of the powder cylinder for local powder spreading and SLM forming;
(4) Sealing the forming cavity and replacing air in the forming area with inert gas;
(5) Forming a section of dynamic powder cylinder model on a substrate: starting a forming assembly 3, forming a section of dynamic powder cylinder model 21 on a substrate according to set technological parameters by using a set material adding mode, and requiring the formed dynamic powder cylinder model 21 to be in a complete closed ring shape; the forming action of the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 is realized by the linkage of the rotating action of a rotating workbench, the radial movement (X axis) of the forming cylinder forming assembly 3 and the lifting action (Z axis) of the lifting platform 2; the forming height of each dynamic powder cylinder model 21 is 10-20 mm;
(6) Paving powder in a dynamic powder cylinder model: fixing a scraper at the tail end of the powder spreading component 5, and then spreading powder in the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 formed in the step (5); wherein the height of the doctor blade is controlled by the height of the lifting platform 2. The powder spreading action of the scraper is realized by the linkage of the rotation action of the rotary worktable and the radial movement of the powder spreading component 5. In the powder spreading process, the scraper always moves in the dynamic powder cylinder model 21, and excessive powder cannot overflow to the outer side of the dynamic powder cylinder model 21.
(7) Forming a workpiece in a dynamic powder cylinder model: and (3) starting the laser printing device, and selectively melting and solidifying the paved powder area according to the forming technological parameters prepared in the step (1).
(8) The lifting platform is moved up by the height of one layer thickness. When the powder spreading area of one layer is completely printed and formed in the step (7), the lifting platform 2 is moved up by one layer of layer thickness to prepare for the powder spreading of the next layer.
(9) When the formed surface of the workpiece is 5-8 mm away from the formed surface of the dynamic powder cylinder model, turning to the step (5), starting the forming assembly 3, and heightening the dynamic powder cylinder model 21. That is, the top of the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 is higher than the forming surface of the piece 22 to be formed in the process of powder spreading and workpiece forming; thus, the excessive powder does not overflow to the outside of the dynamic vat model 21 during powder laying. Then sequentially executing the step (6), the step (7), the step (8) and the step (9) until the formed piece 22 is completely formed. When the distance between the surfaces of the to-be-formed piece 22 and the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 is larger than 5-8 mm, the step (6) is directly jumped, and then the step (7), the step (8) and the step (9) are sequentially executed until the whole to-be-formed piece 22 is completely formed.
(10) After the forming pieces are completely formed, the telescopic protective cover 9 is separated from the rotary table 1 and is retracted. The telescopic hood 9 and the lifting platform 2 are then raised to the highest position. Finally, the base plate 8, the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 fixed on the base plate and the piece 22 to be formed are transversely moved out of the forming area together by a forklift or other equipment and sent to a specific position for post-treatment work such as cleaning, cutting and the like.
In the first embodiment, according to the conventional single-layer slice forming, in the process of forming the dynamic powder cylinder model, the dynamic powder cylinder model is formed layer by layer or section by section in the longitudinal direction; transversely, forming a cavity pattern by a cavity in the dynamic powder cylinder model, forming a part pattern by a part to be formed, and forming a similar pattern by the cavity pattern and the part pattern;
forming in a layer-by-layer accumulation and superposition mode to finally obtain the complete workpiece. Spreading powder in the dynamic powder cylinder model by using a scraper, and rotating a workbench at the same time, wherein the powder spreading thickness of the powder spreading device is the one-time forming thickness; the powder spreading device performs spiral ascending motion relative to a piece to be formed in the dynamic powder cylinder model; the scraper spreads the powder while the workbench rotates, the lifting platform synchronously makes lifting movement, and the lifting platform can lift the height of a powder spreading layer thickness when the workbench rotates once, and the whole space track of the scraper spreads the powder forms a spiral curve relative to a piece to be formed; during forming, the action requirements of the rotary workbench, the lifting platform and the scraper are linked.
The invention uses an additive forming method to form a cylinder body before forming a part to be formed, and the cylinder body is used as a container for accommodating a workpiece and forming raw materials, and the size and the shape of the cylinder body are changed along with the size and the shape of the workpiece, so the cylinder body is called as a dynamic powder cylinder model.
