Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of gentle dip thin-the novel mining methods of middle thickness orebody, the method has merged sublevel caving method without sill pillar and quick-fried power haulage mining codes, has overcome the deficiency of single mining methods, has realized mutual supplement with each other's advantages.
In order to realize object of the present invention, following technical scheme is proposed:
Novel mining methods back production gentle dip of the present invention is thin-during middle thickness orebody, the ore body in a stope is divided into two region back production step by step.
First, use sublevel caving method without sill pillar to carry out back production to stope region 1.Because target orebody thickness is little, use medium-length hole 10 by ore body with the direct avalanche of single segmentation, after ore removal, form 1 fixed dead zone 12 as the scope of freedom of stope region 2 back production.
Then, use quick-fried power haulage mining codes to carry out back production to stope region 2, perpendicular to orebody strike, arrange fan shaped medium length hole 10, big gun hole decking, at the bottom of charge segment is ore body lower wall border to hole, explosion is carried out on the 12Wei scope of freedom, dead zone forming with region 1 back production by row, utilize quick-fried power by the ore throwing in region 2 to dead zone 12.
After stope mining ore removal finishes, the interior part ore in stope rock drilling road 5 cannot be shoveled out formation taper ore storage, this part ore after lower substoping finishes in segmentation haul road 3 upwards sublevel drilling road 5 dig and slip ore deposit The Small Well 11 and reclaim.
Adopt gentle dip of the present invention thin-during the novel mining methods of middle thickness orebody, the technical essential that forms stope structure is as follows:
Adopt accurate engineering, described in adopt accurate engineering and comprise segmentation haul road 3, ore removal route 4 and rock drilling road 5.Adopt accurate engineering and be arranged in the region of ore body lower wall adjoining rock stability, segmentation haul road 3 is arranged along orebody trend, vertical orebody trend driving ore removal route 4, ore removal route 4 spacing 12 ~ 15m, below ore body base plate, 3 ~ 5m place is along orebody trend driving rock drilling road 5, and rock drilling road 5 is communicated with every ore removal route 4.Adopt accurate engineering tunnel section wide * high for 3.2m * 3.4m, utilize Boomer chassis and scraper mechanized construction.
Cutting engineering, described cutting engineering mainly comprises slot raise 8 and cutting crosscut 9, slot raise 8 section 2.0m * 2.0m, are vertical or incline raise.Cutting crosscut 9 is that ore removal route 4 is extended forward.In kerve process, at cutting crosscut 9 interior construction number row upward hole, the slot raise 8 of take forms cutting groove after the explosion of the scope of freedom.
The support pattern in tunnel, described support pattern mainly adopts prestressed anchor supporting and the supporting of slip casting long anchor cable.As 1, in situation, adopt prestressed anchor supporting can meet stability requirement, the long 2.4m of anchor pole, diameter 18mm, supporting mesh degree 1.5m * 1.5m, the prestressing force applying is greater than 100KN.The T-shaped fork top board exposed area that tunnel crosses is larger, increases the supporting of slip casting long anchor cable, the long 6.0m of anchor cable, net degree 3.0m * 3.0m.If some region rock crusher or be subject to blasting impact wave action to occur wall rock loosening, takes reinforce support, increase steel mesh, is used wooden support or steel bracket if desired.
Stopping sequence, described stopping sequence is to different segmentations, and back production from top to bottom, reserves fore-set 6 between upper and lower segmentation stope; In 1 segmentation, every ore removal route 4 can be considered 1 stope, reserved studding 7 between adjacent stope; The stopping sequence of segmentation can be from the stope in the middle of segmentation to two ends back production, also can be from 1 end of segmentation to another 1 end back production.
The explosion ore deposit that falls, adopts the fan shaped medium length hole 10 explosions ore deposit that falls, and uses jumbo boring, and blast hole depth is decided as circumstances require, and is no more than 30m as hole depth 1, aperture 76mm, at the bottom of hole apart from 2.0m, array pitch 2.0m.
After explosion, use scraper ore removal, by ore removal route 4 and adjacent ore removal route 4, enter rock drilling road 5 ore removals.In the ore removal later stage, the interior part ore in rock drilling road 5 forms taper ore storage the most at last, cannot be shoveled out, and utilizes and slips ore deposit The Small Well 11 in lower 1 segmentation recovery.
The distinguished and admirable trend of stope ventilation is: fresh wind, through segmentation transportation way 3, ore removal route 4, rock drilling road 5, rinses after work plane, through return air raise, extracts out.Only work plane is by fan drum blowing/exhausting, to guarantee process air quality.
