CN1112276C - Split-type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating - Google Patents
Split-type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN1112276C CN1112276C CN 00100041 CN00100041A CN1112276C CN 1112276 C CN1112276 C CN 1112276C CN 00100041 CN00100041 CN 00100041 CN 00100041 A CN00100041 A CN 00100041A CN 1112276 C CN1112276 C CN 1112276C
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Abstract
本发明属于激光材料加工技术领域，涉及一种垂直装卸的分体式激光熔覆同轴送粉喷嘴，由含有同轴光路通道、粉路通道、保护气体通道和冷却水路通道的内外套接的内锥筒、中间锥筒、外锥筒、冷却水挡板和喷头组成的多层同心锥筒；冷却水路包括内锥冷却水路及外层冷却水路。本发明具有三层锥体同时冷却、灵活方便的垂直装卸、粉末流主动均匀化、光斑直径灵活调节、内锥头部可更换、端部抗激光反射和粉末回收等优点，还能适用于激光熔覆、激光合金化、激光相变硬化和激光焊接等多种场合。
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser material processing, and relates to a split type laser cladding coaxial powder feeding nozzle for vertical loading and unloading. Multi-layer concentric cone composed of cone, middle cone, outer cone, cooling water baffle and nozzle; cooling water circuit includes inner cone cooling water circuit and outer layer cooling water circuit. The invention has the advantages of simultaneous cooling of three layers of cones, flexible and convenient vertical loading and unloading, active uniformization of powder flow, flexible adjustment of spot diameter, replaceable inner cone head, anti-laser reflection and powder recovery at the end, and can also be applied to laser Cladding, laser alloying, laser phase transformation hardening and laser welding and other occasions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Materialbearbeitung mit Laserlicht technical field, particularly the coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating structural design.
Background technology
Laser Processing is a kind of novel manufacturing process that utilizes high energy laser beam to process, and is advanced material processing method in the present age.Laser Processing has many obvious superiority that surpass conventional manufacturing process, its range of application is also very wide, as: Laser Surface Treatment (laser transformation hardening, laser remolten, laser alloying, laser melting coating, laser fine processing, laser surface texturing), laser weld, laser cutting, laser drill, laser labelling, Laser Micro-Machining etc.Laser melting coating is meant in high energy laser beam molten material local surfaces and adds metallic element or alloy and both changed the surface coating method that the material surface microstructure changes its composition that its strengthening effect is the most remarkable.Vertically superpose by multilayer, laser melting coating also has the special performance of directly making metal parts fast flexibly.The main feature of laser melting coating comprises: (1) can change the performance of material surface fully; (2) coating and matrix form firm metallurgical binding, and microscopic structure is thin; (3) the alloy powder range of choice is wide, can realize multiple performances such as wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, erosion resistance, endurance, resistance to high temperature oxidation; (4) the heat input is few, and thermal cycle is very of short duration, few to the pyrolytic damage and the thermal deformation of matrix, and crystal grain is difficult for growing up; (5) matrix is controlled to the dilute strength of cladding layer, and cladding layer capability guarantees; (6) can control the crucible zone composition, concentration, shape and area size; (7) there is not the machinery contact.The adding method of metal or alloy mainly contains the precoating powder method, and side direction powder-feeding method and coaxial powder-feeding method are optimum with the coaxial powder-feeding method wherein.The essential coaxial powder-feeding nozzle of coaxial powder-feeding laser melting coating, well behaved nozzle can be applicable to laser melting coating, laser alloying and powder-feeding laser welding etc.
