CN110984989A

CN110984989A - Mining method of steeply inclined medium-thickness ore body

Info

Publication number: CN110984989A
Application number: CN201911134969.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 雍伟勋; 曹平; 张向阳; 王凯; 牛经明; 林奇斌; 刘文连; 眭素刚; 姬琦; 董涛; 赵庆雄; 罗新飏; 邓慧娟
Original assignee: China Nonferrous Metals Industry Kunming Survey And Design Institute Co ltd; Central South University
Current assignee: China Nonferrous Metals Industry Kunming Survey And Design Institute Co ltd; Central South University
Priority date: 2019-11-19
Filing date: 2019-11-19
Publication date: 2020-04-10
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-19
Also published as: CN110984989B

Abstract

The invention discloses a mining method of a steeply inclined medium-thickness ore body, which belongs to the technical field of underground mining and comprises the steps of ore block dividing, mining engineering, rock drilling and ore removal and the like.

Description

Mining method of steeply inclined medium-thickness ore body

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and particularly relates to a mining method of a steeply inclined medium-thickness ore body.

Background

In western regions of China, a metal mine belongs to a steep medium-thickness ore bed, the wall rock property on an ore body is weaker than the wall rock property under the ore body, the surrounding rock stability is better, and for the ore deposit, the requirements of various mining technical conditions such as ore removal efficiency, dilution loss rate and the like are difficult to meet in the traditional mining aspect. The depletion loss rate of the stope is high when the traditional open stope method is used for mining, and the mining efficiency is low. When mining by the caving method, the collapse area is seriously damaged in a plurality of natural protection areas on the earth surface. When the traditional filling method is used, the technical and economic indexes are low and the profit is low due to the filling cost and the mine scale. The invention provides a mining method of a steeply inclined medium-thick ore body, which aims to solve the problems of low recovery rate and low mining efficiency of the traditional open stope method and enrich the mining method of the medium-thick ore body in China.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a mining method for the steeply inclined medium-thickness ore body, which can realize the efficient recovery of resources, has low stoping cost, advanced technology, safety and reliability.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the mining method of the steeply inclined medium thick ore body is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, dividing ore blocks: when the thickness of the ore body is less than 20m, dividing the ore body into ore blocks along the direction of the ore body, wherein the height of each ore block is 50-80m, the width of each ore block is 50-80m, and when the thickness of the ore body is more than 20m, the ore blocks can be divided in a mode of being vertical to the direction of the ore body; the ore blocks are divided into sections, and the section height is 10-15 m. The inclined special-shaped top (bottom) column is arranged according to the surrounding rock properties of the upper wall and the lower wall of the ore body so as to enhance the stability of the top (bottom) column and improve the recovery rate of the top (bottom) column. The thickness of the top (bottom) pillar is determined according to stress conditions and the yield strength of the ore pillar, and the contact surface is comprehensively determined according to the property of the upper wall rock, the bearing stress and the strength because the strength of the upper wall rock is weaker. Meanwhile, 5-10m disk area wall columns are reserved between the disk areas and used for enhancing the mining stability of the disk areas.

Step 2, mining engineering: tunneling a vein-following haulage roadway on the lower plate of an ore body, excavating an ore drawing chute, a personnel material connecting well and a sectional connecting channel at the end part of an ore block, excavating an ore removal connecting channel from the personnel material connecting well, excavating an ore removal approach from the ore removal connecting channel to the ore body, excavating a bottom-drawing trench rock drilling channel along the trend of the ore body, excavating a bottom-drawing cutting raise at intervals of 10-15m, forming a bottom-drawing space after blasting, excavating a sectional rock drilling channel from the sectional connecting channel, excavating a cutting raise and a cutting cross channel upwards, and reaching each section so as to drill blast holes and charge, excavating a return air channel at the end part of the personnel material connecting well and communicating with a previous middle section.

Step 3, rock drilling and ore removal: and (3) backward mining is carried out by the ore body hanging wall, upward fan-shaped blast holes are drilled from the inside of each subsection rock drilling ore removal gallery and the inside of the trench gallery to the inside of the subsection ore room, the upward fan-shaped blast holes are blasted, and the ore of the caving ore room falls into a bottom ore removal route through a goaf of the ore room and is transported to a drop shaft port by a scraper.

As a further improvement of the invention, the step 4 of stoping and filling the chamber after ore removal: the stope is stoped by adopting a mode of stoping from the upper tray to the lower tray, and the stope after stoping can be filled by adopting a full tailings cemented filling mode.

After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.

1. The invention optimizes the bottom pillar and the support of the traditional mining method, increases the stress area of the top plate of the upper tray, changes the top bottom into the vertical upper tray and the vertical lower tray, is more favorable for stress transmission, greatly reduces the mining loss rate while improving the stability of the optimized top (bottom) pillar structure, greatly improves the non-ferrous metal recovery rate and the resource utilization rate, and has obvious economic benefit.

2. The invention has the advantages of high safety performance of route-entering type mining, high mechanization degree of mining process, large production capacity and the like, and simultaneously, the subsequent filling can be considered to ensure the safety of the earth surface.

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention to its proper form. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a right side view B-B of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is a top view of C-C of fig. 1.

In the figure: 1-a vein-following transport lane, 2-a chute, 3-a communication lane, 4-a segmented communication lane, 5-a ore removal communication lane, 6-an ore removal route, 7-a bottom-pulling trench rock drilling lane, 8-a bottom-pulling cutting raise, 9-a segmented rock drilling lane, 10-a cutting raise, 11-a cutting cross lane, 12-a panel wall column, 13-a top (bottom) column and 14-an air return channel.

