CN112021475A - Bighead carp biological fermentation feed and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Bighead carp biological fermentation feed and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of biological feed, and particularly provides bighead carp biological fermentation feed and a preparation method and application thereof. The bighead carp biological fermentation feed comprises a fermentation base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48-52 parts of corn, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 8-12 parts of fish meal, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 8-12 parts of stone powder, 2-4 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme; the zymocyte liquid is formed by expanding and propagating composite zymocyte including bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000. the feed can remarkably improve the ingestion efficiency of the bighead carps and reduce the residual feed residues in alternate days; the feed conversion rate of the bighead carp can be remarkably improved, and the daily gain of the bighead carp is improved; the feed can effectively replace antibiotics, improve the survival rate of the bighead carps and reduce the morbidity; can purify water, inhibit pathogenic bacteria infection, and is beneficial to healthy culture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological feed, and particularly provides bighead carp biological fermentation feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The bighead carp is large, fat and tender in meat quality, belongs to edible fishes with high protein, low fat and low cholesterol, and is an important economic fish. With the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the demand of bighead carp is also continuously increased, and the yield of the traditional bighead carp breeding method is small and needs to be updated urgently.
Under natural conditions, bighead carps are mainly fed by filter feeding plankton, and the conventional culture method is to culture plankton and then filter and feed the plankton by bighead carps, so that the amount of plankton can limit the yield of bighead carps. The existing traditional bighead carp feed has the problem of low feeding efficiency of bighead carps, on one hand, the feed conversion rate is low, on the other hand, the feed is abused, and the excessive feed can cause water eutrophication and damage water quality. In addition, the existing products or methods for improving the yield and quality of the bighead carps cannot solve the problem that most of nutritional ingredients in the feed are macromolecules; meanwhile, the existing biological feed generally has the problem of easy contamination by mixed bacteria.
Therefore, on the premise of protecting water quality, the feed intake efficiency and the feed conversion rate of the bighead carps are improved, the yield is improved, and the method is an effective way for promoting bighead carp breeding benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a bighead carp biological fermentation feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the bighead carp biological fermentation feed comprises a fermentation base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
48-52 parts of corn, namely corn,
15-25 parts of soybean meal,
8 to 12 parts of fish meal,
10-15 parts of wheat bran,
8-12 parts of stone powder,
2-4 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate,
0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme;
the zymocyte liquid is formed by expanding and propagating composite zymocyte including bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae;
the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000.
preferably, the complex enzyme consists of trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight-volume ratio of 3-8:3-8:1-5: 1-5.
Preferably, the zymogen in the zymogen liquid further comprises streptococcus thermophilus.
The method for preparing the bighead carp biological fermentation feed comprises the steps of crushing fermentation base materials, curing, performing enzymolysis, uniformly mixing the fermentation base materials with zymophyte liquid, performing anaerobic fermentation, and performing aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately until the pH value is 4.2-4.7.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: respectively pulverizing semen Maydis, testa Tritici, and soybean meal, sieving with 60-80 mesh sieve, mixing fish powder, stone powder, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, adding into mixer, and mixing;
step 2: curing the mixture obtained in the step (1), cooling, spraying the compound enzyme on the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the mixture to obtain a fermented material;
and step 3: weighing the composite zymocyte according to the weight ratio, adding water for propagation to obtain zymocyte liquid, spraying the zymocyte liquid on the mixture obtained in the step (2), and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the zymocyte liquid;
and 4, step 4: and (3) pouring the fermentation material obtained in the step (3) into a fermentation tank, and controlling the conditions to ensure that the fermentation material is subjected to anaerobic fermentation firstly and then is subjected to aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately for 100-fold and 120-fold hours to obtain a finished product.
Preferably, the aging in step 2 is to put the mixture into an autoclave, and aging at 121 deg.C under 0.15MPa for 50-60 min.
Preferably, the propagation in step 3 is to mix the composite zymophyte with water in a weight ratio (0.5-1.0): (250-450) mixing; the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material during spraying is (250- & lt 450-): 1000.
preferably, the fermentation of step 4 is achieved by:
piling the fermentation material in the fermentation tank to a height of 15-30cm, covering a film, and standing for 10-14 hours;
and stacking the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank to a height of 70-80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank, turning over the fermentation materials when the temperature of the fermentation materials is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation materials, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2-4.7 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%.
