CN116397226A - A device and process for preparing a silver layer by blue-ray laser cladding on a copper substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a process for preparing a silver layer on a copper substrate by blue laser cladding, wherein the device comprises a laser cladding processing head, an air-borne powder feeding device, a blue laser generator, a motion mechanism and a power supply, and comprises the following steps: the laser beam emitted by the blue laser generator irradiates and focuses on the surface of the copper substrate through the laser cladding processing head to form a light spot-shaped molten pool, and the air-borne powder feeding device synchronously feeds silver powder materials into the focused light spot-shaped molten pool on the surface of the copper substrate by utilizing inert gas, so that the silver powder materials can be fully melted and sintered in the molten pool to form a silver coating which is metallurgically bonded with the copper substrate. The invention utilizes the advantage of higher absorptivity of copper and silver materials to blue light wave band laser, and avoids the problems of heat input accumulation, air holes, inclusion and the like under the conditions of low absorptivity and high energy density.

Description

A device and process for preparing a silver layer by blue-ray laser cladding on a copper substrate

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding processing, in particular to a laser cladding process method and processing device for dissimilar metal materials such as copper and silver with high reflectivity and high thermal conductivity.

Background technique

Copper and copper alloys, silver, etc. are high reflectivity, high thermal conductivity materials, the laser absorption rate of the infrared band is extremely poor, the copper absorption rate is less than 6%, and the silver absorption rate is less than 3%. The conversion of energy into heat leads to extremely high heat accumulation of the processed material, which affects the quality of laser cladding. Therefore, the existing infrared laser cladding technology usually requires high Laser power density, but the extremely high power energy density in the processing process is due to the extremely poor absorption rate of copper and silver materials for infrared laser light and high thermal conductivity, which makes the formed keyhole unstable, and the liquid copper in the molten pool The influence of flow characteristics will cause the opening of the keyhole to close quickly, causing the gas around the keyhole to open the opening of the keyhole to form splashes, or the copper material that is rapidly cooled at the opening will be trapped in the material to form pores, which will affect the processing quality.

Contents of the invention

In view of the technical problems and difficulties existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a device and process for preparing a silver layer by blue-ray laser cladding on a copper substrate, which utilizes the high absorption rate of copper and silver materials for blue-ray band lasers. Advantages, avoiding the heat input accumulation, pores, inclusions and other problems under the condition of low absorption rate and high energy density; and through the method of device and process optimization, the process stability of the laser cladding silver layer on the copper substrate is ensured, and the process is expanded. The window breaks through the difficulty of laser processing of metal materials with high reflectivity and high thermal conductivity such as copper and silver, realizes the processing of laser cladding silver on the surface of copper substrates with high-quality effects, and solves the above-mentioned technical problems.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned technical effect, the object of the present invention is achieved as follows: a device for preparing a silver layer by blue-ray laser cladding processing on a copper substrate, including a blue-ray laser generator, a laser cladding processing head, an airborne conveyor Powder device, motion mechanism and power supply; the blue laser generator emits a laser beam, which is irradiated on the surface of the copper substrate through the laser cladding processing head and focused to form a spot-shaped molten pool; the airborne powder feeding The flexible powder feeding pipeline is connected to the powder feeding channel of the laser cladding processing head, and the silver powder material in the airborne powder feeding device is sent through the flexible powder feeding pipeline and the laser cladding processing head in sequence by using inert gas. The powder channel is transported into the spot-shaped melting pool formed by focusing on the surface of the copper substrate; the movement mechanism drives the laser cladding processing head to move relative to the surface of the copper substrate, so that the silver powder material is fully melted and uniformly deposited on the copper substrate. The substrate surface is sintered to form a silver coating that is metallurgically bonded to the copper substrate surface.

The process is realized by a device for preparing a silver layer by blue-ray laser cladding processing on a copper substrate according to claim 1, specifically comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Grinding the surface of the copper substrate to be processed to remove surface oxides, and cleaning and wiping to ensure that the copper substrate to be clad is sufficiently clean;

Step 2, using blue light, and preparing a silver coating on the copper substrate with the help of a blue light laser cladding processing device for preparing a silver layer;

Step 3: Grinding the area where the silver coating is clad on the copper substrate to a specified thickness and surface roughness.

The process parameters of the blue-ray laser cladding process in the step 2 are as follows: the blue-ray laser wavelength generated by the blue-ray laser generator is 450nm ± 20nm, the laser power control range is 1000 W-1500W, and the powder feeding range of the silver powder material is 3 g/min - 4.5g/min, the flow rate of powder feeding gas is 10L/min; the flow rate of protective gas is 10L/min, the moving speed of the moving mechanism during cladding is 6mm/s-10mm/s, and the cladding overlap rate is 40%-50%.

