CN110294580A - A kind of method of biotic population and artificial swamp combination processing Sediments - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for treating water body sediment by combining biological populations and artificial wetlands: adding biological bacteria and earthworm specially trained animal populations into the dehydrated sediment, covering the residual plant branches and fallen leaves on the sediment, The plants that collect the pollutant components of the sediment are planted on the surface of the sediment to construct a constructed wetland; the constructed wetland is managed daily to control the moisture content of the sediment, soil pH and soil temperature until the sediment meets the recycling standards. And there is no black and odor phenomenon on the surface. According to the characteristics of sediment pollution in rivers and other water bodies, the present invention proposes "the combination of biological bacteria, domesticated earthworm animal populations and artificial wetlands to treat sediment and resource utilization technology", and through the cooperative treatment of biological bacteria and domesticated animal populations, the sediment can be eliminated Medium and foul odor, improve the decomposition efficiency of organic pollutants, shorten the time for the bottom sludge to turn from black to yellow, and reduce the cost compared with traditional treatment methods such as transshipment and dry incineration.

Description

A method of combining biological populations and constructed wetlands to treat water body sediment

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of environmental management, and in particular relates to a method for treating river channel sediment by using biological bacteria and animal populations (earthworms, etc.) and artificial wetlands.

Background technique

In recent years, as the society has paid more and more attention to the problem of river pollution, river regulation and ecological restoration have achieved remarkable results. At the same time, it has also exposed practical problems such as the lack of technology and the difficulty of ecological governance in river sediment treatment, such as "black Smelly water body" treatment problem. As part of the river ecosystem, river sediment is also the "source" and "reservoir" of pollutants in river water. Pollutants entering the water body can enter the sediment through various physical channels such as sedimentation, adsorption, and biological absorption. Under certain conditions, the pollutants in the sediment will be re-released from the sediment and enter the upper water body, causing water environmental problems. At present, the technologies applied to river sediment treatment mainly include: river dredging, masking, and microbial remediation.

(1) Dredging

The traditional river dredging method has developed from early manual excavation to underwater dredger dredging, which is widely used at present. The interference of river silt removal to the river environment is getting smaller and smaller, but there are serious secondary problems in dredging sediment. Pollution, during transportation, will affect the passing environment, and there is also the problem of resettlement of river sediment. Moreover, in the process of dredging, it will affect the original ecosystem of the river, take away benthic organisms and microorganisms, break the long-term ecological balance, interrupt the food chain in the ecosystem, and cause the imbalance of the ecosystem.

(2) Masking

Masking is the placing of several layers of coverings, which can be different substances or fillers, over the contaminated sediment. Isolate the polluted sediment from the water body and prevent the transfer of sediment pollutants to the water body. The coverings used mainly include unpolluted bottom mud, sand, gravel or some complex artificial foundation materials. The cost of covering is low, the potential harm to the environment is small, and it can effectively prevent the pollutants in the sediment from entering the water body to cause secondary pollution, and it can significantly improve the water quality. However, due to the need for a large amount of filler during the treatment process, the filler will increase the height of the river bed, which is not conducive to the in-situ treatment of the river.

(3) Microbial remediation

Microbial remediation refers to the addition of laboratory-cultured microorganisms or nutrients that can promote the growth of original microorganisms in the sediment environment to the river without destroying the original natural environment. Method for in-situ remediation of sediment. Although this method does not produce secondary pollution, it has strict requirements on the river environment and is difficult to promote in a large area.

In summary, the defects and deficiencies of the prior art are reflected in:

1) The river sediment treatment process causes secondary pollution to the environment, which is not conducive to the ecological restoration of the polluted river.

2) The cost of river sludge treatment is high, and the degree of sludge recycling is low.

3) Microbial remediation has strict requirements on the implementation environment and is not suitable for large-scale promotion.

