CN102678050A - Gear-wheel composite drill bit with impact cutting structure - Google Patents
Gear-wheel composite drill bit with impact cutting structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有冲击切削结构的牙轮复合钻头，属于石油天然气、矿山工程、建筑基础工程施工、地质、水文等钻探设备用破岩工具领域，包括钻头体和牙轮切削结构，钻头体还设置有冲击切削结构，冲击切削结构包括传递冲击力的传力机构以及冲击切削齿，冲击切削齿固结在传力机构末端的冲头上，冲头能在冲击力传递方向上相对于钻头体做滑动或滑动冲击。与传统的牙轮钻头相比，本发明具有更高的破岩效率，及更长的钻头使用寿命，能有效降低钻井成本；尤其适用于较硬等难钻地层。
The invention discloses a roller cone composite drill bit with an impact cutting structure, which belongs to the field of rock-breaking tools for drilling equipment such as oil and gas, mining engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geology, and hydrology, and includes a drill bit body and a roller cone cutting structure. The body is also provided with an impact cutting structure. The impact cutting structure includes a force transmission mechanism for transmitting impact force and impact cutting teeth. The impact cutting teeth are fixed on the punch at the end of the force transmission mechanism. The bit body does sliding or sliding impact. Compared with the traditional roller cone bit, the present invention has higher rock-breaking efficiency and longer service life of the drill bit, and can effectively reduce the drilling cost; it is especially suitable for hard and difficult-drill formations.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to drilling equipments such as petroleum gas, mine engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geology, the hydrology and use the rock crushing tool field.
Background technology
Drill bit be in the drilling engineering in order to fractured rock, form the rock crushing tool of pit shaft.Tricone bit and percussion bit (also claiming to spin drill bit or bore bit) are the rock crushing tools of using always.
Tricone bit mainly breaks rock with the form of crushing (tooth is pressed into rock and causes catalase), suitable stratum wider range, but capacity usage ratio is not high, and efficiency of breaking rock is relatively low.Particularly when deep formation crept into, the cuttings hold-down effect in shaft bottom was fairly obvious under the high density drilling fluid action condition, and tooth is difficult to be pressed into the stratum and forms effectively fragmentation, and the drill bit rate of penetration is very limited.Bearing life is low to be one of the principal element in restriction tricone bit application life.Tricone bit needs big the pressure of the drill could guarantee higher efficiency of breaking rock, so the load amplitude of bearing is high, the operating principle that while gear wheel upper teeth replaces fractured rock must cause the axial or extensional vibration of drill bit, and bearing load by a relatively large margin fluctuates.Cone bit bearing is in the work under bad environment of down-hole in addition, and the life-span of bearing seal is difficult to ensure, so the bearing life of tricone bit is shorter relatively.
Percussion bit is the fixed teeth rock crushing tool that cooperates down-the-hole air hammer (being the down-the-hole hammer) to use in the rotary percussion drilling.Do not have moveable element on the percussion bit, fixed some can cover the cutting teeth that broken zone is treated in the shaft bottom on the bit body.Cutting teeth is mainly carbide alloy similar with the rock bit teeth patterning or the compound tooth of diamond.The crushing mechanism of the rock breaking mechanism of percussion bit and rock bit has significant difference.Percussion bit relies on the instant impact of its tooth to realize the fragmentation to bottom rock.The upper end of percussion bit is connecting down-the-hole air hammer; Down-the-hole air hammer is when work; Its block stamp moves back and forth under the effect of circulation of fluid (drilling fluid or gas circulation medium); Clash into drill bit or bore bit repeatedly, thereby for the contacted drill teeth of bottom rock pulsatile impact load to be provided, rock takes place under the instant impact effect of tooth broken.Because the shock loading of drill bit depends on down-the-hole air hammer; So; (these characteristics and rock bit have remarkable difference need not apply very big the pressure of the drill in the percussion bit course of work; Rock bit must be depressed at wammel could obtain higher efficiency of breaking rock), only need drill bit to be pressed in the shaft bottom and get final product with very little the pressure of the drill.Generally, percussion bit can be obtained higher efficiency of breaking rock when the particularly harder brittle formation of brittle formation is crept into.In addition, at the bigger easy tiltedly layer of stratigraphic dip, adopt percussion bit to creep into and help reducing hole deviation trend.But because percussion bit is the fixed teeth drill bit; When a small amount of cutting teeth damages inefficacy; It is responsible for broken well bottom zone can't be broken; This will influence the efficiency of breaking rock and the drilling ability of whole drill bit, and the inefficacy meeting of a small amount of cutting teeth causes the infringement of bit body very soon, and then influences the application life of drill bit.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: a kind of gear wheel composite drill bit that impacts cutting structure that has is provided; On the gear wheel step cutting structure bit, increase and impact cutting structure; Combined drill can improve efficiency of breaking rock under the synergy of impacting and crushing; Increase drilling life of bit, have tangible technical advantage in the bad ground particularly higher, that abrasiveness is stronger in intensity.
The object of the invention realizes through following technical proposals:
A kind of gear wheel composite drill bit (abbreviation composite drill bit) with impact cutting structure; Comprise bit body and be arranged on the gear wheel cutting structure on the bit body; Also be provided with the impact cutting structure on the said bit body; Impacting cutting structure comprises the force transmission mechanism that transmits impact force and impacts cutting teeth, and impact cutting teeth and be cemented on the terminal drift of force transmission mechanism, said drift can be done slip with respect to bit body or slide and impact on the impact force direction of transfer.
