CN111021962A - Roller cone drill bit and method of construction - Google Patents
Roller cone drill bit and method of construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN111021962A CN111021962A CN201911099695.2A CN201911099695A CN111021962A CN 111021962 A CN111021962 A CN 111021962A CN 201911099695 A CN201911099695 A CN 201911099695A CN 111021962 A CN111021962 A CN 111021962A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 52
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
- E21B10/20—Roller bits characterised by detachable or adjustable parts, e.g. legs or axles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
- E21B10/16—Roller bits characterised by tooth form or arrangement
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Abstract
The invention provides a roller cone bit and a construction method, the roller cone bit comprises a bit body, a roller cone and a plurality of groups of row teeth, wherein the roller cone is connected to the bit body through an offset bit leg shaft neck and is arranged to rotate relative to the bit body, and the peripheral wall of the roller cone is provided with a cone-shaped tooth distribution surface; the multiple groups of teeth are arranged on different warp lines of the conical tooth distribution surface, and each row of teeth comprises more than two teeth; in the process of landing a plurality of groups of row teeth in sequence, the center of the cone generates periodic displacement along the radial direction of the cone, so that the landed row teeth simultaneously generate cutting acting force along the direction of a tangential component and impact acting force along the direction of a radial component. In rolling operation, the invention realizes the orderly and regular landing of a plurality of groups of row teeth, and the center of the cone generates larger relative displacement in the radial direction, thereby having the advantages of high rock crushing efficiency and long service life of the cone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to a roller bit and a construction method of upper teeth of a roller.
Background
The drill bit is a rock breaking tool used for breaking rock and forming a shaft in a drilling process; at present, the roller cone adopted for rock excavation is derived from tooth arrangement modification of an oil tricone bit, namely, full tooth arrangement (rock leakage and tooth arrangement) is adopted, the structure of the roller cone is shown in figure 1, and the tooth arrangement principle is 'open distribution', 'uniform pressure point (operation point)' and 'no large rock ridge left in operation lip shape'.
For example, chinese patent application 201010158245.9 discloses a roller cone drill bit comprising: a bit body having a journal portion; a tapered portion rotatable relative to the bit body; a bearing portion located between the tapered portion and the journal portion; and a seal disposed between the tapered portion and the journal portion to seal the bearing portion, wherein the tapered portion includes a dressing surface in contact with a sidewall of the well, and the diamond composite is preferably disposed extensively and smoothly on the dressing surface.
For another example, chinese patent application 200410013335.3 discloses a single cone bit for use in the fields of oil drilling and geological exploration, which comprises a bit body and a cone, wherein the bit body is connected to the cone through a bit leg journal offset at the lower end of the bit body, the cone surface is composed of a main tooth distribution surface and at least one auxiliary tooth distribution surface, the main tooth distribution surface is a conical surface or a conical spherical surface, the auxiliary tooth distribution surface is a spherical surface or a conical surface, and teeth are embedded in both the main tooth distribution surface and the auxiliary tooth distribution surface.
Above-mentioned all adopt full cloth tooth structure among the prior art, the broken rock of cutting action is scraped to the extrusion of rock to the cutting teeth on mainly utilizing the gear wheel, and the cutting teeth on the gear wheel is scraped the rock with netted form in the shaft bottom, along with the requirement to tunnelling operating efficiency improves, full cloth tooth structure has hardly satisfied the user demand, and the defect that full cloth tooth's structural style exists mainly is: the teeth are distributed irregularly, so that the irregular teeth are landed out of order in the operation process, and the rock crushing efficiency by rolling is low; in the operation process, the phenomenon that a single tooth lands frequently occurs, too high pressure cannot be applied in the tunneling process, so that the tunneling efficiency is low, the tooth breakage phenomenon is easy to occur, and the service life of the cone is short; when a plurality of cones operate simultaneously, the cones cannot be located on the same track, and different operation tracks influence the construction efficiency and the service life of the cones.