Embodiment two:
(1) Generating a forming process parameter file of the workpiece: the workpiece to be formed is subjected to three-dimensional modeling (or a three-dimensional model file of the workpiece is obtained from a service object), and then data processing is performed. This data processing process may comprise one to several numerical simulation processes. Finally, an SLM forming process parameter file comprising slicing, supporting, scanning path and scanning strategy is generated. The process parameter file is input into a plant control system.
(2) Designing a dynamic powder cylinder model corresponding to a formed workpiece: the method comprises the steps that on the same forming horizontal section, a cavity pattern is required to be formed in an inner cavity of a dynamic powder cylinder model 21, a part pattern is required to be formed in a part 22 to be formed, the cavity pattern and the part pattern are similar patterns, and the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 comprises the part 22 to be formed in the part to be formed, namely, the part 22 to be formed is positioned in a part to be formed forming area formed by a first side wall, a second side wall and a substrate serving as a bottom surface; the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 itself is required to have sufficient strength to carry the raw materials required for the forming process of the part 22 to be formed. On any height of cross section, the first side wall and the second side wall of the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 are kept at a distance of 5-10 mm from the side surface of the piece 22 to be formed; if the member 22 to be formed is of an annular structure, the first side wall and the second side wall of the corresponding dynamic powder cylinder model 21 respectively form a closed annular shape, and annular areas clamped by the two closed annular shapes are forming areas of the member 22 to be formed. Finally, a three-dimensional model of the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 is generated.
(3) Generating a forming process parameter file of a dynamic powder cylinder model: and (3) performing data processing on the three-dimensional model of the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 obtained in the step (2). The corresponding shaping process parameter file of the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 is finally obtained. The process parameter file is input into a plant control system.
(4) The forming zone is closed and the air in the forming zone is replaced with an inert gas.
(5) Forming a section of dynamic powder cylinder model on a substrate: the forming assembly is started, and a section of dynamic powder cylinder model 21 is formed on the substrate according to the set technological parameters by using the set material adding mode. The formed dynamic powder cylinder mold 21 is required to be a complete closed ring shape. The forming action of the dynamic powder cylinder model is realized by the linkage of the rotating action of the rotating worktable, the radial movement of the forming component of the forming cylinder and the lifting action of the lifting platform. The height of the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 is recommended to be 10-20 mm each time.
(6) Paving powder in a dynamic powder cylinder model and simultaneously forming a workpiece: a scraper with proper size specification is selected and fixed at the tail end of the powder spreading component, and then powder spreading is carried out in the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 formed in the step (5). The lifting platform synchronously makes lifting movement while the scraper spreads powder (the workbench rotates). The lifting platform can lift the height of a powder spreading layer thickness after each rotation of the workbench. The whole space track of the scraper for laying powder is presented as a spiral ascending curve.
(7) When the formed surface of the workpiece is 5-8 mm away from the formed surface of the dynamic powder cylinder model, turning to the step (5), starting the forming assembly, and heightening the dynamic powder cylinder model 21. That is, the top of the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 is higher than the forming surface of the piece 22 to be formed in the process of laying powder and forming the piece 22 to be formed. Thus, the excessive powder does not overflow to the outside of the dynamic vat model 21 during powder laying. Then sequentially executing the step (6) and the step (7) until the whole piece 22 to be formed is completely formed.
(8) After the forming member 22 is completely formed, the retractable protective cover is separated from the rotary workbench and retracted. And then the telescopic protective cover and the lifting platform are lifted to the highest position. Finally, the base plate, the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 fixed on the base plate and the piece 22 to be formed are transversely moved out of the forming area by a forklift or other equipment and sent to a specific position for post-treatment work such as cleaning, cutting and the like.
Embodiment III:
as shown in fig. 3. The two upright posts are fixedly connected by the cross beam, so that the rigidity of the whole equipment frame structure can be improved. And the whole set of equipment is arranged on the supporting platform. The support platform is provided with a horizontal guide rail, and the rotary workbench can horizontally move along the guide rail.
When the workpiece is being formed, the rotary workbench is positioned right below the lifting platform, and the base of the rotary workbench and the supporting platform are in a position locking state.