Particularly; Gear wheel-impact combined drill comprises bit body, gear wheel cutting structure, impacts cutting structure and hydraulic structure, also can comprise the beater mechanism that produces impact force, impacts cutting structure and comprises the force transmission mechanism that transmits impact force and impact cutting teeth; Force transmission mechanism comprises anvil body, dowel bar and the drift that connects successively; Form slip relatively between anvil body and the bit body, form relatively between dowel bar and the bit body and slide, or both allowed relative slip through the formation of swing slide block; Allow again to connect in relative rotation; Drift is connected the end of dowel bar, impacts cutting teeth and is cemented on the drift, and drift can be done slip with respect to bit body or slide and impact on the impact force direction of transfer.Said bit body is in order to adhere to, supporting or receiving drill bit gear wheel cutting structure, to impact the matrix of cutting structure and beater mechanism, also is the matrix of nozzle being installed, being formed the drill bit runner.The upper end of bit body (also be the circulation of fluid arrival end, be called for short arrival end) is provided with in order to connect the screw thread of drill string.The top of bit body is tubular structure, and its tube wall had both had the function of transmitting the pressure of the drill, also plays effect pipe is interior, that the pipe external space is isolated, and its endoporus space is used for being provided with the elements such as anvil body of force transmission mechanism, and beater mechanism also can be located therein.The bottom of bit body is mainly the matrix of gear wheel cutting structure, has offered hole or groove in order to hold dowel bar on it, has also offered the circulation of fluid spray-hole.Except the extending part of drift, impact cutting teeth and dowel bar, other part of impacting cutting structure all is positioned at the inner space of bit body, and installs from top to bottom according to the order of anvil body-dowel bar-drift.When composite drill bit comprised beater mechanism, top-down erection sequence was: beater mechanism-anvil body-dowel bar-drift, the impact force action that beater mechanism produces are passed to dowel bar, drift by the anvil body on the anvil body again.The upper surface of anvil body is the work plane of load of withstanding shocks, and the lower end is connected with dowel bar, can be to be slidingly connected, and also can be hinged (being that hinge connects), perhaps directly connection etc.When employing is slidingly connected, can slide relatively along contact surface between anvil body and the dowel bar; When adopting articulated manner to connect, can relatively rotate around hinged center between anvil body and the dowel bar.Drift is connected the other end of dowel bar with modes such as screw thread, interference fit, pin, welding, or constitutes an integral element with dowel bar.Drift, fixed impact cutting teeth and the dowel bar that matches on it constitute one and impact cutting unit, impact the quantity of cutting unit and can have only one, also several can be arranged.In same impact cutting unit, the quantity of dowel bar is one or more than one, and when the quantity of dowel bar during more than one, each dowel bar is connected in series each other, wherein has each other between the adjacent dowel bar of relative motion to be connected through the hinge.Between force transmission mechanism and the bit body and being connected or mounting means between each element of force transmission mechanism, make drift on the shock loading direction of transfer, do slip with respect to bit body.The gear wheel cutting structure is arranged on the bit body bottom, includes the wheel palm and gear wheel, and the wheel palm is fixed with bit body to be one, and gear wheel is installed on the axle journal of the wheel palm, forms with the wheel palm to be rotationally connected, and gear wheel is provided with the gear wheel cutting teeth.Hydraulic structure mainly comprises inside and outside runner of drilling well circulatory mediator, and the nozzle that is installed in the inner flow passage exit.On drill bit, also be provided with some auxiliary elements, be included as the location supporting positive cover that guarantees the correct operating position of anvil body and be provided with, and be elements such as the slide block realizing being provided with being connected between anvil body and the dowel bar, bearing pin, and potted component etc.
One of key of the present invention is: the gear wheel cutting structure combines with the impact cutting structure and constitutes the combined cut structure; Impact cutting teeth on the drift constantly impacts the shaft bottom with certain frequency under impact force action, cooperate the gear wheel cutting structure on the drill bit that the granulitization of rock is accomplished the fragmentation to bottom rock jointly.About gear wheel cutting structure and arrangement and the quantity of impact cutting structure on bit body, those skilled in the art combine prior art that numerous selections can be arranged under this specification teaches, and these technical schemes are all within protection domain of the present invention.
Two of key of the present invention is: drift can be done slip with respect to bit body or slide and impact on the impact force direction of transfer.Resultant effect is: the first, and the pressure of the drill that is delivered on the bit body by drill string can not be applied on the impact cutting teeth, thereby has avoided the impact cutting teeth continuing contingent quick wearing and tearing under big the pressure of the drill effect; The second, the pulsatile impact load of impacting cutting structure can not be delivered on bit body and even the drill string, the adverse effect of having avoided pulsatile impact load possibly cause the safety of bit body and even drill string; The 3rd, help the beater mechanism air defense to play the realization of function.About impacting the frame mode in order to realize that drift slides with respect to bit body on impact direction in the cutting structure; Those skilled in the art combine prior art that numerous selections can be arranged under this specification teaches, and these technical schemes are all within protection domain of the present invention.