Based on the structure, the application creatively provides a novel structure of the roller bit and a construction method of the teeth on the roller in the roller bit, so as to greatly improve the tunneling efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a roller bit and a construction method thereof, which realize the orderly and regular landing of a plurality of groups of row teeth in rolling operation, and the center of the roller generates larger relative displacement in the radial direction thereof, thereby having the advantages of high rock crushing efficiency and long service life of the roller.
A first object of the present invention is to provide a roller cone drill bit comprising a bit body, a roller cone and a plurality of sets of rows of teeth, wherein the roller cone is journalled to the bit body by means of offset legs and is arranged to be rotatable relative to the bit body, and wherein a tapered tooth flank is provided on a peripheral wall of the roller cone; the multiple groups of teeth are arranged on different warp lines of the conical tooth distribution surface, and each row of teeth comprises more than two teeth;
in the process of landing a plurality of groups of row teeth in sequence, the center of the cone generates periodic displacement along the radial direction of the cone, so that the landed row teeth simultaneously generate cutting acting force along the direction of a tangential component and impact acting force along the direction of a radial component.
In the technical scheme of the invention, a plurality of groups of row teeth are arranged on different warp lines of the conical tooth distribution surface, so that the sequential and regular landing of the plurality of groups of row teeth can be realized in the rolling operation process of the cone, and preferably, the teeth contained in each group of row teeth simultaneously land to strengthen the bearing capacity of the cone and be beneficial to improving the pressure of tunneling.
Furthermore, the contact rock and rock interaction rock breaking time of the teeth on the cone does not need to consider the shape of the cone during contact, and at least more than two teeth are in contact with the rock at any moment and generate acting force; in the scheme of the invention, the obvious improvement is obtained, meanwhile, based on the fact that at least more than two teeth are in contact with rocks in the whole tunneling process, the cone can bear higher drilling pressurizing force, compared with the fully distributed teeth, the pressure can be increased to two times of the originally used pressurizing force, and the increase of the pressurizing force is beneficial to the remarkable increase of the drilling efficiency.
Specifically, in the rolling process of the full-tooth roller cone, the roller cone continuously rolls to form rolling crushing on the surface of a rock, and the rock breaking mode is close to that of rock breaking only or only under static load, namely in the rolling rock breaking process of the roller cone, only cutting acting force is generated or only cutting acting force is generated nearly, and almost no radial impact acting force exists; because the distribution of the teeth is irregular and the teeth are not in sequence when being landed, the damage degree of the teeth is obviously different in a tunneling period of a plurality of teeth on the whole roller cone, part of the teeth are completely damaged, part of the teeth can be continuously used, the damage of a bit body can be quickly caused by the failure of a small number of teeth, the service life of the roller cone drill bit is further influenced, and the roller cone drill bit can only be replaced due to the manufacture process, so that the phenomenon of low resource utilization rate which cannot be fully used is caused.
In the technical scheme of the invention, a plurality of groups of row teeth are arranged on different warp yarns of the conical tooth distribution surface, preferably, a plurality of groups of row teeth are uniformly arranged on different warp yarns of the conical tooth distribution surface, namely, the spacing angles between adjacent row teeth are the same, and the service life of the roller bit can be prolonged by the uniformly distributed tooth distribution mode, so that the spacing for replacing the roller bit is saved, and the efficiency is further improved.
In the process that a plurality of groups of row teeth land on the ground in sequence, the center of the cone generates periodic displacement along the radial direction of the cone, the cutting acting force generated by the cone along the tangential component direction is used for scraping and cutting rock breaking, the impact acting force generated by the cone along the radial component direction is used for impacting and breaking the rock to the ground, after the impact rock breaking, on one hand, the efficiency of scraping and cutting the rock breaking can be improved, on the other hand, the damage of the teeth can be reduced, and the service life of the cone bit is prolonged while the rock breaking efficiency is improved.
