CN111955256B - Tea garden planting management method suitable for whole-course mechanized operation - Google Patents
Tea garden planting management method suitable for whole-course mechanized operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111955256B CN111955256B CN202010788062.9A CN202010788062A CN111955256B CN 111955256 B CN111955256 B CN 111955256B CN 202010788062 A CN202010788062 A CN 202010788062A CN 111955256 B CN111955256 B CN 111955256B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适宜全程机械化作业的茶园种植管理方法，所有第一茶行平行，相邻的第一茶行之间修剪出第一机耕道，相邻的第一机耕道的距离等于茶叶大型作业设备的轮距，所有第一茶行中修剪倾斜的第二机耕道，所有第二机耕道平行，相邻的第二机耕道的距离等于茶叶大型作业设备的轮距。本发明的茶园种植管理方法在第一茶行中设置第二机耕道，使得乘用式茶叶大型作业设备利用第二机耕道即可进行跨行移动，无需通过转场道路到达相邻的第一茶行，这使得转场道路的宽度不再成为应用乘用式茶叶大型作业设备的硬性条件，现有技术的旧茶园经过修剪后即可应用乘用式茶叶大型作业设备提高作业效率。
The invention discloses a tea plantation management method suitable for the whole-process mechanized operation. All the first tea rows are parallel, and a first machine ploughing road is trimmed between the adjacent first tea rows, and the distance between the adjacent first machine plowing roads is equal to the tea leaves. The wheel base of the large-scale operation equipment, the inclined second machine cultivating roads in all the first tea rows, all the second machine-plow roads are parallel, and the distance between the adjacent second machine-plow roads is equal to the wheel base of the tea large-scale operation equipment. In the tea plantation management method of the present invention, a second machine ploughing road is set in the first tea row, so that the large-scale passenger tea operation equipment can move across the line by using the second machine ploughing road, and there is no need to go through the transfer road to reach the adjacent first tea plant. This makes the width of the transition road no longer a rigid condition for the application of large-scale passenger tea plantation equipment. After trimming the old tea gardens in the prior art, the large-scale passenger-type tea plant operation equipment can be used to improve the operation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a tea garden planting management method suitable for whole-process mechanized operation.
Background
In order to improve the efficiency of the tea garden, more and more tea gardens begin to adopt mechanical equipment to manage the tea garden, the mechanical equipment generally comprises various types such as a passenger type, a hand type, a backpack type and a handheld type, wherein the large-scale operation equipment for passenger type tea leaves has the highest working efficiency, and for example, a tea plucking machine provided by a Chinese patent 'stride row self-walking riding type tea plucking machine and a working method thereof' with the application number of 201310057808.9 belongs to the large-scale operation equipment for passenger type tea leaves in the prior art. However, the difficulty in applying large-scale working equipment of passenger tea leaves is: the tea garden must be provided with a wide enough transition road; the prior art passenger tea large-scale operation equipment has to return to a transition road from the original road after completing the operation of tea lines, and then realize two turns in the transition road and enter the next tea line. Because the tea trees in the tea garden belong to important assets of the tea garden, the tea garden which operates for years is difficult to clean a wide enough transition road without damaging the tea trees, so that the old tea garden is difficult to use the most efficient large-scale tea leaf operation equipment after being transformed. In addition, obstacles (frost prevention fans, utility poles, etc.) existing in tea rows and water pipes for irrigation arranged in tea gardens are also liable to conflict with large-scale passenger tea-leaf working equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the tea garden in the prior art is difficult to apply to large-scale operation equipment of riding type tea due to the problems of transition roads, barriers, water pipes and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a tea garden planting management method suitable for whole-process mechanized operation is characterized in that all first tea rows are parallel, first mechanical plowing paths are trimmed between adjacent first tea rows, the distance between the adjacent first mechanical plowing paths is equal to the wheel pitch of large tea operation equipment, inclined second mechanical plowing paths are trimmed in all the first tea rows, all the second mechanical plowing paths are parallel, and the distance between the adjacent second mechanical plowing paths is equal to the wheel pitch of the large tea operation equipment.
The passenger tea large-scale operation equipment utilizes the first mechanical cultivation way to carry out normal operation, and carries out operations such as tea picking, pruning and the like on the first tea row; the second tractor plowing road is used for moving across rows, and the adjacent first tea row can be reached without passing through a transition road;
generally, the head end of the first tea line builds a transition road perpendicular to the first tea line; because the direct operation part of the large-scale passenger tea leaf operation equipment is often positioned at a certain position in the middle of the whole equipment, the transition road exists so that the operation part can reach the tea trees at the extreme end of the first tea row; however, the existence of the transition road is not a hard requirement, and if the transition road is too narrow (even no transition road exists) due to the terrain of a tea garden and the like, the large-scale riding type tea leaf operation equipment can still be normally used, but one tea tree at the head end of the first tea line cannot be processed by the operation equipment, and needs to be manually and independently processed in the later period; therefore, the planting management method can be applied to the reconstruction of all old tea gardens, and is convenient for farmers to use large-scale passenger tea operation equipment to improve the efficiency of the tea gardens.