4) For the sludge treatment of water bodies such as rivers, there is still a lack of effective domestication methods for animal populations (for example, earthworms), resulting in a low survival rate of earthworms in the bottom mud, poor synergy with microorganisms, and the inability to eliminate sludge black in a short period of time. odor and restore the soil ecosystem.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating water body sediment by combining biological populations and constructed wetlands.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

Step 1: Dehydrate the sediment excavated from the bottom of the water body in the treatment bed, add biological bacteria and earthworm special training animal populations to the dehydrated sediment, and cover the residual plant branches and leaves on the sediment, and wait for the sediment to After the surface layer meets the planting conditions, the indigenous plants that can enrich the pollutant components of the sediment are planted on the surface of the sediment to construct an artificial wetland based on the treatment bed;

Among them, the special training animal population of earthworms is obtained by adding biological bacteria and earthworm populations into the substrate, and gradually increasing the proportion of the substrate to be treated in the substrate to induce and domesticate the earthworm populations; the biological bacteria are nitrifying bacteria, spores bacilli, actinomycetes, denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulating bacteria;

Step 2: During the daily management of the artificial wetland, control the moisture content, soil pH and soil temperature of the sediment contained in the treatment bed until the sediment in the treatment bed meets the recycling standard, and there is no black and odor phenomenon on the surface.

Preferably, the biological bacteria are obtained by cultivating and acclimating starting strains of nitrifying bacteria, bacillus, actinomycetes, denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulating bacteria in a medium added with bottom sludge to be treated.

Preferably, the substrate is selected from dry land soils near water bodies (for example, rivers, lakes) that do not appear to have black and odorous phenomena.

Preferably, the treatment bed is excavated beside a water body (for example, a river, a lake), and the excavated façade is provided with multi-layer fillers for purifying sewage whose particle size gradually increases from top to bottom, and the bottom of the treatment bed is provided with Drainage channels and anti-seepage layers that communicate with the outside world.

Preferably, the dehydration adopts the method of gravity release, and the dehydration is performed until the water content is less than 80%, so as to obtain the untreated sediment.

Preferably, the specially trained animal population is added to the dehydrated bottom sludge (that is, the bottom sludge to be treated in the treatment bed) at a feeding ratio of 1000-1500 animals/m ² .

Preferably, in said step 2, when the soil pH of the bottom mud is 6.0～7.5, and the soil temperature is greater than 8°C, the moisture content of the bottom mud is controlled to be less than 60%, thereby shortening the treatment period (treatment time) of the bottom mud for about 2 months).

Preferably, the following step is also included: use the bottom mud obtained after the treatment in the second step as garden soil or make building bricks after separating the earthworm population and earthworm droppings.

Preferably, the biological bacteria and earthworm special training animal populations can also be added to the dehydrated bottom sludge in the following manner: the bottom sludge obtained after the treatment in step 2 is directly mixed with Subsequent mixing of the bottom sludge obtained after excavation and dehydration (the bottom sludge to be treated in the treatment bed) is continued to realize the circular treatment of the bottom sludge.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in:

According to the characteristics of sediment pollution in rivers and other water bodies, the present invention proposes "the combination of biological bacteria, domesticated earthworm animal populations and artificial wetlands to treat sediment and resource utilization technology", and through the cooperative treatment of biological bacteria and domesticated animal populations, it can eliminate The foul smell in the mud improves the decomposition efficiency of organic pollutants, shortens the time for the bottom mud to turn from black to yellow, and reduces the cost compared with traditional treatment methods such as transshipment and dry incineration. The present invention can achieve sludge reduction through the reduction of organic matters, heavy metals and leachate, has obvious deodorizing effect, has no secondary pollution, and ensures environmental safety. The combination of biological bacteria, earthworm special training animal population and artificial wetland can effectively remove ammonia nitrogen and reduce COD organic matter in sediment. The treated sediment can be used as organic fertilizer for garden fertilization, and can also be used to make ecological bricks , to achieve a higher degree of resource utilization, so that the water body sediment (for example, river channel sediment) can be fully and reasonably utilized and safely disposed of.