At the stope mining initial stage, utilize the fore-set 6 of stope and studding 7 to support stope top boards, along with the increase of stopping area, stope top board natural caving, utilize stope top board natural caving management press.
Gentle dip of the present invention is thin-and the concrete steps of the novel mining methods of middle thickness orebody are as follows:
1, in the firm region of ore body lower wall country rock along orebody trend driving segmentation haulage drift 3, drift section is wide * height is 3.2m * 3.4m.Tunnel adopts prestressed anchor supporting, the long 2.4m of anchor pole, and diameter 18mm, supporting mesh degree 1.5m * 1.5m, the prestressing force applying is greater than 100KN.
2, vertical fragmentation haul road 3 driving ore removal routes 4, ore removal route 4 spacing 12 ~ 15m, drift section 3.2m * 3.4m.Adopt the support pattern same with segmentation haul road 3 to carry out supporting to ore removal route 4; At segmentation haul road 3, adopt the supporting of slip casting long anchor cable, the long 6.0m of anchor cable, net degree 3.0m * 3.0m, slip casting water/binder ratio 0.35 ~ 0.4 with the place, T-shaped fork of ore removal route 4.
3, when ore removal route 4 tunnels to ore body lower wall 3 ~ 5m place, perpendicular to ore removal route 4, arrange rock drilling roads 5, drift section is wide * and height is 3.2m * 3.4m, and every ore removal route 4 of rock drilling road 5 connections, is convenient to ore removal.Adopt the support pattern same with segmentation haul road 3 to carry out supporting to rock drilling road 5.
4, every ore removal route 4 is considered as a stope, reserved studding 7 between adjacent stope, and the reserved fore-set 6 of stope between upper and lower segmentation, presses, prevents to reach control the object that barren rock is sneaked into.Stopping sequence is from the centre of segmentation to two ends back production.
5, adopt the fan shaped medium length hole 10 explosions ore deposit that falls.Use jumbo efficient drilling, aperture 76mm, at the bottom of hole apart from 2.0m, array pitch 2.0m.First, use Caving Method with Large Space to carry out back production to stope region 1, interior construction cutting crosscut 9 and slot raise 8 in rock drilling road 5, at cutting crosscut 9 interior construction number row upward hole, the slot raise 8 of take forms cutting groove after the explosion of the scope of freedom, for explosion provides the scope of freedom.After the 1 explosion ore removal of stope region, form dead zone 12, for 2 explosions of stope region provide the scope of freedom.
6, back production is carried out in stope region 2, perpendicular to orebody strike, arrange fan shaped medium length hole 10, as shown in Figure 4, big gun hole decking, at the bottom of charge segment is ore body lower wall border to hole, as Fig. 4 solid line part, explosion is carried out on the 12Wei scope of freedom, dead zone forming with 1 back production of stope region by row, utilize quick-fried power by the ore throwing in stope region 2 to dead zone 12.
7, timely ore removal after every row's shot hole blasting, for next row explosion provides the scope of freedom.Use scraper to enter rock drilling road 5 ore removals by ore removal route 4 and adjacent ore removal route 4.In the ore removal later stage, the interior part ore in rock drilling road 5 forms taper ore storage the most at last, cannot be shoveled out, and utilizes and slips ore deposit The Small Well 11 in next segmentation recovery.
8, after substoping, in segmentation haul road 3, upwards sublevel drilling road 5 is dug and is slipped ore deposit The Small Well 11, by slipping ore deposit The Small Well 11, reclaims upper sublevel drilling road 5 interior residual ore storages.
Compare with existing gently inclined orebody exploitation method, the present invention has following characteristics and advantage:
(1) this Fusion of mining method sublevel caving method without sill pillar and quick-fried power haulage method, overcome the deficiency of single mining methods, realized the mutual supplement with each other's advantages of different mining methods, for gentle dip thin-exploitation of middle thickness orebody provides new approaches.
(2) roadway engineering of the method is arranged in the country rock of ore body external stabilization, has reduced difficulty and the workload of supporting; Workman is without being directly exposed to operation in stope, and operation is safer.
(3) the method adopt accurate cutting technique simple, be easy to construction, adopt that to cut engineering quantity little, mining cost is low; Quick-fried power haulage by ore throwing to dead zone 12, ore removal route 4 ore removals and rock drilling road 5 end ore removals, back production complete cutting in stage casing is slipped ore deposit The Small Well 11 and is reclaimed ores of upper stage, has improved gently inclined orebody and has gone out the problem of mine disaster.
(4) whole mining process can be completely achieved trackless equipment do mechanization operation, and labor productivity is high.
The specific embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in more detail.
