CN107168415B - Quick response phase change temperature control device - Google Patents
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- CN107168415B CN107168415B CN201710405680.9A CN201710405680A CN107168415B CN 107168415 B CN107168415 B CN 107168415B CN 201710405680 A CN201710405680 A CN 201710405680A CN 107168415 B CN107168415 B CN 107168415B
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- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/30—Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature
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Abstract
The invention provides a quick-response phase change temperature control device, and aims to provide a phase change temperature control device which is high in thermal response speed, free of leakage, suitable for installation in narrow space and capable of continuously playing a role in stabilizing temperature control for electronic and optical heating devices/equipment. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the high-heat-conductivity phase-change material is filled in the metal energy storage cavity with the ribbed grid structure; one end of the pulsating heat pipe PHP passes through the metal energy storage cavity, and the other end of the pulsating heat pipe PHP is connected with a controlled temperature device/equipment. When the temperature-controlled device/equipment works, heat is transferred to the hot end of the pulsating heat pipe PHP, phase change occurs through a medium in the heat pipe, the heat is brought to the cold end of the heat pipe and is absorbed by a high-heat-conductivity phase-change material arranged in the fin grid structure; when the temperature controlled device/equipment is in a low-temperature environment, the high-heat-conductivity phase-change material releases heat absorbed by the temperature controlled device/equipment during working, and the heat is transferred to the temperature controlled device/equipment through the pulsating heat pipe PHP to preserve heat of the temperature controlled device/equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fast response phase change temperature control device, in particular to a fast response phase change temperature control device which is suitable for missile-borne and satellite-borne equipment with high power, short-time work and strictly controlled structural size.
Background
With the progress of microwave technology, phased array antennas are developing towards high integration, large power consumption (heat consumption up to 2000W) and miniaturization, and higher requirements are put forward on the thermal design of the antennas. The phased array antenna has the characteristics of limited high-power working time, large heat productivity during working and missing heat dissipation environment, but is limited by factors such as structure size, energy carrying total amount and the like, active heat control means such as forced air cooling, liquid cooling, low-temperature cooling temperature control and the like cannot be provided, and heat sink heat storage is the most main heat dissipation mode. When the satellite runs in orbit, the heat load of the satellite-borne equipment is changed greatly due to the change of the external heat flow of the orbit. Especially for the equipment such as satellite-borne optical imaging detection system which works in a periodic pulse mode, has small heat capacity, narrow working temperature range and high requirement on temperature fluctuation, the isothermal and isothermal control of the heating equipment is especially important.
The phase change material has the advantages of isothermy or approximately isothermy and large latent heat absorption/release capacity in the phase change process, is particularly suitable for satellite-borne instruments and equipment, has the other characteristic of no moving part, can reversibly work for many times in a service life cycle in principle and has high reliability.
At present, phase change materials conforming to the environments of electronic and optical devices/equipment in the aerospace field are paraffin waxes, and main bodies of the phase change materials of the temperature control plug-in module at the rear end of an antenna, a temperature control device of an Apollo lunar rover communication relay unit and a temperature control device of a Mars lander battery are paraffin waxes such as high-carbon alcohol, n-dodecane, hexadecane, eicosane and the like. These conventional phase change temperature control devices have the following drawbacks and disadvantages under the current background and environmental conditions:
a) low thermal response rate
The PCM of the traditional phase change temperature control device is common paraffin, the heat conductivity coefficient of the PCM is about 0.24W/(m.K), the low heat conductivity enables the phase change material to have low response rate when absorbing or releasing energy, the heat transmission of a controlled device/equipment is influenced, the heat transfer performance and the energy storage performance of the phase change material are reduced, and the phase change can not be rapidly carried out so that the temperature control device can meet the working occasion of short-time high-power thermal shock.