The present invention proposes to use the artificial wetland to restore the soil ecological environment of the river bottom mud destroyed by pollution, wherein, through the intestinal digestion and decomposition of the earthworm animal population, the organic matter in the river bottom mud is decomposed and mineralized, thereby eliminating Odor and reduce N, P content, and the yellow cells in the earthworm body can enrich the heavy metal elements (such as: Fe, Mn, etc.) that make the bottom mud black, which can effectively reduce the content of organic matter and heavy metals in the bottom mud; Animal populations and biological bacteria work together, animals can increase porosity and oxygen content, promote the proliferation and growth of aerobic microorganisms, accelerate aerobic fermentation, promote growth, and aerobic biological bacteria (nitrifying bacteria, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria) regulate animal The living environment (soil ambient temperature, pH, humidity, etc.) is conducive to the growth of animal populations (especially in winter). The domesticated earthworm animal populations work together with plants to further remove the organic matter load and N and P content, and deeply remove the residual organic matter and heavy metal pollutants in the sludge.

Further, the anti-seepage treatment of the lower layer of the treatment bed, a small amount of sludge seepage liquid during the treatment process is absorbed and evaporated by plants, the water content is reduced, and animals and plants are decomposed and transformed, so that the water quality of the constructed wetland is purified, and the water discharged during the treatment process Surface water is more in line with environmental quality requirements.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the sludge treatment flowchart of biological population;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the constructed wetland;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of collaborative treatment of microorganisms, animal populations and constructed wetlands;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of synergy between microorganisms and earthworms;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of synergy between earthworms and constructed wetland plants;

Fig. 6 is environmental protection dredging and silt (bottom mud) solidification process diagram;

In the figure: 1-plant, 2-earthworm, 3-biological bacteria, 4-pool, 5-sand, 6-gravel, 7-small stone, 8-big stone, 9-geotechnical tube bag, 10-dosing For tanks, the value of W is 4 meters, and the value of H is 0-6 meters.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The examples are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to restore the river bottom mud economically and resourcefully, the present invention proposes a method for treating the river bottom mud by combining animal populations such as biological bacteria, domesticated earthworms and artificial wetlands.

(1) Domestication of biological bacteria and animal populations

1) Biological preparations

The biological bacteria preparation adopts the bacterial liquid obtained by microbial proliferation and culture. The microorganisms contained in the bacterial liquid can continuously produce a variety of biological enzymes, avoiding the use of a single biological enzyme to reduce the processing capacity due to inactivation. Biological bacteria mainly degrade the organic parts and odor-causing substances that are relatively easy to degrade in the sediment, and have limited degradation effect on organic substances such as high molecular polymers that are difficult to degrade (the pollutants that cause the bottom to turn black cannot be effectively treated).

Bacteria solution A:

1) Take the river bottom mud to be treated to make a suspension, then add the suspension (the mass fraction of the bottom mud in the final culture system is 70% to 85%), nitrifying bacteria and bacillus to the culture medium (in order to remove Organic matter, the medium used is beef extract peptone agar medium, provide corresponding carbon source and nitrogen source respectively, adjust the pH to 7.2-7.6), shake culture on a shaker (temperature 20-25 ℃, humidity 60%-70 %), making nitrifying bacteria and bacillus domesticated and expanding the population size.

2) Take the river bottom mud to be treated to make a suspension, then add the suspension (the mass fraction of the bottom mud in the final culture system is 70% to 85%) and actinomycetes to the starch nitrate medium, and vibrate on a shaker Cultivation (temperature 20-25° C., humidity 60%-70%) enables the actinomycetes to be domesticated and the population size to be enlarged.

3) Mix the nitrifying bacteria, the bacillus bacteria solution and the actinomycetes bacteria solution (for example, mix according to the equal volume ratio).

Bacteria solution B:

Take the river bottom mud to be treated to make a suspension, then add the suspension (the mass fraction of the bottom mud in the final culture system is 70% to 85%) and the denitrifying bacteria into the aerobic denitrifying bacteria culture medium, and vibrate on the shaker Cultivation (temperature 20-25° C., humidity 60%-70%) enables the denitrifying bacteria to be domesticated and the population scale to be enlarged.

Bacteria solution C:

Take the river channel sediment to be treated to make a suspension, and then add the suspension (the mass fraction of the sediment in the final culture system is 70% to 85%) and phosphorus-accumulating bacteria into the phosphorus-rich medium (pH is 7.0 to 7.1), avoiding Light cultivation (temperature 20-25° C., humidity 60%-70%) enables the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria to be domesticated and the population size to be expanded.

