CN108496718B - Strip-by-strip cultivation mode for cultivated land and cultivation method for increasing yield and income of cultivated land - Google Patents
Strip-by-strip cultivation mode for cultivated land and cultivation method for increasing yield and income of cultivated land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a strip-by-strip cultivation mode for cultivated land and a cultivation method for increasing the yield and income of the cultivated land, wherein the mode is a staggered arrangement mode for dividing the cultivated land into wide cultivation strips and narrow cultivation strips; the narrow farming zone is used for continuously planting three crops of corn, and the corn planting behaviors are 3-4 rows; the wide farming belt normally plants other crops except the corn according to seasons; the width of the wide farming belt is three times of that of the narrow farming belt, and the wide farming belt can accommodate the one-time harvesting of the combine harvester. The method comprises the steps of after the third crop of corn in the narrow farming zone and the coarse cereals or vegetables in the wide farming zone are harvested in sequence, re-dividing the wide farming zone and the narrow farming zone. The invention provides a brand-new agricultural planting mode, which not only ensures the increase of the yield of staple food grains and greatly improves the income of farmers, optimizes the planting structure of the staple food grains, coarse cereals and silage to a certain extent, but also can make the land fallow once every four years.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a strip-by-strip cultivation mode for a farmland and a planting method for increasing the yield and income of the farmland.
Background
Wheat and corn are used as main grains for people's life in China, the planting status is not shocked, and under the condition that the land is not increased, how to improve the yield of the main grains is always an important subject of agricultural research. With the development of society and the change of living habits of people, the planting industry of China faces many contradictions, and mainly has the following aspects:
firstly, perennial crop rotation is carried out in the main grain production area of the plain in China, the land is used continuously every day, and the hardening condition of the land is increasingly intensified due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, so that most of the land needs to be fallowed, however, the grain yield can be reduced due to the fallowed land, the benefits of farmers are threatened, government subsidies and farmer fallowed modes are adopted in some areas, but the implementation difficulty is high, and the farmers cannot really fallowed even if the subsidies are adopted, so that an effective and feasible land fallowed scheme is sought to be the problem which needs to be solved urgently;
the crop yield can be obviously improved by utilizing the edge row advantages, and although some planting modes for interplanting by utilizing the edge row advantages exist at present, the feasibility is poor, the mechanized planting is difficult to realize, the implementation operation is complex, and the crop yield is not easily accepted by farmers;
third, with the improvement of living standard of people, the demand of people for meat, eggs and milk is increased year by year, so that the breeding industry is rapidly developed, the feed consumption is continuously increased, particularly in the season that the forage grass is green yellow and is not suitable for supply, and in some areas, part of farmers directly change the corn production into the silage corn production in order to ensure the supply of the forage grass, so that the total corn yield is reduced, and certain threat is brought to the grain safety;
with the continuous enhancement of the concept of healthy diet of people, coarse cereals are more and more popular with people, staple food grains are partially replaced in diet, however, the planting structure of the staple food grains-coarse cereals in China is unreasonable, the planting structure of the minor cereals is disconnected from the diet concept which is continuously changed by people to a certain extent, and the planting structure of the minor cereals is not separated from the actual situations of large difference in poverty, large population and limited cultivated land in China, so that the planting structure of the staple food grains-coarse cereals is further optimized on the premise of ensuring the yield of the staple food grains.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a strip-by-strip cultivation mode for cultivating land, so as to solve the problems that the land needs to be fallowed and the planting structure of staple food grains, coarse cereals and silage is unreasonable in the existing agricultural planting on the premise of improving the yield of the staple food grains.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a planting method for increasing the yield and income of cultivated land.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a strip-divided farming mode for farming land divides the farming land into a staggered arrangement mode of wide farming strips and narrow farming strips; the narrow farming zone is used for continuous planting of corns, and the corn planting behaviors are 3-4 rows; the wide farming belt normally plants other crops except the corn according to seasons; the width of the wide farming belt is three times of that of the narrow farming belt, and the wide farming belt can accommodate the one-time harvesting of the combine harvester.