Further, the included angle between the second tractor plowing channel and the first tractor plowing channel is 45 degrees.
Further, if the end of the first tea row is provided with a second tea row perpendicular to the first tea row, a third mechanical tillage way corresponding to the first mechanical tillage way is arranged in the second tea row, and the third mechanical tillage way is collinear with the first mechanical tillage way; due to the reasons of topography and the like, the directions of tea rows in part of old tea gardens are not uniform, and when the management method of the method is applied to the tea garden with the existing transverse and vertical tea rows, a third mechanical plough channel is arranged in a second vertical tea row (relative to a first tea row) so that an operation part of large passenger tea leaf operation equipment can touch a tea tree at the tail end of the first tea row.
Further, if there is an obstacle in the first tea row, a second tractor-ploughing path is trimmed in front of and/or behind the obstacle, and the second tractor-ploughing path is used for riding tea large-scale operation equipment to cross the obstacle.
Specifically, the distance between adjacent first tea rows is 150cm, the width of a tea tree is 120cm, the widths of the first mechanical cultivation channel, the second mechanical cultivation channel and the third mechanical cultivation channel are 30cm, and the length of the third mechanical cultivation channel is 40 cm.
Further, the water pipe setting that will be used for irrigating is in the middle of the tea row, and the water pipe is interrupted in second machine cultivation way department, and anterior segment water pipe and back end water pipe independent connection water source can satisfy tea tree irrigation demand and do not influence the large-scale operation equipment of passenger formula tealeaves and advance between the tea row.
Has the advantages that: (1) according to the tea garden planting management method, the second machine plowing channels are arranged in the first tea rows, the distance between every two adjacent machine plowing channels is equal to the wheel pitch of the large tea leaf operating equipment, so that the large riding type tea leaf operating equipment can move across the rows by utilizing the second machine plowing channels without reaching the adjacent first tea rows through a transition road, the width of the transition road is not a rigid condition for applying the large riding type tea leaf operating equipment, and the old tea garden in the prior art can be applied to the large riding type tea leaf operating equipment after being trimmed, so that the operating efficiency is improved. (2) According to the tea garden planting management method, the third tractor-ploughing channel with the appropriate length is arranged in the second tea row, so that the operation parts of large-scale passenger tea operation equipment can conveniently touch the tea trees at the tail end of the first tea row, and operation blind areas are avoided. (3) According to the tea garden planting management method, the second tractor-ploughing path is cut in front of and/or behind the obstacle of the first tea row, so that large-scale riding type tea leaf operation equipment can conveniently bypass the obstacle. (4) According to the tea garden planting management method, the water pipe is arranged in the middle of the tea row and is interrupted at the second machine plowing channel, so that the requirement of tea tree irrigation can be met, and the running of large-scale riding type tea leaf operation equipment among the tea rows is not influenced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a tea garden in the tea garden planting management method of example 1.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first tea line of example 1.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a large-sized passenger tea processing facility used in example 1.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of a tea garden in the tea garden planting management method of example 2.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of a tea garden in the tea garden planting management method of example 3.
Wherein: 100. a first tea row; 200. a transition road; 300. a second tea line; 400. a first tractor-ploughing channel; 500. a second tractor-ploughing channel; 600. a third tractor plowing channel; 700. tea large-scale operation equipment; 710. a working member; 800. a water pipe; 900. a frost prevention fan; 1000. and (4) a pump house.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, in the tea garden planting management method of the present embodiment, the tea garden is designed such that all the first tea rows 100 are parallel, the longitudinal transition road 200 is designed at the head end of the first tea row 100, and the longitudinal second tea row 300 is designed at the tail end of the first tea row 100; first tractor-ploughs 400 are pruned between adjacent first tea rows 100, the distance between the adjacent first tractor-ploughs 400 is equal to the wheel pitch of the large tea leaf operation equipment 700, inclined second tractor-ploughs 500 are pruned in all the first tea rows 100, all the second tractor-ploughs 500 are parallel, and the distance between the adjacent second tractor-ploughs 500 is equal to the wheel pitch of the large tea leaf operation equipment 700; the included angle between the second tractor plowing channel 500 and the first tractor plowing channel 400 is 45 degrees; a third tractor-ploughing channel 600 corresponding to the first tractor-ploughing channel 400 is arranged in the second tea row 300, and the third tractor-ploughing channel 600 is collinear with the first tractor-ploughing channel 400; the length of the third tractor shed 600 is 40 cm.
In the riding tea leaf large-scale working equipment 700 applied to the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the track width of the riding tea leaf large-scale working equipment 700 is 150cm, and working components 710 of the riding tea leaf large-scale working equipment 700 are shown in a black dashed line frame.
The first tea rows 100 are pruned according to fig. 2, the distance between adjacent first tea rows 100 is 150cm, the width of the tea tree is 120cm, and the widths of the first mechanical tillage way 400, the second mechanical tillage way 500 and the third mechanical tillage way 600 are 30 cm; a water pipe 800 for irrigating is located in the middle of the tea tree and 10cm away from the ground, the water pipe 800 is interrupted at the second tractor plowing channel 500, and the front-section water pipe and the rear-section water pipe are independently connected with a water source.