Mix the bacteria liquids A, B, and C containing the domesticated biological bacteria (for example, mix according to the equal volume ratio) to form an aerobic biological bacteria preparation (the number of bacteria per unit volume is 2×10 ⁸ to 4×10 ⁸ / mL).

2) Animal population domestication

According to the living habits and ecological niche of animals, combined with the characteristics of sludge, animals such as earthworms are introduced into the river sludge treatment project through domestication.

Take the domestication of earthworm populations as an example, see Figure 1:

2.1) Induction

Lay the dry land soil near the river (no black odor caused by pollution) in the cultivation bed, and control the thickness of the soil layer (0.2-1.5 meters), moisture content (<80%), and soil pH (6.0-7.5) , soil temperature (>8°C), put earthworms into the soil, and at the same time inoculate (300-500mL/m ² ) the biological preparation prepared above into the soil, and wait for the earthworm population to grow normally in the soil (this step It takes about 12 to 24 hours), go to step 2.2;

2.2) 50%, 75%, 90% sludge domestication

2.2.1) Mix the soil of the growing earthworm population with the river sediment to be treated according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and respread it in the culture bed (make N batches, N≥10), and use the same control conditions to screen Earthworm populations normally growing in mixed soil (50% sludge) (this step takes approximately 12 to 120 hours);

2.2.2) Mix the mixed soil of the growing earthworm population screened in step 2.2.1 with the river sediment to be treated according to the volume ratio of 1:3, and respread in the culture bed (make N batches, N≥5) , using the same control conditions to screen the normal growth earthworm populations in mixed soil (75% sludge) (this step generally takes 24 to 72 hours);

2.2.3) Mix the mixed soil of the growing earthworm population screened in step 2.2.2 with the river sediment to be treated according to the volume ratio of 1:9, and respread in the culture bed (make N batches, N≥3) , using the same control conditions, screen the normal growth of earthworm populations in mixed soil (90% sludge) (this step generally takes 12 to 120 hours); go to step 2.3;

2.3) 100% sludge domestication

The earthworm population in the mixed soil after the screening of step 2.2.3 is separated, put into the bottom mud of the river course to be treated again (100% sludge, make N batches, N≥10), adopt the same control condition to continue screening ( This step generally takes 24 to 120 hours).

Finally, stable biological bacteria and specially trained animal population seeds are composed of domesticated earthworms and biological bacteria preparations (nitrifying bacteria, bacillus, actinomycetes, denitrifying bacteria, and phosphorus-accumulating bacteria). Among them, earthworms use their own abundant enzymes to The system can quickly decompose organic pollutants and convert them into easily available nutrients. After the sludge (river sediment) is treated by domesticated earthworms, the organic matter content increases, and the water-soluble substances increase (low molecular weight organic acids and amino acids, etc.) ), accelerated the compost stabilization process, and increased microbial activity (so that the above biological bacteria can use the bottom mud to be treated as a source of carbon, nitrogen and other nutrients, and degrade certain pollution contained in the bottom mud through biotransformation substances, and the use of biological bacteria to degrade the pollutants in the sediment will not introduce secondary pollution). The synergistic effect of animals and microorganisms can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, and quickly deodorize and restore the color of the sediment itself (for example, remove black matter).

(2) Screening of Constructed Wetland Plants

Transplant indigenous plants 1, and select varieties with better nitrogen removal effects through experiments, such as Calamus, Malan, and Shichangpu, and varieties with better phosphorus removal effects, such as Malan, Hemerocallis, and Calamus; choose according to the local climate environment It is suitable for species with large biomass that grow in polluted environment, for example, bermudagrass, saponins, reeds, cattails, etc.

(3) Construction of sludge biological treatment bed

Referring to Fig. 2, the treatment bed is a pool 4 excavated and built beside the river, the bottom of the pool 4 has an outlet pipe (for drainage), and an anti-seepage layer (seepage-proof geomembrane) is laid, and the side walls of the pool 4 are stacked in four layers Permeable packing, the materials used in the packing layer from bottom to top are large stones 8, small stones 7, gravel 6 and sand 5, thus constructing a device for purifying sewage with particle sizes gradually increasing from top to bottom.