The corn continuous planting mode in the narrow farming zone is to plant three crops of corn every year, wherein the first crop of corn and the second crop of corn are respectively grown in advance by adopting a greenhouse, the seedling period is 25-32 days, then the grown seedlings are transplanted to the narrow farming zone in the corresponding planting period, and the mature corn is harvested after the corn is planted to be mature; after the first corn is harvested and ploughed, transplanting the corn seedlings planted and cultivated for the second corn in the narrow cultivation belt, after the second corn is harvested and ploughed, planting the third corn in the narrow cultivation belt in a sowing mode, harvesting the third corn after the third corn grows into silage corn, then ploughing the narrow cultivation belt, and repeating the planting process of the third corn in the next year planting period.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a planting method for increasing the yield and income of cultivated land comprises the following steps:
a. carrying out zonal cultivation on cultivated land: dividing the farmland into a staggered arrangement mode of wide tillage belts and narrow tillage belts; the narrow farming zone is used for continuous planting of corns, and the corn planting behaviors are 3-4 rows; the wide farming belt normally plants other crops except the corn according to seasons; the width of the wide farming belt is three times of that of the narrow farming belt, and the wide farming belt can accommodate the combine harvester to harvest once;
b. corn continuous cropping is carried out in a narrow cultivation zone: planting three crops of corns every year, wherein the first crop of corns and the second crop of corns are respectively grown in advance by adopting a greenhouse, the seedling period is 25-32 days, then the grown seedlings are transplanted to a narrow cultivation belt in the corresponding planting period, and the mature corns are harvested after the corns are planted to be mature; after harvesting and turning over the first corn stubble, transplanting the corn seedlings planted and cultivated for the second stubble in the narrow cultivation belt, after harvesting and turning over the second corn stubble, planting the third corn stubble in the narrow cultivation belt in a sowing mode, harvesting the third corn stubble after the third corn stubble grows into silage corn, then turning over the narrow cultivation belt, and repeating the planting process of the third corn stubble in the next year planting period;
c. carrying out crop rotation of wheat and coarse cereals or vegetables in a wide cultivation belt: wheat is planted in the wide farming zone, wheat is harvested and ploughed, coarse cereals or vegetables are planted in the wide farming zone, the coarse cereals or the vegetables are harvested and ploughed, and then the planting process is repeated in the wide farming zone.
d. And (3) repartitioning of wide and narrow farming strips: after the third crop of corn in the narrow farming zone and the coarse cereals or vegetables in the wide farming zone are harvested successively, a new narrow farming zone is divided at a position adjacent to the original narrow farming zone on the wide farming zone, the rest of the wide farming zone and the original narrow farming zone are divided into a new wide farming zone, and the rest of the wide farming zone and the original narrow farming zone are analogized in the same way on the whole farming land, so that a staggered arrangement mode of the new wide farming zone and the narrow farming zone is formed, and the wide and narrow farming zone is divided again.
The specific planting process of the three crops of corn is as follows:
a. the first crop of corn: greenhouse seedling culture is carried out at 1-8 days in 2 months, the seedling culture period is 1 month, 3-10 days in 3 months, the first crop of corn seedlings are transplanted into a narrow cultivation zone, and the first crop of mature corn is harvested at 13-20 days in 5 months;
b. second crop of corn: greenhouse seedling culture is carried out from 12 days to 20 days in 4 months, the seedling culture period is 1 month, from 13 days to 20 days in 5 months, after the first corn is harvested, the second corn seedling is transplanted to a narrow cultivation belt, and the second mature corn is harvested from 25 days to 1 day in 7 months and 8 months;
c. and (3) corn of the third crop: sowing the seeds after the second crop of corn is harvested in 25-8-1 months in 7 months, and harvesting the silage corn according to the silage requirement in 4-18 months in 10 months.
The greenhouse seedling culture is carried out in a greenhouse or in a seedling culture center.
The technical requirements of greenhouse seedling culture are that corn seedlings are strong and not vigorous, and the seedling height of the corn seedlings during transplanting is not higher than 30 cm.
When the first crop of corn and the second crop of corn are planted, the row spacing between two side rows and the adjacent wide farming belts is 40cm, the row spacing between the middle row and the side rows is 35cm, the row spacing of corn seedlings is 15cm, and the number of seedlings in each half mu of narrow farming belts is 3900-4000.
And (4) closely planting the third crop of corns, wherein the seedling emergence number of the third crop of corns in each half mu of narrow tillage strip is controlled to be 7900-8100.
The farming date refers to the farming date in the yellow river basin and the north China.