The tooth in the invention can adopt the existing hard alloy tooth or PDC tooth, and can also be combined by using various teeth in special occasions, so that the defect of the existing full tooth distribution is eliminated by a designed tooth distribution mode on the basis of not specially designing the tooth, and the outstanding substantive specific and remarkable progress of the invention is embodied.
As another embodiment of the present invention, the teeth included in each row of teeth are arranged in a non-uniform manner on the same meridian of the cone.
One of the purposes of non-uniform arrangement in the scheme is to perform adaptive selective distribution according to the stress condition of the roller bit in the rolling process, and the preferred arrangement mode is that the distance between the teeth close to the cone top area of the roller is smaller, and the distance between the teeth close to the cone bottom area of the roller is larger.
Compared with a full-distribution tooth structure which can locally generate smaller impact acting force along the radial component direction, the full-distribution tooth structure can aggravate the damage of the tooth which lands on the ground by the impact acting force along the radial component direction in the single-tooth grounding process, so that the tunneling pressurizing force is limited; the reasonable tooth arrangement distribution structure is adopted in the scheme, the impact acting force in the radial component direction is better utilized, the tunneling stress born by the roller bit is increased on the basis of ensuring that the teeth are not damaged, and the tunneling efficiency is improved.
As another embodiment of the present invention, the number of teeth included between adjacent rows of teeth is different, and the number of teeth included between alternate rows of teeth is the same.
In this scheme, the different cloth tooth mode of quantity of the tooth that contains between the adjacent row of tooth, its main objective guarantees to be close to and can produce the impact displacement that is not less than 0.6mm between the regional tooth of the cone apex of cone, and then guarantees the effect of the impact effort that row tooth produced, improves the efficiency of broken rock.
As another embodiment of the invention, the included angle between the axis of the bit leg journal and the feed axis of the bit body is 40-60 degrees, thereby forming a scraping surface with good adaptability.
As another embodiment of the present invention, further comprising an impact device, the impact device comprising:
the movable shaft can extend and retract along the feeding axis of the bit body within a limited range, and the bit body is fixedly connected with the movable shaft;
an energy storage member for providing an axial force to the movable shaft, the energy storage member being arranged to be forced to deform when the movable bearing is subjected to an axial pressure;
when the row of teeth are collinear with the feeding axis of the bit body, acting force on the movable shaft is generated so as to compress the energy storage piece and deform the energy storage piece; when the row teeth are not collinear with the feeding axis of the bit body, the restoring of the energy storage piece generates reaction force to the movable shaft, and impact or impact displacement is generated to the row teeth.
The percussion device in this scheme, utilize the periodic displacement that roller bit self tooth arrangement mode produced, change the position of movable shaft, and when the movable shaft is in the high position, the extrusion energy storage spare, make it take place deformation storage energy (specifically elastic energy), in movable axial low order motion process, the energy storage spare resumes original shape, release energy, apply on the movable shaft, and then form the impact or the impact displacement of drill bit (including the gear wheel), finally directly apply on the section of scraping of broken rock through the row tooth, form the impact effect in the twinkling of an eye of dynamic load mode, improve the row tooth and along the effect of radial component direction impact effect, be favorable to broken rock.
In the prior art, for example, the roller cone composite drill bit with an impact cutting structure provided in chinese patent 201210155407.2 achieves an impact rock breaking effect on rock by providing a punch that works independently, and based on this, in this scheme, the periodic displacement generated at the center of the roller cone in the process of landing the ground in order of multiple groups of row teeth is reasonably utilized to achieve the impact rock breaking effect on rock, thereby improving the drilling efficiency.
After adopting the energy storage piece in this scheme, rationally utilize vibration, the phenomenon of beating in the rolling process to improve roller bit overall structure's stability, be favorable to prolonging its life of using.
Furthermore, the impact device further comprises a balance piece and a support, and the balance piece is detachably connected with the support;
the balance member is provided with a groove opening toward the movable shaft;
the movable shaft comprises a first shaft section and a second shaft section, the diameter of the first shaft section is larger than that of the second shaft section, the first shaft section is arranged to extend into the groove and limited through the support, and when the movable shaft bears axial pressure, the first shaft section can slide in the groove.
