CN111306405B - A one-time active thermal insulation component based on chemical heat source - Google Patents
A one-time active thermal insulation component based on chemical heat source Download PDFInfo
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- CN111306405B CN111306405B CN202010111730.4A CN202010111730A CN111306405B CN 111306405 B CN111306405 B CN 111306405B CN 202010111730 A CN202010111730 A CN 202010111730A CN 111306405 B CN111306405 B CN 111306405B
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003657 tungsten Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-alpha-eicosene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于化学热源的一次性主动保温组件，属于航天热控技术领域。包括壳体，所述壳体内填充有相变蓄热基体，所述相变蓄热基体内分散有多个化学热单元，所述化学热单元固定在壳体内，且每个化学热单元分别通过辅助导线与被保温的部件电性连接。本发明采用化学反应产热结合相变蓄热的总体思路，通过引入具有较高能量的化学反应热源，使得主动保温组件的比能量超过了1800kJ/kg，实现了主动保温组件的高效率与轻量化。
The invention discloses a disposable active thermal insulation component based on a chemical heat source, which belongs to the technical field of aerospace thermal control. It includes a shell, the shell is filled with a phase-change heat storage matrix, a plurality of chemical heat units are dispersed in the phase-change heat storage matrix, the chemical heat units are fixed in the shell, and each chemical heat unit passes through The auxiliary wire is electrically connected to the insulated component. The invention adopts the general idea of chemical reaction heat generation combined with phase change heat storage, and by introducing a chemical reaction heat source with high energy, the specific energy of the active thermal insulation component exceeds 1800kJ/kg, and the high efficiency and light weight of the active thermal insulation component are realized. quantify.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aerospace thermal control, in particular to a disposable active thermal insulation component which provides high energy density under the conditions of no solar radiation and extremely low temperature; more particularly, relates to a disposable active heat preservation component based on a chemical heat source.
Background
In deep space exploration processes such as lunar exploration, asteroid exploration and planetary exploration, a long-time extremely-low-temperature environment is one of important challenges that detection equipment must face. Taking the moon as an example, the temperature of the nights (14 earth days in length) near the equator and the shadow areas where the sun cannot shine is-160 ℃ to-180 ℃, and the temperature of the polar permanent shadow areas is even lower than-200 ℃. Under similar extreme temperature environment, need use heat preservation device, guarantee that the electrical communication control part of detection equipment is in required temperature range. Aerospace insulation devices typically consist of passive insulation components and active insulation components, where the active insulation components are the main sources of heat.
The energy sources of the common active thermal insulation component are electric energy of a photovoltaic cell, heat energy of isotope decay, phase change thermal storage and electric energy of a chemical battery. The photovoltaic cell needs solar radiation and is not suitable for the background scene where the invention is suitable; the heat energy of isotope decay has the advantages of light weight, high capacity, expensive price and limited yield, and is not suitable for large-area application; the energy stored by the phase change heat storage is limited, and the phase change latent heat of the phase change material with the phase change temperature near the normal temperature is between 125 and 265 kJ/kg; the chemical battery can store more energy, however, even if the high specific energy primary battery module of 250wh/kg is used for estimation, the unit weight can provide only 900kJ/kg of heat energy, and the discharge performance of the chemical battery has larger attenuation under the low temperature condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a disposable active heat-preservation assembly based on a chemical heat source, which is applied to an environment without solar radiation and at extremely low temperature, is used for ensuring that an electrical communication control part of detection equipment is within a required temperature range, solves the bottleneck of insufficient specific energy under the prior art, and has the advantages of light weight, high efficiency and low cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a disposable initiative heat preservation subassembly based on chemical heat source, includes the casing, the casing intussuseption is filled with the phase transition heat accumulation base member, it has a plurality of chemical heat units to disperse in the phase transition heat accumulation base member, chemical heat unit fixes in the casing, and every chemical heat unit respectively through auxiliary wire with by heat retaining part electric connection.
The invention adopts the general idea of combining chemical reaction heat production with phase change heat storage, and leads the specific energy of the active heat-insulating component to reach 1800kJ/kg by introducing a chemical reaction heat source with higher energy, thereby realizing high efficiency and light weight of the active heat-insulating component.
