CN112840940A - Ecological restoration method for tailing pond - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for tailing pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN112840940A CN112840940A CN202110148960.2A CN202110148960A CN112840940A CN 112840940 A CN112840940 A CN 112840940A CN 202110148960 A CN202110148960 A CN 202110148960A CN 112840940 A CN112840940 A CN 112840940A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 51
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000018650 Pinus massoniana Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011610 Pinus tabuliformis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037208 balanced nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019046 balanced nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006667 Aleurites moluccana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004957 Castanea mollissima Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018244 Castanea mollissima Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008866 Ziziphus nummularia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000126002 Ziziphus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000008529 Ziziphus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/30—Rearing or breeding invertebrates
- A01K67/33—Earthworms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for ecologically restoring a tailing pond, which relates to the technical field of mine ecological restoration and environmental management, and comprises the following steps: s1, carrying out top-layer arrangement on the tailings: through mechanical leveling, the surface layer of the tailing pond is leveled until no stone and no pit hollow land exist on the surface layer of the tailing pond, then a repairing unit is arranged according to the width of every 7 m, 1 m is arranged between every two adjacent repairing units, sludge wormcast conversion platforms with the width of 1.5 m are reserved on two sides in each repairing unit, and rainwater collection ditches with the depth of 5cm and the width of 10cm are reserved on two edges of each platform. The method for ecologically restoring the tailing pond fully utilizes urban sludge resources, saves a large amount of engineering cost compared with other restoring methods, and solves the problem that the ecological restoration of the urban sludge and the tailing pond is very painful when the urban sludge and the tailing pond are independently treated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine ecological restoration and environmental management, in particular to a method for restoring ecology of a tailing pond.
Background
The tailing pond is a place which is formed by intercepting a valley opening or surrounding land and used for piling metal or nonmetal mines, carrying out ore separation and then discharging tailings or other industrial waste residues. The tailings are large in quantity and fine in particle, and some tailings also contain heavy metals. The tailings pond is a dangerous source of artificial debris flow with high potential energy, and the main tasks of ecological restoration of the tailings pond are as follows: the ecological function of the tailing pond is gradually recovered through scientific and systematic ecological restoration and long-term ecological fostering measures, and self-sustainable development of ecological environment and ecological system balance are gradually formed.
At present, the tailing pond restoration technology in China mainly comprises the following steps: directly covering with soil and then cultivating plants for restoration; establishing various repairing modules, and cultivating plants in the repairing modules for repairing; and the tailings pond is repaired by soilless culture plants. The same disadvantages exist in the several tailings pond repairing technologies: the engineering quantity is large, and the resource waste is much; a large amount of mechanical equipment and manpower are required to be invested, and the cost is high; the later maintenance is inconvenient, the cost is high, and the method is not suitable for large-scale popularization and use; the municipal sludge is used as a raw material and is converted into a soil conditioner of the tailing pond by earthworms to achieve self-balance of an ecological system of the tailing pond, so that ecological restoration of the tailing pond is achieved; the ecological restoration method for the tailing pond has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, small investment, quick effect, low operation cost, large-scale popularization and the like in the whole process. Ecological benefits of the ecologically repaired tailing pond are shown in the current year, and the scale ecological benefits are shown in the first year; the restoration method not only solves the harmless resource utilization of the municipal sludge, but also solves the ecological restoration of the tailing pond, achieves the aim of 'treating waste by waste' by killing two birds with one stone, realizes the safe restoration and realizes the comprehensive utilization. In order to realize the ecological restoration of the tailing pond more efficiently and environmentally, a set of scientific and systematic ecological restoration method needs to be established.