Furthermore, a check ring is arranged on the second shaft section, the energy storage piece is an annular deformation body which can be sleeved on the second shaft section, one end face of the energy storage piece is abutted against the support, and the other end face of the energy storage piece is abutted against the check ring.
The energy storage element can be made of spring, rubber, polyurethane and other equivalent deformable energy storage metals such as steel.
As another embodiment of the invention, the bit comprises at least two pairs of cutters, wherein the at least two pairs of cutters are located on the same circumference of the bit body, and the feed axis of the bit body is perpendicular to the circumference, and the cutters in the same pair are symmetrical to each other.
The scheme is the combined use of the cone, and aims to solve the problem that the existing full tooth distribution structure has different rails (different drilling tracks) in the use process, in the tunneling process of a drilling machine, the drilling machine adopts the common operation of 8-10 full tooth distribution structures, generally only rock breaking 40 prolonged meters can be scrapped, the rock breaking is about 10 centimeters per hour, the construction efficiency is very low, one of the reasons is that the teeth of a plurality of full tooth distribution cone bit are irregularly distributed and touch the ground in no order, the drilling tracks of all cone bit are different, the situations of some cone half-load work and some cone overload work are caused, and the damage of the cone bit is directly aggravated.
The teeth of the roller bit are distributed in a regular and orderly landing arrangement structure, when the roller bit is used in a combined mode, the drilling tracks of all the roller bits are the same, the load conditions of all the roller bits under the condition of the same track cooperative operation are the same, the roller bits can be protected, and the construction efficiency can be improved.
Preferably, the cones are arranged in pairs, the pairs of cones being symmetrical with respect to each other and the central extension axes of the pairs of cones coinciding with the feed axis of the bit body to form a more regular arrangement.
According to the invention, based on the arrangement mode of the teeth on the cone, the teeth are arranged on different warp lines on the tapered tooth distribution surface, so that the center of the cone generates periodic displacement along the radial direction of the cone in the process of landing a plurality of groups of row teeth in sequence, radial impact acting force is generated, rock breaking is assisted, and the whole tunneling efficiency is improved.
It is a second object of the present invention to provide a method of constructing teeth on a cone, wherein the cone is journalled to a bit body by a bit leg and is rotatable relative to the bit body, the method of constructing comprising arranging the teeth on the cone in a manner that:
and multiple groups of row teeth are arranged along the radial line of the cone, the multiple groups of row teeth which land in sequence generate periodic fall, and in the process that the adjacent row teeth land in sequence, the center of the cone can generate impact displacement along the radial direction of the cone, and the impact displacement value generated by the center of the cone is more than 0.6 mm.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the teeth are arranged along the longitude line of the cone to form row teeth, and the impact displacement generated by a plurality of groups of row teeth is controlled to be more than 0.6mm so as to complete the arrangement of the teeth on different cone diameters and length specifications, and select the number of proper row teeth; preferably, the number of conventional rows is 12 or more, and usually does not exceed 40; however, on oversized cones, more sets of rows of teeth may be provided.
Accordingly, based on the presence of a different number of arrangements of teeth contained between adjacent rows of teeth, the method of construction further includes arranging the teeth on the cone as follows:
the number of the row teeth is a multiple of 2, two adjacent groups of the row teeth form a pair, the distance between each pair of the row teeth can be the same or different, preferably, the distance between each pair of the row teeth is the same, so that more stable impact displacement is formed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the roller bit is provided with a plurality of groups of row teeth arranged along the warp direction, and the row teeth touch the ground for the first time to ensure that the center of the roller forms larger periodic displacement, generate radial impact acting force, assist in rock breaking and improve the integral tunneling efficiency;
more than two teeth are arranged in each group of row teeth, so that the phenomenon of single tooth landing is avoided, the service life of the teeth is prolonged, the drilling pressure of the roller bit can be increased, and the drilling efficiency is improved;
when the invention adopts a plurality of cones to be combined for use, the cones roll on the arc theoretical lip line, and all the cones are in the same orbit, thereby protecting the cones on one hand and improving the construction efficiency on the other hand;
the invention is provided with the impact device, changes the position of the movable shaft by utilizing the periodic displacement generated by the tooth arrangement mode of the roller bit, forms the impact or impact displacement of the teeth on the roller bit in the process of releasing energy by the pressure release of the energy storage piece, improves the rock breaking speed by the instant impact effect of the dynamic load, and is beneficial to rock breaking.