The invention provides a brand-new farmland width and breadth zoning mode, breaks through the inherent planting thought of the traditional mode, and develops a new more scientific farmland division thought. The belt-by-belt cultivation mode of the farmland can fully utilize the edge row advantage to plant the corn, is suitable for mechanized planting, has good feasibility and is easily accepted by farmers.
The invention provides a brand-new agricultural planting method, develops a new planting idea, and creates conditions for more scientific and healthier development of the whole agricultural planting. The invention fully utilizes the edge-row advantages of crops, and combines a greenhouse seedling raising mode to greatly improve the corn yield, thereby not only ensuring the increase of the yield of staple food grains and the great improvement of the income of farmers, optimizing the structure of the staple food grains, coarse cereals and silage to a certain extent, but also enabling one quarter of cultivated land to be fallowed for 3-4 months every year, and enabling the whole cultivated land to be fallowed once in turn every four years. On the basis of scientific land fallow, the grain yield can be greatly improved, the virtuous cycle of land use-fallow is realized, and the planting method can convert the land into vigorous green fertile soil and enable agricultural planting to generate qualitative leap.
In addition, three quarters of the land in the planting method of the invention can normally plant wheat according to the original mode, the existing sowing and harvesting equipment can be adopted in the wide farming zone, the small harvesting equipment can be adopted in the narrow farming zone, the mechanical automation degree is high, and the management is convenient. The greenhouse seedling culture can be carried out by farmers in the greenhouse according to actual conditions, and can also be managed uniformly by national uniform construction seedling culture centers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the wide and narrow width banded mode of the present invention. In the figure, A represents the width of a wide tillage belt; b represents the width of the narrow tilling belt; c represents the row spacing between the side row corn seedlings in the narrow farming zone and the adjacent wide farming zone; d, representing the row spacing between the middle row corn seedlings and the side row corn seedlings in the narrow farming zone; e represents the plant spacing of the maize seedlings.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, wherein the present invention uses the staple grain cultivated land of the ligusticum city area of shijiazhuang city, north Hei province as a test field, uses every 2 mu land (6 m wide and 200m long) as a test group, and sets several repetitions, and simultaneously selects 2 mu cultivated land of normal cultivation as a control group, and sets several repetitions.
Dividing 2 mu of test group farmland into wide farming belts and narrow farming belts, wherein the wide farming belts are 1.5 mu (width 4.5m) and the narrow farming belts are 0.5 mu (width 1.5m), and the specific distribution is shown in figure 1. After the corn is harvested in 10 months, 7 days to 9 days (cold dew season), normally planting wheat in the wide tillage zone of the control group and the test group, leaving the narrow tillage zone empty, and waiting for continuously planting three crops of corn in the narrow tillage zone in the next year. After wheat in the wide farming zone is harvested, proper coarse cereals or autumn vegetables are planted, the coarse cereals can be soybeans, millet, buckwheat and the like, the vegetables can be Chinese cabbages, radishes, green Chinese onions and the like, and the harvesting period of the coarse cereals and the vegetables is from autumn to cold dew time (specifically determined according to the types and the varieties of the coarse cereals and the vegetables).
The specific planting method of the three crops of corn comprises the following steps:
the first crop of corn:
firstly, building a greenhouse, selecting a medium-early-maturing or medium-maturing corn variety, and cultivating corn seedlings in the greenhouse in 3-4 days (spring seasons) 2 months, wherein the seedling cultivation period is one month, the temperature is controlled to be not lower than 15 ℃ during seedling cultivation, appropriate water and fertilizer management is carried out as required, the seedlings are strong and not vigorous, later-stage transplanting is facilitated, and the height of the seedlings is not higher than 30cm during transplanting.
And secondly, transplanting the corn seedlings into the narrow tillage belts within 3 months, 5 days to 6 days (at the time of frightening season), planting the corn seedlings into three rows, wherein the row spacing between two side rows and the adjacent wide tillage belts is 40cm, the row spacing between the middle row and the side rows is 35cm, the plant spacing of the corn seedlings is 15cm, the three rows of corn seedlings can be oppositely arranged or staggered (the gaps between the corn seedlings in the middle row and the side rows are transversely corresponding) during planting, and the number of the planted seedlings in the narrow tillage belts of 0.5 mu is 3960.
