CN108398235A - A kind of adjustable gently inclined medium thick orebody ore drawing experimental rig - Google Patents
A kind of adjustable gently inclined medium thick orebody ore drawing experimental rig Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及地下金属矿山无底柱分段崩落采矿法领域，一种可调节的缓倾斜中厚矿体放矿试验装置，其特征在于：包括装置架、放矿箱体、放矿口机构、升降装置；放矿箱体设置于装置架上，放矿箱体端部通过升降装置与装置架连接，放矿箱体下部设有放矿口机构；实现了矿体倾角、矿体厚度、分段高度以及放矿步距的调节。本发明针对倾斜中厚矿体的放矿试验，可用来研究矿体倾角、矿体厚度、分段高度以及放矿步距对散体流动规律的影响，对于改进矿山的相关结构参数、合理布置采矿工程、降低岩石的混入率、提高矿石的回收率具有重要的意义。
The present invention relates to the field of sub-column subsection caving mining methods in underground metal mines, and is an adjustable ore-drawing test device for gently inclined medium-thick ore body, which is characterized in that it includes a device frame, an ore-drawing box, an ore-drawing mouth mechanism, Lifting device; the ore-drawing box is set on the device frame, the end of the ore-drawing box is connected to the device frame through the lifting device, and the lower part of the ore-drawing box is equipped with an ore-drawing opening mechanism; the ore body inclination angle, ore body thickness, Section height and ore drawing step adjustment. The invention is aimed at the ore drawing test of inclined medium-thick ore bodies, which can be used to study the influence of ore body dip angle, ore body thickness, section height and ore drawing step distance on the flow law of bulk materials, and is useful for improving relevant structural parameters and reasonable layout of mines. It is of great significance to reduce the mixing rate of rocks and improve the recovery rate of ore in mining engineering.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及地下金属矿山无底柱分段崩落采矿法领域，特别是一种可调节的缓倾斜中厚矿体放矿试验装置，具体设计用于实验室放矿试验中。The invention relates to the field of pillarless subsection caving mining methods in underground metal mines, in particular to an adjustable ore-drawing test device for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, which is specifically designed for laboratory ore-drawing tests.
背景技术Background technique
无底柱分段崩落法是目前国内外地下金属矿山广泛使用的采矿方法，该方法最初主要用于开采急倾斜厚矿体或缓倾斜急厚矿体，随着放矿理论的不断发展以及无轨自行设备的普遍使用，目前已用于开采倾斜中厚矿体。无底柱分段崩落法应用于倾斜中厚矿体时，其主要缺点之一就是矿石损失贫化较大，因此充分认识并研究不同条件下矿岩散体的流动规律，对于改进矿山的相关结构参数、合理布置采矿工程、降低岩石的混入率、提高矿石的回收率具有重要的意义。目前，已有的倾斜中厚矿体放矿试验装置多是针对固定矿山(矿体倾角、厚度固定)的固定结构参数，可调节参数单一，不能够综合的体现出矿体倾角、矿体厚度、分段高度以及放矿步距对散体流动规律的影响，不利于对倾斜边壁条件下散体流动规律的系统研究。Pillarless segmented caving method is a mining method widely used in underground metal mines at home and abroad. At first, this method was mainly used to mine steeply inclined thick ore bodies or gently inclined steeply thick ore bodies. With the continuous development of ore drawing theory and trackless The widespread use of self-owned equipment has been used to mine inclined medium-thick ore bodies. One of the main disadvantages of the non-pillar segmental caving method is the large ore loss and dilution when it is applied to inclined and medium-thick ore bodies. Structural parameters, reasonable layout of mining engineering, reduction of rock mixing rate, and improvement of ore recovery rate are of great significance. At present, most of the existing ore drawing test devices for inclined and medium-thick ore bodies are aimed at the fixed structural parameters of fixed mines (the ore body dip angle and thickness are fixed), and the adjustable parameters are single, which cannot comprehensively reflect the ore body dip angle and ore body thickness. , section height and ore-drawing step distance on the bulk flow law, which is not conducive to the systematic study of the bulk flow law under the condition of inclined side walls.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种可调节的缓倾斜中厚矿体放矿试验装置，实现了矿体倾角、矿体厚度、分段高度以及放矿步距的调节。In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an adjustable ore-drawing test device with a gently inclined medium-thick ore body, which realizes the adjustment of ore body dip angle, ore body thickness, section height and ore-drawing step.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案实现：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize:
一种可调节的缓倾斜中厚矿体放矿试验装置，包括装置架、放矿箱体、放矿口机构、升降装置；An adjustable ore-drawing test device for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, including a device frame, an ore-drawing box, an ore-drawing mouth mechanism, and a lifting device;
放矿箱体设置于装置架上，放矿箱体端部通过升降装置与装置架连接，放矿箱体下部设有放矿口机构；The ore-drawing box is set on the device frame, the end of the ore-drawing box is connected with the device frame through a lifting device, and the lower part of the ore-drawing box is equipped with an ore-drawing mouth mechanism;
实现了矿体倾角、矿体厚度、分段高度以及放矿步距的调节。The adjustment of ore body dip angle, ore body thickness, section height and ore drawing step is realized.