Preferably, the fermentation tank is arranged in a ventilated closed chamber and is formed by separating a partition wall between two opposite walls of the closed chamber.
The invention also protects the application of the bighead carp biological fermentation feed in the bighead carp breeding industry.
Preferably, the application is that the fermented feed is added into common bighead carp feed, and the addition amount of the fermented feed is 15-25% of the weight of the common bighead carp feed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the acid flavor of the product has feeding attraction, the feeding efficiency of the bighead carps can be obviously improved, and the residual feed residues in every other day are reduced;
2. the product of the invention can obviously improve the feed conversion rate of the bighead carp and the daily gain of the bighead carp;
3. the product of the invention can effectively replace antibiotics, improve the survival rate of the bighead carp, reduce the morbidity and reduce the drug residue in meat;
4. the feed is prepared by crushing raw materials, curing, carrying out enzymolysis, inoculating compound strains and fermenting multiple substrates, is rich in various easily digested and absorbed nutrient substances such as small peptides, amino acids and the like, has the content of acid soluble protein of more than 20 percent, and can further improve the disease resistance of the bighead carp;
5. the curing process of the invention can not only prepare for the subsequent fermentation, but also inactivate the mixed bacteria in the raw materials and prevent the pollution of the mixed bacteria; serum lysozyme is added in the enzymolysis process, and lactobacillus acidophilus is selected to continuously acidify the substrate in the fermentation process, so that the mixed bacteria can be effectively inhibited;
6. the product of the invention can purify water, inhibit germ infection and is beneficial to healthy culture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation method of the bighead carp biological fermentation feed.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting thereof.
Example 1
The bighead carp biological fermentation feed of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 50 parts of corn, 20 parts of bean pulp and 12 parts of wheat bran according to the parts by weight, and sieving with a 70-mesh sieve;
2) adding 10 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of stone powder and 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate together with the mixture in the step 1) into a mixer according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the temperature of 121 ℃ and the pressure of 0.15MPa for 50 min;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.2 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 5:5:3: 2;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 0.5: 250, obtaining zymocyte liquid;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 250: 1000, stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to a height of 15 cm, covering the mixture with a film, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 12 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 75cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.5 and the acid soluble protein content is more than or equal to 20%, wherein the time is about 110 hours.
Example 2
The bighead carp biological fermentation feed of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 48 parts of corn, 15 parts of bean pulp and 10 parts of wheat bran according to the parts by weight, and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve;
2) adding 12 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of stone powder and 4 parts of monocalcium phosphate into the mixer according to the weight parts, uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the temperature of 121 ℃ and the pressure of 0.15MPa for 55 min;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.25 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 3:3:5: 5;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 0.7: 330, obtaining zymocyte liquid;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 330: 1000, stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to be 20 cm high, covering the mixture with a film, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 10 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 70cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%, wherein the time is about 100 hours.
Example 3
The bighead carp biological fermentation feed of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 52 parts of corn, 25 parts of soybean meal and 15 parts of wheat bran according to the parts by weight, and sieving by a 60-mesh sieve;
2) adding 8 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of stone powder and 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate together with the mixture in the step 1) into a mixer according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the temperature of 121 ℃ and the pressure of 0.15MPa for 60 min;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.15 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 3:8:1: 5;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 1.0: 450, obtaining zymogen liquid;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 450: 1000, stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to a height of 30cm, covering the mixture with a film, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 14 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.7, the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%, and the time is about 120 hours.
The products of the examples were tested in a bighead carp farm, four bighead carp breeding ponds with similar sizes and positions were randomly selected, the experimental groups were fed with the conventional feed containing 15 wt% of the fermented feed of the example 1, 20 wt% of the example 2 and 25 wt% of the fermented feed of the example 3, the control group was fed with the conventional feed, the feeding times, the feeding amounts and the feeding times of the two groups were the same, and the daily gain, the survival rate, the morbidity rate and the water quality of the bighead carps are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 daily gain, survival and incidence of Aristichthys nobilis
TABLE 2 Water quality conditions
The tests show that the feed can obviously improve the conversion rate of the bighead carp feed, increase the daily gain of the bighead carp, improve the survival rate of the bighead carp and reduce the morbidity. Meanwhile, as the water quality is improved, the frequency of the disinfectant in an experimental group is obviously reduced, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is sufficient, the water quality is stable, the algae phase is rich, the harmful algae are few, and a large amount of gymnodinia appears in the high-temperature period of the control pond, so that the water body can be purified, the bacterial infection is inhibited, and the healthy culture is facilitated.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The bighead carp biological fermentation feed is characterized by comprising a fermentation base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
48-52 parts of corn, namely corn,
15-25 parts of soybean meal,
8 to 12 parts of fish meal,
10-15 parts of wheat bran,
8-12 parts of stone powder,
2-4 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate,
0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme;
the zymocyte liquid is formed by expanding and propagating composite zymocyte including bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae;
the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000.
