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CN114592867B - Combined mining method of temporary top pillar induced caving and pillarless sublevel caving - Google Patents

Combined mining method of temporary top pillar induced caving and pillarless sublevel caving Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114592867B
CN114592867B CN202210201251.0A CN202210201251A CN114592867B CN 114592867 B CN114592867 B CN 114592867B CN 202210201251 A CN202210201251 A CN 202210201251A CN 114592867 B CN114592867 B CN 114592867B
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ore
caving
stope
roadway
section
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CN114592867A (en
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陈庆发
甘泉
李维健
韦志兴
段志伟
林开汕
吴贤图
唐秀伟
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Guangxi University
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/22Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60Planning or developing urban green infrastructure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

A temporary roof pillar induction caving and sill-free sublevel caving combined mining method, comprising the following steps: (1) Dividing the stages, the sections and the temporary jacking columns according to the occurrence condition of the ore body; (2) The stage transportation roadway and the rock drilling roadway are respectively arranged outside and inside along the trend of the ore body; (3) The upper subsection sequentially advances the lower subsection to stope, and the lowest subsection delays the stope; (4) Along with the pushing of the stoping working face, when the length of the prop and the exposed area of the upper disc surrounding rock reach a critical trans-falling value, gradually inducing caving and recovering the temporary prop from the first mining position of the stope, synchronously recovering the caving prop ore from the next sublevel stope after falling into an empty stope, and controlling the ground pressure when the upper covering waste rock falls into the stope of the filling part of the empty stope; continuously and backwardly extracting according to the sequence; (5) The extracted segmented ore and the recovered top column ore are transported to the ground surface through a drop shaft and a stage transportation roadway. The invention improves the ore recovery rate and reduces the ore dilution rate.