The tooth arrangement structure can generate an impact displacement value of more than 0.6mm, has a simpler structure compared with a mode of additionally arranging impact teeth and an impact structure, can achieve the same or even better impact rock breaking effect on rocks, and further improves the drilling efficiency.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art full tooth construction;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a roller cone drill bit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of teeth on a roller cone drill bit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a roller cone drill bit of the present invention in contact with rock;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a roller cone bit according to the present invention in two different positions;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a roller cone drill bit of the present invention in an assembled state, also showing the structure of the percussion device;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a drop measurement simulation of a full tooth cone in the prior art;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of FIG. 7 at display coordinates;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a drop measurement simulation of a roller cone bit in an equal drop angle manner according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is an enlarged view of the display coordinates of fig. 9.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A mono-cone drill bit includes a bit body 10, a cone 20, and a plurality of sets of rows of teeth 30.
The cone 20 is connected to the bit body 10 by an offset leg journal 40 and is configured to rotate relative to the bit body 10, wherein the angle between the axis of the leg journal 40 and the feed axis of the bit body 10 is α in the range of 40 ° to 60 °, such as shown in fig. 2 at an angle α of 50 °, and wherein the cone 20 rolls about its axis as the bit is operated while the cone 20 is rotated about its axis by the rotation of the bit body 10.
The cone 20 is in a frustum cone shape as a whole, the generatrix of the cone is an arc line, a cone tooth distribution surface 21 is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the cone 20, a plurality of groups of row teeth 30 are arranged on different meridians of the cone tooth distribution surface 21, each group of row teeth 30 comprises more than two teeth, so that the condition that a single tooth lands is avoided, and the damage to the teeth is reduced.
During landing of the plurality of sets of rows of teeth 30 in sequence, the center of the cone 20 is periodically displaced in the radial direction thereof, so that the landed rows of teeth 30 simultaneously generate a cutting force F in the tangential component direction1With impact force F in the direction of the radial component2As shown in FIG. 4, wherein F in FIG. 41In the tangential direction, F2In the warp direction.
The multiple groups of row teeth 30 are preferably uniformly arranged on different warp lines of the tapered tooth distribution surface 21, that is, the interval angles between adjacent row teeth 30 are the same, as shown in fig. 3, in such a tooth distribution manner, in a single rolling period (the roller cone 20 rolls for one circle), the load conditions of the row teeth 30 are approximately the same, which is beneficial to improving the service life of the whole roller cone drill bit.
During the operation of the cone 20, sequential landing between sets of rows of teeth 30 is achieved and the resulting displacement values are the same, resulting in sequential impacts that produce a cutting force F in the direction of the tangential component1Acting as scraping-cutting rock, with radial component of its productionDirectional impact force F2The impact rock breaking device is used for impacting and breaking rock on the ground surface, the efficiency of scraping and cutting the broken rock can be improved after the impact rock breaking, the damage of teeth can be reduced, and the service life of the roller bit is prolonged while the rock breaking efficiency is improved.
Accordingly, in other examples of the invention, the plurality of sets of rows of teeth 30 may be distributed in a non-uniform manner to achieve different radial displacements.