(4) Biological bacteria, specially trained animal populations and constructed wetlands cooperate with each other to treat river sediment

1) Excavation and dehydration of sediment

Referring to Fig. 6, the excavated bottom mud is dehydrated (for example, utilize the geotechnical tube bag 9 to stand still, drain and solidify naturally, and can utilize the dosing tank 10 to add flocculant in advance in the excavated bottom mud to accelerate dehydration) , The sewage separated during solidification is filtered by the packing layer on the wall of the treatment bed to purify the discharged water, effectively avoiding the secondary pollution of the river water body caused by excavating the sediment.

2) Constructed wetland construction

After natural solidification for a certain period of time (24-72 hours, water content less than 80%), it is the river bottom mud to be treated (the thickness of the bottom mud in the treatment bed can be set to 0.2-1.5 meters). Put biological bacteria 3 and seeds of specially trained animal populations (300-500mL/m ² for aerobic biological bacteria preparation, and 1000-1500 earthworms 2/m ² ) into the river bottom mud to be treated. The mud surface can be covered with plant residues and fallen leaves collected in and near the river. In daily production management, control the water content (for example, the moisture content is less than 60%) and regularly detect the physical and chemical indicators of the soil in the treatment bed (for example, the soil pH is 6.0-7.5, and the soil temperature is greater than 8°C). Mud Quality for Land Improvement for Mud Disposal (GB/T24600-2009), after the surface soil of the river bottom mud is tested to be qualified, the selected plant species are planted on the surface of the river bottom mud in the treatment bed (for example, suitable for treating organic matter and having a good effect on absorbing heavy metals Reeds and cattail grasses) use plants to remove nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil. The food chain in the root ecosystem at the bottom of plants not only plays a role in the enrichment of heavy metals by plants, but also promotes the accumulation of heavy metals by earthworms and other biological populations distributed at the bottom of plants. secondary enrichment.

3) Recycling and recycling

Referring to the "Mud Quality for Land Improvement of Sludge Disposal in Urban Sewage Treatment Plants" (GB/T 24600-2009), after all the bottom sludge in the treatment bed is qualified, the ecological environment of the river bottom sludge damaged by pollution will be restored and can be recovered by After extracting earthworms and vermicompost, use them as garden soil or make ecological bricks in the rainwater structure system for urban construction to achieve a high degree of resource utilization. At the same time, the recycled river sediment containing biological populations can be directly used with new The excavated and naturally solidified river channel sediment is mixed in proportion (volume ratio 1:1 to 1:2), and the sediment is recycled to speed up the processing process.

4) The principle of restoring the ecological environment of river bottom mud soil

4.1) The synergistic relationship between biological bacteria, specially trained animal populations and constructed wetlands

As shown in Figure 3, organic matter is biodegraded by using the unique physiological functions of trained earthworms and their synergy with microorganisms in the environment, and the nutrients such as C and N in the sediment, residual branches, fallen leaves and other wastes are converted into The form (fixed state) that is more conducive to plant absorption, while earthworms reduce the content of organic matter in sludge, can also effectively enrich and transform heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, etc., and discharge vermicompost at the same time. The combination of biological bacteria, specially trained animal populations and constructed wetland system can not only promote the degradation of plant residues, fallen leaves and pollutants in the sediment, the decomposition and mineralization of organic matter, but also have the functions of mixing soil, improving soil structure, and improving soil quality. The ability of air permeability and field water holding capacity, the stabilization of humus and the reduction of pollutants, and the enhancement of microbial diversity. Thus, the restoration of the ecological environment of the river bottom mud soil destroyed by pollution is accelerated.