Impact cutting teeth on the said impact cutting structure and the gear wheel cutting teeth on the gear wheel cutting structure can be hard-metal insert respectively, or do the hard-metal insert that the surface is strengthened with diamond.Profile of tooth as the hard-metal insert that impacts cutting teeth can be hemi-spherical ended shape insert, blunt conical-ended shape insert, chisel teeth, wedge crested chisel insert and scoop chisel insert, also can be the tooth with other shape of good impact rock breaking efficiency.
On force transmission mechanism (mainly being dowel bar) and slide plane that bit body matches, sealing device is set; Leakage and the fluid of avoiding circulation of fluid in the leakage process to the erosion of dowel bar, bit body, simultaneously because circulation of fluid is higher than outside the bit body at the pressure of bit body inner chamber; The external and internal pressure difference acts on force transmission mechanism; Generation is with the thrust of drift to extrapolation, and this thrust can make the cutting teeth on the drift press rock surface, helps improving the impact efficiency of breaking rock of cutting teeth.
The impact cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure can be arranged within the radially coverage of said gear wheel cutting structure gear wheel cutting teeth; Also can independently arrange the radially coverage overlaid of gear wheel cutting structure gear wheel cutting teeth (not with), or part is independent arranges.
As optimal way, the impact cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure and said gear wheel cutting structure gear wheel cutting teeth arrange that in radially overlapping covering the impact cutting teeth that impacts cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/3rd.
As optimal way, the impact cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure and said gear wheel cutting structure gear wheel cutting teeth arrange that in radially overlapping covering the impact cutting teeth that impacts cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/2nd.
As optimal way, the impact cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure and said gear wheel cutting structure gear wheel cutting teeth arrange that in radially overlapping covering the impact cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure is arranged within the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 2/3rds.
As optimal way, the impact cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure is arranged in drill bit radius 1/3rd with within the interior radial zone.
Also can be provided with anti-rotation structure on the said force transmission mechanism, rotate around the dowel bar axle in the course of the work to avoid drift.
Also can be provided with anti-drop structure on the said force transmission mechanism, under the extrapolability of drilling fluid, gravity etc. or pulling capacity effect, come off from drill bit to avoid drift and dowel bar.
As optimal way, the cutting teeth of said impact cutting structure adopts the hard-metal insert or the diamond composite hard alloy tooth of conisphere shape, sphere or wedge shape.
As optimal way, when said gear wheel-when the impact combined drill comprised beater mechanism, bit body adopted split-type structural, can beater mechanism and pairing bit body part thereof be separated from composite drill bit, constitute independent parts.This moment, bit body was formed by connecting impactor body that is provided with beater mechanism and the cutting structure body that is provided with gear wheel cutting structure and impact cutting structure; Beater mechanism is installed in the hollow part of impactor body, and the impactor body is used to hold, install beater mechanism.At this moment, composite drill bit just be divided into two on the function with make relatively independent part, the i.e. rock crushing tool of the impactor on top and bottom.The function of impactor just provides pulsatile impact power, and the function of rock crushing tool is transmitted impact force exactly, and implements the direct fragmentation to rock with the gear wheel cutting structure.Adopt split-type structural more to help the manufacturing and the use of composite drill bit, impactor parts and rock crushing tool parts can be made respectively, go into to fit together before well uses again.
For the gear wheel that comprises beater mechanism-impact combined drill, its course of work is:
Gear wheel-impact combined drill is connected the least significant end of drill string, goes into after the well, and drill bit moves closer to, arrives the shaft bottom.(when circulation of fluid was drilling fluid, driving arrangement was a borehole pump to start the circulation of fluid driving arrangement; When circulation of fluid be gas or when being mainly gas, driving arrangement is a gas compressor), make circulation of fluid in the inside and outside circulation of drill string.On drill bit, apply the pressure of the drill, the beginning rotary drilling, the cutting teeth on the bit cone cutting structure promptly begins broken bottom rock.Meanwhile, because drilling fluid has begun circulation, under the driving of drill string inner loop fluid; Beater mechanism is started working; Apply the pulsatile impact load of certain frequency scope continuously to the anvil body, shock loading is passed to dowel bar through the anvil body, is passed to drift again; Finally be applied to and impact on the cutting teeth, thereby realize impacting the fragmentation of cutting structure bottom rock.After circulation of fluid flows through beater mechanism, flow out from bit port or nozzle through inner flow passage again, accomplish the cooling cutting teeth, clean drill bit, bottom-hole cleaning and cutting carring function.Although the gear wheel cutting structure carries out with the broken rock work of impacting cutting structure separately, rock breaking mechanism also has nothing in common with each other, and each other useful influencing each other can take place.Combined drill is the main cutting structure with the gear wheel cutting structure usually, and impacting cutting structure is the assisted machining structure.Gear wheel cutting structure on the composite drill bit just is equivalent to a common rock bit, and the key of its efficiency of breaking rock is that cutting teeth is to the granulitization of rock on the gear wheel.If the increase crushing effect can only increase the pressure of the drill usually, and the increase of the pressure of the drill is limited, and increase wearing and tearing and the fatigue failure that the pressure of the drill can aggravate the gear wheel cutting teeth, the application life of reducing the gear wheel inner bearing, thereby the working life of reduction drill bit.The essence of technical scheme of the present invention is exactly on the gear wheel step cutting structure bit, to introduce to impact cutting structure, and this technical scheme can promote the efficiency of breaking rock and the cutting teeth working life of gear wheel cutting structure significantly.The gear wheel cutting structure mainly is pressed into the stratum by force through the cutting teeth on the gear wheel and forces catalase, and promptly with the broken rock of the mode of extruding, it need be pressed into power greatly.Impact cutting structure and rely on the pulsatile impact load fractured rock of impact cutting teeth to the rock certain frequency, the respective regions in the shaft bottom forms broken one by one hole or is pressed into the hole, under the direct help of impacting cutting structure, can improve the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit.And the process of impacting the cutting structure fractured rock need not apply the pressure of the drill basically.Therefore, the broken rock drilling effect in the time of can being issued to no beater mechanism in relatively little the pressure of the drill effect during big the pressure of the drill, less the pressure of the drill can slow down the wearing and tearing and the damage of gear wheel cutting teeth, and improves the bearing working life-span, thereby prolongs drilling life of bit.