In the single cone drill bit of the present invention, the teeth included in each set of rows of teeth 30 are arranged on the same meridian of the cone 20 in a non-uniform manner, and the number of teeth included between adjacent rows of teeth 30 is different, and the number of teeth included between the spaced rows of teeth 30 is the same, as shown in fig. 3 and 5 to 6, and the following description will be made in detail by taking the example of providing sixteen sets of rows of teeth 30:
the sixteen groups of row teeth 30 are divided into four identical parts, that is, four adjacent groups of rows form a circulation region R, and the four groups of row teeth 30 in the circulation region are a first group of row teeth 30a, a second group of row teeth 30b, a third group of row teeth 30c and a fourth group of row teeth 30 d.
The number of the first set of row teeth 30a is three, the number of the second set of row teeth 30b is two, the number of the third set of row teeth 30c is three, the number of the fourth set of row teeth 30d is two, three teeth of the first set of row teeth 30a and three teeth of the third set of row teeth 30c are not completely on the same weft, and two teeth of the second set of row teeth 30b and two teeth of the fourth set of row teeth 30d are in one-to-one correspondence and are located on the same weft.
Further, three teeth in the first row of teeth 30a are arranged such that the middle teeth are closer to the teeth in the area of the cone apex to better withstand the impact force F2。
With the increase of the specification size of the cone 20, the number of the row teeth 30 can be correspondingly increased to twenty groups, twenty-four groups, twenty-eight groups, thirty-two groups and the like, and the iterative increase is performed by taking four as a base number, so that the requirement that the adjacent row teeth 30, particularly the teeth close to the cone top area of the cone 20, can generate the impact displacement L of not less than 0.6mm is met, and the impact acting force F generated by the row teeth 30 is ensured2The efficiency of rock breaking is improved.
Example 2
A combination roller cone drill bit, comprising two roller cone drill bits 50, a mounting seat 60 and an impact device 70, wherein the structure of the roller cone drill bit 50 and the distribution of teeth are shown in detail in embodiment 1, and are not described herein again, only to describe the structure of the roller cone drill bit 50 and the impact device 70 used in cooperation, and in a single roller cone drill bit 50, the impact device 70 may still be used, and specifically, the following structure may be referred to:
as shown in fig. 6, the impact device 70 includes a movable shaft 71, an energy storage member 72, a balance ram 73 (balance member), and a support 74.
The two roller bits 50 are oppositely arranged on the mounting seat 60, the bit body 10 in the roller bit 50 is parallel to the axis of the movable shaft 71, the movable shaft 71 is fixedly connected with the mounting seat 60, and the movable shaft 71 can extend and retract along the feeding axis of the bit body 10 within a limited range;
the balancing ram 73 is provided with a slot 73a opening towards the movable shaft 71, and a support 74 is detachably mounted on the balancing ram 73, on the one hand to provide space for the energy storage member 72 and on the other hand to retain the movable shaft 71.
The movable shaft 71 comprises a first shaft section 71a and a second shaft section 71b, the diameter of the first shaft section 71a is larger than that of the second shaft section 71b, the first shaft section 71a is arranged to extend into the groove 73a and is limited by the support 74, and when the movable shaft 71 is subjected to axial pressure, the first shaft section 71a can slide in the groove 73 a.
The second shaft section 71b is provided with a retaining ring 71c, the energy storage element 72 can be selected as a spring which can be sleeved on the second shaft section 71b, one end of the spring abuts against the support 74, the other end face of the spring abuts against the retaining ring 71c, and correspondingly, the support 74 can also be provided with a detachable stop ring 74a which is matched with the retaining ring 71 c.
The energy storage member 72 in this embodiment is capable of providing an axial force to the movable shaft 71, which is preferably tailored to the compressive forces that the roller cone bit 50 can withstand to achieve a higher impact effect.
The energy storage and release process of the impact device 70 of the present invention is described as follows: when the row of teeth 30 are in line with the feed axis of the bit body 10, a force is generated against the movable shaft 71 to compress and deform the energy storage member 72; when the row of teeth 30 roll out of alignment with the feed axis of the bit body 10, a reaction force is generated against the movable shaft 71 by the return of the energy storage member 72, thereby generating an impact or impact displacement against the row of teeth 30.