Anisotropy in view of side direction powder-feeding laser melting-painting commonly used at present, the laser melting coating that can't satisfy continuous development is made fast directly worn and torn the demand of vital part of the research of metal parts and Laser Cladding in-situ reparation, and along with laser melting and coating technique to higher level development, coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating has obtained the generally great attention and the research of western developed country research institution, and English, U.S., method, moral have been developed coaxial powder-feeding nozzle separately.Its basic structure all adopts multilayer concentric cone barrel formula, comprises axis light paths, mill diagram passage and gas channels, and powder stream adopts three road or four road vertical mode of entrance, near the end cooling device is arranged.For example, United States Patent (USP) U.S.Pat.5477026, its structure as shown in Figure 1, mainly comprise: by top thread connection tube 11, inner conical-tube 12 and interior shower nozzle be socket formation internal layer awl tube about in the of 13, path channels 101 is formed in the interior space that this internal layer cone barrel becomes, by inner conical-tube 12, it is outer and constitute concentric middle level awl tin through external conical-tube 14 that screw thread is connected up and down and outer shower nozzle 16 for interior shower nozzle 13 and socket, coaxial mill diagram path 10 2 is formed in the space in the annular that this middle level cone barrel becomes, having 4 uniform inlets 17 on the external conical-tube 14 is communicated with powder circulation road 102,4 road powder are flowed through four to enter the mouth and 17 are directly entered powder circulation road 102 along vertical circumferencial direction, and the powder short passage of flowing through sprays from shower nozzle; A gas passage is contained in external conical-tube 14 inside, and the outer shower nozzle 16 gas inside passages that it links to each other with its lower end constitute protection gas circuit circular passage 103; Cooling water baffle plate 15 is fixed on the periphery of external conical-tube, and the annular space that forms between the outer wall of it and external conical-tube 14 is formed cooling water channel 104, cooling water channel cooling external conical-tube 14, and inner conical-tube and interior shower nozzle are not well cooled off.Mill diagram, gas circuit and turnover water route all link to each other with outside powder feeder, source of the gas and water source respectively by plastic piping.Whole nozzle connects with the Laser Processing working head through the screw thread of top thread connection tube 11, and external conical-tube 14 also adopts screw thread to connect with top thread connection tube.Interior shower nozzle 13 and outer shower nozzle 16 connect with the lower thread of inner conical-tube 12, external conical-tube 14 respectively, form to separate changeable type, so that change when its head is burnt out by laser.Nozzle-integrated being fixedly connected can not be regulated the focal spot of focussed laser beam.The structure of other coaxial powder-feeding nozzles is similar substantially with it.
The main deficiency of existing coaxial nozzle shows as: (1) existing coaxial nozzle is overall structure, mainly be connected with laser cladding working head by screw thread, because coaxial nozzle comprises many pipelines such as powder, gas, water route, often make these pipelines be intertwined during the rotation loading and unloading, must pull out all pipelines earlier, put in back after in place, use extremely inconvenient; (2) the 4 curb circumference that adopted of existing coaxial nozzle vertically advance the powder mode, make powder at porch density height, other local density are low, the initial distribution of powder stream is inhomogeneous, and the powder channel of nozzle is often shorter, thereby the powder of jet expansion stream uniformity is relatively poor relatively, is difficult for satisfying the accurate evenly requirement of coaxial powder-feeding; (3) existing coaxial nozzle often only carries out water-cooled to nozzle outer cone end, and not directly cooling of inner cone, but nozzle when working long hours because Nei Jian and high energy laser beam and powder flow the most approaching, inner cone often heats and the fastest, the easiest the burning out of heating up under catoptrical effect, in case inner cone local heating distortion will change the uniformity of powder stream, local melting will stop up contiguous powder circulation road and cause the inefficacy of coaxial nozzle when serious; Therefore, preferentially cooling off inner cone is very important for the permanently effective work of nozzle; (4) existing coaxial nozzle head adopts conical structure mostly, and the employing end horizontal small front apron structure that has does not all possess the function with reflection lasering beam and the utilization of reflective powder secondary.(5) existing nozzle self does not possess the regulating power of focused spot diameter.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the existing deficiency of coaxial powder-feeding nozzle in the world, design a kind of split type coaxial nozzle of vertical loading and unloading, make that it has not only that inner conical-tube is strengthened cooling and three layers of cone cooled off simultaneously, flexible vertical loading and unloading, powder stream plurality of advantages such as replaceable, anti-laser reflection of nozzle-end of homogenising, spot diameter flexible modulation, interior cone head part and powder reflection recovery initiatively, can also be applicable to the condenser lens of multiple focusing and be applicable to multiple occasions such as laser melting coating, laser alloying, laser transformation hardening and laser weld.
The split type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating of a kind of vertical loading and unloading of the present invention design is by inner conical-tube, middle cone tube, external conical-tube, the cooling water baffle plate of the inside and outside socket that contains axis light paths, mill diagram passage, protective gas passage and cooling water channel passage be connected in the multilayer concentric that the shower nozzle it under forms and bore barrel structure; It is characterized in that, one protection conductance also is set to the awl tube between said external conical-tube and the cooling water baffle plate, said cooling water channel comprises being arranged on the inner cone cooling water channel between inner conical-tube and the middle cone tube and being arranged on protects the outer cooling water channel of conductance between awl tube and cooling water baffle plate; Said external conical-tube and middle cone tube constitute the powder circulation road, and said external conical-tube and protection conductance constitute the protection gas circuit between the awl tube.