In the impact cutting structure of composite drill bit, bear each element (comprising anvil body, dowel bar, drift and cutting teeth etc.) of pulsatile impact load and can on the shock loading direction of transfer, do slip or the impact of sliding with respect to bit body.Like this, in the normal drilling process of drill bit, impact cutting structure and do not bear the pressure of the drill, also the do not withstand shocks pulsatile impact load of cutting structure of gear wheel cutting structure from drill string and bit body.These characteristics both can have been avoided damage or the adverse effect of pulsatile impact load to gear wheel cutting structure cutting teeth, bearing, bit body and even upper drilling string, also can avoid impacting cutting teeth because of continuing to bear the quick wearing and tearing that big work the pressure of the drill causes.In addition, these characteristics are also beaten function for the air defense that realizes composite drill bit necessary condition are provided.Being lowered in the process of drill bit; Because the effect of gravity and circulatory mediator inside and outside differential pressure; Impacting anvil body, dowel bar, the drift in the cutting structure and impact cutting teeth can be together to lower slider one segment distance; The impact cutting teeth is protruded in outside the gear wheel cutting structure cutting teeth envelope contour face, and impacting the residing position of cutting structure this moment is that the position is beaten in air defense, on this position; The air defense of beater mechanism sets meter can make the impact hammer in the beater mechanism stop the hammering to the anvil body, to realize the no-load protection of impact cutting structure.Move closer at drill bit, when arriving the shaft bottom, outstanding impact cutting teeth at first contacts the shaft bottom, further in place along with drill bit then, the said elements that impacts in the cutting structure is retracted to normal operation position gradually.When drill bit after the shaft bottom is fully in place, drill bit begins rotary drilling, impacts cutting structure and begins to carry out to break normally rock work with the gear wheel cutting structure.When carrying drill bit on the needs when (as pulling out of hole or the continued access drill string),, opposite with going down process along with the rising gradually of bit location; Gear wheel cutting structure on the drill bit at first leaves the shaft bottom, still keeps contacting with bottom rock and impact cutting teeth, simultaneously; The downward slippage of impacting in the cutting structure of the relative bit body of aforementioned other related elements is beaten the position until arriving air defense; After this impact the cutting teeth load that no longer withstands shocks, break away from the shaft bottom then, rise with other part of drill bit.
For the gear wheel that does not comprise beater mechanism-impact combined drill, the course of work that produces pulsatile impact load is no longer accomplished by composite drill bit, accomplishes and change by impactor.In addition, all the other courses of work are identical with the course of work of the gear wheel that comprises beater mechanism-impact combined drill.Gear wheel-impact the combined drill that does not comprise beater mechanism is not the drill bit of a telotism, must with the use of just going into the well after the supporting installation of corresponding impactor.In fact the composite drill bit of this moment is exactly the rock crushing tool parts of split type gear wheel-impact combined drill.When concrete the use, generally should earlier supporting impactor and composite drill bit be linked together (impactor is connected on the composite drill bit), and then the impactor that combines, composite drill bit be connected the drill string end.After installing, the use of can going into the well.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) there is tangible lack of uniformity in the live load of each gear ring (the broken rock amount that each tooth is on average born on the gear ring) on the gear wheel cutting structure; The broken speed of ring belt area, the pairing shaft bottom of the gear ring that live load is bigger is relatively slow; The average amplitude of tooth load is just higher, and the rate of wear of tooth is also very fast.Generally, the inferior live load that effluxes gear ring of each gear wheel will be apparently higher than other gear ring, and the failure conditions of tooth (mainly be wearing and tearing, collapse tooth, fracture, fall tooth etc.) is also serious than other gear ring usually.Impact cutting teeth on the impact cutting structure can play the effect of the big gear ring fractured rock of direct help live load, promptly helps improving the drill bit efficiency of breaking rock, can make the tooth on the gear wheel trend towards wearing and tearing or sync fail synchronously again.
The process of (2) impacting the cutting structure fractured rock need not apply the pressure of the drill basically, therefore, can be issued to the broken rock drilling effect when not having big the pressure of the drill when impacting cutting structure in relatively little the pressure of the drill effect.The wearing and tearing and the damage that reduce to slow down the gear wheel cutting teeth of the pressure of the drill improve the bearing working life-span simultaneously, and then prolong drilling life of bit.