Along with the periodical rotation of the roller bit 50, the movable shaft 71 regularly compresses the springs to store energy and release the springs to generate impact load, and finally, the row teeth 30 form regular impact or impact displacement on the rock, so that the rock breaking is facilitated.
In this embodiment, the central extension axes of the cones in the pair of roller bits 50 are overlapped with the feed axis of the mounting seat 60 (which is also the feed axis of the movable shaft 71), so that the drilling tracks of the two roller bits 50 are the same, and the load conditions of the cones under the same track cooperative operation condition are the same, thereby protecting the cones and improving the construction efficiency.
Example 3
A method of constructing teeth on a roller cone for forming a roller cone bit of the construction of example 1, comprising arranging the teeth on the roller cone in a manner comprising:
the rows of teeth 30 are arranged along the radial line of the cone 20, the rows of teeth 30 which land in sequence generate periodic fall, and the center of the cone 20 can generate impact displacement along the radial direction of the cone during the process that the adjacent rows of teeth 30 land in sequence, and the impact displacement value generated by the cone is more than 0.6 mm.
The preferable specification and size of the cone is that the diameter of a cone bottom (large end) is 128mm, the diameter of a cone top (small end) is 44mm, the height of the whole cone is 80mm, the radius of an arc bus is 145mm, the included angle between the axis of a bit leg shaft neck 40 and the feeding axis of a bit body 10 is α to be 50 degrees, through arranging sixteen groups of teeth 30 and arranging the teeth according to an even distribution mode, seven latitude lines are uniformly distributed in the height direction, the crossing points of warps and wefts are used as tooth arrangement positions and the teeth are arranged in a staggered mode, so that a 2-3-2-3 regular tooth arrangement mode is formed on the warps, the impact displacement value which can be generated by the tooth arrangement mode is stabilized between 0.8mm and 1.2mm, and the tooth arrangement is slightly changed according to the specification of the selected teeth.
After simulation tests, as shown in fig. 7-10, the linear displacement value of the cone center of the cone obtained by adopting the tooth arrangement mode of the invention is stabilized at about 0.8mm-1.2mm, the linear displacement fluctuation of the cone center of the cone of the prior art with fully arranged teeth is large, the displacement value is stabilized at about 0.3mm when the cone is not mutated, and the maximum displacement value is generally between 0.6mm-0.65mm after mutation (the situation is that single tooth lands).
The invention can improve the second landing drop of the roller cone in a large range, and the impact displacement generated by the roller cone can provide an angular impact force so as to achieve the effect of assisting rock breaking and obviously improve the rock breaking and drilling efficiency.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention, and it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
Claims (10)
1. A roller cone drill bit, comprising:
a bit body;
a cone journalled to the bit body by an offset bit leg, the cone being configured to rotate relative to the bit body;
the cone has a tapered tooth flank; and
the gear comprises a plurality of groups of rows of teeth, wherein each row of teeth comprises more than two teeth;
wherein, a plurality of groups of the row teeth are arranged on different warp lines of the conical tooth arrangement surface;
during the landing of multiple groups of row teeth in sequence, the center of the cone generates periodic displacement along the radial direction of the cone, so that the landed row teeth simultaneously generate cutting acting force along the tangential component direction and impact acting force along the radial component direction.
2. The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, wherein the angle of separation between adjacent rows of teeth is the same.
3. A roller cone drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the teeth of each row of teeth are arranged in a non-uniform manner on the same meridian of the roller cone.
4. A roller cone drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the number of teeth contained between adjacent rows of teeth is different and the number of teeth contained between spaced rows of teeth is the same.
5. A roller cone drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the axis of the bit leg journal and the feed axis of the bit body is between 40 ° and 60 °.