所述装置架是主体框架，装置架上设有连接圆管一；端部设有轴固定座一，轴固定座一通过轴一与连接底座连接。The device frame is a main body frame, and the device frame is provided with a connecting pipe 1; the end is provided with a shaft fixing seat 1, and the shaft fixing seat 1 is connected with the connection base through the shaft 1.
所述放矿箱体为箱体结构，箱体上设有插槽一、多个插槽二；箱体上设有轴固定座二，轴固定座二内设有轴二；箱体上设有连接圆管二，连接圆管二与连接圆管一轴接；箱体的前端为半空状态。The ore-drawing box is a box structure, and the box body is provided with a slot one and a plurality of slots two; the box body is provided with a shaft fixing seat two, and the shaft fixing seat two is provided with a shaft two; the box body is provided with There is a connecting round pipe 2, which is connected with the connecting round pipe 1; the front end of the box is in a half-empty state.
所述放矿口机构与放矿箱体连接，放矿口机构包括放矿槽、放矿盖、角度调节架，放矿槽通过角度调节架与放矿箱体连接，放矿盖位于放矿槽内，放矿槽分为两部分。The ore-drawing mechanism is connected with the ore-drawing box. The ore-drawing mechanism includes an ore-drawing chute, an ore-drawing cover, and an angle adjustment frame. The ore-drawing trough is connected with the ore-drawing box through an angle adjustment frame. In the tank, the ore-drawing tank is divided into two parts.
所述升降装置包括蜗轮减速机、丝杆、扁头头部、手柄；蜗轮减速机固定在连接底座上；蜗轮减速机与手柄连接，丝杆贯穿蜗轮减速机采用啮合连接，丝杆顶端通过扁头头部与放矿箱体连接，摇动手柄可实现丝杆的往复运动。The lifting device includes a worm gear reducer, a screw, a flat head, and a handle; the worm gear reducer is fixed on the connection base; The head is connected with the ore drawing box, and the reciprocating movement of the screw rod can be realized by shaking the handle.