The laser cladding processing head is equipped with a powder feeding channel of the coaxial powder feeding type of the light powder or the bypass powder feeding type of the light powder included angle, and the silver powder material is conveyed to the The powder feeding channel in the laser cladding processing head is converged and transported into the spot-shaped molten pool on the surface of the copper substrate.

The powder feeding channel selected by the laser cladding processing head is one of the coaxial powder feeding type of the light powder or the bypass powder feeding type of the included angle of the light powder.

The copper substrate is made of red copper or copper alloy.

The technological parameters of the blue-ray laser cladding process are values within an interval range, and adjustments within the interval range can meet the technological requirements for preparing the silver layer.

In the second step, the thickness of the prepared silver coating is 0.3 mm-0.8 mm by adjusting the process parameters within the range.

The silver powder materials used to prepare the cladding silver coating include but are not limited to pure silver spherical powder materials, silver-copper alloy spherical powder materials or silver-based multi-element alloy spherical powder materials, wherein the selected spherical powder particle size range is 75 μm-150 μm, Huo The fluidity measured by the Seoul flow meter is better than 30s/50g.

An optical fiber connector is installed on the laser cladding processing head, an output optical fiber is installed on the optical fiber connector, an optical collimation module is integrated on the outer wall of the laser cladding processing head; one end of the head of the laser cladding processing head is installed There is an optical focusing module, the head of the optical focusing module is equipped with a protective lens module, and the head of the protective lens module is equipped with a cladding nozzle;

The motion mechanism is connected with the motion mechanism control cabinet for controlling its action, and the blue laser generator is connected with the laser water cooler for cooling it.

The present invention has following beneficial effect:

1. The present invention takes advantage of the high absorption rate of blue-ray band lasers by copper and silver materials, avoids the problems of heat input accumulation, pores, inclusions, etc. under the condition of low absorption rate and high energy density, and adopts suitable laser energy density in copper-based A slightly molten molten pool is formed on the surface of the material, and the airborne powder feeding device uses inert gas to gather the silver powder material into the molten pool to fully melt, sinter, and rapidly cool and solidify to form a silver coating that is metallurgically bonded to the surface of the copper substrate. , can realize modification treatment on the surface of copper substrate and improve the performance of copper substrate.

2. The present invention can improve the efficiency of laser cladding processing through the adjustment of the laser power and the moving speed of the moving mechanism in the process parameters; through the increase or decrease of the powder feeding amount per unit time or the adjustment of the cladding overlap rate and the number of cladding layers Control the thickness of the cladding layer.

3. The present invention adopts the blue-ray laser cladding process on the copper substrate to prepare the silver layer. The silver cladding layer prepared on the copper substrate has a smooth appearance, no inclusions, and pores; metallographic testing shows that the silver cladding The internal structure of the layer is uniform, and it is metallurgically bonded to the copper substrate, and there is no obvious interpenetration and diffusion phenomenon at the fusion line, indicating that the cladding process adopted has low heat input and low dilution rate for the copper substrate, and can be used on the copper substrate. The surface effectively reflects the performance of the silver cladding layer.

4. Copper, copper alloys, silver, etc. are high reflectivity and high thermal conductivity materials, and the laser absorption rate in the infrared band is extremely poor (the absorption rate of copper is less than 6%, and the absorption rate of silver is less than 3%). Excessively high laser energy input is mostly converted into heat in the case of low absorption rate, resulting in extremely high heat accumulation of the processed material, which affects the laser cladding molding effect, dilution rate and quality. Therefore, in view of the above technical difficulties, through Device and process optimization methods such as laser wavelength, silver powder material fluidity screening (spherical granulation and powder particle size screening), laser power, cladding moving speed, powder feeding amount, cladding overlap rate, powder feeding gas flow , shielding gas flow, etc., ensure the process stability of laser cladding silver layer on copper substrate, expand the process window, break through the difficulty of laser processing of metal materials with high reflectivity and high thermal conductivity such as copper and silver, and realize Laser cladding of silver on the surface of copper substrates with high-quality results.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the motion mechanism and the laser cladding head of the blue-ray laser cladding processing device according to the present invention when performing laser cladding processing.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the equipment layout of the blue-ray laser cladding processing device according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a photo of the effect of the silver cladding layer of the blue laser cladding process of the copper substrate treated by the process of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a photo of the polished silver cladding layer of the blue laser cladding process of the copper substrate processed by the process of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the metallographic structure of the silver cladding layer treated by the process of the present invention.