Therefore, a method for ecologically restoring the tailings pond is needed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for ecologically restoring a tailing pond, which solves the problems of large engineering quantity, much resource waste, large investment of mechanical equipment and manpower, high cost, inconvenient later maintenance and high cost, which are not suitable for large-scale popularization and use in the existing tailing pond restoring technology.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for ecological restoration of a tailings pond, comprising the steps of:
s1, carrying out top-layer arrangement on the tailings: leveling the surface layer of a tailing pond through mechanical leveling until the surface layer of the tailing pond is free of stones and pits, then taking every 7 m of width as a repairing unit, spacing 1 m between every two adjacent repairing units, reserving sludge wormcast conversion platforms with the width of 1.5 m at two sides in each repairing unit respectively, reserving rainwater collection grooves with the depth of 5cm and the width of 10cm at two edges of each platform, storing nutrient moisture for earthworm growth and plant growth, and reserving an operation road with the width of 4 m between the two conversion platforms for daily maintenance and management;
s2, adding amount and adding mode of sludge for ecological restoration of a tailing pond: the adding mode of the municipal sludge is a mode combining manual adding and mechanical adding, firstly, the municipal sludge is uniformly added to sludge wormcast conversion platforms on two sides of a repair unit along a middle road of the repair unit by an automatic adding machine, then, the municipal sludge is flattened into a trapezoid by manpower, the adding amount is 1 meter in width and 30 centimeters in thickness for the first time, the adding amount is 15 centimeters in width and 1 meter in width for each time, and the municipal sludge does not need to enter into water collecting ditches on two sides of the sludge wormcast conversion platforms;
s3, using the standard requirements of earthworms for ecological restoration of a tailing pond: the earthworm throwing time is generally selected between 8-10 am or 4-5 pm, the number of thrown earthworms is 8000-00 pieces per square meter, a layer of earthworm dung is scattered on the surface of a conversion platform after the earthworms are thrown, a stress reaction shelter is provided for the earthworms, the management of the earthworms in summer mainly takes prevention of high temperature and excessive evaporation of water as main measures, a layer of felt cloth with the thickness of 1 cm is covered on the conversion platform, the heat preservation and the high temperature and rain prevention can be realized, the management in winter takes the heat preservation and the freezing prevention as main measures, a layer of plastic film is covered on the conversion platform after the felt is covered on the conversion platform, and the external compaction and the pressure are well performed to prevent wind;
s4, selecting the types of the plants cultivated in the tailing pond: the wormcast has good air permeability and water retention property and rich and balanced nutrition, so that various plants can be cultivated, and deep-root trees and shallow-root plants can be planted under the special geological conditions of a tailing pond in an alternate planting mode;
s5, selecting the plant cultivation time in the tailing pond: the plant cultivation time is limited by two factors, namely the optimum time for cultivating the plant is the first thing, and the wormcast supply time for cultivating the plant is the second thing, and generally, a one-year period is needed from the first use of municipal sludge as a raw material for converting the wormcast to the full supply of the wormcast for cultivating the plant;
s6, a method for ecologically restoring cultivated plants in a tailing pond: after sufficient wormcast exists, plants are cultivated, the wormcast is reserved between every two restoration units within the range of 1 m in width according to the original, firstly, pits are dug at intervals of 4 m in length, the depth is determined according to the variety of the planted trees, but the width of each pit needs to ensure that the sufficient wormcast can be placed so as to ensure the survival rate of the saplings, then, the wormcast with the thickness of 15-20 cm is spread within the range of 1 m in width, alfalfa is planted in the pits after the wormcast is leveled, and the effect of fixing soil, protecting slopes and intercepting sediment can be achieved due to the developed root systems of the wormcast;
s7, comprehensive utilization of wormcast and plant fallen leaves: the fallen leaves of plant and alfalfa's output also is very big, but does not sell it, but mix it on earthworm cast conversion platform with earthworm cast, thereby can improve the output of earthworm cast on the one hand, more can increase the organic matter of earthworm cast, winter mixes it and can also play heat retaining effect in conversion platform, on the other hand the stem leaf of long-time withered and mixing with earthworm cast can take place complicated biological reaction, the microbial community that makes the plant rely on the existence is active abundantly, thereby make the plant survival rate higher more flourishing. The reasonable utilization of the plant dried stems and leaves and the wormcast enables the ecological cycle of the tailing pond to be formed initially and gradually forms a self-maintaining ecological balance system.