本试验装置结构配合关系如下：The structural coordination relationship of the test device is as follows:
1)装置架上的连接圆管一与放矿箱体上的连接圆管二通过轴连接并构成铰链连接的形式，放矿箱体上轴二与丝杆通过扁头头部连接在一起，丝杆位于蜗轮减速机内，蜗轮减速机固定在装置架上部的连接底座上，在该连接方式下摇动手柄即可实现放矿箱体角度的调节；1) The connecting round pipe 1 on the device frame is connected with the connecting round pipe 2 on the ore drawing box through a shaft to form a hinged connection. The upper shaft 2 of the ore drawing box is connected with the screw rod through the flat head. The screw is located in the worm gear reducer, and the worm gear reducer is fixed on the connection base on the upper part of the device frame. In this connection mode, the angle of the ore-drawing box can be adjusted by shaking the handle;
2)在放矿箱体上不同位置的插槽二内插入插板二即可实现箱体厚度的调节；2) The thickness of the box can be adjusted by inserting the second slot into the second slot at different positions on the ore drawing box;
3)在放矿箱体上的插槽一内插入不同尺寸的插板一和调节好的放矿口机构，即可实现分段高度的调节；3) Insert the plugboards of different sizes into the slots on the ore-drawing box and the adjusted ore-drawing opening mechanism to realize the adjustment of the section height;
4)角度调节架与放矿槽通过螺丝连接在一起，为了连接的方便将放矿槽分为两部分，放矿槽插入放矿箱体上的插槽一内后，将调节架与放矿槽连接，其中位于中部的调节架起到连接两部分放矿槽的作用，通过调节调节架上的可调节半圆槽的位置，即可实现放矿槽侧翼角度的调节，同时通过调节放矿槽上可调节槽的位置，即可实现放矿槽侧翼长度的调节，通过上述方式实现放矿机构的调节，放矿机构的调节主要是为了适应放矿箱体倾角的变化以及满足边孔角、采矿工程布置要求；4) The angle adjustment frame and the ore-drawing trough are connected together by screws. For the convenience of connection, the ore-drawing trough is divided into two parts. Slot connection, in which the adjustment frame in the middle plays the role of connecting the two parts of the ore discharge chute. By adjusting the position of the adjustable semicircular chute on the adjustment frame, the angle of the side wings of the ore discharge chute can be adjusted. At the same time, by adjusting the ore discharge chute The position of the upper adjustable trough can realize the adjustment of the length of the side wings of the ore-drawing trough, and the adjustment of the ore-drawing mechanism can be realized through the above-mentioned method. Mining engineering layout requirements;
5)放矿时在放矿口机构内抽出不同距离的放矿盖实现放矿步距的调节。5) When drawing ore, pull out ore-drawing caps with different distances in the ore-drawing mechanism to realize the adjustment of ore-drawing step distance.
一种可调节的缓倾斜中厚矿体放矿试验装置的工作方法，包括如下步骤：An adjustable working method of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body drawing test device, comprising the following steps:
第一步依据矿体的倾角调节箱体倾角，依据矿体的厚度在指定位置处的插槽二内插入插板二；The first step is to adjust the inclination angle of the box according to the inclination angle of the ore body, and insert the second plate into the slot two at the designated position according to the thickness of the ore body;
第二步依据分段高度以及矿体的倾角，选取适宜的插板，并调节放矿槽侧翼的长度以及角度调节架；In the second step, according to the section height and the inclination angle of the ore body, select the appropriate inserting plate, and adjust the length of the side wings of the ore chute and the angle adjustment frame;
第三步根据设计的分段在插槽一内插入插板一以及调节好的放矿口机构，安装放矿槽中部的角度调节架并在放矿口机构的前端、末端放置挡板一；The third step is to insert the inserting plate 1 and the adjusted ore opening mechanism in the slot 1 according to the designed section, install the angle adjustment frame in the middle of the ore trough and place the baffle plate 1 at the front end and end of the ore opening mechanism;
第四步在放矿槽内放入岩石，并在箱体边界处放置挡板二；The fourth step is to put rocks in the ore-drawing chute, and place the baffle plate 2 at the boundary of the box;
第五步在放矿箱体内放入矿石，到达指定位置处放入岩石；The fifth step is to put ore in the ore-drawing box, and put rocks at the designated position;
第六步抽出挡板二，形成放矿的初始条件；The sixth step is to extract the baffle plate 2 to form the initial conditions for ore drawing;
第七步依据放矿步距抽出一定距离的放矿盖；The seventh step draws out the ore-drawing cover at a certain distance according to the ore-drawing step;
第八步按一定的放矿方式进行放矿，到达既定条件时完成一个步距的放矿；The eighth step is to carry out ore drawing according to a certain ore drawing method, and complete a step of ore drawing when the predetermined conditions are reached;
第九步重复上述的第七步和第八部，直到完成本分段的放矿，放矿中统计相关的试验数据；The ninth step repeats the above-mentioned seventh and eighth steps until the ore drawing of this subsection is completed, and relevant test data are counted during the ore drawing;
第十步进行下一分段的放矿，重复第七、八、九步，直到完成所有分段的放矿；The tenth step is to carry out the ore drawing of the next subsection, and repeat the seventh, eighth, and ninth steps until the ore drawing of all subsections is completed;
第十一步，放矿试验结束，从上往下依次抽出插槽二内的插板二或放矿口机构，铲出装置内的矿岩散体；In the eleventh step, the ore-drawing test is completed, and the inserting plate 2 or the ore-drawing opening mechanism in the slot 2 is pulled out sequentially from top to bottom, and the loose ore rocks in the device are shoveled out;
第十二步，试验结束，清理装置并将装置恢复到初始状态。The twelfth step, the end of the test, clean up the device and restore the device to its original state.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1)采用升降装置与装置架、放矿箱体之间的相互组合，实现了矿体倾角的调节。1) The adjustment of the inclination angle of the ore body is realized by the combination of the lifting device, the device frame and the ore-drawing box.