In the figure: 1 laser cladding processing head; 2 output optical fiber; 3 optical fiber connector; 4 optical collimation module; 5 optical focusing module; 6 protective lens group module; 7 cladding nozzle; Blue-ray laser generator; 11 motion mechanism control cabinet; 12 laser water cooler; 13 airborne powder feeder; 14 power supply.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with accompanying drawings 1-5, and the examples given are only for explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The drawings are all in simplified and imprecise form, and are only used for the purpose of conveniently and clearly illustrating the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the copper substrate 8 provided by the present invention includes but is not limited to copper or copper alloy materials; the motion mechanism 9 is a 6-axis high-precision industrial mechanical arm, and can also be a motion mechanism combined with a multi-degree-of-freedom motion module; The cladding nozzle 7 selected by the laser cladding processing head 1 is one of the laser powder coaxial powder feeding cladding nozzle or the laser powder angle bypass powder feeding cladding nozzle.

More specifically, the silver powder materials used to prepare the silver cladding layer by blue laser cladding on the copper substrate 8 include but are not limited to pure silver spherical powder materials or silver-copper alloy spherical powder materials, and can also be silver-based Multi-element alloy spherical powder material.

Example 1:

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the airborne powder feeder 13 provided by the present invention has a powder disc with an annular groove and variable speed rotation on the top, and the increase or decrease of the powder feeding amount can be controlled by adjusting the rotational speed of the powder disc. The specific implementation method is: adjust the increase or decrease of the powder feeding amount through the airborne powder feeder 13, or adjust the cladding overlap rate and the number of cladding layers through the trajectory programming of the motion mechanism 9, and then adjust and control the cladding layer The thickness; and then realize the adjustment and control of cladding layer thickness.

Example 2:

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the present invention provides a device for preparing a silver layer by blue-ray laser cladding on a copper substrate. The blue-ray laser generator 10 emits a laser beam, and the laser beam passes through the output The optical fiber 2 is connected and locked with the optical fiber joint 3 of the laser cladding processing head 1, and the laser beam is collimated and expanded through the optical collimation module 4 in turn, so that the processed laser beam can be aligned with the optical focusing module 5 Coordinated, it can be focused and irradiated on the surface of the copper substrate 8 and focused to form a spot-shaped molten pool, wherein the protective lens module 6 is to protect the rest of the optical modules or components inside the laser cladding processing head from the fume of the cladding process, Dust and other polluted consumables; during laser cladding processing, the airborne powder feeder 13 is provided with a flexible powder feeding pipeline connected to the cladding nozzle 7 of the laser cladding processing head, and the airborne powder feeder 13 is The silver powder material in the powder feeder is transported sequentially through the flexible powder feeding pipeline and the powder feeding channel of the laser cladding processing head to the spot-shaped molten pool formed by focusing on the surface of the copper substrate, and the moving mechanism 9 drives the laser cladding The processing head moves in orbit relative to the surface of the copper substrate, so that the silver powder material is fully melted and uniformly sintered on the surface of the copper substrate to form a silver coating metallurgically bonded to the surface of the copper substrate.

Example 3:

As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the present invention provides a method for preparing a silver layer by blue-ray laser cladding on a copper substrate, which can prepare a silver layer with a uniform structure on the copper substrate and is compatible with the copper substrate. A metallurgically bonded silver cladding layer comprising the steps of:

Step 1: Grinding the surface of the copper substrate to be processed to remove surface oxides, and cleaning and wiping to ensure that the copper substrate to be clad is fully clean;

Step 2: Use a blue light laser cladding processing device to prepare a silver coating on the copper substrate. The blue light laser wavelength is 450nm. The process parameters of the laser cladding are as follows: the laser power control range is 1000-1500W, and the powder feeding volume range of the silver powder material is 3 -- 4.5g/min, the flow rate of powder feeding gas is 10L/min; the flow rate of protective gas is 10L/min, the moving speed of the moving mechanism during cladding is 6-10mm/s, and the cladding overlap rate is 40-50%;

Step 3: Grinding the cladding silver cladding area on the copper substrate to the specified thickness and surface roughness.

Fig. 3 is the effect photo of the silver cladding layer of the blue light laser cladding process of the copper base material processed by the process of the present invention; Photo; Fig. 5 is the metallographic structure of the silver cladding layer processed by the process of the present invention, as can be seen from the metallographic structure, the silver cladding layer structure is uniform, and is metallurgically combined with the copper base material, without metallurgical defects, and the cladding quality high.

In the embodiment of the present invention, a silver layer is prepared on a copper base material by using a blue-ray laser cladding process. The copper base material can be copper or a copper alloy, and the silver powder material used is not limited to pure silver spherical powder. material or silver-copper alloy spherical powder material, or silver-based multi-component alloy spherical powder material; the thickness of the prepared silver cladding layer can be adjusted and controlled by the process method, which can be a single-layer silver cladding layer or a multi-layer silver cladding layer. A structure in which cladding layers are superimposed.