Restoration mainly consists of three stages. In the first stage, the phagocytosis and digestion of biological bacteria and earthworms in specially trained animal populations break up the large particles in the sludge, and convert the refractory components into easily degradable components, which are then absorbed and utilized by the microbial community. Oxidative decomposition, such as converting insoluble macromolecular organic substances (proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, etc.) into water-soluble organic substances such as amino acids and glucose. In the second stage, the inner wall of the earthworm's intestine secretes various enzymes (lipase, protease, etc.), and under the joint action of these enzymes and microorganisms, the organic matter is further hydrolyzed, thereby facilitating the removal of the organic matter. In the third stage, through the digestion of earthworms, most of the organic matter in the bottom mud is decomposed and digested, and a very small amount of undigested organic matter is excreted from the body (forming vermicompost). The river channel sediment after passing the test can be recycled (for example, as garden soil), or mixed with untreated sediment, and recycled in the first stage.

4.2) Synergy between biological bacteria and specially trained animal populations

Referring to Figure 4, microorganisms feed on colloidal and dissolved organic matter in the channel sediment and form biofilms. Earthworms feed on suspended solids (a small amount of accumulated water at the bottom of the treatment bed) and microorganisms to loosen the bottom mud. Earthworms prey on and decompose biofilm, reducing and stabilizing sludge. Earthworms drill up and down during the foraging process, which is not only beneficial to the migration of microorganisms and the degradation of pollutants, but also increases the oxygen content in the sediment in the treatment bed to make it naturally ventilated, which can replace the aeration in traditional sewage treatment pool. That is to say, in the constructed wetland system, microorganisms and earthworms are in a synergistic relationship in the biological chain. The biofilm formed by the digestion of microorganisms becomes a food source for special training animal populations with high nutritional levels, while the creeping action of earthworms , and provides an oxygen environment for microorganisms, which in turn helps microorganisms to degrade organic matter.

4.3) Synergy between specially trained animal populations and constructed wetland plants

See Figure 5, using the "loosening" effect of domesticated earthworms to improve internal hydraulic conduction and dissolved oxygen transmission, improve the function of microorganisms, and significantly improve the ability of constructed wetland plants to remove pollutants. Specifically in:

1. The growth of artificial wetland plants changes the flow state of the sediment in the treatment bed, and the obstruction of plant roots and stems to the water flow is conducive to uniform water distribution (the treatment bed is in the open state and receives natural rainfall), prolonging the hydraulic retention time ( HRT), through the extension of the hydraulic retention time, there is more time for nitrification and denitrification, and better removal of nitrogen contained in the percolation sewage in the sediment.

2. The root system of constructed wetland plants forms a micro-environment that is conducive to the growth of microorganisms, and forms an aerobic micro-zone that is conducive to nitrification near the plant root system. At the same time, there is a large amount of available carbon source in the anaerobic zone far away from the root system. Also provides denitrification conditions.

3. The growth of constructed wetland plants can absorb various nutrients, especially nitrate nitrogen (N-NO ₃ -).

(5) Treatment effect evaluation

1. Experiment on river sediment treatment in Xi'an Chan-Ba Ecological Zone

Sludge collection at the sampling point: The river bottom silt is about 2 meters thick, the sludge is black, and has a pungent odor. Sampling time: July 20, 2018. After using the treatment bed for 30 days (the plants were planted on the first day after the treatment), the biological population degraded the pollutants effectively, the color changed from black to yellow, and there was no odor. After 60 days of treatment, the effect of biological populations on degrading pollutants was obvious, and the sediment appeared yellow.

The collected samples (original samples) and processed samples (processed samples) are entrusted to a unit with testing qualifications for testing and a testing report is issued, see Table 1.

Table 1 Detection results of some indicators of river sediment

2. Evaluation of experimental results of river sediment treatment

1) The treatment rate of the organic matter that causes the pungent and foul smell of the bottom mud is as high as 69%, and the deodorization effect is obvious.

2) The content of heavy metals in the river sediment treatment samples is lower than the national standard "Mud Quality for Land Improvement of Sludge Disposal in Urban Sewage Treatment Plants" (GB/T 24600-2009). Heavy metals are enriched in in situ cultured microorganisms, specially tamed animals (earthworms) and other biological populations.

3) See Table 2 for the comparison of treatment costs and benefits.