2)采用在放矿箱体内不同位置处的插槽中插入插板实现矿体厚度的调节。2) The thickness of the ore body is adjusted by inserting inserting plates into slots at different positions in the ore draw box.
3)采用在放矿箱体边壁上的插槽、插板、放矿口机构的相互组合，实现了分段高度的调节。3) The adjustment of the section height is realized by the mutual combination of slots, inserting plates, and ore-drawing opening mechanisms on the side wall of the ore-drawing box.
4)采用放矿时在放矿口机构内抽出不同距离的放矿盖实现放矿步距的调节。4) When drawing ore, the ore-drawing caps of different distances are drawn out in the ore-drawing mechanism to realize the adjustment of ore-drawing step distance.
5)角度和距离可调节的放矿口机构。5) The ore opening mechanism with adjustable angle and distance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是为本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图2-1是装置架的结构示意图之一。Figure 2-1 is one of the structural diagrams of the device rack.
图2-2是装置架的结构示意图之二。Figure 2-2 is the second structural diagram of the device rack.
图2-3是装置架的结构示意图之三。Figure 2-3 is the third structural diagram of the device rack.
图3-1是放矿箱体的结构示意图之一。Figure 3-1 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the ore drawing box.
图3-2是放矿箱体的结构示意图之二。Figure 3-2 is the second schematic diagram of the structure of the ore-drawing box.
图3-3是放矿箱体的结构示意图之三。Figure 3-3 is the third schematic diagram of the structure of the ore-drawing box.
图4-1是放矿口机构的结构示意图之一。Figure 4-1 is one of the structural diagrams of the ore-drawing mouth mechanism.
图4-2是放矿口机构的结构示意图之二。Fig. 4-2 is the second structural diagram of the ore-drawing mouth mechanism.
图4-3是放矿口机构的结构示意图之三。Fig. 4-3 is the third structural diagram of the ore-drawing mouth mechanism.
图5-1是角度调节架结构示意图之一。Figure 5-1 is one of the structural diagrams of the angle adjustment frame.
图5-2是角度调节架结构示意图之二。Figure 5-2 is the second structural diagram of the angle adjustment frame.
图5-3是角度调节架结构示意图之三。Figure 5-3 is the third structural diagram of the angle adjustment frame.
图6-1是角度调节架装配示意图之一。Figure 6-1 is one of the assembly diagrams of the angle adjustment frame.
图6-2是角度调节架装配示意图之二。Figure 6-2 is the second assembly diagram of the angle adjustment frame.