As shown in fig. 1, the basic working path of the riding type tea leaf large-scale operation equipment 700 in the tea garden is as follows:
(1) the large riding tea leaf working equipment 700 travels from left to right from the first tea row 100 at the lowest position shown in fig. 1 until reaching the end of the third tractor-ploughing channel 600 of the second tea row 300, and at this time, the working part 710 of the large riding tea leaf working equipment 700 can just process the tea trees at the rightmost end of the first tea row 100;
(2) the riding tea large scale working equipment 700 strides across the first tea row 100 of the second last row in fig. 1 using the second tractor plowing path 500, and then backs up to the leftmost end of the first tea row 100 to start working until reaching the end of the third tractor plowing path 600;
(3) the large-scale passenger tea leaf operation equipment 700 repeats the steps until the operation is finished.
It can be seen that: in the tea garden of the present embodiment, the riding-type large-scale tea leaf working equipment 700 can move across rows by using the second tractor-ploughing channel 500 without reaching the adjacent first tea row 100 through the transition road 200; the transition road 200 is present so that the working element 710 can access the leftmost tea plant of the first tea row 100; however, the existence of the transition road 200 is not a hard requirement, and if the transition road 200 is too narrow (even the transition road 200 is not available) due to the terrain of the tea garden and the like, the large riding type tea leaf operating equipment 700 can still be normally used, but only one tea tree at the head end of the first tea row 100 cannot be processed by the operating equipment 700, and needs to be manually and separately processed in the later period.
The first mechanical cultivation way 400, the second mechanical cultivation way 500 and the third mechanical cultivation way 600 involved in the tea garden planting management method of the embodiment can be formed by pruning tea trees, no rigid requirements are required for the width of the transition road 200, the existing tea trees do not need to be pulled out or moved in the tea garden management, the tea garden management method is quite suitable for reforming the old tea garden, and the tea garden management method can not only facilitate the use of the large-scale riding type tea operation equipment 700 for improving the production efficiency, but also can not cause economic loss to the tea garden.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a method for handling obstacles at corners in tea garden management is shown, a part of the uppermost first tea row 100 in fig. 4 is occupied by the anti-frost fan 900 and the pump room 1000, and in this embodiment, the second tractor-ploughing path 500 is cut in front of the anti-frost fan 900 so that the riding type large tea leaf working equipment 700 straddles to the adjacent first tea row 100.
Example 3
In this embodiment, a method for processing an obstacle in the middle of a tea row in tea garden management is shown, in fig. 5, the middle of the first tea row 100 is occupied by the frost prevention fan 900, and in this embodiment, the second tractor-ploughing channels 500 are cut in front of and behind the frost prevention fan 900, so that the passenger tea leaf large-scale operation equipment 700 can bypass the frost prevention fan 900 after two row strides.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in the specification, these embodiments are merely provided as a hint, and should not limit the scope of the present invention. Various omissions, substitutions, and changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A tea garden planting management method suitable for whole-process mechanized operation is characterized in that: all the first tea rows are parallel, first mechanical plowing paths are cut between the adjacent first tea rows, the distance between the adjacent first mechanical plowing paths is equal to the wheel pitch of the large tea leaf operating equipment, inclined second mechanical plowing paths are cut in all the first tea rows, all the second mechanical plowing paths are parallel, and the distance between the adjacent second mechanical plowing paths is equal to the wheel pitch of the large tea leaf operating equipment; the large tea leaf operation equipment moves across rows by utilizing the second machine plowing way, and can reach the adjacent first tea row without passing through a transition road.
2. The tea garden planting management method suitable for whole-process mechanized operation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the included angle between the second tractor plowing channel and the first tractor plowing channel is 45 degrees.
3. The tea garden planting management method suitable for whole-process mechanized operation according to claim 2, characterized in that: if the end of the first tea row has a second tea row perpendicular to the first tea row, a third tractor plowing channel corresponding to the first tractor plowing channel is arranged in the second tea row, and the third tractor plowing channel is collinear with the first tractor plowing channel.
4. The tea garden planting management method suitable for whole-process mechanized operation according to claim 2, characterized in that: if there is an obstacle in the first row of tea, a second tractor shed is trimmed in front of and/or behind the obstacle.
5. The tea garden planting management method suitable for whole-process mechanized operations according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising: the adjacent first tea row distance is 150cm, the width of a tea tree is 120cm, and the widths of the first mechanical cultivation channel, the second mechanical cultivation channel and the third mechanical cultivation channel are 30 cm.
6. The tea garden planting management method suitable for whole-process mechanized operation according to claim 5, characterized in that: the length of the third tractor-ploughing channel is 40 cm.
7. The tea garden planting management method suitable for whole-process mechanized operation according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the water pipe setting that will be used for the irrigation is in the middle of the tea row, and the water pipe is interrupted in second machine cultivation way department, and anterior segment water pipe and back end water pipe independently connect the water source.
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