b) Large solid-liquid phase change volume change, easy leakage and low reliability
The volume of the phase-change material of the traditional phase-change temperature control device is greatly changed from a solid phase to a liquid phase. On one hand, the solid-liquid phase change material is difficult to package, and the performance of the phase change material is reduced due to the reciprocating change of the volume during use; on the other hand, the expansive force caused by the volume change is very large, so that the metal energy storage cavity for packaging the phase change material is deformed or damaged, the phase change material is leaked or other equipment is extruded and damaged, certain potential safety hazards exist during use, and the use reliability of the phase change temperature control system is reduced.
c) The requirement on the space of the installation platform is high, and special installation space needs to be designed
The low thermal conductivity of the phase-change material of the traditional phase-change temperature control device limits that the phase-change material can only be arranged at the periphery of a heating device/equipment to compensate the low response rate caused by the low thermal conductivity, which is feasible for a platform with allowance in the size of the space of the former structure. For the missile-borne and satellite-borne platforms which are very compact in structural space and irregular in shape, the heating value of the temperature control device/equipment is larger and larger, the required filling amount of the phase-change material is larger and larger, and the traditional phase-change temperature control device is useless at the moment.
d) Poor universality and low module rate
Traditional phase change temperature control device is because its phase change material self heat expansion rate is low, so temperature control device must look after the appearance and the position of heat source when the design, hug closely behind phase change material with metal energy storage cavity encapsulation again whole encapsulation behind the heating element edge or with phase change material with the heating element parcel, these designs make temperature control device structure vary widely, can't form the product of serialization, and the commonality is poor, and the module rate is low, and the cost of subassembly maintenance replacement is huge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quick-response phase change temperature control device which is high in thermal response rate, free of leakage, high in reliability, suitable for narrow space and complex platform installation environments, high in universality, capable of meeting the temperature control requirements of current missile-borne and satellite-borne devices/equipment and suitable for modularized design and production by combining the defects of the traditional phase change temperature control device and the technical development of phase change materials aiming at the increasing thermal design problem of the current missile-borne and satellite-borne platforms.
The invention realizes the above-mentioned purpose fast response phase transition temperature control device includes: a fast response phase change temperature control device comprises: one end is passed through metal energy storage cavity 2, the pulsation heat pipe PHP1 that the other end and controlled temperature device/equipment 5 are integrated, its characterized in that: the pulsating heat pipe PHP1 is a U-shaped circulating pipe, the U-shaped circulating pipe is filled with a graphite-based paraffin composite material as a high-heat-conductivity phase-change material 4 of a phase-change material and a fin grid structure 3, heat emitted by a hot end is subjected to phase change through a liquid medium filled in a hollow metal loop pipe body, the phase change is absorbed by the high-heat-conductivity phase-change material 4 arranged in the metal energy storage cavity 2, and the heat after heat absorption is fed back to the cold end of the pulsating heat pipe PHP1 after the thermal response rate is improved by the fin grid structure 3; when the temperature-controlled device/equipment 5 is in a low-temperature environment, the high-thermal-conductivity phase-change material 4 releases heat absorbed by the temperature-controlled device/equipment during working through the fin grid structure 3, and then circularly transfers the heat to the temperature-controlled device/equipment 5 through the pulsating heat pipe PHP1, so that the temperature of the temperature-controlled device/equipment 5 is preserved, and temperature fluctuation is reduced.
Compared with the traditional temperature control device, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
a) The thermal response rate is high
The invention adopts the pulsating heat pipe PHP1 with one end passing through the metal energy storage cavity 2 and the other end integrated with the temperature controlled device/equipment 5, and takes the graphite-based paraffin composite material with the heat conductivity coefficient of 10W/(m.K) -50W/(m.K) manufactured by special technology as the phase change material, compared with the pure paraffin of the traditional device or the traditional phase change material which utilizes metal foam and the like to enhance the heat conductivity, the phase change enthalpy can also reach 175J/g while greatly improving the heat conductivity coefficient; the metal energy storage cavity is internally provided with the fin grid structure, and compared with the prior art that a whole block of phase change material is directly encapsulated in the metal energy storage cavity, the fin grid structure increases the heat transfer area of the phase change material and the metal, and obviously improves the rate of heat entering or flowing out of the phase change material and the high heat conduction response rate of the heat pipe and the metal. The fin interval in the metal energy storage cavity is optimally designed according to the temperature gradient rule, and compared with the equally-spaced fins, the fin structure optimally designed according to the temperature gradient rule can enable the temperature of the phase change material in each part of the metal energy storage cavity to be more uniform, and a stable temperature platform can be better provided for a temperature controlled device/equipment in the phase change process of the phase change material. Therefore, the invention not only can quickly enable the heating device/equipment to achieve the temperature control effect, but also can provide a stable temperature platform, thereby improving the safety margin of the device/equipment.
