CN108104869A - A kind of continuous stoping method of mining by the way of filling of gently inclined medium thick orebody - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a continuous mining and filling mining method for a gently inclined medium-thick ore body, which belongs to the technical field of mining. In this method, the gently inclined medium-thick ore body is divided into segments along the vertical direction, and the ore body is divided into mining units. The ore body in the mining unit is divided into strips along the strike, and the adjacent strips are left with intercolumns along the strike of the ore body. , excavate a ramp in the intercolumn, and excavate the stope roadway respectively along the ramp. The strip in the same mining unit is divided into 6 one-step stopes and 6 two-step stopes, and the stopes in the same recovery unit are mined at intervals, and the first-step stope is mined first, and it is filled. After the maintenance reaches the specified time, the second-step stope is recovered. After all the ore bodies of several adjacent mining units have been mined and the stope is filled, the inter-pillars, top security pillars and bottom security pillars between the recovery units are mined. The invention has high mechanization degree, large production capacity, high ore recovery rate, low loss rate and good safety.

Description

A Continuous Stopping and Filling Mining Method for Gently Inclined Medium-thick Orebody

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a continuous back mining and filling mining method of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body.

Background technique

With the gradual consumption of mineral resources, mines are gradually developing towards deep mining. Deep mining is faced with conditions such as high well depth, high temperature and high pressure, and its mining costs will greatly increase. In order to improve the mining level of mines, more and more mines have begun to develop towards intelligent mining, requiring large-scale and efficient mining of ore bodies to reduce mining costs; and gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies are difficult to mine. Therefore, It is necessary to seek a continuous stop and fill mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies in order to realize safe, economical and efficient mining of mines.

The mining methods of a large number of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies mainly adopt the layered filling method, the segmented empty field and subsequent filling method, and the room-and-pillar method. When the layered filling method is used to mine gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, rock drilling, blasting and ore extraction cannot be performed at the same time. The operation front is long, the production capacity is low, and the utilization rate of equipment is low. The segmented open-field and subsequent filling method has the advantage of large production capacity, but the mining boundary of the ore body is difficult to control, the loss rate is high, and a large number of ore exit routes need to be excavated, and the mining and cutting engineering volume is relatively large. The room-and-pillar method is a relatively traditional mining method. When the room-and-pillar method is used to mine gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, the production capacity is low, and a large number of unrecoverable ore pillars need to be left, the ore loss rate is high, and the roof is easy to Collapse occurs, which is detrimental to the safe production of mines.

In order to improve the mining efficiency of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies and improve the safe working environment for underground production, a continuous backfilling mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies has been invented, which has large production capacity, high degree of mechanization, and high ore recovery rate. With low loss rate and good safety, it can realize continuous mining and filling of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a continuous mining and filling mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. The method has the advantages of large production capacity, high degree of mechanization, and It has the characteristics of low loss rate, high production efficiency and good safety.

The method specifically includes the following steps:

(1) Acquisition and cutting:

The gently inclined medium-thick ore body is divided into mining units, and the ore body in the mining unit is divided into strips along the strike, and inter-pillars are left between two adjacent belts along the strike of the ore body. The strip is divided into one-step stope and two-step stope, and every 12 stopes are used as a recovery unit, and the slope bend and the slope straight are excavated in the intercolumn, and the mining is excavated along the slope bend and the slope straight respectively. The stope connecting roadway is connected with the first-step stope and the second-step stope respectively, and the stope connecting roadway connects the upper stratified stope of the left strip of the intercolumn and the lower stratified stope of the right strip of the intercolumn respectively. Stratified stope; excavate the ramp and the chute connecting roadway in the curved part of the ramp, and excavate the chute in the middle of the spiral ramp bend. , the vein-piercing roadway is connected with the middle transportation roadway; the top security ore pillar and the bottom security ore pillar are respectively reserved at the top and bottom of the mining unit;

(2) Mining and filling:

The one-step stope and the second-step stope in the same mining unit are respectively mined at intervals from bottom to top. After the first-step stope in the recovery unit has been mined, the filling will be completed. When the filling body finally sets and reaches the self-supporting time, then The two-step stopes in the recovery unit are recovered sequentially. When the first-step stope and the second-step stope in the same recovery unit are all recovered, and the filling body reaches the final setting, the inter-column in the middle of the adjacent recovery unit is recovered. ;