And thirdly, the height of the just planted corn seedling is about 30cm, the wheat is in the green turning stage at the moment, the plant height is about 5cm, and the growth of the corn seedling is not influenced. And in the grain rain season, the maize enters the ripening period, the plant height is about 1.8m, and the wheat enters the booting period at the moment, and the plant height is about 40 cm. In the early summer season, the height of the corn reaches the harvest stage and is 1.8m higher, and the height of the wheat is about 60cm when the wheat enters the flowering stage. The first crop of mature corn is harvested by a small-sized harvester within 15-16 days of 5 months (10 days after the beginning of summer), and the growing period of the first crop of corn is about 100 days in total.
Second crop of corn:
firstly, the seedlings are grown in a greenhouse from 14 days to 16 days (10 days after clarification) in 4 months, the corn varieties and the seedling growing requirements are the same as those of the first batch of corn, the weather is already warmed up, and the cultivation temperature can be ensured without heating equipment basically as long as the heat is preserved at night.
And secondly, transplanting second corn seedlings into the narrow tillage zone on the day after the first corn is harvested in 15-16 days (10 days after the first summer), wherein the transplanting requirement is that the number of seedlings planted in the narrow tillage zone of 0.5 mu is 3960 as compared with the first corn.
And thirdly, the height of the just planted corn seedling is about 30cm, and the height of the wheat plant is about 60cm, so that the growth of the corn seedling is not affected basically. In the period of awn seed, wheat is harvested (mechanically harvested), soybeans are sown in a wide farming zone, the height of a corn plant is 60cm, and corn is normally sown in a control group farming land. In the sunstroke period, the soybeans are in the prophase of flowering, the plant height is about 65cm, and the corn enters the ripening period, and the plant height is about 1.8 m. And harvesting the second crop of mature corns by using a small-sized harvester within 27-28 days (5 days after the sunstroke) in 7 months, wherein the growing period of the second crop of corns is about 100 days in total.
And (3) corn of the third crop:
and sowing and close planting are carried out on the day after the second crop of corn is harvested, namely 7 months, 27 days to 28 days (5 days after sunstroke), and when the seeds are sowed, the soybeans are in the late flowering phase and the plant height is about 65 cm.
And secondly, during the summer season, the soybeans are in the bean forming period, the plant height is about 65cm, the plant height of the corn is about 80cm, and the seedling number in a narrow farming zone of 0.5 mu is about 8000. After autumn harvest, soybeans are harvested, and the corn is heading at the moment, and the plant height is about 1.8 cm. And harvesting the silage corns in 10 months and 4 days-18 days (before and after the cold dew season) according to the silage requirement, wherein the growing period of the third crop of corns is 70-85 days in total. This example used a small harvester to harvest the silage corn with ears from 16 to 18 months (9 days after exposure to cold).
And performing conventional water and fertilizer management on the three crops of corn according to the requirements of harvest varieties. As the edge row advantages are fully utilized, the average length of the mature corn ears of the first and second corn plants can reach 18cm, and the average yield of corn kernels per plant can reach 220g, which is obviously higher than that of a control group. In addition, because the planting area of the narrow farming zone occupies one fourth of the farming area, the corn harvesting is timely and fast, and the first crop and the second crop of corn are harvested, and the positive forage grass is lacked, so that the corn straw is convenient to buy as forage grass before the corn straw is aged, and the income of farmers is further increased. The wheat yield per mu in the wide farming zone has no obvious difference with that of a control group, and can reach 1000 jin/mu. The average yields of the test and control groups are listed in table 1 and the gains are calculated according to market prices, as shown in table 1.
Table 1:
as can be seen from the table 1, the total yield of staple food grains (wheat and mature corn) by adopting the planting method is 4982 jin, which is obviously higher than that of the staple food grains by adopting the traditional method, the income per mu is increased by 2183.9 yuan, and the yield is improved by 101.6% compared with that of the traditional mode. After the third crop of corn is harvested, the wide farming belts and the narrow farming belts are re-plowed, then the newly-plowed narrow farming belts are subjected to tillage maintenance, the tillage period is 3-4 months (slightly different according to the actual planting harvest period), the wheat is normally planted in the rest farming lands, the maintenance can be performed according to related operations during the tillage period of the land, the land can be ploughed once every four years, the agricultural planting is more scientifically and healthily developed, and a foundation is laid for the subsequent yield improvement.