Table 2. Comparison of costs and benefits of different technologies for treating river sludge

(6) Technical characteristics of river sediment treatment

The invention provides a method for treating river channel sediment by combining biological bacteria, specially trained animal populations and artificial wetlands. This method mainly has the following advantages:

1) Use biotechnology to solve the problem of river sediment pollutant treatment, turn waste into bio-organic matter, which can be used to process organic fertilizers, and earthworms can be used as feed, organic food, medicine and daily chemicals to achieve comprehensive utilization of resources and circular development .

2) Strengthen biological (microbial and specially trained animal populations) treatment, enhance the synergistic purification effect of animals, microorganisms, and plants, improve the treatment rate and efficiency of river sediment pollutants, and shorten the treatment time.

3) Based on the food chain theory, the food chain is "added" by introducing biota, and the coordination of animals and microorganisms is used to accelerate the decomposition and transformation of pollutants.

4) Use the joint action of microorganisms and specially trained animal populations to achieve rapid reduction of sludge pollutants, loosen soil quality, improve oxygen supply conditions, restore the ecosystem of sediments in rivers and lakes and other water bodies, and increase the utilization value of sediments.

5) Improve the adaptability and survival rate of microorganisms and earthworms to the sediment of water bodies such as river courses.

Claims (9)

1. A method for combining biological populations and constructed wetlands to treat water body sediment, characterized in that: comprising the following steps: Step 1: Dehydrate the bottom mud excavated from the water body in the treatment bed, add biological bacteria and earthworm special training animal populations to the dehydrated bottom mud, and cover the plant residual branches and leaves on the bottom mud, and then the rich Plants that collect sediment pollutant components are planted on the surface of the sediment to construct an artificial wetland based on the treatment bed; Among them, the special training animal population of earthworms is obtained by adding biological bacteria and earthworm populations into the substrate, and gradually increasing the proportion of the substrate to be treated in the substrate to induce and domesticate the earthworm populations; the biological bacteria are nitrifying bacteria, spores bacilli, actinomycetes, denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulating bacteria; Step 2: During the daily management of the constructed wetland, control the moisture content of the sediment contained in the treatment bed until the sediment in the treatment bed meets the recycling standard, and there is no black and odor phenomenon on the surface. 2. according to claim 1, a kind of biological population and artificial wetland combine the method for processing water body bottom mud, it is characterized in that: described biological bacteria is that nitrifying bacteria, bacillus, actinomycetes, denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulating bacteria The starting strain was obtained after acclimatization in the culture medium added with the sediment to be treated. 3 . The method for treating water body sediment in combination with biological populations and constructed wetlands according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is selected from dryland soils that are apparently free from black and odorous phenomena. 4 . 4. According to claim 1, a method for combining biological populations and constructed wetlands to treat water body sediment, is characterized in that: the treatment bed is excavated beside the water body, and the excavated façade is provided with particle diameters from top to bottom Gradually increase the multi-layer filler used to purify sewage, and the bottom of the treatment bed is provided with a drainage channel and an anti-seepage layer that communicate with the outside world. 5. A method for treating water body sediment by combining biological populations and constructed wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dehydration adopts a gravity release method, and the dehydration is performed until the water content is <80%, so as to obtain the untreated sediment. 6. A method for combining biological populations and constructed wetlands to treat water body sediment according to claim 1, characterized in that: said earthworm special training animal population is added to the dehydrated animal population according to the feeding ratio of 1000-1500/ ^m2 Bottom mud. 7. A method for treating water body sediment by combining biological populations and constructed wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the moisture content of the sediment is controlled to be less than 60%. 8. According to claim 1, a method for combining biological populations and constructed wetlands to treat water body bottom mud, is characterized in that: it also includes the following steps: separating the earthworm population and earthworm excrement from the bottom mud obtained after step two treatment Finally, it can be used as garden soil or to make building bricks. 9. According to claim 1, a method for combining biological populations and constructed wetlands to treat water body sediments is characterized in that: said biological bacteria and earthworm special training animal populations are added to the dehydrated sediments in the following manner: The bottom mud obtained after the treatment in step 2 is directly mixed with the bottom mud obtained after subsequent excavation and dehydration without separating the earthworm population and earthworm droppings.