Preferably, the tailings pond ecological restoration in the S2 uses municipal sludge which is required to meet the limit value requirement of class B sludge product pollutants in (GB 4284-2018), or the standard of 'sludge quality for sludge treatment and landscaping in urban sewage treatment plants' GB/T23486-2009 landscaping, or the standard of 'sludge quality for sludge treatment and land improvement in urban sewage treatment plants' GB/T24600-2009 soil improvement, the adding mode and adding amount of the municipal sludge.
Preferably, the trees with deep root systems in the S4 can be planted as Chinese pine, Chinese chestnut, locust, willow and jujube trees, the trees with shallow root systems can be planted as poplar trees, and the surface layer can be planted with alfalfa.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for ecologically restoring the tailing pond fully utilizes urban sludge resources, saves a large amount of engineering cost compared with other restoring methods, and solves the problem that the ecological restoration of the urban sludge and the tailing pond is very painful when the urban sludge and the tailing pond are independently treated.
2. The earthworm cast used in the method has good porosity, air permeability, water drainage and high water holding capacity, is beneficial to the growth of the root system of the plant, and has large surface area, so that a plurality of beneficial microorganisms can live and have good capacity of absorbing and maintaining nutrient substances, thereby providing sufficient nutrient supply for the growth of the plant.
3. According to the method for ecologically restoring the tailings pond, the restoring unit, the sludge wormcast conversion platform, the rainwater collection ditch and the innovative design of plant planting among the restoring units are adopted, so that the space of the tailings pond is fully utilized, various natural resources are fully utilized, the self ecological sustainable and good development can be met almost without an external water source, and the risk of debris flow in the tailings pond is reduced.
4. Compared with other technical methods, the method for ecologically restoring the tailing pond only needs a small amount of manual work and simple small-sized machinery in the implementation process, does not need large operation on the tailing pond, does not need large-sized mechanical equipment, and has low cost compared with other methods.
5. The method for ecologically restoring the tailing pond has the advantages of simple and convenient operation and maintenance during restoring operation, low cost, strong reproducibility and popularization and suitability for most regions in China.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for ecological restoration of a tailings pond, comprising the steps of:
s1, carrying out top-layer arrangement on the tailings: leveling the surface layer of a tailing pond through mechanical leveling until the surface layer of the tailing pond is free of stones and pits, then taking every 7 m of width as a repairing unit, spacing 1 m between every two adjacent repairing units, reserving sludge wormcast conversion platforms with the width of 1.5 m at two sides in each repairing unit respectively, reserving rainwater collection grooves with the depth of 5cm and the width of 10cm at two edges of each platform, storing nutrient moisture for earthworm growth and plant growth, and reserving an operation road with the width of 4 m between the two conversion platforms for daily maintenance and management;
s2, adding amount and adding mode of sludge for ecological restoration of a tailing pond: the adding mode of the municipal sludge is a mode combining manual adding and mechanical adding, firstly, the municipal sludge is uniformly added to sludge wormcast conversion platforms on two sides of a repair unit along a middle road of the repair unit by an automatic adding machine, then, the municipal sludge is flattened into a trapezoid by manpower, the adding amount is 1 meter in width and 30 centimeters in thickness for the first time, the adding amount is 15 centimeters in width and 1 meter in width for each time, and the municipal sludge does not need to enter into water collecting ditches on two sides of the sludge wormcast conversion platforms;