It should be noted that the drawings and the description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but to illustrate it by a person skilled in the art with reference to specific embodiments.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example one

Taking a copper ore in a certain area of Yunnan as an example, the average inclination angle of the copper ore body is 55 degrees, the thickness of the middle part of the ore bed is about 20-50m on average, the continuity is better, the coefficient f of the ore body is larger, the stability is better, the lithology of the upper surrounding rock on the ore body is weaker than that of the lower surrounding rock of the ore body, and as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the mining method of the steeply inclined middle-thick ore body comprises the following specific steps:

step 1, dividing ore blocks: dividing the ore body into ore blocks along the trend of the ore body, wherein the height of each ore block is 50m, and the width of each ore block is 50 m; the ore blocks are divided into sections, and the section height is 10-15 m. According to the surrounding rock properties of the upper wall and the lower wall of the ore body, the inclined special-shaped top (bottom) column 13 is arranged to enhance the stability of the top (bottom) column 13 and improve the recovery rate of the top (bottom) column 13. Meanwhile, 5-10m of panel wall columns 12 are reserved between the panels and used for enhancing the mining stability of the panels.

Step 2, mining engineering: the method comprises the steps of excavating a vein-following haulage roadway 1 on the lower wall of an ore body, excavating an ore-drawing chute 2, a personnel material connecting well 3 and a subsection connecting channel 4 at the end part of an ore block, excavating an ore-drawing connecting channel 5 from the personnel material connecting well, excavating an ore-drawing route 6 from the ore-drawing connecting channel to the ore body, excavating a trench-drawing rock-drilling channel 7 along the trend of the ore body, excavating a trench-drawing cutting raise 8 upwards every 10-15m, excavating a trench-drawing cutting raise 9 from the subsection connecting channel 4 after blasting to form a trench-drawing space, excavating the trench-drawing cutting raise 10 and a cutting cross drift 11 upwards, and reaching each subsection so as to drill blast holes and charge. The end part of the personnel material communication well 3 is provided with an air return duct 14 communicated with the upper middle section;

step 3, stage deep hole construction of the chamber: constructing deep holes by using a DL-2720 deep hole trolley, wherein the deep holes of the chamber adopt fan-shaped medium-length holes, the row spacing is 1.5m, and the hole bottom spacing is 1.8-2 m;

step 4, stoping and filling of a stope: stoping is carried out on the stope by adopting a mode of retreating from the upper tray side of the ore body to the lower tray side of the ore body, and the stope after stoping is filled in a full-tailing cemented filling mode.

The traditional method has the advantages that the size of the top pillar and the size of the bottom pillar are large, and the mining loss rate is high. After the method is adopted, the middle section is completely subjected to the extraction process, the recovery of the top column and the bottom column is good, the problems of difficult extraction and low recovery rate of the top column and the bottom column are well solved, the recovery rate of the top column and the bottom column of the ore body reaches over 70 percent, about 50 ten thousand tons of copper ore with the recovery grade of 2.3 percent is recovered in total, and the economic benefit is about 5000 ten thousand yuan.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. a mining method of steeply inclined medium-thick ore body, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

Step 1. Divide the ore blocks: divide the ore body into ore blocks along the ore body trend, and set up inclined and special-shaped top (bottom) columns (13) and top (bottom) columns ( The thickness of 13) is determined according to the stress conditions and the yield strength of the pillar, and the contact surface of the top (bottom) pillar (13) is comprehensively determined according to the lithology, bearing stress and strength of the upper wall; at the same time, 5-10m disks are reserved between the panels. Area pilasters (12) for enhancing the mining stability of the panel area;

Step 2. Precise mining project: excavate the vein-based transport roadway (1) in the bottom wall of the ore body, excavate the ore-drawing chute (2), the personnel and material contact well (3) and the sectioned contact channel (4) at the end of the ore block. The personnel and material liaison shaft is to excavate the ore outgoing road (5), and the ore outgoing road (6) is excavated from the ore outgoing liaison road to the ore body. 15m upward to excavate the bottom-cutting patio (8), after blasting to form a bottom-pulling space, excavate the segmented rock drilling tunnel (9) from the segmented connection road (4), and excavate the cutting patio (10) and the cutting sideway (11). ), to reach each subsection so as to drill the blasthole charge, and the end of the personnel and material contact well (3) is excavated and connected to the return air duct (14) of the upper middle section;

Step 3. Rock drilling and mining: mining from the upper wall of the ore body in a backward and backward manner, drilling upward fan-shaped blastholes from the rock drilling and digging tunnels of each subsection into the mine house of this subsection, and blasting upwards Fan-shaped blasthole, the caving mine ore falls into the bottom ore outlet through the goaf of the mine house, and is transported by the scraper to the chute mouth.

2. the mining method of a kind of steeply inclined medium-thick ore body according to claim 1 is characterized in that, step 1 is: dividing ore blocks, when the thickness of ore body is less than 20m, dividing the ore body along the direction of the ore body into The ore block, the height of the ore block is 50-80m, and the width of the ore block is 50-80m. When the thickness of the ore body is greater than 20m, the vertical ore body trend can be considered to divide the ore block; the ore block is divided into sections, and the section height is 10-15m; The surrounding rock lithology of the upper wall and the lower wall shall be set up with inclined special-shaped top (bottom) columns (13). The properties, bearing stress and strength are comprehensively determined; meanwhile, 5-10m panel pilasters (12) are reserved between the panels to enhance the mining stability of the panels.

3. the mining method of a kind of steeply inclined medium-thick ore body according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises step 4: mine house adopts the mode of withdrawing mining from upper wall to lower wall to carry out mining, and the ore that has been mined is recovered. The house can be filled with full tailings cement filling.