图7是升降装置结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图1-7对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-7, the specific embodiment of the present invention will be further described:
如图1所示种可调节的缓倾斜中厚矿体放矿试验装置，包括装置架1、放矿箱体6、放矿口机构、升降装置。所述装置架1如图2所示，装置架1上设有连接圆管一2、轴固定座一3、轴一4、连接底座5。所述放矿箱体6如图3，箱体6上设有插槽一7、插槽二8、轴固定座二9、轴二10、连接圆管二11。所述放矿口机构如图4、图5所示，包括放矿槽14、放矿盖15、角度调节架16，放矿槽14侧翼设有可调节槽21、定位孔22，放矿槽14的连接方式以铰链连接20为主，角度调节架16上设有可调节半圆槽23。所述升降装置如图7所示包括蜗轮减速机17、丝杆18、手柄19、扁头头部24。As shown in Figure 1, an adjustable ore-drawing test device for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies includes a device frame 1, an ore-drawing box 6, an ore-drawing mouth mechanism, and a lifting device. Described device frame 1 is as shown in Figure 2, and device frame 1 is provided with connecting circular pipe-2, shaft holder-3, shaft-4, connecting base 5. Described ore-drawing casing 6 is as Fig. 3, and casing 6 is provided with slot one 7, slot two 8, shaft holder two 9, shaft two 10, connecting round pipe two 11. Described ore-drawing mouth mechanism as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, comprises ore-drawing chute 14, ore-drawing cover 15, angle adjustment frame 16, ore-drawing chute 14 flanks are provided with adjustable groove 21, positioning hole 22, ore-drawing chute The connection mode of 14 is based on hinge connection 20, and angle adjustment frame 16 is provided with adjustable semicircular groove 23. The lifting device includes a worm gear reducer 17, a screw mandrel 18, a handle 19, and a flat head 24 as shown in FIG. 7 .
所述装置各部分的连接方式与调节方式为：1)装置架1上的连接圆管一与放矿箱体6上的连接圆管二11通过轴连接并构成铰链连接的形式，放矿箱体6上轴二10与丝杆18通过扁头头部24连接在一起，丝杆18位于蜗轮减速机17内，蜗轮减速机17固定在装置架1上部的连接底座5上，在该连接方式下摇动手柄19即可实现放矿箱体6角度的调节；2)在放矿箱体6上不同位置的插槽二8内插入插板二13即可实现箱体厚度的调节；3)在放矿箱体6 上的插槽一7内插入不同尺寸的插板一12和调节好的放矿口机构，即可实现分段高度的调节；4)角度调节架16与放矿槽14的连接方式如图6所示，为了连接的方便将放矿槽14分为两部分，放矿槽14插入放矿箱体6上的插槽一7内后，将调节架16与放矿槽14连接，其中位于中部的调节架16起到连接两部分放矿槽14的作用，通过调节调节架16上的可调节半圆槽 23的位置，即可实现放矿槽14侧翼角度的调节，同时通过调节放矿槽14上可调节槽21的位置，即可实现放矿槽14侧翼长度的调节，通过上述方式实现了放矿机构的调节，放矿机构的调节主要是为了适应放矿箱体6倾角的变化以及满足边孔角、采矿工程布置等要求；5)放矿时在放矿口机构内抽出不同距离的放矿盖23实现放矿步距的调节。The connection mode and adjustment mode of each part of the device are: 1) the connection round pipe one on the device frame 1 is connected with the connection round pipe two 11 on the ore-drawing box body 6 and constitutes a hinged form, and the ore-drawing box The shaft 2 10 on the body 6 is connected with the screw mandrel 18 through the flat head 24, the screw mandrel 18 is located in the worm gear reducer 17, and the worm gear reducer 17 is fixed on the connection base 5 at the top of the device frame 1. In this connection mode Shake handle 19 down and can realize the regulation of ore drawing box 6 angles; 2) insert plate two 13 in the slot two 8 of different positions on ore drawing box body 6 and can realize the adjustment of box body thickness; 3) in The slot-7 on the ore-drawing box body 6 is inserted into the plate-12 of different sizes and the adjusted ore-drawing mouth mechanism, and the adjustment of the segmental height can be realized; The connection method is as shown in Figure 6. For the convenience of connection, the ore-drawing chute 14 is divided into two parts. connection, wherein the adjusting frame 16 located in the middle plays the role of connecting the two parts of the ore-drawing chute 14, by adjusting the position of the adjustable semi-circular groove 23 on the adjusting frame 16, the adjustment of the angle of the side wings of the ore-drawing chute 14 can be realized, and at the same time through By adjusting the position of the adjustable slot 21 on the ore-drawing chute 14, the adjustment of the length of the side wings of the ore-drawing chute 14 can be realized. The adjustment of the ore-drawing mechanism is realized in the above-mentioned way. The adjustment of the ore-drawing mechanism is mainly to adapt to the ore-drawing box body 6 5) When drawing ore, pull out ore-drawing covers 23 of different distances in the ore-drawing mechanism to realize the adjustment of ore-drawing step distance.