s3, using the standard requirements of earthworms for ecological restoration of a tailing pond: the earthworm throwing time is generally selected between 8-10 am or 4-5 pm, the number of thrown earthworms is 8000-00 pieces per square meter, a layer of earthworm dung is scattered on the surface of a conversion platform after the earthworms are thrown, a stress reaction shelter is provided for the earthworms, the management of the earthworms in summer mainly takes prevention of high temperature and excessive evaporation of water as main measures, a layer of felt cloth with the thickness of 1 cm is covered on the conversion platform, the heat preservation and the high temperature and rain prevention can be realized, the management in winter takes the heat preservation and the freezing prevention as main measures, a layer of plastic film is covered on the conversion platform after the felt is covered on the conversion platform, and the external compaction and the pressure are well performed to prevent wind;
s4, selecting the types of the plants cultivated in the tailing pond: the wormcast has good air permeability and water retention property and rich and balanced nutrition, so that various plants can be cultivated, and deep-root trees and shallow-root plants can be planted under the special geological conditions of a tailing pond in an alternate planting mode;
s5, selecting the plant cultivation time in the tailing pond: the plant cultivation time is limited by two factors, namely the optimum time for cultivating the plant is the first thing, and the wormcast supply time for cultivating the plant is the second thing, and generally, a one-year period is needed from the first use of municipal sludge as a raw material for converting the wormcast to the full supply of the wormcast for cultivating the plant;
s6, a method for ecologically restoring cultivated plants in a tailing pond: after sufficient wormcast exists, plants are cultivated, the wormcast is reserved between every two restoration units within the range of 1 m in width according to the original, firstly, pits are dug at intervals of 4 m in length, the depth is determined according to the variety of the planted trees, but the width of each pit needs to ensure that the sufficient wormcast can be placed so as to ensure the survival rate of the saplings, then, the wormcast with the thickness of 15-20 cm is spread within the range of 1 m in width, alfalfa is planted in the pits after the wormcast is leveled, and the effect of fixing soil, protecting slopes and intercepting sediment can be achieved due to the developed root systems of the wormcast;
s7, comprehensive utilization of wormcast and plant fallen leaves: the fallen leaves of plant and alfalfa's output also is very big, but does not sell it, but mix it on earthworm cast conversion platform with earthworm cast, thereby can improve the output of earthworm cast on the one hand, more can increase the organic matter of earthworm cast, winter mixes it and can also play heat retaining effect in conversion platform, on the other hand the stem leaf of long-time withered and mixing with earthworm cast can take place complicated biological reaction, the microbial community that makes the plant rely on the existence is active abundantly, thereby make the plant survival rate higher more flourishing. The reasonable utilization of the plant dried stems and leaves and the wormcast enables the ecological cycle of the tailing pond to be formed initially and gradually forms a self-maintaining ecological balance system.
The tailings pond ecological restoration in the S2 uses municipal sludge which is required to meet the limit value requirement of B-grade sludge product pollutants in GB4284-2018, or the standards of sludge quality for sludge treatment and landscaping in urban sewage treatment plants GB/T23486-2009 landscaping, or the sludge quality for sludge treatment and land improvement in urban sewage treatment plants GB/T24600-2009 soil improvement, and the adding mode and adding amount of the municipal sludge.