(3) under normal conditions, rock bit cone shell when work is directly not contact with rock.Yet in (like the borehole diameter at combined drilling operating mode and shaft bottom place obviously under the situation greater than bit diameter) under some special operation condition, drill bit regular meeting is departing from the broken rock of rotation under the well center conditions.This moment, each gear ring of drill bit changed to the coverage condition in shaft bottom; The shaft bottom drill teeth might occur and be difficult to effectively broken zone; The rock in difficult broken zone can directly contact, rub with cone shell; Not only reduce the drill bit efficiency of breaking rock, more serious is possibly directly cause worn out, the fracture of cone shell.Through the impact cutting teeth in the reasonable Arrangement composite drill bit, can effectively alleviate even stop the generation of this phenomenon, improve the service behaviour of drill bit under this type complex work condition.
(4) force transmission mechanism in the composite drill bit can be done slip with respect to bit body on the shock loading direction of transfer; Resultant beneficial effect is: first; The pressure of the drill that is delivered on the bit body by drill string can not be applied on the impact cutting teeth, thereby has avoided impacting cutting teeth in the quick wearing and tearing that continue under big the pressure of the drill pressure holding; Second; The pulsatile impact load of impacting cutting structure can not be delivered on bit body and even the drill string; The do not withstand shocks pulsatile impact load of cutting structure of gear wheel cutting structure, this can be avoided damage or the adverse effect of pulsatile impact load to gear wheel cutting structure cutting teeth, bearing, bit body and even upper drilling string; The 3rd, help the beater mechanism air defense to play the realization of function.
(5) centre of common rock bit has an inner cone zone usually; Composite drill bit can be provided with the impact cutting structure in this zone; At the bottom of the tapered well of protuberance under the impact force action that impacts cutting teeth volumetric fracture takes place more easily; The catalase speed in centre, shaft bottom is significantly accelerated, thereby promotes the raising of drill bit efficiency of breaking rock.
(6) can cover all composite drill bits of (or near all) radial zone of shaft bottom for the gear wheel cutting structure, when beater mechanism or impact cutting structure because a variety of causes causes losing efficacy or during inefficiency, the gear wheel cutting structure still can work alone.These characteristics of composite drill bit are superior to conventional percussion bit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention, and composite drill bit does not comprise beater mechanism, has 2 gear wheels, and 2 covers impact cutting unit, the alternate layout of gear wheel and drift.
Fig. 2 is that composite drill bit shown in Figure 1 is from the view (vertical view) of cutting structure end when tip side is seen.
Fig. 3 does the impact cutting structure cross-sectional schematic after part is dissectd to composite drill bit shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 4 is the decomposing schematic representation (for showing the relation of installation, bit body 1 having been carried out horizontal subdivision from the middle part) to composite drill bit shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 5 is the structural principle sketch map that is provided with anvil body supporting positive cover between anvil body of the present invention and the bit body, and supporting positive cover works to set upright the location to the anvil body.
Fig. 6 is that anvil body of the present invention is set upright positioning principle sketch map (anvil body 323 contacts with the endoporus hole wall of bit body 1, forms matched in clearance, realizes the location of setting upright of anvil body) when not having supporting positive cover.
Fig. 7 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/3rd.
Fig. 8 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/2nd.
Fig. 9 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in drill bit radius 2/3rds with exterior domain.
Figure 10 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in drill bit radius 1/3rd with inner region.
Figure 11 is the composite drill bit drape tooth figure radially when impacting cutting teeth and being arranged in except that bit central with whole radial extension the zone such as fraction such as grade, rule footpath.
Figure 12 is the force transmission mechanism principle schematic of structure shown in Figure 1, and in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar, and dowel bar and anvil body form and be slidingly connected (sliding pair).
Figure 13 is the principle schematic of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present invention; In this force transmission mechanism; Impact in the cutting unit 2 dowel bars are arranged; One of them dowel bar (one) is fixedly connected (or for integral structure) with drift, another dowel bar (two) is connected (formation revolute pair) through hinge with the anvil body, between 2 dowel bars also through hinge be connected (formation revolute pair).
Figure 14 is the principle schematic of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present invention, and in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar; Dowel bar and anvil body are connected through the hinge; Be provided with the swing slide block between dowel bar and the bit body, swing slide block and dowel bar are hinged, and swing slide block and bit body are slidingly connected; Be to have formed and both allow relative slip through the swing slide block between dowel bar and the bit body; Allow again to connect in relative rotation, dowel bar and drift be bit body slip relatively both, also can rotate around the center of rotation of swing slide block.
Figure 15 is provided with the swing slide block between dowel bar and the bit body of force transmission mechanism shown in Figure 14, and the swing slide block is hinged with dowel bar, the structural representation when swinging slide block and bit body and being slidingly connected.
Figure 16 is the principle schematic of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present invention, and in this force transmission mechanism, drift is fixedly connected with dowel bar; Dowel bar and anvil body are connected through the hinge; Be provided with the swing slide block between dowel bar and the bit body, swing slide block and dowel bar are slidingly connected, and swing slide block and bit body are hinged; Dowel bar and drift be bit body slip relatively both, also can rotate around the center of rotation of swing slide block.
Figure 17 is the structural representation of a kind of force transmission mechanism of the present invention, and in this force transmission mechanism, drive link and drift are fixed, and the impact direction that impacts cutting structure is parallel to the drill axis direction.
Figure 18 is an impact cutting teeth of the present invention sketch map when adopting diamond to do the hard-metal insert of strengthening on the surface.
Figure 19 comprises beater mechanism, and the composite drill bit structural representation when adopting integral structure.