6. The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, further comprising an impact device, the impact device comprising:
the movable shaft can be extended and retracted along the feeding axis of the bit body within a limited range, and the bit body is fixedly connected with the movable shaft;
an energy storage member for providing axial force to the movable shaft, the energy storage member being arranged to be forced to deform when the movable bearing is subjected to axial pressure;
when the row of teeth are collinear with the feeding axis of the bit body, acting force on the movable shaft is generated so as to compress the energy storage piece to deform the energy storage piece; when the row of teeth are not collinear with the feeding axis of the bit body, reaction force to the movable shaft is generated through restoration of the energy storage piece, and impact or impact displacement is generated to the row of teeth.
7. The roller cone drill bit of claim 6, wherein the percussion device further comprises a balance member, a seat, the balance member being removably coupled to the seat;
the balance piece is provided with a groove which is opened towards the movable shaft;
the movable shaft comprises a first shaft section and a second shaft section, the diameter of the first shaft section is larger than that of the second shaft section, the first shaft section is arranged to extend into the groove and limited by the support, and when the movable shaft bears axial pressure, the first shaft section can slide in the groove.
8. The roller cone drill bit of claim 7, wherein the second shaft section is provided with a retaining ring, the energy storage member is an annular deformable body capable of being sleeved on the second shaft section, one end face of the energy storage member abuts against the support, and the other end face of the energy storage member abuts against the retaining ring.
9. The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, comprising at least two pairs of said roller cones located on a same circumference of said bit body and having a feed axis of said bit body perpendicular to the circumference, wherein said roller cones of the same pair are symmetrical to each other.
10. A method of constructing teeth on a roller cone journalled to a bit body and rotatable relative to the bit body, the method comprising arranging the teeth on the roller cone such that:
and arranging a plurality of groups of row teeth along the radial line of the cone, wherein the plurality of groups of row teeth which land sequentially generate periodic fall, and in the process that the adjacent row teeth land sequentially, the center of the cone can generate impact displacement along the radial direction of the cone, and the impact displacement value generated by the cone is more than 0.6 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911099695.2A CN111021962B (en) | 2019-11-12 | 2019-11-12 | Roller cone drill bit and method of construction |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911099695.2A CN111021962B (en) | 2019-11-12 | 2019-11-12 | Roller cone drill bit and method of construction |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111021962A true CN111021962A (en) | 2020-04-17 |
| CN111021962B CN111021962B (en) | 2021-10-19 |
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| CN201911099695.2A Expired - Fee Related CN111021962B (en) | 2019-11-12 | 2019-11-12 | Roller cone drill bit and method of construction |
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| CN (1) | CN111021962B (en) |
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| CN1594825A (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2005-03-16 | 江汉石油钻头股份有限公司 | Cone single roller bit |
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| CN108442879A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-24 | 西南石油大学 | Split type drill with axial impact function |
| CN207879262U (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-09-18 | 成都锐钻钻头制造有限公司 | A kind of single-cone rotary drill bit of high service life |
| CN108756730A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-06 | 苏州新锐合金工具股份有限公司 | A kind of down-the-hole top hammer |
| CN108798525A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-13 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | The single-cone rotary drill bit of stack process |
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2019
- 2019-11-12 CN CN201911099695.2A patent/CN111021962B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1594825A (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2005-03-16 | 江汉石油钻头股份有限公司 | Cone single roller bit |
| CN102678050A (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-09-19 | 西南石油大学 | Gear-wheel composite drill bit with impact cutting structure |
| CN104612589A (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2015-05-13 | 西南石油大学 | Single cone bit based on non-planar combination PDC strengthened teeth |
| CN207879262U (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-09-18 | 成都锐钻钻头制造有限公司 | A kind of single-cone rotary drill bit of high service life |
| CN108442879A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-24 | 西南石油大学 | Split type drill with axial impact function |
| CN108798525A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-13 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | The single-cone rotary drill bit of stack process |
| CN108756730A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-06 | 苏州新锐合金工具股份有限公司 | A kind of down-the-hole top hammer |
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|---|---|
| CN111021962B (en) | 2021-10-19 |
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