2. the bighead carp biofermentation feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compound enzyme is composed of trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight-volume ratio of 3-8:3-8:1-5: 1-5.
3. A method for preparing a biologically fermented bighead carp feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the bighead carp biological fermentation feed is prepared by crushing, curing and carrying out enzymolysis on fermentation base materials, then uniformly mixing the fermentation base materials with a zymophyte liquid, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation, aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately until the pH value is 4.2-4.7.
4. The preparation method of bighead carp biofermentation feed according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: respectively pulverizing semen Maydis, testa Tritici, and soybean meal, sieving with 60-80 mesh sieve, mixing fish powder, stone powder, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, adding into mixer, and mixing;
step 2: curing the mixture obtained in the step (1), cooling, spraying the compound enzyme on the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the mixture to obtain a fermented material;
and step 3: weighing the composite zymocyte according to the weight ratio, adding water for propagation to obtain zymocyte liquid, spraying the zymocyte liquid on the mixture obtained in the step (2), and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the zymocyte liquid;
and 4, step 4: and (3) pouring the fermentation material obtained in the step (3) into a fermentation tank, and controlling the conditions to ensure that the fermentation material is subjected to anaerobic fermentation firstly and then is subjected to aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately for 100-fold and 120-fold hours to obtain a finished product.
5. The preparation method of bighead carp biofermentation feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the curing in the step 2 is to put the mixture into an autoclave for curing for 50-60min at the temperature of 121 ℃ and under 0.15 MPa.
6. The preparation method of bighead carp biofermentation feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the expanding propagation in the step 3 is that the composite zymophyte and water are mixed according to the weight ratio (0.5-1.0): (250-450) mixing; the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material during spraying is (250- & lt 450-): 1000.
7. the method for preparing bighead carp biofermented feed according to claim 4, wherein the fermentation in step 4 is realized by the following method:
piling the fermentation material in the fermentation tank to a height of 15-30cm, covering a film, and standing for 10-14 hours;
and stacking the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank to a height of 70-80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank, turning over the fermentation materials when the temperature of the fermentation materials is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation materials, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2-4.7 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%.
8. The preparation method of bighead carp biofermentation feed according to claim 4 or 7, characterized in that: the fermentation tank is arranged in a ventilated closed chamber and is formed by separating a partition wall between two opposite walls of the closed chamber.
9. Use of a bighead carp biofermented feed according to claim 1 or 2 in bighead carp farming.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that: the application is that the fermented feed is added into the common feed for the bighead carp, and the addition amount is 15-25% of the weight of the common feed for the bighead carp.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112401089A (en) * | 2020-12-12 | 2021-02-26 | 佛山播恩生物科技有限公司 | Novel feed capable of improving bighead carp breeding density and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108402308A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-08-17 | 徐州蓝运河农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of feeding complex microorganism additive |
| CN108541807A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-09-18 | 南京宝辉生物饲料有限公司 | A kind of laying hen fermenting feed and preparation method thereof that can improve quality of egg |
| CN109007280A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-18 | 广州海诚生物科技有限公司 | A kind of biofermentation type function bighead feed |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108541807A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-09-18 | 南京宝辉生物饲料有限公司 | A kind of laying hen fermenting feed and preparation method thereof that can improve quality of egg |
| CN108402308A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-08-17 | 徐州蓝运河农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of feeding complex microorganism additive |
| CN109007280A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-18 | 广州海诚生物科技有限公司 | A kind of biofermentation type function bighead feed |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112401089A (en) * | 2020-12-12 | 2021-02-26 | 佛山播恩生物科技有限公司 | Novel feed capable of improving bighead carp breeding density and preparation method thereof |
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