Figure 20 comprises beater mechanism, and adopts the composite drill bit structural representation of split-type structural.
Figure 21 is for preventing that drift and dowel bar from rotating, the structural concept sketch map when between dowel bar and bit body, adopting spline to be connected.
Figure 22 comes off the structural concept sketch map when on dowel bar and bit body, being provided with the slip-off preventing step for what prevent drift and dowel bar etc.
Figure 23 is that composite drill bit is in the structural representation of air defense when beating the position.
Wherein: 1, bit body, 12, bit body slip-off preventing step, 2, the gear wheel cutting structure, 21, the gear wheel cutting teeth, 22, gear wheel; 3, impact cutting structure, 31, impact cutting teeth, 311, carbide alloy, 312, the diamond enhancement Layer, 32, force transmission mechanism; 321, drift, 322, dowel bar, 323, the anvil body, 324, supporting positive cover, 325, sealing ring; 328, swing slide block, 3221, dowel bar (), 3222, dowel bar (two), 3223, dowel bar slip-off preventing step, 33, beater mechanism; 331, block stamp, 41, runner, 42, nozzle, 5, the impactor parts; 51, impactor body, 52, the impactor block stamp, 6, the cutting structure parts, 61, the cutting structure body.
The specific embodiment
Following non-limiting examples is used to explain the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Like Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, Fig. 7, Figure 12 and shown in Figure 180; A kind of gear wheel composite drill bit with impact cutting structure; Comprise bit body 1, the hydraulic structure that bit body 1 is provided with gear wheel cutting structure 2, impacts cutting structure 3 and be made up of runner 41 and nozzle 42, gear wheel cutting structure 2 includes gear wheel cutting teeth 21; Impacting cutting structure 3 comprises the force transmission mechanism 32 that transmits impact force and impacts cutting teeth 31; Force transmission mechanism 32 comprises drift 321, dowel bar 322 and anvil body 323, and impact cutting teeth 31 is cemented on the drift 321 of force transmission mechanism 32 ends, and drift 321 can be done slip with respect to bit body 1 on the impact force direction of transfer.Composite drill bit does not comprise beater mechanism, has 2 gear wheels, and 2 covers impact cutting unit, gear wheel 22 and drift 321 alternate layouts.Be provided with sealing device (like the sealing ring 325 between dowel bar among Fig. 3 322 and the bit body 1) between bit body 1 and the force transmission mechanism 32.Gear wheel cutting teeth 21 can be hard-metal insert respectively with impact cutting teeth 31, or does the hard-metal insert that the surface is strengthened with diamond, and other similar teeth applicable to the various types of materials on the drill bit.Hard-metal insert has good impact toughness, and price is lower, and the application of hard-metal insert can also reduce cost when making the bit cutting tooth have better impact toughness.It is good that diamond is done the hard-metal insert abrasion resistance of strengthening on the surface, and cutting teeth has strengthened abrasion resistance when guaranteeing better impact toughness.Shown in figure 18, the impact cutting teeth 31 on the drift 321 adopts diamond to do the hard-metal insert that the surface is strengthened.The profile of tooth of impacting cutting teeth 31 can be blunt conical-ended shape insert, chisel teeth, hemi-spherical ended shape insert, wedge crested chisel insert and scoop chisel insert, also can be the tooth with other shape of good impact rock breaking efficiency.The impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 can be arranged within the radially coverage of gear wheel cutting teeth 21 of gear wheel cutting structure 2, also can independently arrange the radially coverage overlaid of gear wheel cutting structure cutting teeth (not with), or part is independent arranges.As preferably, impact cutting teeth 31 and arrange in radially overlapping covering with gear wheel cutting teeth 21, the cutting teeth that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged within the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/3rd (as shown in Figure 7); Generally; The drill bit heart portion broken task amount in zone is less and be easy to fragmentation, and heart portion is relatively large with the broken task amount of exterior domain, and cutting teeth wearing and tearing and damage want fast than heart portion; Therefore; Area arrangements impact cutting teeth helps the fragmentation of corresponding region rock beyond heart portion, and slows down the wearing and tearing of gear wheel cutting teeth, makes the tooth on the gear wheel trend towards wearing and tearing or sync fail synchronously.Drift 321 on the impact cutting structure 3 is fixed each other with dowel bar 322 to be a fixing integral body, and dowel bar 322 and anvil body 323 are slidingly connected (mechanism principle figure is shown in figure 12).
Embodiment 2:
Present embodiment and embodiment 1 are basic identical; Its difference is: be provided with anvil body supporting positive cover 324 (shown in Figure 5) between anvil body 323 and the bit body 1; Or directly process the surface that forms matched in clearance with bit body 1 endoporus on the anvil body 323, realize the relative slip between anvil body and bit body and set upright location (as shown in Figure 6).
Embodiment 3:
Present embodiment and the foregoing description are basic identical; Its difference is: certain or each impact that dowel bar has two in the cutting unit; The characteristics of motion of two dowel bars has nothing in common with each other, and has relative motion each other, and one of them dowel bar (one) 3221 is fixedly connected with drift 321; Another dowel bar (two) 3222 is hinged with anvil body 323, is connected through the hinge between two dowel bars (shown in figure 13).Far away and its impact direction greatly the time, adopts two dowel bars that are hinged to be easier to realize the transformation of impact direction and the transmission of impact force with the drill axis angle from bit central when drift 321.