The mining of each stope is divided into two layers, the upper layer is the cut top layer, and the slope bend and the slope straightway connect the upper layer stope and the lower layer stope respectively, starting from the upper layer to cut the top layer The roof is cut, and the ore is extracted by an automatic scraper. The ore is transported from the stope contact roadway to the slope bend or the slope straightway, and then transported to the slope road and the chute connection roadway to the mining area through the slope bend or the slope straightway. Then the roof of the stope is supported by bolts and anchor cables; after the mining of the upper layer is completed, the cutting groove is drawn with a deep hole at the top of the strip. After the cutting groove is formed, the upper layer stope is cut downward The middle and deep holes are then charged and blasted, and the ore is transported to the mining area through the stope connecting roadway, the slope bend and the slope straight road, the slope road and the slip shaft connection roadway, and the ore is lowered into the mining area through the slip shaft The electric locomotive on the piercing roadway is transported to the main shaft of the mining area through the middle transportation roadway;

When the stopes of several adjacent mining units are all mined, they will be filled, and the filling body will be finally set and then the inter-column mining will be carried out. The ore pillars are recycled.

Among them, the inter-pillars are recovered by the room-and-pillar method. First, point columns are set to support the void area. Finally, the void area is uniformly closed at the end of mining, and then filled with a paste with a lime-sand ratio of 1:20 to 1:24. When reclaiming the top security pillar and the bottom security pillar, first brush a large segmented roadway in the width direction, and then use the segmented roadway as a rock drilling roadway to construct a fan-shaped medium-deep hole with a stable roof When the performance is not good, the anchor cables are constructed at intervals, the blasting is carried out in a backward manner, and the retaining wall is filled by masonry in sections.

The width of the first-step stope and the second-step stope is 8-12m, the length is 100-160m, and the width of the inter-column is 30-50m.

The ramp curve and the ramp straight are arranged in a spiral shape, the slope of the ramp curve and the ramp straight is 10-20%, and the turning radius of the ramp is 15m.

Different mining units are mined at the same time, and the mining and filling of the stope of the same mining unit are continuously operated at the same time.

A three-core arch roadway with a width and height of 4.5m for the connecting roadway of the stope, the connecting roadway between the ramp and the chute, the bend of the ramp, and the straight road of the ramp.

Each production area chute serves 1 recovery unit.

The beneficial effects of above-mentioned technical scheme of the present invention are as follows:

In the present invention, the gently inclined medium-thick ore body is divided into mining units, and the mining units are arranged along the ore body tendency, and each mining unit is further divided into strips, and inter-columns are left between adjacent strips along the ore body trend. In the recovery unit, the strip is divided into one-step stope and two-step stope; the strips in the same recovery unit need to be mined at intervals, and multiple one-step stopes can be continuously mined at the same time; different The strips of the mining unit are mined at the same time, and the mining and filling can be carried out at the same time without interfering with each other. Continuous mining or filling can be carried out, with a high degree of mechanization and large production capacity.

The invention divides the stope into upper and lower layers. The upper layer adopts large-scale rock drilling equipment for excavation, and adopts bolts and anchor cables to support the roof. The lower layer adopts medium and deep hole blasting. The ore is transported out of the machine, which can realize the mechanized continuous mining of the ore body in the mining unit. It has a large production capacity and good production safety.

The invention divides the stope in the mining unit into a one-step stope and a two-step stope. After the stope is recovered, the goaf is filled with paste filling technology, and the cement content of the first-step stope filling body is relatively high , The cement content of the stope filling body in the second step is relatively low, the filling effect is good, and the filling cost is low.

Most of the segmented roadways, mining area slopes, and stope connecting roadways of the present invention are arranged in the ore body, and the scraper excavates the ore in the stope, and there is no need to dig a series of ore-exiting routes. few.

The invention supports the roof of the upper layer, the roof of the stope is relatively stable, and the mining boundary of the stope is well controlled. After the ore recovery of the mining unit is completed, the inter-column, the top security pillar and the bottom security pillar are recovered. Low loss rate and high ore recovery rate.

Therefore, the present invention has the characteristics of high degree of mechanization, large production capacity, less mining and cutting engineering, high ore recovery rate, low loss rate and good safety. Mining of 16m gently inclined medium-thick ore body.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the application of the continuous mining and filling mining method of the gently inclined medium-thick ore body of the present invention to a certain mining unit;

Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of A-A direction in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the direction B-B in Fig. 1 .