The invention consists of a phase-change heat storage matrix, a plurality of chemical reaction heat units and auxiliary wires. When the temperature of the heat preservation assembly is reduced to-20 ℃, a chemical reaction thermal unit is controlled to stimulate chemical reaction and release heat; the released heat is slowly transferred outwards through the high-temperature-resistant low-heat-conduction sealing shell, one part of the released heat is stored by the phase change heat storage matrix, the other part of the released heat heats the whole assembly, and the final temperature does not exceed 60 ℃; when the temperature of the component is reduced to-20 ℃ again, the other chemical reaction heat unit is controlled to be excited to release heat; the purpose of heat preservation for the electrical communication control part of the detection equipment is achieved by reciprocating.
Further, chemistry thermal unit includes chemistry thermal medicine, high temperature resistant low heat conduction sealed casing and is used for initiating chemistry thermal medicine to take place the ignition element of chemical reaction release heat, and the encapsulation of chemistry thermal medicine is in high temperature resistant low heat conduction sealed casing, and ignition element passes through auxiliary conductor and by heat retaining part electric connection. The activation current of the ignition element is provided by the control unit which is kept warm.
Further, the chemical thermal agent is selected from boron, tungsten, silicon, zirconium or manganese and the product is free or little gas after chemical reaction.
Further, the chemical thermal agent is a boron-based airless agent.
Furthermore, the phase change heat storage matrix is composed of a phase change material and a heat conduction additive.
Furthermore, the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 20-40 ℃, and the phase change material has large phase change latent heat.
Further, the phase change material is one or more of paraffin, eicosane and dioxane.
Furthermore, the heat conducting additive can be selected from foam graphite, expanded graphite, three-dimensional graphene and the like, is used for improving the heat conducting property of the phase-change material, plays a role in packaging the phase-change material and reduces the density of the phase-change heat storage matrix.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the active heat insulation component is sealing equipment, and an external interface is simple;
2) the appearance can be customized according to the requirement, and the overall design is convenient;
3) the weight under the unit energy requirement is light, and the weight burden on the detection task is small.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the composition of an active insulation assembly;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a chemical thermal unit structure;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase change thermal storage matrix.
Description of the drawings: 10-a chemical thermal unit, 20-a phase change heat storage matrix, 30-an auxiliary lead, 11-an ignition element, 12-a chemical thermal agent, 13-a high-temperature-resistant low-heat-conduction sealed shell, 21-a phase change material and 22-a heat-conduction additive.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, which are intended to illustrate only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments used by those skilled in the art without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a disposable active thermal insulation assembly based on chemical heat source comprises a shell, in this embodiment, the shell is in a barrel shape, i.e. the control component to be insulated is installed on the inner wall of the barrel. The casing includes low heat conduction shell and high heat conduction inner shell, and low heat conduction shell is rigid plastic material, and high heat conduction inner shell is aluminum alloy material (shared by heat retaining control unit with the inboard), form inclosed cavity between low heat conduction shell and the high heat conduction inner shell, the phase change heat accumulation base member 20 is filled in the cavity, as shown in fig. 3, phase change heat accumulation base member 20 constitute by phase change material 21 and heat conduction additive 22, it has a plurality of chemical heat unit 10 to disperse in the phase change heat accumulation base member 20, chemical heat unit 10 is fixed in the cavity, and every chemical heat unit 10 respectively through auxiliary conductor 30 with by heat retaining part electric connection. The side wall of the high heat conduction inner shell is provided with a through hole for the auxiliary lead 30 to pass through, and the auxiliary lead 30 is hermetically connected with the through hole.
The phase change material 21 of the present embodiment is paraffin. The thermally conductive additive 22 of this embodiment is graphite foam. The phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage matrix 20 is 30 ℃, and the phase change enthalpy is 217 kJ/kg; the average constant volume specific heat capacity at-20 ℃ to 30 ℃ is 1.8kJ/(kg ℃); the average constant volume specific heat capacity at 30-60 ℃ is 1.6kJ/(kg ℃). The mass ratio of the phase-change material 21 to the heat-conducting additive 22 in the phase-change heat storage matrix 20 is 90: 10.
in the embodiment, the active thermal insulation assembly according to the present invention includes a chemical thermal unit 10, a phase change thermal storage matrix 20, and an auxiliary lead 30, and the activation current of the chemical thermal unit 10 is provided by a control component to be thermally insulated.