Certain copper mine ore body is owing to being affected by fold, and occurrence is complicated and changeable, comparatively mild at synclinal shaft ore body, from synclinal shaft portion to the continuous lifting of both wings, and 15 ° of the mean obliquities of synclinal shaft ore body, orebody thickness average out to 6m.Ore body roof is argillaceous slate, and stability is better, when stope span is little, can form barnyard condition; Ledge is white clouds matter schist, and this rock mass structure surface development local collapsing easily occurs and emits and slabbing, and easy-weathering, meets cement; The intermediate zone schist ore deposit rock of ore body base plate is more broken, poor stability; The conglomerate on chassis and shale quartzite stability are better.To sum up, this ore body occurrence is changeable, and the slanting angle of ore body is more slow, and rocks in deposits and lower wall intermediate zone rock stratum stationarity thereof are poor, and tunnel is difficult to be arranged in ore body inside; Orebody thickness is little, uses while having the mining methods of polycrystalline substance, adopts and cuts than excessive, and cost is high; Use during without foundation slicing and caving method, is adopted cut journey and is arranged in the stable country rock of ore body lower wall, and the exploitation rate of dilution is large.Use novel mining methods of the present invention to exploit this ore body, in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, illustrate that the specific embodiment is as follows:
1, stope is arranged along orebody trend, and stopping sequence is from the centre of segmentation to two ends back production.At the firm region of ore body lower wall country rock driving segmentation haul road 3, vertical fragmentation haul road 3 driving ore removals enter 4 tunnels, the long 25m of ore removal route 4, spacing 15m.Rock drilling road 5 is arranged in apart from the position of ore body lower wall 3m.Drift section is wide * and height is 3.2m * 3.4m.
2, interior construction cutting crosscut 9 and slot raise 8 in rock drilling road 5, at cutting crosscut 9 interior construction number row upward hole, the slot raise 8 of take forms cutting groove after the explosion of the scope of freedom, for explosion provides the scope of freedom.
3, adopt prestressed anchor pole pair tunnel to carry out supporting.The long 2.4m of prestressed anchor, diameter 18mm, supporting mesh degree 1.5m * 1.5m, the prestressing force applying is greater than 100KN.Segmentation haul road 3 is larger with the T-shaped fork top board exposed area that ore removal route 4 crosses, and increases the supporting of slip casting long anchor cable, the long 6.0m of anchor cable, net degree 3.0m * 3.0m.If some region rock crusher or be subject to blasting impact wave action to occur wall rock loosening, takes reinforce support, increase steel mesh, is used wooden support if desired.
4, every ore removal route 4 is considered as a stope, reserved 1m studding 7 between adjacent stope, the reserved 3m fore-set 6 of stope between upper and lower segmentation.
5, back production stope region 1 first.Use jumbo boring, aperture 76mm, at the bottom of hole apart from 2.0m, array pitch 2.0m, lateral opening angle, big gun hole is not less than 45 ° (38 ° of ore natural repose angles).Adopt ANFO porous particulated ammonium oil explosive, the powder charge of fanhole(s) total length, the base initiation of detonator hole, every separate explosion 1 ~ 2 row, uses scraper to enter rock drilling road 5 ore removals by ore removal route 4 and adjacent ore removal route 4 after every separate explosion.
6, after 1 back production of stope region finishes, back production is carried out in stope region 2, use jumbo boring, perpendicular to orebody strike, arrange fan shaped medium length hole 10, as shown in Figure 4, blast hole depth is decided as circumstances require, and slotted hole is 12.88m deeply, aperture 76mm, at the bottom of hole apart from 2.0m, array pitch 2.0m.Big gun hole decking, in figure, big gun hole real segment is powder charge section, phantom line segments is not powder charge section.At the bottom of charge segment is ore body lower wall border to hole, as Fig. 4 solid line part, explosion is carried out on the 12Wei scope of freedom, dead zone forming with 1 back production of stope region by row, utilize quick-fried power by the ore throwing in region 22 to dead zone 12.After back production, by ore removal route 4 and adjacent ore removal route 4, enter rock drilling road 5 ore removals.
7, the ore removal later stage, the interior part ore in rock drilling road 5 forms taper ore storage the most at last, cannot be shoveled out, and utilizes and slip ore deposit The Small Well 11 in next segmentation recovery after next substoping finishes.
Adopt the described new method of this invention to carry out back production to the ore body of 15 ° of thickness 6m, inclination angle, height of lift is 8m, adopts and cuts than being 10.4m/kt, and the rate of dilution of ore is 11.49%, ore recovery ratio 87%.
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect have been carried out entering to the detailed description of 1 step; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.