Claims (6)
1. A planting method for increasing the yield and income of cultivated land is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. carrying out zonal cultivation on cultivated land: dividing the farmland into a staggered arrangement mode of wide tillage belts and narrow tillage belts; the narrow farming zone is used for continuous planting of corns, and the corn planting behaviors are 3-4 rows; the wide farming belt normally plants other crops except the corn according to seasons; the width of the wide farming belt is three times of that of the narrow farming belt, and the wide farming belt can accommodate the combine harvester to harvest once;
b. corn continuous cropping is carried out in a narrow cultivation zone: planting three crops of corns every year, wherein the first crop of corns and the second crop of corns are respectively grown in advance by adopting a greenhouse, the seedling period is 25-32 days, then the grown seedlings are transplanted to a narrow cultivation belt in the corresponding planting period, and the mature corns are harvested after the corns are planted to be mature; after harvesting and turning over the first corn stubble, transplanting the corn seedlings planted and cultivated for the second stubble in the narrow cultivation belt, after harvesting and turning over the second corn stubble, planting the third corn stubble in the narrow cultivation belt in a sowing mode, harvesting the third corn stubble after the third corn stubble grows into silage corn, then turning over the narrow cultivation belt, and repeating the planting process of the third corn stubble in the next year planting period;
c. carrying out crop rotation of wheat and coarse cereals or vegetables in a wide cultivation belt: planting wheat in the wide farming belt, harvesting and turning over the wheat, planting coarse cereals or vegetables in the wide farming belt, harvesting and turning over the coarse cereals or vegetables, and repeating the planting process in the wide farming belt;
d. and (3) repartitioning of wide and narrow farming strips: after the third crop of corn in the narrow farming zone and the coarse cereals or vegetables in the wide farming zone are harvested successively, a new narrow farming zone is divided at a position adjacent to the original narrow farming zone on the wide farming zone, the rest part of the wide farming zone and the original narrow farming zone are divided into a new wide farming zone, the rest wide farming zone and the original narrow farming zone are divided by analogy on the whole farming land, a new staggered arrangement mode of the wide farming zone and the narrow farming zone is formed, the wide farming zone and the narrow farming zone are divided again, and therefore the whole farming land can be ploughed once in turn every four years.
2. The cultivation method for increasing the yield and income of the farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific cultivation process of three crops of corn is as follows:
a. the first crop of corn: greenhouse seedling culture is carried out at 1-8 days in 2 months, the seedling culture period is 1 month, 3-10 days in 3 months, the first crop of corn seedlings are transplanted into a narrow cultivation zone, and the first crop of mature corn is harvested at 13-20 days in 5 months;
b. second crop of corn: greenhouse seedling culture is carried out from 12 days to 20 days in 4 months, the seedling culture period is 1 month, from 13 days to 20 days in 5 months, after the first corn is harvested, the second corn seedling is transplanted to a narrow cultivation belt, and the second mature corn is harvested from 25 days to 1 day in 7 months and 8 months;
c. and (3) corn of the third crop: sowing the seeds after the second crop of corn is harvested in 25-8-1 months in 7 months, and harvesting the silage corn according to the silage requirement in 4-18 months in 10 months.
3. The cultivation method for increasing the yield and income of the arable land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the greenhouse seedling raising is carried out in a greenhouse or in a seedling raising center.
4. The cultivation method for increasing the yield and income of the arable land according to claim 1, wherein the technical requirements of greenhouse seedling are that the corn seedlings are strong and not vigorous, and the height of the corn seedlings is not higher than 30cm when the corn seedlings are transplanted.
5. The method for increasing the yield and income of the farmland as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that when planting the first crop of corn and the second crop of corn, the row spacing between two side rows and the adjacent wide farming belts is 40cm, the row spacing between the middle row and the side rows is 35cm, the row spacing of the corn seedlings is 15cm, and the number of seedlings in each half mu of the narrow farming belts is 3900 to 4000.
6. The cultivation method for increasing the yield and income of the farmland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third crop of corn is densely planted, and the number of seedlings of the third crop of corn in each half mu of narrow tillage zone is controlled to be 7900-8100.
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| CN111955256B (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2022-03-25 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Tea garden planting management method suitable for whole-course mechanized operation |
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