The chemical thermal units 10 of the embodiment are selected from 12 in number and are uniformly distributed in the phase change heat storage matrix 20 in the shell. The mass ratio of the chemical thermal unit 10, the phase change heat storage matrix 20 and the auxiliary lead 30 is 55: 40: 5.
as shown in fig. 2, the chemical thermal unit 10 includes a chemical thermal agent 12, a high temperature resistant low thermal conductive sealed housing, and an ignition element 11 for inducing the chemical thermal agent 12 to perform a chemical reaction to release heat, the chemical thermal agent 12 is encapsulated in the high temperature resistant low thermal conductive sealed housing, and the ignition element 11 is electrically connected to a component to be insulated through an auxiliary wire 30. The activation current of the ignition element 11 is provided by the control unit which is kept warm. In this embodiment, the high temperature resistant low thermal conductivity sealed housing is made of high temperature resistant ceramic.
The chemical thermal agent 12 of the present embodiment is preferably a boron-based airless agent. The ignition element 11 and the chemical thermal agent 12 are mixed with the high-temperature resistant low-heat-conduction sealed shell in a mass ratio of 10: 75: the fine adjustment 15 may be performed according to actual conditions. The energy released by the complete reaction of the chemical thermal unit 10 per unit weight was 3090 kJ/kg. The overall specific energy of the active insulation component was 1840 kJ/kg.
The invention adopts the general idea of combining chemical reaction heat production with phase change heat storage, and leads the specific energy of the active heat-insulating component to exceed 1800kJ/kg by introducing a chemical reaction heat source with higher energy, thereby realizing high efficiency and light weight of the active heat-insulating component.
The invention consists of a phase-change heat storage matrix 20, a plurality of chemical reaction heat units and auxiliary leads 30. When the temperature of the heat preservation assembly is reduced to-20 ℃, a chemical reaction thermal unit is controlled to stimulate chemical reaction and release heat; the released heat is slowly transferred outwards through the high-temperature-resistant low-heat-conduction sealing shell, one part of the released heat is stored by the phase-change heat storage matrix 20, the other part of the released heat heats the whole assembly, the heat released by a single chemical heat unit 10 is smaller than the heat storage capacity of the phase-change heat storage matrix 20, and the final temperature is not more than 60 ℃; when the temperature of the component is reduced to-20 ℃ again, the other chemical reaction heat unit is controlled to be excited to release heat; the purpose of heat preservation for the control part of the detection equipment is achieved by reciprocating.
Example 2
The phase change material 21 of the present embodiment is n-eicosane. The heat conductive additive 22 of this embodiment is expanded graphite. The phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage matrix 20 is 37 ℃, and the phase change enthalpy is 274 kJ/kg; the average constant volume specific heat capacity at-20 ℃ to 37 ℃ is 0.6kJ/(kg ℃); the average constant volume specific heat capacity at 37-60 ℃ is 1.2kJ/(kg ℃). The mass ratio of the phase-change material 21 to the heat-conducting additive 22 in the phase-change heat storage matrix 20 is 80: 20. the remainder of this example was the same as example 1, and the overall specific energy of the active insulation assembly was 1836 kJ/kg.
Example 3
The chemical thermal agent 12 of the present embodiment is preferably a tungsten-based airless agent. The mass ratio of the ignition element 11, the chemical thermal agent 12 and the high-temperature-resistant low-heat-conduction ceramic sealed shell is 10: 68: 22. the energy released by the complete reaction of the chemical thermal unit 10 per unit weight was 2970 kJ/kg. The remainder of this example was the same as example 1, and the overall specific energy of the active thermal insulation assembly was 1772 kJ/kg.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
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| CN202010111730.4A CN111306405B (en) | 2020-02-24 | 2020-02-24 | A one-time active thermal insulation component based on chemical heat source |
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| CN111306405B true CN111306405B (en) | 2021-08-20 |
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