The trees with deep root system in S4 can be planted as Chinese pine, chestnut, locust, willow, and jujube tree, the trees with shallow root system can be planted as poplar, and the surface layer can be planted with alfalfa.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for ecologically restoring a tailing pond is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out top-layer arrangement on the tailings: leveling the surface layer of a tailing pond through mechanical leveling until the surface layer of the tailing pond is free of stones and pits, then taking every 7 m of width as a repairing unit, spacing 1 m between every two adjacent repairing units, reserving sludge wormcast conversion platforms with the width of 1.5 m at two sides in each repairing unit respectively, reserving rainwater collection grooves with the depth of 5cm and the width of 10cm at two edges of each platform, storing nutrient moisture for earthworm growth and plant growth, and reserving an operation road with the width of 4 m between the two conversion platforms for daily maintenance and management;
s2, adding amount and adding mode of sludge for ecological restoration of a tailing pond: the adding mode of the municipal sludge is a mode combining manual adding and mechanical adding, firstly, the municipal sludge is uniformly added to sludge wormcast conversion platforms on two sides of a repair unit along a middle road of the repair unit by an automatic adding machine, then, the municipal sludge is flattened into a trapezoid by manpower, the adding amount is 1 meter in width and 30 centimeters in thickness for the first time, the adding amount is 15 centimeters in width and 1 meter in width for each time, and the municipal sludge does not need to enter into water collecting ditches on two sides of the sludge wormcast conversion platforms;
s3, using the standard requirements of earthworms for ecological restoration of a tailing pond: the earthworm throwing time is generally selected between 8-10 am or 4-5 pm, the number of thrown earthworms is 8000-00 pieces per square meter, a layer of earthworm dung is scattered on the surface of a conversion platform after the earthworms are thrown, a stress reaction shelter is provided for the earthworms, the management of the earthworms in summer mainly takes prevention of high temperature and excessive evaporation of water as main measures, a layer of felt cloth with the thickness of 1 cm is covered on the conversion platform, the heat preservation and the high temperature and rain prevention can be realized, the management in winter takes the heat preservation and the freezing prevention as main measures, a layer of plastic film is covered on the conversion platform after the felt is covered on the conversion platform, and the external compaction and the pressure are well performed to prevent wind;
s4, selecting the types of the plants cultivated in the tailing pond: the wormcast has good air permeability and water retention property and rich and balanced nutrition, so that various plants can be cultivated, and deep-root trees and shallow-root plants can be planted under the special geological conditions of a tailing pond in an alternate planting mode;
s5, selecting the plant cultivation time in the tailing pond: the plant cultivation time is limited by two factors, namely the optimum time for cultivating the plant is the first thing, and the wormcast supply time for cultivating the plant is the second thing, and generally, a one-year period is needed from the first use of municipal sludge as a raw material for converting the wormcast to the full supply of the wormcast for cultivating the plant;
s6, a method for ecologically restoring cultivated plants in a tailing pond: after sufficient wormcast exists, plants are cultivated, the wormcast is reserved between every two restoration units within the range of 1 m in width according to the original, firstly, pits are dug at intervals of 4 m in length, the depth is determined according to the variety of the planted trees, but the width of each pit needs to ensure that the sufficient wormcast can be placed so as to ensure the survival rate of the saplings, then, the wormcast with the thickness of 15-20 cm is spread within the range of 1 m in width, alfalfa is planted in the pits after the wormcast is leveled, and the effect of fixing soil, protecting slopes and intercepting sediment can be achieved due to the developed root systems of the wormcast;
s7, comprehensive utilization of wormcast and plant fallen leaves: the fallen leaves of the plant and the alfalfa are also great in yield, but not sold, but are mixed with the earthworm cast on the earthworm cast conversion platform, so that the yield of the earthworm can be improved, the yield of the earthworm cast is improved, organic matters of the earthworm cast can be increased, the organic matters are mixed in the conversion platform in winter, the heat preservation effect can be achieved, on the other hand, the stem leaves which are withered for a long time are mixed with the earthworm cast, the complex biological reaction can be achieved, microbial flora on which the plant lives is actively enriched, the survival rate of the plant is higher and more vigorous, the stem leaves which are withered from the plant and the earthworm cast are reasonably utilized, the ecological cycle of a tailing pond is preliminarily formed, and a self-maintaining ecological balance system is gradually formed.
2. The method for ecologically restoring the tailings ponds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the tailings pond ecological restoration in the S2 uses municipal sludge which is required to meet the limit requirement of class B sludge product pollutants in GB4284-2018, or the standards of sludge quality for sludge treatment and landscaping in urban sewage treatment plants GB/T23486-2009 landscaping, or the sludge quality for soil improvement in sludge treatment and land improvement in urban sewage treatment plants GB/T24600-2009 soil improvement, and the adding mode and adding amount of the municipal sludge.
3. The method for ecologically restoring the tailings ponds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the deep root system trees in the S4 can be planted as Chinese pine, Chinese chestnut, locust, willow and jujube, the shallow root system trees can be planted as poplar, and the surface layer can be planted with alfalfa.
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