The present invention also can be included in said multilayer concentric awl tube upper end and adopt the button valve structure that can vertically load and unload to connect a upper body that connects with the Laser Processing working head, said upper body by movable of removable screw thread be enclosed within the top cylinder that this activity tube is threaded with it outward and form.Said top cylinder can be made up of threaded adjusting tube and the last cylinder base that screws togather up and down with it.
Can have a plurality of tangential powdering inlets on the said external conical-tube, ring can be provided with micropore leakage sieve week in the powder circulation road below said tangential inlet, and this micropore leaks and sieves the dozens of micropore that is uniformly distributed along the circumference.
Said external conical-tube can be formed by removably going up external conical-tube and following powder guiding awl tube two parts, and said protection conductance links to each other to awl tube and following powder guiding awl tube, said cooling water baffle plate be connected in this powder lead bore tin outside.
Top in the said inner conical-tube can be provided with the groove that can place short condenser lens.
Said nozzle bottom can form the oppositely cone-shaped of any surface finish.
Function of the present invention and characteristics are as follows:
(1) the effective cooling of whole each key component of nozzle and the long-time steady operation of nozzle are guaranteed in the inner cone cooling water channel of the present invention's design and the cooling of outer cone water route
(2) the present invention adopts binary to divide body structure, and the upper body realizes connecting with the transition of various Laser Processing working heads with the internal thread of the movable tube of removable screw thread.As long as change its diameter and pitch, this nozzle can be realized being connected with any Laser Processing working head easily.Adopt the button lobe to connect between the last lower body, obtain vertical Multi Loading and Unloading Functions and realize accurately location.
(3) the present invention adopts multitube tangentially to advance the powder mode, being the multichannel powder enters nozzle body along a plurality of tangential inlets of nozzle circumference, abut against below the tangential inlet is a micro-mesh ring, because the pressure of carrier gas, the powder stream that enters nozzle body is evenly dispersed on the periphery of micro-mesh ring very soon, powder bleeds equably from the uniform micropore on the micro-mesh ring periphery on the powder circulation road, spray from shower nozzle through long powder channel, its uniformity obviously is better than multichannel and vertically advances the powder mode again.
(4) nozzle body of the present invention inside is provided with the groove that can place short condenser lens, and utilizes inner cone cooling water channel cooling focus lamp, and focus lamp is effectively cooled off.Therefore the focus lamp focal range that this nozzle was suitable for can be 100～300mm.The defocusing amount adjustable range can from 0 to+60, and the spot diameter adjustable range at powder stream focus place can be from the focus spot to 7mm.The screw shell of nozzle upper body designs, and has realized the function of outside direct step-less adjustment focal beam spot diameter
(5) end of the present invention is designed to a reverse cone structure towards any surface finish of work piece, harmful laser energy that surface of the work not only can be reflected is reflect focalization melt back pond again, improve the utilization rate of laser beam energy, and the powder of surface of the work bounce-back and sputter can also be flowed reflected back molten bath again, improve the utilization rate of powder.Its effect obviously is better than simple circular cone or small front apron structure.
The suitable application area of nozzle of the present invention is powder-feeding laser melting-painting, powder-feeding laser alloying, powder-feeding laser welding, presets powder laser melting coating and laser alloying, laser remolten and laser transformation hardening and laser weld and cutting etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating structural representation of prior art.