Description

Temporary roof pillar induced caving and bottomless pillar sublevel caving combined mining method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mining method for underground mining of a metal mine, in particular to a temporary roof pillar induced caving and bottomless pillar sublevel caving combined mining method for a medium-thickness ore body.
Background
Surrounding rock and ore with medium stability and high low-value steep thin-to-medium thickness ore bodies which occupy larger mineral resources occurrence proportion in China are usually mined by adopting a blank field method such as a reserved ore method, a segmented rock drilling stage ore room method and the like. The empty field method is widely used in metal mines because of simple technical form, high recovery rate and low loss rate.
However, as the mining depth increases, the ground stress increases, the degree of ore breakage increases, the ore depletion rate increases, and stope accidents are found to be common problems in industry.
The direction of empty field method transformation is mainly improved into a top-control type empty field method or a filling method and a caving method. The roof control type empty field method mainly adopts an anchor rod and an anchor cable to control roof, and has certain effect in a small area, but has high supporting cost, large field workload and large technical risk, and can not fundamentally solve the applicability problem of the mining method for the large-scale buried ore body. Although the filling method has certain advantages in the technology, the filling method is limited by the filling cost, and is difficult to popularize and use in low-value ore bodies. However, the caving method in the general sense has large depletion rate and loss rate, but has large advantages in production cost, safety and process continuity.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the guidance of the collaborative exploitation concept, the invention provides a temporary roof pillar induced caving and non-bottom pillar sublevel caving combined mining method which fully exerts the respective characteristics and advantages of the induced caving technology, the sublevel rock drilling stage ore room method and the non-bottom pillar sublevel caving method. The method utilizes the advantages of low ore drawing loss rate, low depletion rate and high recovery rate in the air field of a chamber method in the stage of sectionalized rock drilling to arrange a temporary prop; before the temporary jack-prop is recovered, each section is subjected to rock drilling, blasting, ore dropping and ore drawing in an empty field; along with the promotion of each section stoping work, the length of the temporary prop and the exposed areas of the upper and lower disc surrounding rocks are gradually increased, so that the prop and the upper and lower disc surrounding rocks reach a critical instability state; at the moment, the temporary jack-prop is subjected to collapse recovery, the length of the temporary jack-prop is reduced, and the length of the temporary jack-prop is always maintained within a safe range; because of the temporary jacking column for induced caving, the upper waste rock falls into the empty field from the induced caving position, and part of the goaf is filled, so that the exposed area of the surrounding rock of the upper disc and the lower disc is reduced. The goaf is treated while continuously stoping and pushing, and caving and recovering the top column is induced, so that 1-3 sections are always kept to be discharged under an empty field, the ore loss rate and the depletion rate are reduced, and the technical problem caused by the increase of the burial depth of an ore body is solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a temporary roof pillar induction caving and sill-free sublevel caving combined mining method, comprising the following steps:
(1) Dividing stages, sections and temporary jacking columns according to the occurrence condition of ore bodies, arranging stopes along the trend of the ore bodies with medium thickness and more than medium thickness, wherein the length of an ore room is the same as the interval between drop shafts;
(2) The stage transportation roadway is arranged outside the stoping dislocation boundary of the ore body at the lower stage, the stope is connected with the stage transportation roadway through a stope connecting roadway and an ore discharging roadway, the inclined ramp is connected with the stage transportation roadway and used for connecting each section, the bottom pulling roadway is arranged at one side of the ore body close to the surrounding rock of the lower plate, the pedestrian ventilation courtyard, the drop shaft, the inclined ramp and the equipment well are all arranged in the rock mass of the lower plate, and the distance from the ore body is not less than 10m;
(3) The stoping route is arranged in parallel with the trend of ore bodies, fan-shaped blastholes are drilled in the stoping route, 2-5 rows of blastholes are blasted each time, the backward stoping is adopted, the upper section in the stage advances the lower section stoping, and the next section delays the stoping;
(4) Along with the pushing of the stoping working face, when the length of the jack-prop and the exposed area of the upper disc surrounding rock reach a critical cross-falling value, gradually inducing caving and recovering the jack-prop from the first mining part of a stope, and synchronously recovering the caving jack-prop ore from the next sublevel stope after falling into an empty stope;
(5) Ore falling from a stope and a top column which is recovered by induced caving and falls into an empty stope are transported to a stage drop shaft through a scraper, and then the ore is transported to the ground surface through a stage transportation roadway.
Step (3), the extraction route has 1 section to be accurate in one stage, 1 section to drill rock, 1 section to fall mine, 1 section to discharge mine
The stage height of the dividing stage in the step (1) is 50-60 m, the ore block length is the distance between adjacent drop shafts, 60-80 m, the sectional height is 10-15 m, and the thickness of the temporary jacking column is 6-10 m.
The stage transportation roadway specification of the step (2) is 3.5X3.5m 2, the stope contact road specification is 2X 2m 2, the ore removal roadway specification is 2.5X2.5 m 2, the pedestrian ventilation patio specification is 2X 2m 2, the drop shaft specification is 3X 3m 2, the ramp specification is 2.5X2 m 2, and the draw-down roadway specification is 2.5X2.5 m 2.
The interval between the blast hole rows in the step (3) is 1.5-1.8 m. The distance between the upper section and the lower section is 8-15 m, and the delayed recovery distance of the lowest section is more than or equal to 30m.
The specific operation steps of the induced collapse recovery top column in the step (4) are as follows:
a rock drilling tunnel is downwards tunneled from the transportation tunnel at the upper stage every 10m and used for inducing caving and recovering the temporary jack-up, the distance between the tail end of the rock drilling tunnel and the temporary jack-up is not less than 5m, a sector medium-length hole is drilled from the rock drilling tunnel to the jack-up to be recovered, and the rock drilling tunnel is used for loading in sections and adopts millisecond delay blasting; the falling jack posts are simultaneously extracted and recovered by the ore extraction roadway of the lowest section, and the overlying waste rocks fall from the position of the induced collapse recovery jack posts, flow into and fill part of the goaf.
The specification of the rock drilling tunnel is 2 multiplied by 2m 2, and the millisecond delay time is 20-80 ms.
The length of the fan-shaped medium-deep hole is 12-20 m.
The invention has the outstanding advantages that:
(1) Setting a temporary prop to form a blank field ore removal condition, and improving the ore recovery rate;
(2) The method has the advantages of a sublevel caving method without a bottom column, and has the procedures of rock drilling, blasting, ore drawing and the like in the stoping process, all personnel and equipment are drilled and drawn in a roadway and do not enter a goaf or a stope, so that the construction safety of personnel is ensured;
(3) Along with the back stoping of the mining method, the length of the prop and the area of the empty field are continuously increased, when the exposed area of the prop and the upper disc surrounding rock reaches a critical span value, gradually inducing caving from the first stoping part of the stope to recover the prop, and improving the ore stoping rate;
(4) The overlying barren rock falls from the induced caving recovery top column part and flows into and fills part of the goaf so as to reduce the exposure area of the goaf and well control the stope ground pressure.
(5) The loss rate is low, the mining method does not leave a spacer column, only leaves a temporary prop, and gradually recovers the temporary prop along with the advance of stoping, and recovers all ores as much as possible to reduce the loss rate.
(6) The depletion rate is low, the temporary prop is fully used in the stoping process of the mining method, so that ore is discharged in the empty field in sections as many as possible, the ore and waste rock are not contacted in the ore discharging process, and the depletion rate in ore discharging in the empty field can be reduced.
(7) The stope is simple in arrangement form, convenient to implement and capable of reducing the difficulty of organization and management of operators.
(8) Fully utilizes construction machinery, has high rock drilling efficiency, high ore extraction efficiency, high production capacity and high mechanization degree.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a temporary roof pillar induction caving and sill-free sublevel caving combined mining method I-I according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a temporary roof pillar induction caving and sill-free sublevel caving combined mining method II-II according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a temporary roof pillar induced breakout and sill-less sublevel breakout combined mining method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a temporary roof pillar induced caving and bottomless pillar sublevel caving combined mining method induced caving recovery roof pillar according to the present invention.
Marked in the figure as: a mine outlet roadway 1; stope connecting channel 2; a stope rock drilling roadway 3; a blast hole 4; the non-mined ore 5; a jack-prop rock drilling tunnel 6; a temporary jack post 7; an empty field 8; a top column blast hole 9; a ramp 10; stage haulage roadway 11; a drop shaft 12; a pedestrian ventilation patio 13; waste stone 14; an upper stage haulage roadway 15; the pillars induce caving of ore 16.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by means of drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the temporary roof pillar induction caving and sill-free sublevel caving combined mining method according to the present invention comprises the steps of:
(1) The method comprises the steps of dividing a temporary jack-prop induced caving method and a sublevel caving method without a bottom prop into stages, wherein the stage height is 56m, the thickness of the temporary jack-prop is 8m, the temporary jack-prop is divided into 4 segments, and the height of each segment is 12m; the mining areas are arranged along the trend of the ore bodies with medium thickness and above, the length of the ore room is 60m, and the width of the ore room is 10m.
(2) Tunneling a 3.5 multiplied by 3.5m 2 section of transportation tunnel 11 outside the stoping dislocation boundary line of the ore body at the lower stage, tunneling 2 multiplied by 2m 2 stope connecting road 2 every 60m from the section of transportation tunnel 11, tunneling 2.5 multiplied by 2.5 m m 2 of rock drilling tunnel 3 in parallel with the ore body in the ore body after the stope connecting road 2 reaches the ore body, and enabling the rock drilling tunnel 3 to penetrate through the whole ore vein; tunneling the ore discharging tunnels 1 with the distance of 2.5 multiplied by 2.5 m 2 from the connecting channel 2 by 30m, wherein the distance between adjacent ore discharging tunnels is 60m; tunneling a 2.5 multiplied by 2m 2 ramp 10 from the other side of the stage transportation roadway 11, wherein the ramp 10 is connected with each segment; the same engineering is carried out on each segment; tunneling 1.5X1.5m 2 pedestrian ventilation shafts 13 from the stope connecting channel 2 parallel to ore bodies, wherein the pedestrian ventilation shafts 13 are connected with each section; the end of the ore pass 1 is tunneled into a 3X 3 m 2 stage drop shaft 12, the stage drop shaft 12 is communicated with each section, and the ore pass 12 ore outlet is communicated with a stage transportation pass 11.
(3) Upwards drilling sector medium-length holes 4 from the uppermost subsection rock drilling roadway, blasting 2 rows of blast holes at intervals of 2 m; the next section is started to be rock-drilling and blasted after the upper section is advanced by 8m, the procedure was the same. The next segment lags behind the production by a lag distance of 30m. The extraction process is performed by 1 section, rock drilling is performed by 1 section, ore dropping is performed by 1 section, and ore discharging is performed by 1 section.
(4) Tunneling a 2X 2m 2 jack-up induced caving rock drilling tunnel 6 downwards from the transportation tunnel 15 at the upper stage, wherein the tail end of the rock drilling tunnel 6 is 5m away from a temporary jack-up 7, the spacing between the jack-up induced caving rock drilling tunnels 6 is 10m, and the recovery jack-up of each induced caving is 10m; inward jack-prop positioned in rock drilling tunnel 6a medium-depth blast hole 9 with the depth of 12-16 m is drilled, the method adopts millisecond differential blasting to perform the blasting, the millisecond time is 20-80 ms.
(5) Ore 5 falling from a stope and a roof column 16 which is recovered by induced caving and falls into an empty stope are discharged through a scraper, transported to a stage chute 12, and transported to the ground surface through a stage transportation roadway 11.