Claims (10)

1. A device for preparing a silver layer by blue-ray laser cladding on a copper substrate, characterized in that it comprises a blue-ray laser generator (10), a laser cladding processing head (1), an airborne powder feeder (13 ), a moving mechanism (9) and a power supply (14); the blue laser generator (10) emits a laser beam, and the laser beam is irradiated on the surface of the copper substrate (8) through the laser cladding processing head (1) and Focusing to form a spot-shaped molten pool; the airborne powder feeder (13) is connected with the powder feeding channel of the laser cladding processing head (1) by a flexible powder feeding pipeline, and the airborne powder feeder The silver powder material in (13) is transported sequentially through the flexible powder feeding pipeline and the powder feeding channel of the laser cladding processing head (1) into the spot-shaped molten pool formed by focusing on the surface of the copper substrate (8); the movement The mechanism (9) drives the laser cladding processing head (1) to move relative to the surface track of the copper substrate (8), so that the silver powder material is fully melted and uniformly sintered on the surface of the copper substrate to form a metallurgical Bonded silver cladding. 2. a kind of technology that blue light laser cladding process prepares silver layer on copper base material, it is characterized in that, described technique adopts a kind of method that blue light laser cladding process prepares silver layer on copper base material as claimed in claim 1 device, which specifically includes the following steps: Step 1, grinding the surface of the copper substrate (8) to be processed, removing surface oxides, and cleaning and wiping to ensure that the copper substrate to be clad is sufficiently clean; Step 2, using blue light, and preparing a silver coating on the copper substrate with the help of a blue light laser cladding processing device for preparing a silver layer; Step 3: Grinding the area where the silver coating is clad on the copper substrate to a specified thickness and surface roughness. 3. according to claim 2, a kind of process for preparing silver layer by blue light laser cladding processing on copper substrate, it is characterized in that, the processing parameters of blue light laser cladding processing in the described step 2 are as follows: blue light laser generator ( 10) The wavelength of the generated blue laser is 450nm±20nm, the laser power control range is 1000 W -1500W, the powder feeding range of silver powder material is 3 g/min - 4.5g/min, the powder feeding gas flow rate is 10L/min; the protective gas flow rate 10L/min, the moving speed of the moving mechanism (9) during cladding is 6mm/s-10mm/s, and the cladding overlap rate is 40%-50%. 4. A process for preparing a silver layer by blue-ray laser cladding on a copper substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that, the laser cladding processing head (1) is equipped with a coaxial powder feeding type of light powder Or the powder feeding channel of the light powder angle bypass powder feeding type, the silver powder material is transported to the powder feeding channel in the laser cladding processing head (1) through the powder feeding pipeline of the airborne powder feeder (13) channel, and then converging and transporting to the spot-shaped molten pool on the surface of the copper substrate. 5. A process for preparing a silver layer by blue-ray laser cladding on a copper substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that the powder feeding channel selected by the laser cladding processing head (1) is coaxial with light powder One of powder feeding type or light powder angle bypass powder feeding type. 6. A process for preparing a silver layer by blue-ray laser cladding on a copper substrate according to claim 2, wherein the copper substrate (8) is made of red copper or a copper alloy. 7. according to claim 3, a kind of technology that blue light laser cladding process prepares silver layer on copper base material, it is characterized in that, the technological parameter of described blue light laser cladding process is interval range value, in interval range The adjustment can meet the technological requirements for preparing the silver layer. 8. According to claim 3, a kind of process for preparing silver layer by blue light laser cladding processing on copper substrate, it is characterized in that, in said step 2, through the adjustment in the range of process parameters, the prepared silver coating The thickness is 0.3 mm -0.8mm. 9. According to claim 2, a kind of process for preparing silver layer by blue light laser cladding on copper substrate is characterized in that, the silver powder material used for preparing cladding silver coating includes but not limited to pure silver spherical powder material , Silver-copper alloy spherical powder material or silver-based multi-component alloy spherical powder material, wherein the selected spherical powder particle size range is 75μm-150μm, and the fluidity measured by the Hall flow meter is better than 30s/50g. 10. A process for preparing a silver layer by blue-ray laser cladding on copper substrates according to claim 2, characterized in that an optical fiber connector (3) is installed on the laser cladding processing head (1), and the optical fiber An output optical fiber (2) is installed on the joint (3), and an optical collimation module (4) is integrated on the outer wall of the laser cladding processing head (1); one end of the head of the laser cladding processing head (1) An optical focusing module (5) is installed, a protective lens module (6) is installed on the head of the optical focusing module (5), and a cladding nozzle (7) is installed on the head of the protective lens module (6); The motion mechanism (9) is connected with the motion mechanism control cabinet (11) for controlling its action, and the blue laser generator (10) is connected with the laser water cooler (12) for cooling it.

Images