b) No leakage and high reliability
According to the invention, a U-shaped circulating pipe is adopted, and the phase change material 4 with high heat conductivity and the fin grid structure 3 are filled with a graphite-based paraffin composite material as a phase change material, so that heat emitted by a hot end is subjected to phase change through a liquid medium filled in a hollow metal loop pipe body, the heat is absorbed by the phase change material 4 with high heat conductivity in a metal energy storage cavity 2, and the heat after heat absorption is fed back to the cold end of a pulsating heat pipe PHP1 after the thermal response rate is improved through the fin grid structure 3; the phase-change material is a shape of the shape-stabilized material which is still kept in a solid state macroscopically after the phase change, the over-cooling phenomenon and the phase separation phenomenon are avoided, the initial structural shape and the heat storage density can be kept after multiple heat storage and heat release, the expansion coefficient is small, and the phase change volume change is small. Therefore for traditional phase change material, neither can produce liquid because of the phase transition, also can not lead to the encapsulation metal cavity to warp because of volume change around the phase transition greatly, avoided traditional phase transition temperature control device's the problem of revealing, can also keep self physical stability and thermal stability after the repeated heating of many times/cooling cycle, the reliability is high.
c) Flexible arrangement and high space utilization rate
According to the invention, the phase-change material 4 with high thermal conductivity releases heat absorbed by the temperature-controlled device/equipment during working through the fin grid structure 3, and then circularly transfers the heat to the temperature-controlled device/equipment 5 through the pulsating heat pipe PHP1, so that the temperature of the temperature-controlled device/equipment 5 is preserved, and the device/equipment is prevented from being frozen at low temperature. The controlled device/equipment and the metal energy storage cavity are designed separately, and the pulsating heat pipe which is high in heat transfer efficiency, long in heat transfer distance and small in gravity influence is used as a heat transfer medium between the device/equipment and the phase-change material, so that the limit of compact structure space and irregular shape of a missile-borne platform and a satellite-borne platform is broken through. On one hand, the pulsating heat pipe can be bent and arranged according to the structural space of the mounting platform, and the length of the pulsating heat pipe can be designed according to the distance between a temperature-controlled device/equipment and the metal energy storage cavity; on the other hand, after the controlled device/equipment and the metal energy storage cavity are separately designed, the metal energy storage cavity can be theoretically arranged in any residual space on the missile-borne platform and the satellite-borne platform, so that the filling amount of the phase-change material is increased, the electronic device/equipment can work in a high-power and high-performance state, and the overall performance of the electronic device/equipment is greatly improved.
d) Convenient modularization and serialization
For the same platform, the appearance of the metal energy storage cavity can be made into a standard module consistent with other electronic equipment modules, such as a plug-in module of a case, and in addition, because the invention is not designed with the electronic equipment module in an integrated structure, the electronic equipment module and the temperature control device can be separately maintained and replaced during maintenance and replacement, compared with the mode that the traditional assembly replaces the two modules together during maintenance, the maintenance cost is greatly reduced. For the subsequent development model of the platform, the volume of the metal energy storage cavity can be designed according to the required filling amount of the phase change material, the diameter and the length of the pulsating heat pipe can be correspondingly designed, and the manufacturing process has no obvious change, so that the metal energy storage cavity can be further manufactured into a series of products according to the development of the platform model. The temperature control device can be controlled by temperature when the temperature control device or equipment is required to generate heat, and can also be insulated when the temperature control device or equipment does not work and the ambient temperature is lower.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the PCM heat absorption mode of the fast response phase change temperature control device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fast-response phase-change temperature control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: the heat source heating device comprises a pulsating heat pipe 1, a metal energy storage cavity 2, a fin grid structure 3, a high-heat-conductivity phase-change material 4, a temperature-controlled device/equipment 5 and a heat source heating plate 6.