Among them: 1—segmented roadway; 2—stope connecting roadway; 3—slope bend; 4—connecting roadway between slope and shaft; 5—slope; 6—column; 7—straight slope of slope; Ore pillar; 9—bottom security pillar; 10—two-step stope; 11—one-step stope; 12—upper layer stope; 13—lower layer stope; 14—bolt and anchor cable support; 15—medium-deep hole; 16—piercing roadway; 17—connecting roadway between piercing and chute; 18—transportation roadway in the middle section; 19—caving ore body.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will describe in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

The invention provides a continuous back mining and filling mining method of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body.

As shown in Figure 1, the method is carried out as follows:

(1) Acquisition and cutting:

The gently inclined medium-thick ore body is divided into mining units, and the ore body in the mining unit is divided into strips along the strike, and a space column 6 is left between two adjacent belts along the strike of the ore body, in which the same mining unit The inner strip is divided into a one-step stope 11 and a two-step stope 10, and every 12 stopes are used as a recovery unit, and the ramp bend 3 and the ramp straight 7 are excavated in the intercolumn 6, along the ramp 3 The stope connecting roadway 2 is respectively excavated with the slope road straight road 7, and the stope connecting roadway 2 is connected with the first-step stope 11 and the second-step stope 10 respectively, and the stope connecting roadway 2 is respectively connected with the left side of the inter-column 6 The upper stratified stope 12 and the lower stratified stope 13 of the strip on the right side of the inter-column 6; excavate the ramp and the chute connecting roadway 4 in the ramp 3 part, and excavate the chute 5 in the middle of the spiral ramp 3, The lower part of the chute 5 is connected to the piercing tunnel and the chute connecting lane 17, and the piercing tunnel and the chute connecting lane 17 are connected to the piercing tunnel 16, and the piercing tunnel 16 is connected to the middle transport tunnel 18; Ore pillar 8 and bottom security ore pillar 9;

(2) Mining and filling:

The first-step stope 11 and the second-step stope 10 in the same recovery unit are mined at intervals from bottom to top, and the first-step stope 11 in the recovery unit is all backed and filled. When the filling body is finally set, it will reach self-supporting time, and then sequentially recover the two-step stope 10 in the recovery unit, and when the first-step stope 11 and the second-step stope 10 in the same recovery unit are all recovered, and the filling bodies all reach the final setting, then recover the adjacent The intercolumn 6 in the middle of the mining unit;

The mining of each stope is divided into two layers, the upper layer is the cut top layer, the slope bend 3 and the slope straight 7 connect the upper layer stope 12 and the lower layer stope 13 respectively, from the upper layer The top layer of the layer is cut and the roof is cut, and the ore is extracted by an automatic scraper. The ore is transported from the stope connecting roadway 2 to the ramp bend 3 or the ramp straight 7, and then passes through the ramp bend 3 or the ramp straight 7 to The inclined road and the chute connection roadway 4 are transported to the chute 5 in the production area, and then the stope roof is supported by bolts and anchor cables 14; After forming, cut down the medium-deep hole 15 in the upper stratified stope 12, then charge and blast the medium-deep hole 15, pass through the stope connecting roadway 2, the ramp bend 3 and the ramp straightway 7, the slope The ore is transported to the chute 5 in the mining area through the connecting roadway 4 of the road and the chute, and the ore is lowered to the electric locomotive on the passageway 16 through the chute 5, and then transported to the main chute of the mining area through the middle transportation lane 18;

When the stopes of several adjacent mining units have all been mined, they will be filled, and after the final setting of the filling body, the intercolumn 6 will be mined. Bottom security pillar 9 reclaims.

Example

The ore body in the southeast of the Chambishi Copper Mine is layered and layered. The dip angle of the ore body is 20-30°, the thickness is 10-16m, and the length of the ore body along the strike is 755-890m. The surrounding rocks of the hanging wall and footwall of this mining area are all quartzite, which has good stability, and the mining of the ore body is less affected by groundwater, and the engineering geological conditions are of simple and medium types.

Mining standard and cutting: As shown in Figure 1, 2 and 3, the gently inclined medium-thick ore body is divided into mining units, and the ore body in the same mining unit is divided into strips along the strike, that is, the strips in the mining unit are divided into The first-step stope 11 and the second-step stope 10, every 12 stopes are used as a recovery unit, and a spacer 6 is left in the middle of each recovery unit, and a ramp bend 3 and a ramp straightway are arranged on the spacer 6 7 and mining area chute 5, the lower part of chute 5 is connected with piercing vein and chute connecting lane 17, and then connected with piercing tunnel 16, and piercing tunnel 16 is connected with middle transport lane 18; ramp straight road 7 and ramp bend 3 are respectively connected with The stopes are connected; the top security ore pillar 8 and the bottom security ore pillar 9 are respectively reserved at the top and bottom of the section roadway.