Fig. 2 is a coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating example structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The present invention designs a kind of embodiment of split type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating of vertical loading and unloading, is described with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows;
The structure of present embodiment as shown in Figure 2.This nozzle is made up of two parts up and down.The nozzle upper body is made up of the movable tube 23 of screw thread, threaded adjusting tube 24 and last cylinder base 25, and the nozzle lower body is that nozzle body is made up of to boring tube 212, separable shower nozzle 213 and cooling water baffle plate 214 to awl tube 211, protection conductance inner conical-tube 26, middle cone tube 28, porous leakage sieve 29, external conical-tube 210, powder conductance.Top and the bottom adopt the button lobe to connect first.The movable tube 23 of screw thread is the connector of whole nozzle and Laser Processing working head, and the movable tube 23 of screw thread, threaded adjusting tube 24 and last cylinder base 25 are formed the governor motion of nozzle.The movable tube 23 of screw thread, inner conical-tube 26 and shower nozzle 213 are formed the internal focus laser beam passway; Middle cone tube 28, external conical-tube 210, powder conductance constitute coaxial convergence powder circulation road to awl tube 211 and shower nozzle 213; Inner conical-tube 26 and middle cone tube 28 are formed the inner cone cooling water channel, and the protection conductance is formed the end cooling water channel to awl tube 212 and cooling water baffle plate 214; Inner conical-tube 26 and shower nozzle 213 are formed axially protection gas circuit, and the powder conductance is formed peripheral protection gas circuit to awl tube 211 and protection conductance to awl tube 212; It is the powder uniformization element that porous is leaked sieve 29, and shower nozzle 213 is replaceable shower nozzle, and shower nozzle 213, powder conductance are formed the reverse wimble structure of nozzle to awl tube 211 and protection conductance to the end of awl tube 212.
The function of present embodiment and characteristics:
(1) nozzle of the present invention adopts binary to divide body structure, and the upper body is made up of the movable tube 23 of screw thread, threaded adjusting tube 24 and last cylinder base 25, rotates with the external screw thread 22 of Laser Processing working head with the internal thread of the movable tube 23 of screw thread to connect, and the upper body promptly maintains static after connecting well.As long as change the diameter and the pitch of the movable tube 23 of screw thread, can be connected with any Laser Processing working head easily.The main body of nozzle is made of 26-214, and the used input and output pipeline of mill diagram, gas circuit and cooling water channel is all on nozzle body.Adopt the button lobe to connect between the last lower body, the button of button lobe is fixed on the lower end of cylinder base 25, lobe is fixed on the nozzle body external conical-tube 28, nozzle body can vertically break away from processing head easily and carry out necessary adjustment, cleaning, installation focus lamp etc., does not unload integrated nozzle and could not rotate after existing nozzle must be dismantled all pipelines.There is a boss last cylinder base 25 lower ends, and a groove is arranged on the middle cone tube 28, realize accurately location by them during installation.
(2) the inner cone cooling water channel of present embodiment design can make whole inner cone effectively be cooled off.Cooling water enters from the inlet on the middle cone tube 28, at first directly from the side with following two-way cooling inner conical-tube 26 on the focus lamp microscope base, waterway channel along inner conical-tube 26 and middle cone tube 28 formations down cools off particularly 26 end of inner conical-tube 26 then, this end closely contacts with separable shower nozzle 213, make shower nozzle 213 cooling that strengthened, cooling water flows a week around 26 ends, waterway channel from inner conical-tube 26 and middle cone tube 28 formations up flows again, cooling inner conical-tube and microscope base, the outlet from the middle cone tube 28 is flowed out then.The protection conductance constitutes another road cooling-water duct to awl tube 212 and cooling water baffle plate 214, strengthens the reverse conical surface of cooling 212 ends, and makes that with closely contacting powder guiding awl tube 211 is also well cooled off by the used high thermal conductivity material of nozzle.Like this, the easy heating part of several keys of nozzle of the present invention has all obtained effective cooling, really guarantees the long-time steady operation of nozzle.
(3) present embodiment makes four road powder enter along 4 tangential inlets 215 on the external conical-tube 210 in the powder circulation road of nozzle body external conical-tube 210 and middle cone tube 28 formations through four copper pipes.Micropore leak sieve 29 be placed in tangential inlet 215 below.Four road powder stream that enters powder channel can be dispersed in rapidly under the drive of carrying gas on the periphery of sieve ring, leak the dozens of micropore uniform on sieve ring 29 circumference to leak down equably from micropore again, after the powder channel that middle cone tube 28, external conical-tube 210, powder guiding awl tube 211 and shower nozzle 213 constitute is assembled, form the coaxial powder coning tower tray of uniform convergence, realize the active homogenising function of coaxial powder stream in the exit.
(4) the reverse cone of present embodiment nozzle-end is made of to the end of awl tube 212 shower nozzle 213, powder guiding awl tube 211 and protection conductance, and surface smoothness is higher.Under effective cooling of cooling water channel, it is bright and clean that its surface can keep in the long period course of work.So just harmful laser energy of surface of the work reflection reflect focalization melt back pond again the utilization rate of laser beam energy can be improved, the powder of surface of the work bounce-back and sputter reflected back molten bath again can also be flowed, the utilization rate of raising powder.