所述一自种动测定散体外摩擦角的实验装置的工作方法：The working method of an experimental device for automatically measuring the external friction angle of a solid body:
第一步依据矿体的倾角要求转动手柄19调节放矿箱体6的倾角，依据矿体的厚度在放矿箱体6内的插槽二8内插入插板二13；The first step requires turning the handle 19 according to the inclination angle of the ore body to adjust the inclination angle of the ore draw box 6, and inserting the insert plate two 13 in the slot two 8 in the ore draw box body 6 according to the thickness of the ore body;
第二步依据分段高度以及矿体的倾角，选取适宜的插板一7，并调节放矿槽21侧翼的长度以及角度调节架16；The second step is based on the subsection height and the inclination angle of the ore body, selects a suitable plate-7, and adjusts the length of the side wings of the ore-drawing trough 21 and the angle adjustment frame 16;
第三步根据设计的分段在插槽一7内插入插板一12以及调节好的放矿口机构，安装放矿槽中部的角度调节架16并在放矿口机构的前端、末端放置挡板一(防止散体的流出)；The third step is to insert the inserting plate 12 and the adjusted ore opening mechanism in the slot 7 according to the designed section, install the angle adjustment frame 16 in the middle of the ore trough and place a stopper at the front end and end of the ore opening mechanism Plate 1 (to prevent the outflow of bulk);
第四步在放矿槽14内放入岩石，并在放矿箱体6边界处放置挡板二(防止矿岩的混杂)；The fourth step puts rocks in the ore-drawing chute 14, and places baffle plate 2 at the boundary of the ore-drawing box body 6 (to prevent mixing of ore rocks);
第五步在放矿箱体6内放入矿石，到达指定位置处放入岩石(形成覆盖岩层)；The fifth step puts ore in the ore-drawing box body 6, and puts rocks into the designated position (forming overburden);
第六步抽出挡板二，形成放矿的初始条件；The sixth step is to extract the baffle plate 2 to form the initial conditions for ore drawing;
第七步依据放矿步距抽出一定距离的放矿盖15；The seventh step extracts the ore-drawing cover 15 of a certain distance according to the ore-drawing step;
第八步按一定的放矿方式(截止品位或无贫化放矿)进行放矿，到达既定条件时完成一个步距的放矿；The eighth step is to carry out ore drawing according to a certain ore drawing method (cut-off grade or non-diluted ore drawing), and complete one step of ore drawing when the predetermined conditions are reached;
第九步重复上述的第七步和第八部，直到完成本分段的放矿，放矿中统计相关的试验数据；The ninth step repeats the above-mentioned seventh and eighth steps until the ore drawing of this subsection is completed, and relevant test data are counted during the ore drawing;
第十步进行下一分段的放矿，重复第七、八、九步，直到完成所有分段的放矿；The tenth step is to carry out the ore drawing of the next subsection, and repeat the seventh, eighth, and ninth steps until the ore drawing of all subsections is completed;
第十一步，放矿试验结束，从上往下依次抽出插槽二8内的插板二13和放矿口机构，铲出装置内的矿岩散体；In the eleventh step, the ore-drawing test is completed, and the inserting plate 13 and the ore-drawing opening mechanism in the slot 2 8 are sequentially pulled out from top to bottom, and the loose ore in the device is shoveled out;
第十二步，试验结束，清理装置并将装置恢复到初始状态。The twelfth step, the end of the test, clean up the device and restore the device to its original state.
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