Mining and filling: as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the stope in the same mining unit is divided into a one-step stope 11 and a two-step stope 10, and the first-step stope 11 is mined first, and multiple one-step stopes in one recovery unit The step stope 11 can be mined at the same time, and then the first step stope 11 can be filled (it is filled with high-strength lime-sand ratio filling material), and after the first step stope 11 is filled and reaches the final setting, it can be self-supporting , and then sequentially recover the two-step stope 10 in the recovery unit, and then fill the second-step stope 10 (filling it with low-strength lime-sand ratio filling material); the stopes in several adjacent recovery units are averaged After mining and filling are completed, the intercolumn 6, the bottom security ore pillar 9 and the top security ore pillar 8 in the mining unit are recovered.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the mining of each stope is divided into upper and lower layers, which are respectively the upper layer stope 12 and the lower layer stope 13. The upper layer stope 12 is recovered first, and then the lower layer stope is recovered. The layered stope 13 and the stope connecting roadway 2 are respectively connected with the upper layered stope 12 and the lower layered stope 13, and the top layered stope 12 is cut from the stope connecting roadway 2, and the orebody caving The ore in 19 is transported from the stope connecting roadway 2, the slope straight road 7 and the slope curve 3 to the mining area chute 5 through the slope road and the chute connecting roadway 4, and the roof is supported by bolts and anchor cables. Then pull the cutting groove at the top of the lower stratified stope 13. After the cutting groove is formed, the middle and deep hole jumbo is used to chisel down the middle and deep holes 15 in the upper layer, and the middle and deep holes are charged and blasted in rows. Field connecting lane 2, ramp straight road 7 and ramp bend 3 are transported to mining area chute 5 through ramp and chute connecting lane 4.

When the stopes of several adjacent mining units are all mined, and they are filled, the inter-column 6 is mined after the filling body is finally set. Reclaim with bottom security ore pillar 9. The inter-column 6 is mainly recovered by the room-pillar method. First, point columns are set to support the empty area, and finally it is uniformly closed at the end of mining, and then it is filled with a paste filling body with a low lime-sand ratio; When recovering the top security pillar 8 and the bottom security pillar 9, first brush the large segmented roadway 1 in the width direction, and then use the segmented roadway 1 as the rock drilling roadway to construct the upward fan-shaped medium-deep hole with a stable roof When the performance is not good, the anchor cables are constructed at intervals, the blasting is carried out in a backward manner, and the retaining wall is filled by masonry in sections.

Wherein, the width of the first-step stope 11 and the second-step stope 10 is 8-12m, the length is 100-160m, and the width of the intercolumn is 30-50m.

The mining unit and the mining unit can be continuously mined at the same time, and the mining and filling of the stope of the same mining unit can be continuously operated at the same time.

The mining of each stope is divided into two layers. First, the roof is cut in the upper layer, and the roof is protected by supporting forms such as anchor rods and anchor cables, and then the lower layer is protected by using downward-facing medium-deep holes. Mine is recovered.

The method is suitable for the mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies with an ore body dip angle of 20-30° and an ore body thickness of 10-16 m.

The present invention aims at the ore body whose inclination angle is 20-30° and the thickness of the ore body is 10-16m. It is difficult to use mechanization for continuous and high-efficiency mining, which belongs to the difficult-to-mining ore body. The ore body in the unit is divided into strips, the one-step stope or the two-step stope in the same recovery unit can be continuously mined at the same time, and the stopes in different recovery units can also be continuously mined and filled at the same time. The roof of the upper layer stope is supported, the lower layer is blasted with medium and deep holes, and large-scale scrapers are used for continuous mining. The inter-pillars, top security pillars and bottom security pillars can be recycled, with a high degree of mechanization. , Large production capacity, less mining and cutting engineering, high ore recovery rate, low loss rate and good safety.