Embodiment 4:
Present embodiment and the foregoing description are basic identical, and its difference is: the impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged within the radial extension beyond the drill bit radius 1/2nd (as shown in Figure 8).
Embodiment 5:
Present embodiment and embodiment 4 are basic identical, and its difference is: the impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged within the radial extension beyond the drill bit radius 2/3rds (as shown in Figure 9).Generally; The live load of (the particularly zone beyond the drill bit radius 2/3rds) cutting teeth is big more more outward on the drill bit radius region; Cutting teeth wearing and tearing or regional faster than the heart portion more tooth of speed that damages; On this zone, arrange and impact cutting teeth, can also reduce its rate of decay when this zone gear wheel cutting teeth efficiency of breaking rock is improved, thereby prolong the application life of bit cutting tooth.
Embodiment 6:
Present embodiment and the foregoing description are basic identical, and its difference is: the impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged in drill bit radius 1/3rd with (shown in figure 10) within the interior radial extension.The centre of drill bit has an inner cone zone usually; When in the big stratum of the high fragility of hardness, creeping into; Near the drill bit heart portion zone impact cutting teeth is set; Under the percussion of impacting cutting teeth, be easier to the brittle crush (being volumetric fracture) of heart portion rock, help improving the drill bit drilling efficiency.
Embodiment 7:
Present embodiment and the foregoing description are basic identical, and its difference is: the impact cutting teeth 31 that impacts cutting structure 3 is arranged in except that waiting in the whole radial extension the fraction zone (shown in figure 11) in bit central and rule footpath.In the bad ground high in intensity, that plasticity is big; All be furnished with the impact cutting teeth in the whole radial extension of drill bit; Can in whole radial zone, strengthen the rock breaking capacity of drill bit; Improve the efficiency of breaking rock of gear wheel cutting teeth in the whole radial extension, and then improve the efficiency of breaking rock of composite drill bit in this kind bad ground.
Embodiment 8:
Present embodiment and the foregoing description are basic identical; Its difference is: drift 321 is fixedly connected with dowel bar 322, and dowel bar 322 is connected with anvil body 323 hinges, is provided with swing slide block 328 between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1; Swing slide block 328 is hinged with dowel bar 322; Swing slide block 328 is slidingly connected (like Figure 14 and shown in Figure 15) with bit body 1, has promptly formed and both allows relative slip through swinging 328 of cunnings between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1, allows again to connect in relative rotation; Dowel bar 322 and drift 321 both bit body 1 slip relatively also can rotate around the center of rotation of swing slide block 328.When the impact direction of drift 321 and drill bit shaft when angle is big, the introducing of swing slide block 328 can make the transmission of impact force more smooth and easy.
Embodiment 9:
Present embodiment and embodiment 8 are basic identical; Its difference is: shown in figure 16; Swing slide block 328 is slidingly connected with dowel bar 322; Swing slide block 328 is hinged with bit body 1, and dowel bar 322 and drift 321 both bit body 1 slip relatively also can rotate around the center of rotation of swing slide block 328.The effect of present embodiment and embodiment 8 are basic identical.
Embodiment 10:
In the present embodiment, the impact direction of said impact cutting structure is parallel to the drill axis direction.Shown in figure 17, with this understanding, transmission mechanism 32 need not labyrinth, only needs drive link 322 fixed drifts 321 to get final product.Other technologies scheme those skilled in the art can be under feasible prerequisite independent assortment in the manual technical scheme or other embodiment.
Embodiment 11:
Present embodiment and the foregoing description are basic identical, and its difference is: composite drill bit comprises beater mechanism 33, and beater mechanism 33 is integral structure (shown in figure 19) with bit body.The impact force that beater mechanism 33 is produced during drill bit work acts on the anvil body 323 of force transmission mechanism 32 through the block stamp on the beater mechanism 33 331.Integral structure makes that the composite drill bit internal construction is compacter, reliability is higher.
Embodiment 12:
Present embodiment and embodiment 11 are basic identical; Its difference is: bit body 1 adopts split-type structural; Be formed by connecting impactor body that is provided with beater mechanism 51 and the cutting structure body 61 that is provided with gear wheel cutting structure 2 and impact cutting structure 3; The hollow part that beater mechanism is installed in impactor body 51 forms impactor parts 5, and gear wheel cutting structure 2, impact cutting structure 3 and cutting structure body 61 constitute cutting structure parts 6 (shown in figure 20).The impact force that impactor parts 5 are produced during drill bit work acts on the anvil body 323 of force transmission mechanism through the block stamp on the beater mechanism 52.Adopt split-type structural to help the manufacturing and the use of composite drill bit, impactor parts and rock crushing tool parts can be made respectively, go into to fit together before well uses again.
Embodiment 13:
In the present embodiment, for preventing the rotation of drill bit when work dowel bar 322 and drift 321 grades, between drift 321 and the bit body 1 or (and) be provided with anti-rotation structure between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1.Shown in figure 21, spline is set between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1 connects, rotate around the dowel bar axle in the course of the work to avoid dowel bar 322 and drift 321 grades.
Embodiment 14:
In the present embodiment, for preventing coming off of dowel bar 322 and drift 321 grades, between drift 321 and the bit body 1 or (and) be provided with anti-drop structure between dowel bar 322 and the bit body 1.Shown in figure 22, on dowel bar 322 and bit body 1, be respectively arranged with slip-off preventing step 3223 and 12, come off from drill bit under the pulling capacity effect in order to avoid dowel bar 322 and drift 321 grades.