Detailed Description
Refer to fig. 1 and 2. In the embodiments described below, a fast response phase change temperature control device includes: the pulse heat pipe PHP1 for transferring heat through the phase change of the internal liquid working medium fills the metal energy storage cavity 2 of the high-heat-conductivity phase-change material 4, the fin grid structure 3 for improving the thermal response rate and the high-heat-conductivity phase-change material 4 for storing heat.
When the temperature-controlled device/equipment 5 works, the heat emitted by the temperature-controlled device/equipment is transferred to the hot end of the pulsating heat pipe PHP1, phase change is carried out through a liquid medium filled in the hollow metal loop pipe body, the heat is brought to the cold end of the pulsating heat pipe PHP1 and transferred to the fin grid structure 3, and is absorbed by the high-heat-conductivity phase-change material 4 arranged in the metal energy storage cavity 2, so that the temperature-controlled device/equipment is prevented from being overtemperature; when the temperature controlled device/equipment does not work and is in a low-temperature environment, the high-heat-conductivity phase-change material releases heat absorbed by the temperature controlled device/equipment during working, and then the heat is transferred to the temperature controlled device/equipment through the pulsating heat pipe PHP to preserve heat of the temperature controlled device/equipment and prevent the device/equipment from being frozen at low temperature.
The controlled temperature device/equipment 5 and the metal energy storage cavity 2 adopt a separated design and are connected through the pulsating heat pipe 1.
The pulsating heat pipe PHP1 is a closed loop structure, wherein one end of the pulsating heat pipe PHP1 is embedded in the metal energy storage cavity 2 in a way that the straight pipe part of the heat pipe is welded and installed in a through hole which is designed and reserved in the metal energy storage cavity 2, the bent part is exposed, and the other end of the pulsating heat pipe PHP1 is used for being integrated with a temperature controlled device/equipment 5.
The fin spacing in the metal energy storage cavity is optimally designed according to the temperature gradient rule. The distance between the rib grid structures 3 is gradually reduced along the direction far away from the temperature controlled device/equipment 5, and the high-conductivity phase-change material (4) is uniformly and compactly filled in the metal energy storage cavity 2.
The high-thermal-conductivity phase-change material 4 packaged in the metal energy storage cavity 2 is a graphite-based paraffin composite material with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 10W/(m.K) or more, the phase-change material is powdery, macroscopic convection does not occur in the phase-change process, and the volume change before and after phase change is small.
The metal energy storage cavity 2 is coated with heat insulation materials around to insulate heat from the environment. The metal energy storage cavity 2 is welded and sealed, and the conditions of bulging, leakage and the like cannot be generated.
See fig. 3. This figure is an exemplary embodiment applying the principles of the fast response phase change temperature control device of figure 1 and the structure of figure 2. The embodiment is in a closed enclosure environment, 2 sets of fast response phase change temperature control devices are used for controlling the temperature of the heat source heating plate 6, and the heating power of the heat source heating plate 6 is provided by a direct current stabilized voltage power supply to simulate the heating of electronic equipment. The shape-stabilized phase change material adopted in the embodiment is a graphite-based paraffin composite phase change material with the phase change temperature of 85 ℃. One end of the pulsating heat pipe of the temperature control device is arranged on the bottom surface of the heat source in a crossed and parallel mode, and the consistency of the surface temperature of the heat source can be effectively guaranteed. If the heat source is large, the device can be expanded on the basis, and a larger or a plurality of sets of fast-response phase change temperature control devices are arranged to form a set of stable and reliable high-heat-flux-density electronic equipment.