The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of continuous stoping method of mining by the way of filling of gently inclined medium thick orebody, it is characterised in that：It is as follows including step：

(1) adopt accurate with cutting：

Gently inclined medium thick orebody is divided into back production unit, the ore body across pitch in back production unit is divided into band, along ore body It walks and is installed with studding (6) between adjacent two bands upwards, wherein band is divided into a step stope in same back production unit (11) and two step stopes (10), every 12 stopes tunnel ramp bend (3) as a back production unit in studding (6) With ramp straight way (7), stope connection roadway (2), stope contact are tunneled respectively along ramp bend (3) and ramp straight way (7) Lane (2) is connected respectively with a step stope (11) and two step stopes (10), and stope connection roadway (2) connects studding respectively (6) the lower leaf stope (13) of the higher slice stope (12) of left-hand bar band and studding (6) right side band；In ramp bend (3) Part driving ramp and drop shaft connection roadway (4), driving drop shaft (5), drop shaft (5) lower part among spiral ramp bend (3) Arteries and veins and drop shaft connection roadway (17) are worn in connection, are worn arteries and veins and are connected Chuan Mai tunnels (16), Chuan Mai tunnels (16) again with drop shaft connection roadway (17) It is connected with level haulage lane (18)；It is stayed respectively in the top and bottom of back production unit and sets top safety pillar (8) and bottom guarantor Pacify ore pillar (9)；

(2) back production and filling：

A step stope (11) and two step stopes (10) in same back production unit are treated respectively from bottom to top into between-line spacing back production The back production of a step stope (11) in back production unit, which finishes, to be filled, and after obturation final set, reaches the time of supporting oneself, then according to The secondary two step stopes (10) in back production unit carry out back production, when the step stope (11) and two steps in same back production unit Rapid stope (10) back production finishes, after obturation reaches final set, the studding (6) among the adjacent back production unit of recycling；

The back production of each stope is divided into two layerings and carries out, and higher slice is to cut top layer, ramp bend (3) and ramp straight way (7) higher slice stope (12) and lower leaf stope (13) is connected respectively, is cut top layer from higher slice and is proceeded by and cut top, using automatic To change scraper and carry out ore removal, ore is transported from stope connection roadway (2) to ramp bend (3) or ramp straight way (7), then through oblique Ramp bend (3) or ramp straight way (7) transport stope box (5) to ramp and drop shaft connection roadway (4), then to stope Top plate carries out anchor pole and cable bolting (14)；After higher slice back production, on the top of band, deep hole draws cutting groove, cutting groove After formation, downward medium-length hole (15) is dug in higher slice stope (12), powder charge and explosion then are carried out to medium-length hole (15), passed through Stope connection roadway (2), ramp bend (3) and ramp straight way (7), ramp and drop shaft connection roadway (4) arrive Ore Transportation Stope box (5), ore transfers to the electric locomotive on Chuan Mai tunnels (16) by drop shaft (5), then passes through level haulage lane (18) It transports to mining area main chute；

When the stope complete extraction of adjacent several back production units finishes, it is filled, carries out studding after obturation final set again (6) back production, when it is a certain segmentation stope complete extraction finish, finally to top safety pillar (8) and bottom safety pillar (9) progress Recycling.

2. the continuous stoping method of mining by the way of filling of gently inclined medium thick orebody according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described Column (6) is recycled using room-and-pillar method, carries out unification to dead zone first by staying the column supporting dead zone that sets up an office, at the end of last back production Closing, then with cement-sand ratio be 1:20~1:24 paste body filling body is filled；To top safety pillar (8) and bottom security personnel When ore pillar (9) is recycled, brush is big in the direction of the width first is segmented tunnel (1), then to be segmented tunnel (1) as rock drilling Lane, construction is upper to fan shaped medium length hole, and when roof stability is bad, interval construction anchor cable, retrusive carries out explosion, is segmented to build by laying bricks or stones and fill Barricade is filled out to be filled.

3. the continuous stoping method of mining by the way of filling of gently inclined medium thick orebody according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described one The width of step stope (11) and two step stopes (10) is 8~12m, and length is 100~160m, studding (6) width for 30~ 50m。

4. the continuous stoping method of mining by the way of filling of gently inclined medium thick orebody according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described oblique Ramp bend (3) and ramp straight way (7) are helix shape, and the gradient of ramp bend (3) and ramp straight way (7) is 10~20%, the radius of turn of ramp bend (3) is 15m.

5. the continuous stoping method of mining by the way of filling of gently inclined medium thick orebody according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described not With the back production simultaneously of back production unit, back production and the filling of same back production unit stope are worked continuously simultaneously.

6. the continuous stoping method of mining by the way of filling of gently inclined medium thick orebody according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described Stope connection roadway (2), ramp and drop shaft connection roadway (4) and ramp bend (3), the width of ramp straight way (7) and height are The basket handle arch tunnel of 4.5m.

7. the continuous stoping method of mining by the way of filling of gently inclined medium thick orebody according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described every A stope box (5) services 1 back production unit.