And after the workpiece is formed, the telescopic protective cover is separated from the rotary workbench and is retracted. And then the telescopic protective cover and the lifting platform are lifted to the highest position. Then, the position lock state of the rotary table is released. The rotary table, the base plate 8 fixed thereon, the dynamic powder cylinder mold 21, and the member 22 to be formed are horizontally moved out of the forming area along the guide rail on the base. And finally, the base plate, the dynamic powder cylinder model 21 fixed on the base plate and the part 22 to be formed are moved to a specific position by crane equipment such as a crown block or a forklift and the like to carry out post-treatment work such as cleaning, cutting and the like.
Further, the rotary table may be provided in the form of a swap table. Therefore, the substrate loading and unloading time can be greatly shortened, and the equipment use efficiency is improved.
Embodiment four:
as shown in fig. 1. The laser galvanometer of the additive manufacturing equipment is arranged on the lifting platform. And a plurality of sets of laser printing devices are arranged on the lifting platform. Each set of laser printing device can independently do radial movement on the lifting platform, so that a plurality of sets of laser printing devices are allowed to work on the same radius area at the same time, and the forming efficiency of a workpiece is improved.
Fifth embodiment:
as shown in fig. 1 or 3. The telescopic protective cover for the additive manufacturing equipment connects the base of the rotary workbench with the lifting platform, so that a closed atmosphere protection area is formed. At the initial forming time, the lifting platform is at the lowest position, and the forming area is minimum in volume. At this point, the air in the forming zone is initially replaced with inert gas, with minimal time and minimal air consumption (because of the minimal volume of displaced air). In the process of forming the workpiece, the lifting platform gradually rises, and the volume of a forming area is continuously increased. In order to maintain the gas pressure in the forming zone slightly greater than the gas pressure in the chamber, it is necessary to gradually increase the amount of inert gas injected.
Example six:
to form the atmosphere protection area, a working chamber with air tightness can be built, and the whole additive manufacturing equipment main body can be placed in the working chamber. That is, the entire airtight working chamber is internally used as an atmosphere protection area. The volume of the atmosphere protection zone in this embodiment is substantially unchanged from the initial forming time to the end forming time. However, when the air is replaced with the inert gas, the time is longer and the gas consumption is higher.
Embodiment seven:
in order to improve the surface quality and the dimensional accuracy of the finished workpiece, a material reduction processing device such as a milling head, a grinding head and the like can be additionally arranged below the lifting platform if necessary.
The conveying of different raw materials such as powder, slurry, paste and the like can be realized by replacing the feeding paving component; and then, by replacing the laser, the input of different characteristic energy can be realized. Thereby realizing the additive forming of ceramic materials and resin materials. Different forms, different numbers of laser types, feeding and paving assemblies and dynamic forming cylinder forming assemblies can realize additive forming of gradient functional composite materials such as metal/ceramic, metal/metal, ceramic/nonmetal, nonmetal/plastic, ceramic/ceramic, metal/nonmetal and the like.
Claims (8)
1. The additive manufacturing device is characterized by comprising a rotary workbench (1), a lifting platform (2), a forming assembly (3), a laser printing device (4) and a feeding paving assembly (5);
the forming assembly (3), the laser printing device (4) and the feeding paving assembly (5) are all arranged on the lifting platform (2) through an XY guide rail system, and the lifting platform (2) drives the lifting platform to move along a Z axis through a Z guide rail system;
the rotary workbench (1) comprises a fixed base (6) and a rotary table (7), a substrate (8) is fixed on the rotary table (7), and the rotary table (7) can rotate relative to the fixed base (6);
a telescopic protective cover (9) is arranged between the fixed base (6) and the lifting platform (2), the upper end and the lower end of the telescopic protective cover (9) are respectively and fixedly connected with the lifting platform (2) and the fixed base (6) in a sealing way, and a working sealing cavity is formed among the telescopic protective cover (9), the fixed base (6) and the lifting platform (2);
the printing head of the forming assembly (3), the printing head of the laser printing device (4) and the scraper component of the feeding paving assembly (5) are all positioned in the working sealing cavity; the lower end of the fixed base (6) is provided with a driving motor (10), the driving motor (10) is connected with the turntable (7) through a driving shaft (23), the driving shaft (23) penetrates through the fixed base (6), and the driving shaft (23) is sealed with the fixed base (6); the forming component (3) is one of a fused deposition forming printing system, a laser near net forming printing system or a cold metal transition welding system.