Claims (6)

1. The temporary roof pillar induced caving and bottomless pillar sublevel caving combined mining method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Dividing stages, sections and temporary jacking columns according to the occurrence condition of ore bodies, arranging stopes along the trend of the ore bodies with medium thickness and more than medium thickness, wherein the length of an ore room is the same as the interval between drop shafts;
(2) The stage transportation roadway is arranged outside the stoping dislocation boundary of the ore body at the lower stage, the stope is connected with the stage transportation roadway through a stope connecting roadway and an ore drawing roadway, the inclined ramp is connected with the stage transportation roadway and used for connecting each section, the bottom pulling roadway is arranged at one side of the ore body close to the surrounding rock of the lower plate, the pedestrian ventilation courtyard, the drop shaft, the inclined ramp and the equipment well are all arranged in the rock mass of the lower plate, and the distance between the mining body and the bottom pulling roadway is not less than 10m;
The stage transportation roadway specification of the step (2) is 3.5X3.5m 2, the stope contact road specification is 2X 2m 2, the ore removal roadway specification is 2.5X2.5 m 2, the pedestrian ventilation courtyard specification is 2X 2m 2, the drop shaft specification is 3X 3m 2, the ramp specification is 2.5X2 m 2, and the draw-down roadway specification is 2.5X2.5 m 2;
(3) The stoping route is arranged in parallel with the trend of ore bodies, fan-shaped blastholes are drilled in the stoping route, 2-5 rows of blastholes are blasted each time, the backward stoping is adopted, the upper section in the stage advances the lower section stoping, and the next section delays the stoping;
(4) Along with the pushing of the stoping working face, when the length of the jack-prop and the exposed area of the upper disc surrounding rock reach a critical cross-falling value, gradually inducing caving and recovering the jack-prop from the first mining part of a stope, and synchronously recovering the caving jack-prop ore from the next sublevel stope after falling into an empty stope;
the specific operation steps of the induced collapse recovery top column in the step (4) are as follows:
A rock drilling tunnel is downwards tunneled from the transportation tunnel at the upper stage every 10m and used for inducing caving and recovering the temporary jack-up, the distance between the tail end of the rock drilling tunnel and the temporary jack-up is not less than 5m, a sector medium-length hole is drilled from the rock drilling tunnel to the jack-up to be recovered, and the rock drilling tunnel is used for loading in sections and adopts millisecond delay blasting; the falling jack posts are simultaneously extracted and recovered by the ore extraction roadway of the lowest section, and the overlying waste rocks fall from the position of the induced collapse recovery jack posts, flow into and fill part of goaf;
(5) Ore falling from a stope and a top column which is recovered by induced caving and falls into an empty stope are transported to a stage drop shaft through a scraper, and then the ore is transported to the ground surface through a stage transportation roadway.
2. The temporary roof pillar induction caving and sill-less sublevel caving combined mining method of claim 1, characterized by: and (3) the extraction route has 1 section for accurate extraction in one stage, 1 section is used for rock drilling, 1 section is used for ore dropping, and 1 section is used for ore discharging.
3. The temporary roof pillar induction caving and sill-less sublevel caving combined mining method of claim 1, characterized by: the stage height of the dividing stage in the step (1) is 50-60 m, the ore block length is the distance between adjacent drop shafts, 60-80 m, the sectional height is 10-15 m, and the thickness of the temporary jacking column is 6-10 m.
4. The temporary roof pillar induction caving and sill-less sublevel caving combined mining method of claim 1, characterized by: the interval of the blast hole row in the step (3) is 1.5-1.8 m, the distance between the upper section leading section and the lower section is 8-15 m, and the extraction distance between the lowest section lagging section is more than or equal to 30m.
5. The temporary roof pillar induction caving and sill-less sublevel caving combined mining method of claim 1, characterized by: the specification of the rock drilling tunnel is 2 multiplied by 2m 2, and the length of the fan-shaped medium-length hole is 12-20 m.
6. The temporary roof pillar induction caving and sill-less sublevel caving combined mining method of claim 1, characterized by: the millisecond delay time is 20-80 ms.
CN202210201251.0A 2022-03-03 2022-03-03 Combined mining method of temporary top pillar induced caving and pillarless sublevel caving Active CN114592867B (en)

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CN115012932B (en) * 2022-06-24 2024-11-15 广西大学 Combined construction method of forced collapse and natural caving of overburden in the process of transition from open-pit method to caving method
CN115163074B (en) * 2022-07-20 2024-05-10 中南大学 Method for recycling top column and middle column in bottom column-free shallow hole ore-reserving subsequent filling mining method
CN115263311A (en) * 2022-08-12 2022-11-01 广西大学 Combined mining method of induced caving of suspended top pillar and sublevel caving of vertical deep hole ore breaking with bottom pillar
CN117266856B (en) * 2023-11-22 2024-01-30 长春黄金研究院有限公司 Inclined medium-thickness ore body double-access subsection open stope mining method

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CN101858217A (en) * 2010-05-18 2010-10-13 中南大学 Upward Layered Filling Mining Method of Room and Pillar Transformation Panel

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