Claims (7)
1. A fast response phase change temperature control device comprising: carry out pulsation heat pipe PHP (1) that conducts heat through inside liquid working medium phase transition, fill metal energy storage cavity (2) of high heat conduction phase change material (4) for fin grid structure (3) of rate of thermal response is improved, high heat conduction phase change material (4) for the storage heat, its characterized in that: the pulsating heat pipe PHP (1) is a U-shaped circulating pipe with a closed loop structure, the U-shaped circulating pipe is formed by a high-heat-conductivity phase-change material (4) and a fin grid structure (3) which are filled with a graphite-based paraffin composite material as a phase-change material, one end of a hollow metal loop pipe body passes through a metal energy storage cavity (2), the other end of the hollow metal loop pipe body is integrated with a temperature-controlled device/equipment (5), one end of the hollow metal loop pipe body is embedded in the metal energy storage cavity (2), the straight pipe part of the heat pipe is welded and installed in a through hole which is designed and reserved in the metal energy storage cavity (2; a ribbed grid structure is arranged in the metal energy storage cavity (2), the high-thermal-conductivity phase-change material (4) is a graphite-based paraffin composite material with a thermal conductivity coefficient of more than 10W/(m.K), and is uniformly and tightly filled in the metal energy storage cavity (2), and the periphery of the metal energy storage cavity (2) is coated with a thermal insulation material to insulate heat from the environment; when the temperature controlled device/equipment works, the heat emitted by the temperature controlled device/equipment is transferred to the hot end of the pulsating heat pipe PHP (1), the phase change is carried out through a liquid medium filled in the hollow metal loop pipe body, the heat emitted by the hot end is brought to the cold end of the pulsating heat pipe PHP (1) and transferred to the fin grid structure (3), the heat is absorbed by a high-heat-conductivity phase change material (4) arranged in the metal energy storage cavity (2), and after the thermal response rate is improved through the fin grid structure (3), the heat after heat absorption is fed back to the cold end of the pulsating heat pipe PHP (1); when the temperature-controlled device/equipment does not work and is in a low-temperature environment, the high-heat-conductivity phase-change material releases heat absorbed by the temperature-controlled device/equipment (5) during working, and the heat is circularly transferred to the temperature-controlled device/equipment (5) through the pulsating heat pipe PHP (1) to preserve heat of the temperature-controlled device/equipment (5) so as to prevent the device/equipment from being frostbitten by low temperature.
2. The fast response phase change temperature control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature controlled device/equipment (5) and the metal energy storage cavity (2) are separately designed and connected through the pulsating heat pipe (1).
3. The fast-response phase-change temperature control device of claim 1, wherein the spacing between the fins in the metal energy storage cavity is optimally designed according to a temperature gradient law.
4. The fast-response phase-change temperature control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pitch of the rib grid structure (3) is gradually decreased in a direction away from the controlled temperature device/equipment (5).
5. The fast-response phase change temperature control device according to claim 1, wherein the high thermal conductivity phase change material (4) encapsulated by the metal energy storage cavity (2) is powdery, no macroscopic convection is generated in the phase change process, and the volume change before and after phase change is small.
6. The fast response phase change temperature control device according to claim 1, characterized in that one end of the pulsating heat pipe PHP (1) is arranged on the bottom surface of the heat source in a crossing and parallel manner.
7. The fast response phase change temperature control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal energy storage cavity (2) is welded and sealed, and no bulge or leakage is generated.
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| CN108461933B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2023-10-20 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Integrated spaceborne radar antenna |
| CN109588015B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-12-29 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安航空计算技术研究所 | Distributed heat storage system |
| CN110595083A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-12-20 | 上海海事大学 | Pulsating heat pipe heat transfer solar cascade heat accumulator |
| CN111132520A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-05-08 | 深圳五洲无线股份有限公司 | Electronic device |
| CN112437589B (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2022-09-02 | 中通服咨询设计研究院有限公司 | Novel cold head combined cabinet |
| CN115940004B (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-06-27 | 沈阳工业大学 | Phase-change energy storage-based gas insulation equipment heat preservation device |
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| CN2832974Y (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2006-11-01 | 胡冬宜 | Sterilizing intelligent controlled phase-change energy-storage decorative board and frame of door and window |
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