2. The additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the Z-guide rail system comprises upright posts (11) arranged on two sides of the lifting platform (2), vertical guide rails (12) are arranged on one side, close to the lifting platform (2), of the upright posts (11), motors (13) are arranged at the upper ends of the upright posts (11), lead screws arranged along the vertical guide rails (12) are fixed at the output ends of the motors (13), and nuts matched with the lead screws for transmission are fixed on the side faces of the lifting platform (2).
3. Additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the nut is fixed to the side of the lifting platform (2) by means of a nut seat (14).
4. Additive manufacturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the bottom of the rotary table (1) is provided with an X-direction horizontal rail system, which employs a screw rail platform (15).
5. The additive manufacturing device according to claim 4, wherein the screw guide rail platform (15) comprises a supporting platform (17) and a guide rail (18) arranged on the supporting platform (17), a sliding block (19) matched with the guide rail (18) to slide is arranged at the lower end of the rotary workbench (1), a transmission motor (20) is arranged on the screw guide rail platform (15), an output end of the transmission motor (20) is connected with a transmission screw, and a transmission nut matched with the transmission screw for transmission is arranged at the bottom of the rotary workbench (1).
6. A powder spreading and forming method based on the additive manufacturing device of claim 1, comprising the following steps:
step 1), firstly preparing a dynamic powder cylinder model of a part to be formed: the two side walls of the cavity in the dynamic powder cylinder model are respectively a first side wall and a second side wall, the first side wall and the second side wall are finally closed in the horizontal direction to form the section outline of the dynamic powder cylinder, and the first side wall and the second side wall of the dynamic powder cylinder model and a substrate serving as the bottom surface form a forming area of a part to be formed; on the same horizontal section, a cavity pattern is formed in the inner cavity of the dynamic powder cylinder model, a part pattern is formed on a part to be formed, and the cavity pattern and the part pattern are similar patterns;
determining the cross-sectional shape and the size of a dynamic powder cylinder model according to the shape characteristics of a part to be formed, and then preparing the dynamic powder cylinder model by adopting an additive forming method; in the forming process of the dynamic powder cylinder model, the dynamic powder cylinder model wraps a part to be formed in the dynamic powder cylinder model at any forming height, and the dynamic powder cylinder model is formed to an initial height;
and 2) rotating powder spreading in the dynamic powder cylinder model of the formed part, and carrying out SLM forming treatment on the formed powder spreading part, wherein the powder spreading surface of the part to be formed is always lower than the forming surface of the dynamic powder cylinder model by 5-50mm from the initial height in the forming process.
7. The powder spreading and forming method according to claim 6, wherein inert gas is introduced into the telescopic protective cover to form an inert atmosphere environment in the forming process, and a dynamic powder cylinder model is generated by adopting an additive manufacturing and forming process; the dynamic powder cylinder model is divided and set into a plurality of areas which are sequentially continuous along the section contour track of the dynamic powder cylinder model for local powder spreading and SLM forming.
8. The powder spreading and forming method according to claim 6, wherein in the forming process, in the step 2), a scraper is utilized to spread powder in a dynamic powder cylinder model and a rotary workbench rotates at the same time, and the powder spreading thickness of the powder spreading device is the one-time forming thickness; the powder spreading device performs spiral ascending motion relative to a piece to be formed in the dynamic powder cylinder model; the scraper spreads the powder while the workbench rotates, the lifting platform synchronously makes lifting movement, and the lifting platform lifts the height of a powder spreading layer thickness when the rotary workbench rotates for one circle, and the whole space track of the scraper spreads the powder forms a spiral curve relative to a piece to be formed; the doctor spreads powder along the spiral track, and the laser printing device performs sintering forming on the spread powder area.
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| CN201910702759.7A CN110315079B (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | Additive manufacturing device and forming method |
| PCT/CN2019/107621 WO2021017129A1 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2019-09-25 | Additive fabrication device and forming method |
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