Embodiment 15:
In the present embodiment, for prevent that drill bit is lowered in the process or on block stamp is to the hammering of anvil body 323 when carrying drill bit, composite drill bit is provided with air defense knotting structure.Shown in figure 23; When drill bit does not contact the shaft bottom; Because the effect of gravity and circulation of fluid inside and outside differential pressure; Impact anvil body 323, dowel bar 322, the drift 321 in the cutting structure 3 and impact cutting teeth 31 and can impact cutting teeth 31 protruded in outside the envelope contour face of gear wheel cutting structure cutting teeth 21, impact cutting structure 3 residing positions this moment and beat the position for air defense together to lower slider one segment distance.On this position, the air defense of beater mechanism sets meter can make the jump bit in the beater mechanism stop the hammering to the anvil body, to realize the no-load protection of impact cutting structure.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to restriction the present invention, all any modifications of within spirit of the present invention and principle, being done, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind has the gear wheel composite drill bit that impacts cutting structure; Comprise bit body (1) and be arranged on the gear wheel cutting structure (2) on the bit body (1); It is characterized in that: said bit body (1) also is provided with and impacts cutting structure (3); Impacting cutting structure (3) comprises the force transmission mechanism (32) that transmits impact force and impacts cutting teeth (31); Impact cutting teeth (31) and be cemented on the terminal drift (321) of force transmission mechanism (32), said drift (321) can be done slip with respect to bit body (1) or slide and impact on the impact force direction of transfer.
2. a kind of gear wheel composite drill bit that impacts cutting structure that has according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said bit body (1) also is provided with the beater mechanism (33) that produces impact force and transmitted impact force by said force transmission mechanism (32).
3. a kind of gear wheel composite drill bit that impacts cutting structure that has according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: said bit body (1) adopts split-type structural; Be formed by connecting impactor body (51) that is provided with said beater mechanism and the cutting structure body (61) that is provided with said gear wheel cutting structure (2) and impacts cutting structure (3), beater mechanism is installed in the hollow part of impactor body (51).
4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of gear wheel composite drill bits that impact cutting structure that have, it is characterized in that: be furnished with said impact cutting teeth (31) in the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/3rd.
5. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of gear wheel composite drill bits that impact cutting structure that have, it is characterized in that: be furnished with said impact cutting teeth (31) in the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 1/2nd.
6. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of gear wheel composite drill bits that impact cutting structure that have, it is characterized in that: be furnished with said impact cutting teeth (31) in the radial zone beyond the drill bit radius 2/3rds.
7. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of gear wheel composite drill bits that impact cutting structure that have, it is characterized in that: drill bit radius 1/3rd is to be furnished with said impact cutting teeth (31) in the interior radial zone.
8. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of gear wheel composite drill bits that impact cutting structure that have; It is characterized in that: said force transmission mechanism (32) comprises anvil body (323), dowel bar (322) and the drift (321) that connects successively; Form relatively between anvil body (323) and the bit body (1) and slide; Form relatively between dowel bar (322) and the bit body (1) and slide, or both allowed relative slip, allow again to connect in relative rotation through swing slide block (328) formation; Said drift (321) is connected the end of dowel bar (322), or constitutes an integral element with dowel bar (322).
9. a kind of gear wheel composite drill bit that impacts cutting structure that has according to claim 8; It is characterized in that: in same impact cutting unit; The quantity of dowel bar is one or more than one; When the quantity of dowel bar during more than one, each dowel bar is connected in series each other, wherein has each other between the adjacent dowel bar of relative motion to be connected through the hinge.
10. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of gear wheel composite drill bits that impact cutting structure that have; It is characterized in that: gear wheel cutting teeth (21) on the said gear wheel cutting structure (2) and the impact cutting teeth (31) that impacts on the cutting structure (3) can be hard-metal insert respectively, or do the hard-metal insert that the surface is strengthened with diamond.
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| CN201210155407.2A CN102678050B (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | A kind of have the gear wheel composite drill bit impacting cutting structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210155407.2A CN102678050B (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | A kind of have the gear wheel composite drill bit impacting cutting structure |
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| CN102678050B CN102678050B (en) | 2015-10-28 |
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| CN103089153A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2013-05-08 | 西南石油大学 | Wide-tooth cone composite drill bit |
| WO2013170788A1 (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-11-21 | 西南石油大学 | Combination scraping and impacting drill bit |
| CN108360979A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-03 | 西南石油大学 | Split type single-cone rotary drill bit |
| CN108442879A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-24 | 西南石油大学 | Split type drill with axial impact function |
| CN108442886A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-24 | 西南石油大学 | Split type tricone bit |
| CN108571290A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-09-25 | 西南石油大学 | Split type drill with torsional pulse function |
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| CN111021962A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-04-17 | 源石机械科技承德有限公司 | Roller cone drill bit and method of construction |
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| CN111411898A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-07-14 | 西南石油大学 | a composite drill |
| CN111411899A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-07-14 | 西南石油大学 | A PDC bit with self-impacting capability |
| CN111411898B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2023-06-09 | 西南石油大学 | A composite drill bit |
| CN113418783A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-21 | 中铁二院昆明勘察设计研究院有限责任公司 | Surrounding rock strength testing device, system and testing method thereof |
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