(5) internal thread of the movable tube 23 of the screw thread of present embodiment nozzle upper body connects with the Laser Processing working head, the internal thread of 23 external screw thread fit with nozzle upper body threaded adjusting tube 24, rotation by 24 makes the length of nozzle self to change easily, and 24 connect with last cylinder base 25 maintenance activities.Realized the function of outside direct step-less adjustment focal beam spot diameter, defocusing amount can from 0 be adjusted to+60, the spot diameter at jet expansion powder stream focus place is adjusted to 7mm from focus spot.This adjustable range year adapts to the power density requirement of laser melting coating, laser alloying, laser transformation hardening and laser weld comprehensively.
(6) condenser lens 21 of present embodiment is usually located on the laser Machining head 22, by the special-purpose cooling water channel cooling of laser head, and the lens of general employing 200mm focal length, focus is positioned at the jet expansion below.By means of the focus lamp of above-mentioned governor motion, can satisfy powder-feeding method and non-powder feeding like this and send out the general requirement of laser melting coating, laser alloying, laser transformation hardening laser power density and focused spot diameter applicable to focal length 300mm.Also designed a short condenser lens position in main body inner conical-tube 26, focus still is positioned at place, jet expansion below, utilizes the cooling water channel cooling focus lamp 27 of inner conical-tube 26, and focus lamp is effectively cooled off.Axial gas atmosphere inlet 216 is placed in below the lens.This sample nozzle just can be used for powder feeding and general laser weld and laser cutting.So the focus lamp focal range that this nozzle was suitable for is 100～300mm, suitable application area is powder-feeding laser melting-painting, powder-feeding laser alloying, powder-feeding laser welding, preset powder laser melting coating and laser alloying, laser remolten and laser transformation hardening and general laser weld and the multiple function of laser cutting.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of split type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating of vertical loading and unloading, this nozzle have by the inner conical-tube of the inside and outside socket that contains axis light paths, mill diagram passage, protective gas passage and cooling water channel passage, middle cone tube, external conical-tube, cooling water baffle plate and are connected in the multilayer concentric awl barrel structure that the shower nozzle under it is formed; It is characterized in that, one protection conductance also is set to the awl tube between said external conical-tube and the cooling water baffle plate, said cooling water channel comprises being arranged on the inner cone cooling water channel between inner conical-tube and the middle cone tube and being arranged on protects the outer cooling water channel of conductance between awl tube and cooling water retaining; Said external conical-tube and middle cone tube constitute the powder circulation road, and said external conical-tube and protection conductance constitute the protection gas circuit between the awl tube.
2, coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also be included in said multilayer concentric awl tube upper end and adopt the button valve structure that can vertically load and unload to connect a upper body that connects with the Laser Processing working head, said upper body by movable of removable screw thread be enclosed within the top cylinder that this activity tube is threaded with it outward and form.
3, coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, said top cylinder is made up of threaded adjusting tube and the last cylinder base that screws togather up and down with it.
4, coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, have a plurality of tangential powdering inlets on the said external conical-tube, ring is provided with micropore leakage sieve week in the powder circulation road below said tangential inlet, and this micropore leaks and sieves the dozens of micropore that is uniformly distributed along the circumference.
5, coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; said external conical-tube is formed with following powder guiding awl tube two parts by removably going up external conical-tube; said protection conductance links to each other with following powder guiding awl tube to the awl tube, and said cooling water baffle plate is connected in this powder guiding awl tube outside.
As claim 1,2,3 or 4 described coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating, it is characterized in that 6, the top in the said inner conical-tube is provided with the groove that can place short condenser lens.
As claim 1,2,3 or 4 described coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating, it is characterized in that 7, said nozzle bottom forms the oppositely cone-shaped of any surface finish.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00100041 CN1112276C (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2000-01-07 | Split-type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00100041 CN1112276C (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2000-01-07 | Split-type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1255411A CN1255411A (en) | 2000-06-07 |
| CN1112276C true CN1112276C (en) | 2003-06-25 |
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| CN 00100041 Expired - Fee Related CN1112276C (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2000-01-07 | Split-type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating |
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| CN101321601B (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2011-05-11 | 通快机床两合公司 | Laser processing nozzle |
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-
2000
- 2000-01-07 CN CN 00100041 patent/CN1112276C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101321601B (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2011-05-11 | 通快机床两合公司 | Laser processing nozzle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1255411A (en) | 2000-06-07 |
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